Universal dividing head for turning and milling machines. Application of dividing heads for milling machines Dividing head for lathe

Turning and milling equipment is designed to carry out work related to the mechanical removal of metal from a workpiece to give it the required shape and size. To perform some work, additional equipment is required, for example, a universal dividing head installed on milling equipment.

Today it is found quite often, as it allows the processing of complex surfaces. Generally, the rotary head for milling machine is manufactured and installed at the time of release of the equipment itself, since choosing the most suitable type of equipment is quite difficult. Let's take a closer look at this device.

Purpose of the equipment

Homemade dividing head for lathe or milling equipment set to offset the part relative to the axis of the installed cutting tool with certain indicators. In this way, it is possible to achieve precise positioning of the tool and the workpiece relative to each other in each position. The device can be used for various types of processing.

In order for work to be carried out with high precision, it is also important to eliminate the possibility of vibration of the device. The most various methods fastenings, it all depends on the design features. The position can be adjusted during operation of the machine using a movable disk or handle.

The capabilities of the equipment in question include the following points:.

For normal processing, such equipment is not required.

Device classification

Dividing head for milling machine table technical parameters determines what kind of work can be carried out on this or that equipment. Considering the classification of the dividing head, we note the following types of device.

Repairing almost every design option is complicated, since you need to know the principle of operation and carry out the manufacture of all parts.

DIY making

The cost of such equipment can be quite large. This is why many people wonder how to make a dividing disk with their own hands. A drawing of the future product is created depending on the characteristics of the equipment on which the dividing head will be installed. In addition, you will need the following components.

Lathe chuck with dial.
Limit screw.
A worm gearbox, which can be obtained by dismantling old machines or made by yourself.

After manufacturing the product, the dividing part is adjusted. To do this, you can use any previously manufactured part. After obtaining certain results, a final calibration is performed, which can significantly improve the processing accuracy.

Using milling heads

The dividing head, which allows the machine to rotate the workpiece at different angles, is good at milling grooves, which can be straight, conical and cylindrical. If the device is properly configured for operation, then along the entire circumference of the required workpiece the grooves will be placed as you need them.

Such heads can be found most often on machines called horizontal milling, but on condition that the customer himself requires it. But on universal milling machines such a detail is required, otherwise such equipment simply will not be able to work.

Types of dividing heads

To ensure high performance of milling machines, very often in large production they use such dividing heads as multi-spindle. But there are other divisions of such a mandatory part for the manufacture and processing of the workpiece.

Types of dividing heads:

Let us briefly describe each of these types. So, simple ones are the simplest type in their design. It is very easy to operate such a dividing part; it does not require any other special knowledge or skills. Even a person who is just starting to work with milling equipment can work with such a head.

Characteristics of a simple dividing head

Typically, such a simple part is well suited for producing and processing those workpieces that need to be produced large quantities and in a short time.

Elements of the dividing part:

Now briefly about the purpose of each element that is used in a milling machine. The end of the spindle helps to secure the part that will be processed. The dial is also attached to the spindle.

All milling masters know that the dial is a dividing disk that allows the heads divide the workpiece into a certain amount parts. which will be equal. But you can try and change this value so that the division occurs into unequal intervals.

A three-jaw chuck can only be on the dividing head spindle if it is positioned vertically. If the spindle is located, then such an element of a simple head design is not needed.

Characteristics of the universal dividing head

The universal part is characterized by complex design. And this indicates that such a dividing part for a milling machine can be used only for single workpieces, but it will not be possible to produce a large series of such workpieces, as was the case with a part of a simple design. You could even say that for this type they use blanks that are only used for some kind of experimentation.

But for repairs, such universal dividing heads are simply ideal. There are several models of dividing parts of a similar design: UDG -200, UDG - 320 and others. But they have all been produced since about 1980.

Characteristics of the optical dividing head

First of all, it is worth noting that indexing heads for optical milling machines are necessary in order to produce accurate angular readings, which Allows for correct unfolding of workpieces. With this design of the dividing head, it is possible to produce cutting tools that will contain many blades.

The optical separation structure may include the following elements: two guitar replacement wheels, tailstock, front center. leash for him, jack, and pads different types, there must be a mandrel in order to secure the parts.

How to set up a dividing head for a milling machine

In order for the machine to work properly and without interruptions, it is necessary to properly prepare the dividing part for the operation of the milling machine. To do this, secure the gear blank you have using nuts. Such a workpiece is secured to a mandrel.

