Unedged boards: types, varieties, types of wood, sizes and scope of application. Assortment of boards - types of products, basic design parameters Which board is better to dry, edged or unedged

Lumber is an integral part of any construction, repair or finishing works, and the variety of types allows you to choose the most optimal option that corresponds to the tasks. One of the most common and popular types of such materials are edged and unedged boards, which are the primary product of sawing logs, the main differences of which are the degree of processing.

Edged and unedged boards are environmentally friendly, reliable and affordable lumber used in the construction of small architectural forms, the construction of decking and roofing slabs, furniture manufacturing, as well as many other purposes. To decide which type is needed for a particular purpose, you should understand the main advantages and disadvantages of this lumber.

Edged board is one of the most used types of lumber. It is obtained by sawing logs with subsequent processing, during which all four sides are thoroughly cleaned. The result is a cleaned surface with a cross-section that is a regular rectangle. The standard sizes of edged boards may differ and depend primarily on the loads that the selected material is expected to experience.

The basis for the manufacture of edged boards is various varieties wood, mainly coniferous and deciduous. Experts believe that the highest quality and most durable lumber is made from coniferous species, such as, for example, pine. High content resins provide excellent strength, waterproofing, and other performance characteristics. In addition, such material perfectly resists rotting, the formation of harmful fungi, mold and other microorganisms.

In addition to finishing facades, it will be an excellent option for cladding interior interiors. High-quality edged boards, polished, varnished and treated with special compounds, are considered one of the best interior solutions used in modern design.

When choosing such a material, you should pay special attention to its surface. The presence of unevenness, bends or any deformations means that the wood was not dried correctly, and this significantly reduces its quality and performance characteristics. As a result, the material loses its strength properties and may collapse during subsequent processing and use.

Unedged board

Unedged boards are made by sawing a ridge or log longitudinally, that is, along the grain. As a result of such sawing, the element has four sides, two of which are processed to a clean surface, and the edges have wane or bark residues.

The width of such boards can be different, and the edges can be sharp. There are also semi-edged options, where part of the edge is not filed, and one end is often narrower than the other. In addition, the raw part of the edges may also be covered with bark residue. The presence of knots significantly reduces the strength characteristics of the material.

Unedged products often find their use as auxiliary material in the construction process, production of formwork and platforms, decking, temporary partitions, fences, as well as load-bearing elements of various structures. Unedged materials are also used as semi-finished products for the manufacture of edged products.

If you are planning to use edged board, there are several things to consider important factors. Firstly, you need to ensure that there are no deformations, traces of careless cutting, potholes or chips. Existing defects significantly reduce strength and can also cause destruction during subsequent processing.

Still, unedged lumber deserves attention because it is a reliable and environmentally friendly solution in many areas of construction and economic activity. Due to stable demand in the market, there has been a significant increase in wood processing production.

Comparative characteristics

More detailed comparative characteristics Edged and unedged boards can be found on the website http://lesinter.ru. It should be remembered that when choosing between edged and unedged boards, you need to focus on a number of key parameters, such as type of wood, thickness, width, appearance and surface finish quality. Despite the fact that the cost of unedged lumber is quite low, when purchasing you need to pay attention to the presence of all kinds of defects. It is on such criteria that the final price per cubic meter depends.

Construction work requires solving many different issues, among which the most important task is the selection and purchase of lumber. Calculate how much linear meters boards and timber will be needed during the construction process, it’s not difficult. But the price of industrial wood is indicated per 1 cubic meter, and this often causes difficulties for novice home craftsmen. The ability to correctly select and calculate the amount of edged or unedged lumber in a cube will allow you to save money and avoid a situation where, after completion construction work There is a pile of unused boards left on the site.

Classification and characteristics of lumber

The very name “lumber” suggests that this type of construction raw material is obtained by longitudinal sawing of tree trunks on circular or band saws. Several cutting methods are used to produce boards and timber:

• tangential (in a circle),
• radial.

