Sawing lumber. Sawing lumber Sawing soft wood

LesOpt Leader offers decorative treatment lumber oil (calm lining, block house, planken, floor and terrace board) and molded products. Decorative treatment means professional spray painting. Our company provides services: painting, varnishing, brushing, sawing and open lumber, packaging and delivery in Moscow. LesOpt Leader specialists will provide you with professional advice on carrying out carpentry work in Moscow and will conduct necessary work quickly and at a reasonable price. All operations are performed by professional carpenters, which avoids unwanted effects. Trust the professionals of LesOpt Leader!

Coating wood oil

In order to provide wood with longevity, fire resistance, protection against pests, mold and mildew and simply give attractive appearance, the wood is impregnated with oil. This type of wood processing is considered the most popular and there are reasons for this. Firstly, by being deeply absorbed into the wood structure, the oil reliably protects against high humidity and any contamination. It is known that over time, constant contact with water can destroy valuable rock. Secondly, the oil provides protection against cracking and peeling, in addition, it is completely environmentally friendly. Thirdly, this procedure gives the wood more natural look and hides various surface defects.

You can order from us impregnation of wood with oil, Qualified craftsmen with experience will complete orders of any complexity in a short time.

The cost of this service is from 300 rubles per m2.

From 300.0 R

Brushing wood

One of the fashion trends today is wood brushing. This process is also called artificial aging. Those. If you want to add a touch of aristocracy and make the atmosphere in your home warmer and more comfortable, then this service is just right for you. The labor-intensive brushing procedure involves removing the top layer - soft wood fibers, after which a pronounced, three-dimensional texture pattern remains. Brushing is done using special metal brushes through mechanical action.

In addition to improving your appearance, brushing has a number of other benefits. It is resistant to mechanical damage, ultraviolet radiation and humid environments.

Our specialists will perform high-quality this procedure artificial texturing and your wood will become uniquely refined and noble.

The cost of this service is from 350 rubles per m2.

From 350.0 R

Cutting plywood to customer dimensions

We offer you the following service: cutting plywood to your measurements. Our concern is to provide customers with maximum comfort and convenience, therefore, after ordering lumber, you are given an excellent opportunity to obtain high-quality cut to required dimensions and with high accuracy.

The process of cutting plywood is quite a delicate matter, because it requires certain experience and professional equipment. Therefore, it is better to entrust this important procedure to specialists who will fulfill the order at the highest level.

The cost of this service is from 30 rubles per m/p.

From 30.0 R

Cutting wood to customer dimensions

At LesOpt Leader you can order the service of cutting boards and timber according to the client’s dimensions. Cutting boards, timber produced as per standard sizes, and individually, depending on the customer’s requirements.

Advantages of working with us:

cutting is carried out using modern high-precision equipment;
operational work regardless of the specified volumes;
affordable cost of the service;
individual approach to each client.

Our specialists approach the execution of orders with great care and attention. I will cut the lumber. We guarantee each client impeccable quality, the shortest possible deadlines, as well as acceptable cost of cutting services.

The cost of this service starts from 500 rubles

From 500.0 R

Lumber to order

Lesopt Leader offers its clients the opportunity to purchase lumber to order, including their production custom sizes. The key to success in construction and finishing works consists of high quality materials, proper calculation of dimensions and the correct type of wood. Our qualified employees and excellent technical equipment will help you do all this. Thanks to our own sawmill, we are able to offer absolutely any lumber and related products. In addition, with the help of modern and high-precision equipment, Lesopt Leader company:

manufactures lumber with varying degrees of processing within the specified time frame according to the customer’s dimensions;
produces wood products aimed at certain conditions construction and finishing with the appropriate grade, degree of drying, necessary processing ends and surface finishing;
Produces promptly lumber to order in any quantities.

All our products are high quality and have the properties of strength and durability, and are also characterized by resistance to various negative external factors.

For the convenience of our customers, we also provide cutting, loading, oiling, brushing and prompt delivery to the desired address.

And remember, wood has always been and will be the most optimal environmentally friendly material for construction and renovation!