And to do this, they begin to clamp the mandrel in a three-jaw chuck, which is then gradually screwed on on horizontal or vertical spindle the dividing head itself. The other end of the mandrel is supported, using tailstock. After this, the cutter disk is also secured to the spindle mandrel and installed directly in the very center of the workpiece.

But this can only happen if you lift the table. It must be raised to such a height that the central part of the mandrel of the required workpiece is not at the level of the cutter, or rather its lower part. After this, the table begins to move in the transverse direction so that the central part also coincides with the top of the milling tooth.

After this, the table can be lowered and the milling workpiece can be brought in, but in such a way that the sheet that is located between them must be bitten. But do not rush to do the cutting right away, but check again the setup and, accordingly, the settings of the machine.

Dividing heads: types, purpose, characteristics, calculation table

Increase functionality production equipment is possible after installing the dividing head. It is necessary for the production of complex parts and workpieces. This component is often included by default. If it is missing, it is necessary to correctly select the optimal model.

Purpose of the dividing head

To form a part of the desired shape, it may need to be offset relative to the axis of the machine. This can be done using a dividing head. It can be either a separate part of the structure or its component.

The component is mounted on the equipment frame. It has provisions various options fixation of the product, which depend on the type of attachment. The position is adjusted using several handles and a dial. The latter has holes that fix the position of the dividing component.

A similar tool may be needed to perform the following processes:

milling grooves on the surface. This does not require great precision. It is important to control the depth and width of the workpiece;
formation of edges on parts. This is true for non-standard nuts, tools, and shanks. The operation requires high precision;
milling splines and grooves. This often requires significant displacements of the workpiece. Therefore, you should choose a dividing disk model with a minimum error rate.

To increase the speed of work, the part should not be constantly dismantled. Changing its position relative to the machine cutter occurs using the tool described above. Particularly difficult is the formation of helical grooves. This operation can only be performed using an accurate model.

Before purchasing a dividing head for a specific type of equipment, you must check its compatibility with the machine. Any independent alteration of the installation part may affect the quality of the product.

Types of dividing head

Multi-function dividing head

Considering the specifics of the application, you should familiarize yourself in detail with the types and general classification dividing heads. They are mandatory for universal milling machines. The configuration of horizontal milling machines is carried out only when it is necessary to perform complex work.

First of all, you need to decide on the types of work performed on the machine. Special attention is given to the accuracy of their implementation. Next parameter is the complexity and accuracy of setting up equipment for operation. Depending on these factors, you can select models with high accuracy and acceptable error rates. In some cases, such a device is made independently.

There is the following classification of milling dividing heads:

simple. A special feature is its simple setup and ease of control. The main component is the spindle, on which the workpiece is attached on one side, and the second is connected to a special disk (limbo). The surface of the latter has holes (from 2 to 24). With their help, the part is shifted relative to the milling axis;
combined. Control occurs using a handle. The greater the number of clicks, the greater the distance between the central axis of the workpiece and the cutting tool. Used for the manufacture of complex parts;
universal. They are a complex technological complex, the adjustment of which is carried out both using the switching number of the handle and during the movement of the disk itself. This is done by the system gear wheels. This type of DG is called differential.

UDG. This device designation is Universal Dividing Head;
40 – gear ratio value. It shows how many turns of the handle the spindle will rotate 360°;
D250 – maximum permissible size processed workpiece.

UDG class models are most often used to form complex edges and surfaces. They are manufactured according to individual order or are components of universal milling machines.

Rarely encountered optical types are marked ODG-5, where 5 is the price of one division in seconds.

Technical characteristics of UDG

Self-production

One of the disadvantages of factory models is their high cost. Therefore, to perform simple operations, a homemade structure is made. For practical implementation, certain components will be required.

First of all, you will need a worm gearbox. You can pick it up from used machines or grind it yourself. It is also necessary to use a lathe chuck (optimal diameter 65 mm) and a dial. The latter can be taken from old drawing drawing boards. To limit processing, it is recommended to install a locking screw.

Before you start making parts, you need to configure the divider. To do this, you can take any standard part and carve any shape. After comparing it with a similar one, additional adjustment is performed.

The capabilities of the universal DG are shown in the video:

This head is easy to make if you have a lathe in your workshop and welding machine By installing it on any milling machine, you can machine bolt heads, cut splines and keyways, cut gear teeth and perform other operations. All details are shown in the picture. A few clarifications. The base of the head is made of two steel angle sections with a flange width of 120 mm, welded together like this. so that the size between the cheeks is maintained at 70 mm.