Tangential cutting involves moving the saw tangentially to the annual rings of the tree, which reduces the amount of waste and, therefore, reduces the cost of building materials. The boards obtained in this way have a beautiful, pronounced pattern, therefore they are often used for finishing purposes. Disadvantages of circular sawing include the tendency of the wood to shrink and swell, as well as a significant difference in texture as it approaches cutting tool to the center of the log.

In the sawmill industry, several methods of sawing a trunk are used.

At radial sawing the cutting line passes through the core of the tree, so the yield of boards will be smaller, and their price will be higher. However, if it is necessary to obtain high-quality wood, this method is used. This is due to the fact that, compared to the tangential method, radial sawing boards have halved swelling and shrinkage rates. In addition to the sawing methods discussed above, a mixed method is also used, which combines the advantages of the first two.

The concept of lumber actually includes not only traditional moldings, which can most often be seen on construction markets. Full list products obtained by sawing logs include:

• board;
• beam;
• bar;
• lagging;
• croaker

The last two types of lumber are classified as waste, which absolutely does not prevent them from being used for certain types of construction work, as well as for finishing purposes.

Boards

Boards include rectangular lumber with a thickness of no more than 100 mm and a width to thickness ratio of at least 2:1. Depending on the degree of processing, the board can be edged or unedged. The first is finished product without bark and with smoothly sawn edges, while the second is a “semi-finished product”, removed directly from the saw frame.

The edged board has smooth edges and a constant width along the entire length of the lumber

The most commonly used boards in construction are: standard sizes:

• thickness - 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm;
• width - from 75 to 275 mm with gradation every 25 mm;
• length - from 1 m to 6.5 mm in increments of 250 mm.

Boards of other sizes can be obtained by trimming or planing standard lumber, or by making individual order for sawing round timber.

Unedged boards have a lower cost, but without finishing its scope of application is limited

The parameters of lumber used in construction are standardized and determined according to the current GOST 8486–86 for coniferous wood and GOST 2695–83 for hardwood.

timber

Timber is lumber whose cross-section is a square with sides of at least 100 mm. The diameter of the timber is unified and can vary from 100 to 250 mm in increments of 25 mm. The standard defines the length of products of this type from 2 to 9 m, but lumber is most often used square section with a length of no more than 6 m. In some cases, products with a section of 150x100 mm, 200x100 mm or 200x150 mm, which are existing classification are much closer to the sleepers.

The timber is ideal material for the construction of frames and other wooden structures

The bar differs from the beam discussed above only in that its cross-section does not exceed 100x100 mm. The typical length of the bar is also 6 m, and the diameter ranges from 40 mm to 90 mm in increments of 10 mm. To simplify the classification, bars are often classified as slats whose cross-section has rectangular shape, and the ratio of thickness to width is at least 1:2. Standard series The edges of softwood slats look like this: 16, 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 50, 60, 75 mm. For hardwood lumber, products of increased width are additionally provided, and the product line itself looks like this: 19, 22, 25, 32, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mm.

A variety of bars and slats allow you to strengthen and make any wooden structure as stable as possible.

Obapole and croaker

Obapol is the very first cut of a round timber, the outer surface of which remains untreated. Unlike obapol, croaker can have a cut on half of the second side or alternating treated and untreated areas on the bark side. The importance of obapol and slab in construction is secondary, since the unaesthetic appearance and reduced performance characteristics allow the use of lumber of this type only for auxiliary purposes. Most often, slab and obapol are used as fastening materials, as well as for the manufacture of formwork, sheathing or flooring. scaffolding. This material is also interesting in quality decorative material for decorating walls, fences and other vertical structures.

Despite their external ugliness, croaker and obapole are widely used for minor construction tasks

Technology for calculating the number of boards in a cube

The timber market offers both edged lumber and unedged boards, with wane remaining on the edges. Depending on the type of wood products, several methods are used to determine cubic capacity.

How to find out the number of edged lumber in a cube

The algorithm for determining the cubic capacity of lumber is based on the formula known to every schoolchild for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. In order to find out the cubic capacity of one board (V) per cubic meter. m, you need to find the product of its length (a) by its width (b) and thickness (h) in meters V=a×b×h.

