Movable table for drilling machine. Coordinate table for drilling machine. Add an adjustable end stop

Of great importance when operating drilling equipment are additional accessories, making the operator’s work more convenient and efficient. Thus, the coordinate table used to equip drilling machine, significantly increases the productivity of the device and the accuracy of the processing performed. This device can be purchased ready-made or made with your own hands.

Purpose and types

In essence, a coordinate table is a movable metal platform on the surface of which a workpiece processed on a machine is mounted. Possible various ways such fixation:

using mechanical devices;
by means of vacuum;
due to the own weight of massive parts.

Depending on your functionality coordinate ones can have two or three degrees of freedom. Thus, some models can only move in the horizontal plane (X and Y axes), while more technologically advanced ones can also make vertical movements (Z axis). Tables of the first type are used when processing flat parts, and devices with the ability to move vertically are equipped with drilling machines that process parts with complex configurations.

On large industrial enterprises where large-sized parts are processed, long coordinate pads are often used, on which, thanks to the presence of a special mounting frame in their design, both the workpiece and drilling equipment can be installed. Most of the models are mounted on the machine itself or on the surface of a workbench.

They can be responsible for moving the coordinate table various types drives:

mechanical;
electric;
equipped with a CNC system.

Warping characteristics

Coordinate type tables, which are equipped with drilling machines, can be manufactured with bases made of various materials:

cast iron;
steel;
light alloys based on aluminum.

Tables with base made of aluminum construction are not designed for heavy loads, so they are used to equip drilling machines that process parts made of soft materials(wood, plastic). The advantages of devices whose frame is made of aluminum profile are:

light weight;
ease of installation;
affordable price.

Thanks to the simplicity of its design and the availability of manufacturing materials, such a table is easy to make with your own hands. If you don’t want to use it while working on the machine homemade device, you can purchase a ready-made kit for its assembly, which is produced by many companies.

Industrial coordinate tables for drilling machines, which are used most intensively and experience significant loads during operation, are manufactured with bases made of cast iron.

Both serial and homemade tables coordinate type can be manufactured on the basis of welded steel frames, which demonstrate high reliability. When making such a frame with your own hands, you should keep in mind that welded joints do not tolerate vibration loads well, so finished design It is necessary to get rid of internal stress as much as possible. This is achieved through appropriate heat treatment (tempering).

Coordinate tables, depending on their purpose, can be made according to two design schemes:

cross;
portal

Tables made according to the first scheme are equipped with universal drilling machines, on which parts of complex configurations are processed. The design features of such devices allow access to the workpiece being processed from three sides. Gantry-type tables are equipped with machines on which holes are drilled in sheet blanks.

Guides

The guides along which the coordinate table moves are important element its design, since from their quality and design features Not only the smooth movement of the part depends, but also the accuracy of its processing. Both in serial models and in homemade coordinate tables, the guides can be of rail or cylindrical type.

Smooth and accurate movement along the guides is ensured by the built-in carriage and bearing units. In cases where increased movement accuracy is required from the coordinate table, sliding bearings are used in its guides, since rolling bearings create significant play in the supports, although they reduce the friction force more effectively.

Guides for coordinate tables, depending on the type of carriage, are:

equipped with an enlarged flange used to attach the structure to the bottom of the table;
wafer-type, which are fastened in the usual way.

Dovetail guide

Mechanisms for transmitting motion

On the simplest models of serial drilling machines and on equipment that is made by hand, coordinate tables are installed mainly, which are driven mechanically. If high precision and processing performance are required from a drilling machine, tables driven by electric motors are installed on it.

Three types of gears are used in coordinate table drives:

based on gear wheels and slats;
based on belt mechanisms;
ball screw.

The choice of transmission type is influenced by a number of parameters:

the speed at which the table and the workpiece attached to it must move;
power of the electric motor used;
requirements for precision processing of parts.

High precision of movement is ensured by a ball screw drive, which also has a number of other advantages:

very slight play;
smooth movement;
quiet operation;
resistance to significant loads.