The flange with the degree scale has a Ø 114.6 mm, it is chosen so that each degree of the scale corresponds to 1 mm of its circumference. This allows you to get rid of markings - you just need to rivet a piece of steel tape 360 mm long from a tape measure onto the circumference of the flange.

1 - chuck from the TVSh-4 machine, 2 - faceplate, 3 - pointer, 4 - dividing disk, 5 - clamping screw with handle, 6 - body, 7 - bolt, 8 - thrust ring, 9 - spindle, 10 - stand, 11 - key.

The dividing head chuck is from a TVSh-4 lathe. Accordingly, the threaded end of the head spindle is adjusted to the thread in the chuck faceplate.

We continue the topic raised in the article “Torsion bar with eccentric” in No. 8 of our magazine for 1998. IN modern technology Terms borrowed from nature itself are widely used: for example, such as worm, finger, nose, cheek, apron, scarf, sleeve, rib and much more. This category also includes the concepts of eccentricity and eccentricity, associated with strange and unusual phenomena (remember how they talk about clowns). This unusualness often makes it possible to obtain a noticeable positive effect in various designs.

A fastener that is difficult to unscrew (as well as difficult to screw in) (screw or pin) can lead to many troubles, both small and large. The latter can safely include the breakage of a part of a pin or screw in the body of a part, since removing the remainder of the hardware from a threaded hole or socket of a part is a very delicate matter, requiring great care. There can be several reasons for breakage of fasteners: exceeding the tightening torque; use of low-grade threaded products; “sticking9raquo; threads of parts and hardware due to corrosion or high temperature heating and others.

I made this electric planer, so to speak, for myself, when there was a fairly large amount of work involved in harvesting lumber. During operation, the tool showed that it is “tough” even hard rocks wood, and also demonstrated high reliability, comparable to factory samples. The productivity of the tool and the quality of the surfaces planed by it, as I expected, turned out to be much higher than when processing lumber hand tools, and they suited me perfectly.

Anyone who has ever processed a series of identical parts of complex shape on a lathe knows how difficult it is to make their configuration identical. IN high school No. 2 of the city of Donetsk, under the guidance of labor teacher B.F. Otchenashenko, for such purposes the guys developed a cutter, cutting edge which can be modified, adapting to any complex shape workpiece. The cutter is arranged as follows. Two steel holders are connected from below by a steel plate so that a kind of groove is formed. It contains a package of narrow - 1.5-2 mm thick - cutters, which are most conveniently made from old blades from a mechanical hacksaw. The bag is pulled together tightly; for this purpose, two hexagonal head screws are provided on the side wall of the gutter, and the top is closed with a steel lid with three screws.

In practice home handyman There are often cases when it is necessary to drill a hole large diameter, but nothing. In this case, a homemade hollow drill, suitable for non-ferrous metals, plastics, and wood, will help out. It leaves behind a cylindrical blank, which can also be used, and quite a bit of chips.

What types of dividing heads are there for a milling machine?

The dividing milling head is an additional equipment that expands the capabilities of the milling machine in metal work.

Primarily, the milling head is used to produce various instruments- taps, countersinks, reamers, cutters, etc. It is also used when working with profile machine parts - sprockets, gears.

Universal dividing head

The use of such a device allows you to cut grooves and splines on individual surfaces, process the ends of parts, form edges on nuts and bolt heads, and many other technological operations.

When performing work on a vertical milling machine, a vertical milling head with a vertical spindle is used.

1 Types of dividing heads

How additional equipment, for metal work with profile parts, the milling head can be installed on any type of milling machine (horizontal, vertical, universal).

Such devices are divided into several types:

1.1 Simple dividing head

It is used when it becomes necessary to divide the circle along which the workpiece rotates. This type devices have a dividing disk(limb), which is attached to the spindle of the head itself and has holes or spline divisions, numbering 12, 24, 30, for fixing the latch.

Simple dividing head for milling machine

Discs that have 12 holes (divisions) allow you to divide one revolution of the part around its axis into 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 identical parts. The presence of 24 marks allows you to make the same division in next order— 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24 parts. A disk with 30 holes divides the circle of rotation of the part into 2, 3, 5, 6, 15, 30 parts.

Made with your own hands, for specific needs in metal work, discs may have different division parameters, including into unequal parts.