The desired figure will make it easy to calculate how many boards of this type will fit into one cubic meter of lumber. For this, 1 cu. m of lumber is divided by the volume of one product. For example, if you need to find out the cubic capacity of one board with parameters 6000x200x25 mm, then by substituting these numbers into the formula, we get V = 6x0.2x0.025 = 0.03 cubic meters. m. Consequently, in one cubic meter there will be 1/0.03 = 33.3 such products.

A tongue and groove board has a groove on one side and a tongue on the other. Since both of these elements are approximately equal to each other, their parameters can be neglected. That is why the cross-sectional size of tongue-and-groove lumber is measured without taking into account the locking part.

In the case of boards that have the same dimensions, the calculation can be simplified by substituting the dimensions of the lumber stack into the formula. Of course, its installation should be as tight as possible, otherwise the gaps between the individual elements will affect the accuracy of the calculations. Considering that the cost of individual types of wood reaches tens of thousands of rubles, such an error can cost a pretty penny.

To simplify calculations, you can use special tables that allow you to quickly determine the cubic capacity or the amount of wood in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber.

Table: number of edged boards in 1 cubic meter. m of standard length lumber

The cubic capacity of timber of standard sizes can also be determined using the table below.

Table: amount of timber in 1 cubic meter. m of lumber

Very often it is necessary to determine the surface area (floor or wall) that can be covered with a board of one thickness or another with a volume of 1 cubic meter. m. To do this, you can use the formula S = 1/h, where h is the thickness of the lumber. So, one cubic meter of 40 mm board will be enough to arrange S=1/0.04=25 sq. m of floor. To facilitate the process of calculating the area, a table called a cubeturner allows you to simplify the process of calculating the area. It contains data on the cross-section of the boards, their number in 1 cubic meter. m and the required area that they can cover.

Method for calculating the cubic capacity of an unedged board

Unedged lumber is not trimmed at the edges, so not only the cross-sectional size of individual products varies, but also the width different parts one board. In this regard, it is possible to calculate the volume of a stack of unprocessed lumber only approximately. The same applies to calculating the cubic capacity of individual unedged lumber, although the error in this case will be much smaller.

So, to calculate the cubic capacity of an unedged board, there are two constant quantities - thickness and length, and one variable - width. To avoid complex calculations using differential algebra methods, the last parameter is simply averaged. To do this, measure the board in several places and find the average arithmetic value. For example, for a board with a diameter of 400 mm at the base, 350 mm in the middle and 280 in the top, the calculated value will be (430+340+260)/3=343 mm. Further calculations are carried out in exactly the same way as for edged lumber.

Most often, the width of an unedged board is determined only on the basis of measurements along the edges of the lumber. It should be noted that the accuracy of calculations directly depends on the number of measurements, so in critical cases their number is increased.

If you need to find out the cubic capacity of a package of unedged wood, then the products are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the following conditions are met:

• the stacks must be aligned along the front end;
• boards in a stack should not be stacked overlapping;
• It is not allowed to change the width of the package along the entire length of the lumber;
• the protrusion of the outermost products beyond the stack should not exceed 100 mm.

By measuring the height, length and width of a package of unedged wood with a tape measure, the approximate cubic capacity is determined using the formula V=a×b×h. To find out a more accurate value, the result obtained is multiplied by the stacking coefficient, which can be found in special tables.

Table: laying coefficient of unedged hardwood boards

For softwood lumber, the laying coefficients have slight differences.

Summer is coming, which means construction season is coming soon. Today I continue to talk about various building materials. The most common type is wood, namely board. You can use it to make “floors”, sheathe walls, or make lathing. However, not all of them are the same, some have more processing, others less. So which ones should you take? Read on...

By “larger” processing I mean “edged” board, by “less” not edged. Don't know what it is? Then read on...

Unedged board

I remember when we built the house, the box was lined with brick, but the floors and roof were made of boards. We chose the unedged version - such a board is made by cutting a log lengthwise, but the edges on its sides are not trimmed. That is, the upper and lower surfaces are smooth, but the edges are not cut off! In a word, not fully processed. Here are some photos for a better understanding.