The disadvantages of this type of transmission are the inability to ensure high speed of table movement and the significant cost of such a mechanism.

To reduce the cost of a homemade coordinate table for a drilling machine, you can equip it with a drive based on a conventional screw drive. However, in this case, care must be taken to ensure that the transmission screw mechanism is lubricated as often as possible.

A device from Victor Traveller - a coordinate table for a drilling machine. As I understand from the description, it can perform two functions. Firstly, with it you no longer need to rearrange the vice by unscrewing and tightening the nuts, which is somewhat annoying)))). And secondly, replacing the drill with carbide cutter and gradually feeding the workpiece under the tool, you can mill grooves in the metal various shapes. But more on that later, first about the device.

Table parameters:

Length 350 mm
width 350 mm
thickness - 65 mm.
The total length of the guides is 300mm.
Accuracy about 0.1mm
The stroke of each carriage is 94mm. (With these geometric parameters it was possible to go 105mm, but I was too lazy to saw off the washers)
Load capacity up to 15 kg (although this parameter is more limited by the drill table itself)

To manufacture the stool, structural wear-resistant tool profiles of the St1-St-3 grades were required (it could be worse). A 20x20 profile with a thickness of 2 mm was used. similar fasteners and bearings.

"Explosion diagram":

The central unit of the entire table is the crosspiece. All the remaining details can be done almost in a clumsy way, but you have to try hard with it, because if it is skewed, then the whole table will be covered. It is advisable to use welding (for example, spot welding).

Using the already welded cross as a template, we assemble the carriages, which are U-shaped parts.

After a little modification with a file, M10 nuts are inserted into the profile.

We assemble the handles with the bearing assembly using M10 studs.

We weld U-shaped bases from the corner. We assemble the entire circuit using bolts screwed into previously pressed nuts.

The studs are tensioned between the bearings using nuts, which allows you to eliminate the gaps in the bearings, and at the same time the gaps in the screw-nut pairs. Moreover, when the entire circuit is pulled towards the center, vertical backlashes are removed.

The sequence of fastening units with bearings is schematically presented as follows.

The assembled table looks like this. All components and moving parts should be thoroughly lubricated.

We attach the assembled table to the frame of the drilling machine,
and put a vice on it (through the plywood gasket - you can do without it). Plywood, by the way, will protect the lubricated elements from chips getting into them.

Now let's talk about the possibilities of this device. Firstly, when drilling parts, you do not need to twist the vice from place to place, just twist the handles.

Secondly, by rotating the handles under load, you can mill metal parts, including along a rather complex trajectory.

Here is another example of milling. You can remove up to a millimeter of material in one pass.

Thirdly, such a modernized machine can be used for turning. The cutter is fixed in a vice, and the workpiece rotates in the chuck.

In general, having spent relatively little time and money, we can get an excellent, multifunctional device that significantly expands the capabilities of the drilling machine

The efficiency and accuracy of part processing largely depends on the quality of the machine. A correctly selected mechanism is the key to product compliance with all specified standards and tolerances. An important role in compliance with drilling technology is played by a coordinate table.

Concept and types

The table is a manipulator for fastening the workpiece being processed. Externally, it looks like a plate with the ability to fix the part using:

mechanical method;
vacuum method;
own weight of the workpiece.

Products come with one, two and three degrees of freedom. This means that the feed is carried out along the coordinates X, Y, Z. For drilling flat parts, horizontal movements are sufficient. With a voluminous product or a fixed drill, vertical movement of the table is necessary.

For large industrial drilling installations, long coordinate pads are manufactured. They are equipped with their own mounting frame. Both the part and the processing unit itself are mounted on such a device. The table for small machines is made with fastening to the device or to the surface of the workbench.

To set the table in motion, the design can be:

mechanical;
electrical;

The latter type is the most accurate, but the cost of such a device is significant.

Manufacturing of load-bearing elements

The materials for making the table frame are:

cast iron;
metal;
aluminum.