The cost of this service is from 1000 rubles per 1m3

From 1000.0 R

Thermowood and thermowood production

Thermowood and thermo-treated wood products are becoming increasingly popular. Indeed, as a result of heat treatment of wood, it acquires new properties and an attractive appearance, especially thermal boards made of thermo-ash and thermo-pine. After processing, thermowood, buy or order products from which you can use in our carpentry workshop, becomes stronger, more durable, and the risk of exposure is reduced various types fungi, mold, insect pests, and when exposed to excess moisture it does not swell or crack.

Many types of wood are subjected to heat treatment, the thermal board retains its useful characteristics, this is especially true for terraced thermowood, the scope of application is expanding of this material, while the price of thermal wood, as well as the price of thermal board, remains affordable. Thermal ash is very popular because it has a rich texture and aesthetic appearance that is superior to many exotic wood species. Thermal pine is used for such purposes as the production of planks and facade thermal boards, and also serves as a material for cladding the walls of houses, baths and saunas. At the Lesopt Leader warehouse you can also select various heat-treated species: thermo-ash, thermo-pine, thermo-oak, thermo-larch, thermo-aspen, thermo-linden, thermo-abash and many other species.

DEVELOPMENT OF OAK WOOD CUTTING TECHNOLOGY

Toropov A.S. , Sharapov E.S., Krasnova V.F., Toropov S.A.

(MarSTU, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation)

Results of researches new technology of sawing up oak wood with ring defeats are presented.

Among the valuable tree species growing on the European territory of Russia, the most important economically is the pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L .). Its valuable wood is in unlimited demand.

According to the results of research by P.M. Verkhunov and I.P. Kurnenkova, the oak forests of the Chuvash Republic are characterized by a large density of forest stands. In particular, a very common defect in the structure of wood is the internal sapwood of oak. The cause of internal sapwood is frost damage to the sapwood layers. The inner sapwood differs from the core in being less resistant to decay. At the same time, it subsequently develops ring large-pit rot (45.1 - 75.0% of tree stands are affected by sulfur-yellow tinder fungus Laetiporus sulphureus L .), then turning into pink-brown prismatic rot, eliminating the possibility of using raw materials. Quite often, several areas of ring lesions are found in oak wood (Fig. 1).

Figure 1 – Cross-section of an oak tree affected by sulfur-yellow tinder fungus

For this reason, oak wood growing on the territory of the Republic of Chuvashia, as a result of sanitary selective felling, is transferred to the category of illiquid. Manufacturers prefer to use expensive imported raw materials from the southern regions of our country, which increases costs transport costs, and this entails a significant increase in the cost of finished products.

The technology we have developed makes it possible to rationally use illiquid oak wood and improve the quality of the output lumber. According to the new cutting method (Fig. 2) To round timber 1, which has ring lesions on wood 2, is fixed to a healthy peripheral zone, the shape and parameters of the affected zone are determined and divided according to the program, thereby obtaining sectors 3 with affected zone 2 (dividing the timber into sectors in the longitudinal direction).

Figure 2 - Method for cutting round timber with ring-shaped wood lesions

Next, the resulting sectors 3 are based on one of the processing surfaces and the affected part is separated in the longitudinal direction along the boundaries of the affected layers parallel to the tangent at the point of intersection of the generatrix of the timber and the bisector of the sector angle, resulting in a peripheral segment 5, an affected part 4 and a core part 6. Affected parts 4 are rotated one relative to the other by 180 0 in a vertical plane and fastened together, and the core parts 6 are also rotated by 90 0 in a vertical plane and fastened together. Next, the peripheral segment 5 is cut to obtain high-quality lumber. After drying the workpieces, it is possible to glue them together along the edges. In order to increase the strength of the joint, elements of carpentry joints are made in the workpieces. In order to obtain lumber products of different sizes in thickness and quality, the blanks are sorted according to geometric parameters and quality characteristics.

Application new technology cutting oak wood with ring lesions will allow rational use of low-quality wood resources.