Why did we choose this option? YES, everything is simple, it is 1.5 - 2 times cheaper than the “edged” one. But then it takes a lot of time to process these edges; I had to manually cut off these edges on special machines, I tell you, it took a very long time. Therefore, due to the “labor costs”, you can take the “edged type” so as not to have to worry about finishing.

Edged board

This, as you understand, is a completely ready-to-use board. She has correct form in cross section similar to a rectangle. The edges on the sides are also trimmed. That is, you not only have a properly processed top and bottom layer, but also the side ones. You can take them and immediately install them on the area you need, be it floors, ceilings or walls. Again, here's a photo.

What are the thickness and length

It should be noted that both types can be of different standard thicknesses. That is, these are already familiar to us - 25, 40 and 50 mm. The length of the boards is from 3 to 6 meters. There are practically no differences here.

Cost per cube

I would like to say right away that the difference is quite significant. Of course, a lot depends on what material it is made from. If this coniferous varieties, then the cost is somewhat cheaper, if these are deciduous “durable” varieties (for example, oak) - more expensive. Also, the price greatly depends on the type of wood, there are 5 of them in total (according to GOST), you can talk about them.

Unedged option, cost per cube starts from 2000 to 5000 rubles.

Edged version, cost per cube starts from 3,500 to 8,000 rubles.

So which is more profitable?

AT first glance, of course, the unedged type is more profitable, because you can really save money on it! BUT it's not that simple - guys, if you have a large team, then YES - you can buy them and cut them, but it will take a lot of effort and time. Also useful coating of such boards will be reduced by about a third, because you need to cut off the uneven side frames on the sides.

In turn, if you already take ready-made option, then you need to do the cutting, just install it where you need it. This is suitable for single builders who do not have a large team. You will also cover a larger area, because the edges no longer need to be processed.

Now a short video that will show how edged boards are made.

I will end here, I hope my article was useful to you.

Wood has been used in construction for many centuries. The popularity of products made from it does not change. Only processing technologies change - and even then only slightly. Powered saws are used instead of sawing by hand, but most woodworking is still manual labor.

Our ancestors also used logs cut into layers - boards - in construction. Modern technologies made it possible to make them smoother and develop a certain classification. When a log is initially cut, an unedged board is obtained. Its name (from a technical point of view) indicates that there are remnants of bark on the side parts. Unedged boards are a primary product of wood processing. It can be used for both some roughing and further processing.

Unedged boards vary by grade:

Depending on the variety, the price also changes. A cube of 2nd grade unedged board costs much less than high-grade material. To choose quality material, you need to know what to look for. The material must not be warped: its shape cannot resemble an arc, be twisted or round. A similar phenomenon occurs when wood is improperly stored and processed. Unedged boards should not have chips or gouges. This will complicate its further processing and may worsen the appearance of the product.

Pay attention to the number of knots. They bend the fibers, distorting both the board and the products made from it over time. The fewer knots, the better quality boards. There should be no deep cracks on the surface. This may reduce the life of the material.

When ordering, you should know the thickness, width and length of the required lumber. The usual thickness of unedged boards is 25, 30, 40, 50 mm, but if you need other parameters, it is possible custom production. The width of the board is usually standardized and is 150 mm, but special parameters are also possible here. There are also uncalibrated boards. They have a fairly wide range of parameters. For example, one batch may contain boards with a width of 120 and 150 mm.

The length of any type of material usually ranges from 4 to 6 meters. The price is determined from all these parameters and depending on them.

Lumber used for construction is most often made from softwood. This is due to their good performance characteristics and at a relatively low price. Deciduous trees are also used for finishing. These products are already more expensive: the wood is less common and, as a rule, it is harder to process. Unedged boards are no exception. The price for a cube made of pine material is much lower than the same type of board, but made from linden.

- a board that has strictly along its entire length rectangular section. The presence of wane is allowed only in small quantities.

Dry lumber may have small non-through cracks, 1-2 wormholes per 1 m. This is the most popular type of board.