The latter material is used for circuits with light loads and low torque forces. This option is acceptable when drilling wood or plastic.

pulled aluminum profile frame, mounted on threaded connections. This creates a solid foundation. Advantages of the material:

low weight;
accessibility;
ease of installation.

Many companies produce ready-made kits for assembling tables with your own hands.

Cast base structures are often cast iron. Their weight is significant, but the forces they can withstand are quite high. Such tables are used for large production volumes. Installation is carried out on the foundation, permanently.

The welded frame is the best option as for production capacity, and for home use. The main thing when welding with your own hands is to reduce the welding stresses of the metal by releasing it. Otherwise, when the engine picks up speed, cracks may appear in the frame.

For drilling machines use two technological schemes table:

cross;
portal

The first one is used when volumetric workpieces. It makes it possible to carry out other manipulations on the fixed workpiece. With this arrangement, access to the part is provided from three sides.

The portal pattern is used when drilling flat products. It is easier to manufacture and has increased processing accuracy.

Selection of guides

From the right choice and fastening the movement guides of the table surface depends on the accuracy of processing. Rail and cylindrical elements are used. They are produced with a carriage superstructure and mounted bearing units.

The choice of table guide type depends on the type of drive. The part in question works to overcome the friction force. If high precision in movement is required, it is better to choose plain bearings. Rolling bearings reduce friction but create a lot of play.

Depending on the type of carriage, the guides are:

with an enlarged flange, for fastening to the bottom of the table;
Wafer type for conventional mounting to top threaded holes.

If you make it yourself, you can order rails with a stainless steel coating. They have increased service life and longer abrasion resistance.

Types of gears for table movement

With small desktop machine The table is moved mechanically. But the greater the speed, accuracy and performance required, the more carefully the type of drive is selected. Electric motors are mainly used.

The essence of the unit’s operation is to convert the rotational work of the engine into translational motion of the table plane. There are three types of transmissions:

rack and pinion;
belt;
ball screw.

The choice of node type is made based on:

workpiece movement speed;
machine engine power;
required processing accuracy.

Machining accuracy at various transfer units

Advantages of Ball Screw:

possibility of high-precision processing;
small backlash;
smooth movement of the table;
quiet operation;
ability to take heavy loads.

A significant disadvantage is the limited feed speed. The reduction in speed is especially noticeable when the propeller length is more than 1500 mm. Approximate speed calculation: for a 1 kW drive, the rotation speed is 3000 rpm. With a screw pitch of 10 mm, the transmission speed is 0.5 m/sec. In this case, 3 m will be covered in 6 seconds.

Another disadvantage is the high cost. You can reduce the cost of the project by using a connection with a screw and nut. In this case, it is necessary to ensure constant lubrication of the unit.

In new generation drilling machines, lubrication of the movable mechanisms of the coordinate surface is carried out automatically. The device contains sensors for monitoring the temperature of important parts.

The rack and pinion transmission ensures high speed and sufficient accuracy. The disadvantage is high degree backlash when transmitting forces from the drive.

Installing a belt is the most budget-friendly and common method when creating a table with your own hands. The low cost of belt drive and feed speed up to 1 m/s is compensated by the following disadvantages:

rapid wear;
loss of tension due to stretching;
possibility of breakage during acceleration;
low accuracy of work.

When purchasing a coordinate table for drilling or do-it-yourself installation, you must take into account the working conditions. The ratio of all mechanisms according to parameters: workload, service life, heating and cooling will give good result at work. This is especially important when self-production from scrap materials.

Coordinate table helps to make the operation of the unit accurate, smoothly move the workpiece in desired position, avoid jumps and twisting of the part. The efficiency of working on any type of machine increases significantly when using a coordinate table, especially one made by yourself.

A coordinate table makes drilling faster, easier and more accurate. If a person has a set of tools and materials on hand, such equipment is easy to do independently.

Types and purpose

Tables for drilling machines come in several different types, can be made from different materials and function on different principles. This is a simple fixing device, with the help of which the workpiece is secured in the required position.