Literature

1. Verkhunov, P.M. Variety-forming defects and commodity structure oak forests of the Middle Volga region [Text] / P.M. Verkhunov, I.P. Kurnenkova // Forest taxation and forest management: Interuniversity. Sat. scientific tr. – Yoshkar-Ola.: MarSTU, 1997.- pp. 72-78.

2. Vakin, A.T. Defects of wood [Text] / A.T. Vakin, O.I. Poluboyarinov, V.A. Soloviev. – M.: Lesn. industry, 1980. – 112 p.

3. Alekseev, I.A. Forest commodity science with the basics of wood science [Text] / I.A. Alekseev, O.I. Poluboyarinov. – Yoshkar-Ola.: MarSTU, 2006. – 457 p.

Oak is a very popular material that is widely used:

Construction.
Finishing work.
Making furniture.
Making art objects and souvenirs.

Naturally, not only freshly felled and sawn wood is used, but processed and high-quality dried material. This is a prerequisite to avoid future cracking, changing the shape and size of the product. Oak, which is used in construction or furniture making, must have certain physical and mechanical properties.

Therefore, when the sawing is completed, the question arises: “ How to dry oak correctly" We will answer this in this article.

Features of oak wood: what should happen as a result of drying

Oak lumber is quite capricious; it is difficult to dry naturally. It is not enough to simply leave the stack under a canopy or in the open sun so that through certain time get the required result.

Before how to dry oak boards , you need to understand the features of the material:

Oak wood is susceptible to drying. This means that when the moisture level drops below a critical level, internal and external cracks can form.
The most difficult thing to dry is freshly sawn oak, whose humidity exceeds 25%.
Temperatures above 55 degrees are unacceptable during the initial stages of drying. This leads to the collapse of wood capillaries, that is, to the appearance of multiple internal cracks.
It is not recommended to send freshly sawn material with a humidity above 40% for drying.
Proper drying of oak requires maintaining a certain level of temperature and humidity.

Features of drying oak wood are such that to obtain quality material without defects with a certain percentage of humidity, it is necessary to draw up a preliminary plan for this procedure and use special means.
There are several tasks for drying oak:

Shrinkage with prevention of changes in linear dimensions. Here the humidity is reduced to 30%.
Drying to transport humidity of 20-22%.
Full volume drying for immediate use. The humidity level should be 6-12%.

Methods of drying oak: chamber and chamberless methods

From all of the above, it is obvious that obtaining wood from freshly felled oak that meets all the necessary parameters is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process.

There are many ways to reduce the moisture content of boards, logs and beams, but they can all be divided into two large categories:

Tubeless (atmospheric) drying.
Chamber drying.

Atmospheric drying is ideally the most affordable and natural way to reduce humidity levels. The technique has been used in sawmills and wood processing industries for centuries. It is believed that naturally dried wood is of the highest quality and can be used for decades without change. original qualities. But the method has one significant drawback - it takes a long time.

Since modern life is very dynamic, buyers are interested in purchasing material as quickly as possible. Logging enterprises, in turn, prefer to sell wood in as soon as possible. Therefore, in XIX-XX centuries Many techniques using electrical energy have been invented. Chamber drying is carried out in convective chambers; condensation and vacuum drying are also used.

All work is carried out in industrial conditions, as a rule, divided into the following stages:

Warm up
Direct drying.
Cooling, obtaining a given humidity threshold.

Chamber drying is similar to multiply accelerated atmospheric drying; the desired result is achieved many times faster. But the disadvantage is the high cost of the procedure. It is necessary to use expensive equipment; most often this is only possible in industrial conditions.

Fortunately, not so long ago infrared dryers appeared, which make it possible to reduce the time required for atmospheric drying and obtain the desired result in a time comparable to chamber processing. At the same time, all Features of drying oak wood, the material does not experience aggressive influences that destroy the structure. At the end of the process, the humidity reaches the required level.

Infrared drying of oak: advantages of the modern method

Proper drying of oak has now become possible even at home. Infrared dryers manufactured under the FlexiHIT brand have a cassette form factor, are easily located inside stacks, and can also be used for drying small pieces of material. In this case, the volume of wood does not matter; it is enough to use required quantity dryers and position them correctly. The result is achieved in 3-7 days.