Proper drying gives lumber the advantages necessary for its further use:

• resistance to deformation - dry planed lumber retains its linear dimensions during installation and operation;
• resistance to temperature changes, humidity, bacterial damage, insects;
• reduction of internal stress - guarantees the quality of subsequent processing, for example in the production of furniture;
• strength - buying a dry edged board means getting a surface that can withstand serious loads.

Natural is a long process that requires large areas. Technologies are used more often chamber drying, which not only ensures the stability of the physical and mechanical properties of wood, but also destroys pests - insects, harmful bacteria.

Even a child can distinguish an unedged board from an edged one. However, in practice there have been cases when it was explained to the buyer that an edged board means cut off at the ends. So it's worth starting with the basics. Not an edged board - it has the same width as a tree trunk, that is, it is made from a tree sawn along the trunk. It does not undergo any further processing, so its side edges are covered with bark and have an uneven edge, as befits a tree. Edged boards are boards with a processed edge from which the bark has been removed. As a rule, they have a width of up to one meter and a length - at the request of the customer, but most often, it ranges from 2 to 8 meters. Planed board - used for making furniture and has not only processed edges, but also a planed - polished surface. The most popular and in demand is planed board 25 mm thick. It is used for making furniture, as well as for roofing works. But let's get back to buying edged boards. To buy a high-quality edged board, you need to pay attention that a high-quality edged board does not have knots, cracks, holes or other defects. As a rule, when selling edged boards, the seller does the sorting and evaluation. Sorting of boards and timber is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 6564-84 "Lumber and blanks. Acceptance rules, control methods, marking and transportation." The grade is indicated in a stamp on the end of the board. As a rule, 10% of the total volume of material is spent on re-grading - errors by quality control inspectors and hidden defects in the wood itself. The grade of a board depends on its thickness and width. It is these parameters that determine its properties and “name”, for example, “25x150 board” or “25x100 board”. When purchasing large quantities, the customer cannot select each board personally. As a rule, to check such a batch, a random selection of boards is carried out when packing the batch into stacks. The volume of purchased material is calculated in dense cubic meters, also in accordance with GOSTs. The sides of the boards on one side in the stack must be aligned in order to. So that you can take correct measurements. The so-called Eurofloor deserves a separate discussion - the board for its manufacture is assembled from individual strips of wide cross-section and glued together waterproof glue. This allows you to prevent deformation, which makes it possible to make the joints of the boards almost invisible. Europol can be laid directly on heated floors. Coniferous edged boards - choose the best! The strength and beauty of wood, as well as its resistance to external influences depend on the type of tree. The cheapest wood is considered to be common hardwoods: aspen and birch. The disadvantage of birch is its hardness, which makes processing difficult on one side, and its susceptibility to all kinds of rot and deterioration. Aspen rarely has a straight trunk and is also not as durable as other types of wood. Conifers are considered more valuable, and therefore more expensive, types of wood. Coniferous trees, most of them grow straight, have one pronounced trunk, a high-starting crown and reach great height and thickness. Therefore, a board made of coniferous wood always turns out to be best quality than that of deciduous trees. Often, buyers who have little experience in purchasing wood, wanting to save money, purchase grade 2 edged boards, and then complain when they see spots of rot on it. Wood defects include rot, knots, cracks, structural defects of wood, damage by fungi and insects, processing defects, and deformations. Defects are standardized in each grade for 1 m or for the entire length of the assortment. According to requirements state standard, for grade 2 lumber from coniferous wood, mushroom core spots (strips), sapwood mushroom stains and mold with a total area of ​​no more than 20% of the total area of ​​the lot are allowed. Hardwood lumber has a lower “tolerance” for defects due to its instability to rot. Heart and sapwood rots are allowed separately; they occur during drying or non-compliance with storage rules. Drying the boards should take place in special industrial premises maintaining constant temperature regime And forced ventilation or outdoors. Drying of wood in stacks, depending on the species and area from which the batch was delivered. Wood storage, both outdoors and in warehouses, should be carried out in stacks, lined with special gaskets for air access to prevent rotting. In the open air, a lean-to canopy is made over the stack, protruding above the cream of the stack by at least 0.5 m, which helps protect the tree from rain and snow.