In a simple dividing head, the spindle is turned by a worm gear. The worm wheel, which is mounted on the spindle, acts as a dividing disk with three rows of holes. When the handle, which is located on the same shaft with the worm, rotates, the position of the spindle changes.

Using a Worm Gear allows for smooth rotation, in which the task of getting the pin into the delicate hole on the disk is significantly easier.

Such a device allows division, without any additional mechanisms, by simply turning the disk. This division method is called direct. To perform broader functions, a simple head may not be suitable, so there is another option - a universal one.

1.2 Universal dividing head

Used when it is necessary to install the workpiece at a certain angle relative to the plane of the work table. In this case, it is possible to rotate the part at the required angle around it own axis rotation. An example of use in working with profile parts would be cutting helical grooves on a cylindrical workpiece.

Universal dividing head BS-0

The universal head allows you to perform milling work on metal to obtain the following shapes:

square;
hexagon;
polyhedron;
teeth evenly spaced around the circumference;
other shapes (depending on the markings on the limb).

On a milling machine using UDG you can perform the following operations:

installation of the workpiece at a given angle to the work table;
rotation of the workpiece around its own axis at a given angle;
constant rotation of the part when cutting helical grooves or teeth;
periodic rotation of the workpiece at certain fractions of the circle of rotation.

1.3 Universal dividing head (video)

2 Advantages

Using a dividing head, when working on metal on a milling machine, the following additional functionality can be distinguished:

significantly expand the range of work operations;
process a workpiece that is located in a convenient or in the right position relative to the plane of the table, both vertically and horizontally;
simplify metal work with workpieces of various sizes.

2.1 Classification

Universal dividing heads have their own designation, by which you can identify them main operating parameters:

UDG 100 - processed workpieces with a diameter of 100 mm, dimensions at the base - 260x180 mm, weight - 25 kg;
UDG 125 - it can be used to process workpieces whose maximum diameter does not exceed 125 mm. Base dimensions - 260x180 mm. Weight - 28 kg;
UDG 250 - the maximum permissible diameter of the workpiece being processed is 250 mm, dimensions - 260x180 mm, weight - 53.6 kg;
UDG 320 - the workpiece should not exceed 320 mm in diameter, base dimensions - 2234 mm, weight - 101 kg;
UDG 400 is the largest dividing head, which allows you to work with workpieces with a cross-section of up to 400 mm. Dimensions base - 2234 mm, weight - 106 kg.

All of the above devices have a division value on the dial of 15º.

Universal dividing head UDG-250

Many parameters are the same, since the use of these devices is designed for standard equipment. The difference is mainly in the diameter of the parts being processed - the larger it is, the larger and heavier the device.

Another type of notation is used. For example - UDG 40 D250. This means that the dividing head is universal; for a full revolution of the spindle, you need to turn the handle 40 times, the maximum diameter of the workpiece should not exceed 250 mm.
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2.2 Optical dividing head

Such a device is used to perform particularly precise divisions, and in some cases, to check the correctness of the division performed on another device.

to his appearance, an optical dividing head, is practically no different from its conventional mechanical counterpart. With the exception of one part - a glass disk, which is mounted on a spindle.

At the top of the head there is a microscope eyepiece, in optical system which contains a fixed scale. The division price in it is 1′, and the total number of parts is 60. The divisions are visible so clearly that counting a fraction of ¼ minutes is not difficult.

The spindle rotation angle is calculated in the same way as for a mechanical head. But it should be noted that it is necessary to draw up a table of all successive angles, since they are summed up.
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2.3 Homemade dividing head

For small amounts of metal work done by hand, it makes no sense to buy expensive additional equipment, since the investment will never pay off.

Homemade dividing head

But home craftsmen who have a milling machine at their disposal still need a device such as a dividing head. To create it, you will need a worm gear, a lathe chuck with a diameter of about 65 mm, and a disk (limb).

The layout of these elements is standard; nothing new needs to be invented. The divisions (holes) on the disk are made to suit your individual needs. Everything else is similar to the industrial options.

After assembly homemade design it needs to be adjusted. This is done after the part is made on a milling machine using a homemade dividing head, The parameters are compared with the factory sample.
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2.4 Additional information

Usage various types milling heads allows you to process parts on one machine, while without their use, you need to use several. There is additional equipment for milling machines in the form of the following types of heads:

In turn, they can be manufactured in several versions, for example, with replaceable knives or plates.