The properties of infrared-dried oak correspond to the properties of wood dried by the atmospheric method:

The material has a specified moisture content.
The fibers do not warp, cracks and stressed areas do not form.
Appearance matches appearance naturally dried oak.

It is noteworthy that anyone can use IR dryers; you do not need to have any special skills to get results. The equipment operates from a regular electrical network and consumes very little. Drying one cubic meter of wood requires no more than 200-400 kW.

To check the humidity, it is enough to use a moisture meter; when the required value is reached, the infrared dryers turn off. The oak can be used for its intended purpose immediately.

Oak wood is quite capricious when dried, to get an optimal result in the shortest possible time, it is better to prefer tubeless drying in combination with IR dryers.

Lumber - wood materials (beams, boards and whetstones) obtained by sawmilling. There are lumber of radial, tangential and mixed sawing. Lumber with sawn edges is called edged, while lumber with unsawed edges is called unedged.

Large, high-quality logs (these are logs from the bottom, butt part of the tree) provide the most valuable lumber. When sawing such logs, it is necessary to determine the thickness of the resulting boards in order to maximize the volume and cost of the resulting material. Since prices for lumber depend on its thickness, and in addition, when sawing at thick timber less sawdust is produced, this decision seriously affects income. However, if the quality of the thick material is lower, even if the best edge is almost pure, then sell it for good price It won't be easy. The sawyer should try to reduce the size of the material being cut when he sees that the quality of the wood begins to decline.

If the log is good, producing large lumber and railroad ties from the central part of the log is, to say the least, unwise. Because the price of timber is always less than the price of boards.

For high grade logs, circular sawing is recommended. In fact, cutting to the taper of the log and angling the log so that the cut is parallel to the bark is recommended for all "good" edges. The result will be clean wood along the entire length, more valuable pieces of lumber, and this will avoid the need to saw the clean wood later into short pieces. When you reach the low-grade part of the log, move on to the shape of the beam and minimize the operation of trimming the beam on the sides.

Durable but low-quality logs should be cut as quickly as possible. These logs are of little use - the profit is very small, or none at all, which means that these logs need to be removed from the machine, the faster the better. Any sawing method is suitable here. Most often they are sawed onto timber, or simply sawed right through. In this case, it is generally better to reduce log overturns to absolute zero.

Fragile logs provide such an insignificant profit and such a huge risk of breaking the product that it is better not to deal with them at all.

Logs of average quality can produce a significant amount of good lumber, and here a lot depends on the sawyer, on how he will turn the log. Here the decision to rotate the log is critical to profit.

First, you need to select the worst part of the log and cut it without taking into account the runoff. But you can't cut too much on this side. For small logs, you generally need to cut one layer, that is, cut once along the entire length of the log, or a layer and a short board, and then turn the log over to the opposite side.

Another way is to choose the best side of the log and start cutting taking into account the taper of the log. Then this particular part is sawed for a long time before the log is turned over.

Lumber is sawed from one side until the sawyer expects that the next board on that side of the log will be at least as good as the boards that can be obtained from the other side. There is an exception: if you start sawing from the worst edge of the log, you must saw until you get a completely smooth cut surface in order to turn the log over onto it. In other words, good side the logs need to be sawn deep, and from the bad side a layer or layer and one board are simply removed.

If we take a log with a diameter of 60 cm, although this is true for all logs of any size, when sawing with a 180° turn, we get 8 boards that need to be additionally trimmed on the sides, and using less effective method, always turning to the adjacent face, we get 13 such boards. This circumstance alone can already be a significant argument in favor of turning the log 180°, especially for small enterprises. In addition, this method of sawing produces more wide boards, which are usually more valuable. When flipped onto an adjacent face, you get 8 boards tangential cutting, which are subject to severe warping during drying. Further, if it is walnut or red oak with a narrow sapwood part, then with a 180-degree turn of the log we will get 10 boards with sapwood, with another turning method - 13 boards. Sapwood causes problems during drying. And when the log is turned 180 degrees, the internal tension of the wood is relieved, which results in the avoidance of cracks and cracks.