With the help of a table during processing, a part is able to change its position and angle; manipulation allows different types processing without removing or moving the part. The methods for fixing equipment are as follows:

using vacuum and differential pressure;
mechanical devices;
the part is held on the table independently due to its heavy weight.

For amateurs who are planning to make a table for a drilling machine with their own hands, the second fixation option is most suitable.

Workpiece to be fixed in different installations has an unequal number of degrees of freedom - two or three. In the first case, she is able to move only along the X and Y coordinates; in the second, the ability to move up, down or along the Z coordinate is added. For home use, two degrees of freedom is quite enough.

Equipment use

Before starting to operate the coordinate base, the master must study the safety rules, equipment features, as well as the lighting requirements in the room where the work is taking place.

The table is activated in the following ways:

mechanical movement;
use of electric drive;
installation .

The first or second option, if you implement it yourself, will be the most suitable.

It is worth mentioning separately such design options as turntable and cross.

The first one is able to rotate around own axis and is the most convenient option if you need to process parts with axial symmetry, round and disc-shaped workpieces.

The cross drill table is more common in everyday use and provides the ability to move the workpiece in two directions: X and Y.

Base material

Before you start creating a device, you need to think about what materials and spare parts to use. Preliminary preparation is necessary so that they can give the future creation the following characteristics:

Normal working weight so that one person can work with such a table without noticeable difficulty.
Simplicity and versatility of installation. Good product must fit different types drilling equipment.
Maximum cost savings on manufacturing. If development turns out to be too expensive, wouldn’t it be easier to buy a ready-made item?

Most often, these requirements are met by the following common and economical options:

steel;
metal;
cast iron;
aluminum;
duralumin.

If the table is needed mainly for drilling soft materials (wood, plastic), then aluminum will be the best option. It is extremely light and has sufficient strength.

If you have to work with metals, drill serious parts to a relatively large depth, then you will need something more durable - steel, cast iron, iron. These are heavy materials, but the loads they can withstand are impressive.

Guides

Of particular importance in the design of the device being developed are the so-called guides - components along which the table moves in the required directions.

The better they are made, the more accurately the specialist will work on the machine, set the position of the workpiece being processed and the easier it will be to move it to the right place, apply filler materials and perform other necessary actions.

Two types of guides are used: cylindrical type and rail type. It’s difficult to say which of them is more efficient - with high-quality implementation, both options perform well.

To make the sliding of the guides as smooth and accurate as possible, it is necessary to use special carriages and bearings. If the requirements for the accuracy of the equipment are not too high, then rolling bearings are quite suitable, otherwise, plain bearings must be used.

Roller bearings will create a slight amount of play, but for typical applications this is not a major problem.

For smooth sliding of the guides, it is possible to use rolling bearings

When making a product with your own hands, you need to choose the option that is most suitable for future tasks.

Motion transmission mechanism

The most important part of the future device, no matter whether it is a rotary table for a drilling machine or a cross version, is the mechanism for transmitting movement from the control handles to the device.

It is best to make a drive with mechanical type movements are manually controlled. In this way, specialists can achieve greater accuracy of movements and high quality of work performed.

The components of the motion transmission mechanism are:

racks and gears, gears;
belt mechanisms;
ball screw drives.

Experts advise choosing the latter type of mechanism, especially when it comes to a cross table; it has many significant advantages:

extremely small system play;
the product moves very smoothly, without jerking;
The ball screw operates quietly;
under significant workloads it shows high stability.

Experts say that the disadvantage of the mechanism is the inability to achieve high operating speed, but if you are considering a cross table for a drilling machine, then high speed is usually not required.

To save money, the master needs to try to implement belt drives. They are simple and accessible, but have disadvantages:

low accuracy;
rapid wear;

As a conclusion, we note that if a person decides to make a table for a drilling machine with his own hands, then there is nothing fundamentally unrealistic about this. A basic set of materials and tools will help you quickly complete the task. The task for the specialist is to choose correct view design and high-quality production of all critical components of the future device.