Semi-universal dividing head HOMGE BS-0

The angular head also has several design options:

All these additional accessories(angular, boring, slotting heads) significantly increase the accuracy and increase the productivity of milling equipment, as they allow vertical and horizontal processing, as well as work at an angle, without reinstalling the workpiece.

DIY dividing heads

The functionality of a milling machine can be significantly increased by using special equipment called a dividing head. It is used in the production of complex parts, as it allows the workpiece to be rotated by a certain degree, which is set by the machine operator. When purchasing a lathe or milling machine, you can count on the equipment being included. In some cases, you can do it yourself.

Homemade dividing head

Purpose of the equipment

In order to obtain a complex shape, it is often necessary to shift the workpiece relative to the machine axis by a certain angle. It is the dividing head that can be used to solve the assigned problems. It is worth noting that it can become a separate part of a milling or lathe, or its component.

The fastening takes place on the bed of a lathe or other machine. Attachment to the frame can take place in several ways, depending on the type of attachment. The position of the movable element of the equipment for a lathe is set using several handles and a disk. The discs have specific holes that allow you to maintain the position of the tool used to set the angle.

Considered equipment for turning equipment used to solve the following problems:

A milling machine is used to produce grooves on the surface of the part. To control the depth and width, parameters are set that are maintained when processing a large batch.
Edges are formed on the parts. When creating custom-sized nuts, shanks and various tools, you need to use a dividing head, which allows you to set dimensions, angles and other parameters with high accuracy.
Splines and grooves are also quite often surface milled. Often this is done by shifting the workpiece by a certain angle. It should be noted that the dividing head makes it possible to achieve highly accurate dimensions.

The above points determine that the equipment in question is often simply irreplaceable. You can make it yourself for milling and turning equipment.

Can I do it myself?

The cost of the industrial design device in question is quite high, which is associated with the use of expensive materials and modern equipment in production. You can make a dividing head with your own hands, for which several points should be taken into account. To do simple work, many people decide to do swivel mechanism with your own hands.

To create the element in question, the following components are needed:

First you need a worm gearbox. Often it is taken from the old technical equipment, and also grind it yourself. The worm gearbox is important element designs. Therefore, you need to pay attention to the quality of the design. The presence of even the slightest defects is unacceptable;
You will also need a lathe chuck and a dial. The optimal diameter of the lathe chuck is 65 millimeters. They can be taken from a drawing board;
In order to limit the processing progress, a locking screw is installed.

The design itself has many features that should be taken into account when making it yourself.

Classification

There is a certain classification of the system for shifting the workpiece at a certain angle:

Simple - This design option is quite simple to create, easy to set up and use. The main elements can be called the spindle on which the workpiece is attached, and the second is the dial, which has several holes on the surface. The design is simple and reliable, but cannot be used to obtain ultra-precise parts.
Combined - control is performed using a handle. The number of presses affects how much the workpiece deviates from the central axis. Combined option execution is used in the production of complex devices.
Universal - this device is a complex technological complex, which is controlled by a handle and a dividing disk. The design has several gear systems. In some cases, this DG is called differential.

Scheme of motion transmission at differential method division Kinematic diagram when setting up for cutting helical grooves
Kinematic diagram when setting up for differential division Kinematic diagram of a simple division dividing head

The above points should be taken into account when considering which device can be used for processing workpieces.

Specifications

A homemade dividing head must have certain technical characteristics, among which we note:

maximum diameter or overall dimensions of the workpiece. This parameter is quite important. It should be taken into account when creating a homemade dividing head. the maximum diameter is indicated for turning equipment, for milling equipment the width, length and height are indicated, that is, linear dimensions;
worm pair ratio;
replacement wheel diameter;
output spindle diameter;
diameter of the cartridge used;
the price of one division of the dial. A dial is necessary to rotate the workpiece by a certain degree. The division value indicates the accuracy of the equipment;
maximum width of keys. Milling equipment is often used to create dowels on a surface. A homemade dividing head is needed to form several keys;
weight of the structure. This parameter determines the difficulty of using the structure.

Dividing head device

It is worth considering that a homemade dividing head can have varying degrees of accuracy.

Why do they do it themselves?

When considering a homemade version, the following points should be taken into account:

The device has a low cost due to the use of used elements.
All work can be done independently without using the services of a qualified specialist.
The reliability of the device can depend on many things. When performing work, you should control the quality of assembly at every stage
Use homemade version execution is possible only when producing a small number of parts, the accuracy of which is less.
Maintainability can be called an advantage of the device.