Turning over to an adjacent edge may be easier, but from an economic and cutting safety point of view, rotating the log 180° is more beneficial.

After two opposite edges of the log have been sawn, you need to move on to the third and fourth. As usual, the worst of these edges is cut first, without taking into account the taper of the log. However, a good quality edge should always be sawn parallel to the bark to increase the yield of good lumber from the log.

The width of the first layer when sawing from all four sides of the log is critical.

If the edge is of good quality, that is, the first sawn board can be classified as good grade, then the minimum width of the sawn timber should be 15-1 cm. Of course, this depends on the size of the log itself. To take into account further processing of the board, planing or even cutting on the sides, 15-1 cm is recommended, and not 15 cm.

If the edge is of poor quality, then it makes sense to cut boards with a width of at least 10-1 cm. The length of such boards should be at least 1.2 m. In general, you need to produce boards of no less length at your sawmill.

When it comes to logs of frankly poor quality, it makes sense to cut them from the “belly” or from the “ears”, rather than looking for a good edge. The "ears" are usually removed in 1 or 2 passes of the saw, revealing smooth surface inside the log. Cutting from the belly requires more manipulation, and as a result you get several short, but clean boards.

Timber has a number of advantages compared to thin boards. The timber often has a beautiful wood pattern that buyers love. When dried, it dries out half as much as boards (3% versus 6% for boards). Less cracking during drying. When humidity changes environment the beam is more stable. When the floor is covered with it, it hardly wears out.

Also, when sawing timber, the exit useful product from logs is 20% lower. Its production speed is much lower. It requires 15% more drying time. The timber dries out in thickness 2 times more than narrow boards. Sharp branches that remain in the timber, in contrast to round branches in the boards, greatly reduce the strength of the material.

Radial called a cut, in which the plane of the cut passes through the core of the trunk. The wood of such boards is quite uniform in color and texture, the inter-ring dimensions are minimal. Radial cut boards are resistant to external influences, are practically not subject to deformation and have high wear resistance. The radial cut board has a shrinkage coefficient = 0.19% and a swelling coefficient = 0.2%. These indicators for radially cut lumber are twice as good as for tangentially cut boards. For a radial cut board, the process of shrinkage and swelling occurs along the width of the fibers - the thickness of the board, and for a tangential cut along the width of the board because the fibers of the “tangent” are located along the width. Accordingly, at the floor board, parquet board, imitation timber, block house, lining of radial cut, there are practically no cracks compared to similar products of tangential cut. Since the yield of radial cut boards is 10 - 15% of the total volume, their cost is quite high.

Radial cutting of wood is a method of cutting a log in which all the fibers in the board run along the direction of the annual rings. When radially cut, lumber has the best physical and mechanical properties. The strength and hardness of wood with radial cutting is higher than with tangential cutting.

The yield of radial cut boards is usually small (does not exceed 30%). On the UP-700 longitudinal sawing machines, the yield of radial cut boards reaches 60%. This high rate is achieved thanks to the cutting optimization system. By choosing among the optimization criteria the maximum output of a radial cut board, the conditions of radial and semi-radial cutting, the technologist determines the percentage of output of the radial board.

Radial cutting can also be done using other equipment. But the percentage yield of a radial cutting board on other equipment depends on how the operator cut the log. Typically this figure is significantly less than 50%. Due to the microprocessor control system and optimization system on the UP-700, you can obtain the maximum possible number of radial cut boards.



Cut texture: 1 - tangential cut; 2 - radial cut; 3 - semi-radial cut.

Tangential called a cut, in which the plane of the cut passes at a distance from the core, tangentially to the annual layer of the trunk. Such boards have a pronounced texture and a rich wave-like pattern of annual rings. Tangential cut boards have higher shrinkage and swelling rates, but are more affordable.

Sawing hardwood

The sawing operation involves decisions about board thickness, turning the log, and compensating for the log's taper. This depends on many factors: the type of wood, the quality of the log, its size, the design of the machine and the grade of lumber that needs to be obtained. There are 3 standard cutting patterns:

Simple sawing

The log is sawed until its core is exposed, and then turned 180° and sawed to the end. This is the fastest and easy method sawing, however, with this method, each piece of lumber must be cut on the sides. Lumber sawn in this way is somewhat wider and heavier, of lower quality and has a lot of waste. It is extremely susceptible to warping during drying. Therefore, simple sawing or sawing through is justified only in the case of very low quality logs, when all of the above disadvantages are no longer particularly important.

Circular sawing

When sawing in a circle, a cut is first made, and the log is turned over to a new edge, sawed, and turned over again until at least 5 turns have occurred. From a financial point of view this is best way for logs of medium and high quality, although at the same time, at some sawmills it is difficult to carry out such a log turnover, and the daily productivity will be low. Of course, a machine with hydraulics solves this problem.

Sawing timber

Sawing timber maximizes productivity sawing machine(number of boards per day) and, as a rule, is used in industry when working with logs of medium and large sizes. In this case, the log is first sawn as if sawing in a circle, but the central part of the log, which can have dimensions of 18x23 or 25x25 and so on, is either transferred to another machine for processing according to technological line, or sold as a large and heavy beam. Basically, logs of medium and low quality are sawed in this way, when it is impossible to obtain valuable lumber from the central part of the log. This saves time and effort in producing a product that is not of very high quality and therefore not of very high price.

Deciding which side of the log to start cutting on, which cut surface to open first, is the most important part of sawing. We divide the log into 4 sides, each of which extends along the entire length of the log and occupies a certain part of its circumference. The choice of the first face is determined by the position of all the others.

When sawing in a circle and sawing timber, two basic rules apply:

The worst edge of the log is sawn first without any consideration for the taper of the log. Counting the slope of a log means raising or tilting the log so that the saw cuts parallel to the bark. Since this is the worst part of the log, this means that it will produce short boards and a lot of slabs. Since we do not take into account the taper of the log, this gives us the opportunity to do the opposite, the best side The logs should be sawed parallel to the bark, without lifting or tilting the log. This means that from this best part of the log more boards of high quality will come out, which also coincide in length with the length of the log.

First to saw the best edge wood, taking into account the taper of the log. This means that the log needs to be raised or tilted so that the first cut is made parallel to the bark.

The end result of both methods will be approximately the same, but the second method has one advantage. In this case, it is easier for the sawyer to rotate the log, because the open edge is the cleanest and has no defects. In the case of the first rule, the best part of the tree is the part opposite the open edge. It is not visible, and it is impossible to accurately rotate the log. Usually, if the wood is of good quality, then both rules work almost the same. But if you encounter a worse log, it is better to use the second rule.

Sawing soft wood

Many methods used in sawing hardwood, also suitable for soft varieties. But there are also some differences. Of course, safety considerations must take precedence over the desire to produce as much product as possible.

Position the log so that when sawing, minor defects in the material appear inside the lumber, of course, if these defects are not so serious as to affect the strength final product. If possible, you should cut so that all knots and defects are located on one side of the lumber, while the other side remains clean. True, in the case of building materials, a clean surface does not affect the final price of the product. But large branches or defects can affect the strength of the structure.

Select the worst side of the log and start sawing from there, producing short lumber. The first lumber will be the worst and therefore must be short to be salable.

After the log has been sawn from the bad edge along the entire length of the log, you need to move to the opposite edge and cut parallel to the bark. From a good edge, the width of the board being cut should be at least 15 cm. On smaller logs - less than 30 cm in diameter, the first board should be 10 cm wide. Huge logs will have fewer defects inside and therefore do not need to be transferred to large building structures.

You should always turn a log from one side to another if the lumber from the new side is best quality than from the one that was just sawed.

Logs from waste. It is necessary to saw the “ears” in one pass of the saw, then turn the log over onto its “belly”, perhaps at least a few short boards can be made from it.