The disadvantages include the fact that the design does not allow obtaining parts of high quality and dimensional accuracy.

In conclusion, we note that the cost of the industrial version is quite high, but it also lasts much longer than home-made equipment. Only with certain experience can you create a homemade dividing head.

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Purpose of the equipment

The considered equipment for turning equipment is used to solve the following problems:

A milling machine is used to produce grooves on the surface of the part. To control the depth and width, parameters are set that are maintained when processing a large batch.
Edges are formed on the parts. When creating custom-sized nuts, shanks and various tools, you need to use a dividing head, which allows you to set dimensions, angles and other parameters with high accuracy.
Splines and grooves are also quite often surface milled. Often this is done by shifting the workpiece by a certain angle. It should be noted that the dividing head makes it possible to achieve highly accurate dimensions.

The above points determine that the equipment in question is often simply irreplaceable. You can make it yourself for milling and turning equipment.

Can I do it myself?

The cost of the industrial design device in question is quite high, which is associated with the use of expensive materials and modern equipment in production. You can make a dividing head with your own hands, for which several points should be taken into account. To perform simple work, many people decide to make a turning mechanism with their own hands.

To create the element in question, the following components are needed:

First you need a worm gearbox. Often it is taken from old technical equipment, and it can also be turned independently. The worm gearbox is an important design element. Therefore, you need to pay attention to the quality of the design. The presence of even the slightest defects is unacceptable;
You will also need a lathe chuck and a dial. The optimal diameter of the lathe chuck is 65 millimeters. They can be taken from a drawing board;
In order to limit the processing progress, a locking screw is installed.

The design itself has many features that should be taken into account when making it yourself.

Classification

There is a certain classification of the system for shifting the workpiece at a certain angle:

Simple - This design option is quite simple to create, easy to set up and use. The main elements can be called the spindle on which the workpiece is attached, and the second is the dial, which has several holes on the surface. The design is simple and reliable, but cannot be used to obtain ultra-precise parts.
Combined - control is performed using a handle. The number of presses affects how much the workpiece deviates from the central axis. The combined version is used in the production of complex devices.
Universal - this device is a complex technological complex, which is controlled by a handle and a dividing disk. The design has several gear systems. In some cases, this DG is called differential.

The above points should be taken into account when considering which device can be used for processing workpieces.

Specifications

A homemade dividing head must have certain technical characteristics, among which we note:

maximum diameter or overall dimensions of the workpiece. This parameter is quite important. It should be taken into account when creating a homemade dividing head. the maximum diameter is indicated for turning equipment, for milling equipment the width, length and height are indicated, that is, linear dimensions;
worm pair ratio;
replacement wheel diameter;
output spindle diameter;
diameter of the cartridge used;
the price of one division of the dial. A dial is necessary to rotate the workpiece by a certain degree. The division value indicates the accuracy of the equipment;
maximum width of keys. Milling equipment is often used to create dowels on a surface. A homemade dividing head is needed to form several keys;
weight of the structure. This parameter determines the difficulty of using the structure.

It is worth considering that a homemade dividing head can have varying degrees of accuracy.

Why do they do it themselves?

When considering a homemade version, the following points should be taken into account:

The device has a low cost due to the use of used elements.
All work can be done independently without using the services of a qualified specialist.
The reliability of the device can depend on many things. When performing work, you should control the quality of assembly at every stage
You can use a homemade version only when producing a small number of parts, the accuracy of which is less.
Maintainability can be called an advantage of the device.

The disadvantages include the fact that the design does not allow obtaining parts of high quality and dimensional accuracy.

The dividing milling head is an additional equipment that expands the capabilities of the milling machine in metal work.

First of all, the milling head is used for the production of various tools - taps, countersinks, reamers, cutters, etc. It is also used when working with profile machine parts - sprockets, gears.

The use of such a device allows you to cut grooves and splines on individual surfaces, process the ends of parts, form edges on nuts and bolt heads, and many other technological operations.

When performing work on a vertical milling machine, a vertical milling head with a vertical spindle is used.

1 Types of dividing heads

As additional equipment for metal work with profile parts, the milling head can be installed on any type of milling machine (horizontal, vertical, universal).

Such devices are divided into several types:

simple;
universal;
optical.

1.1 Simple dividing head

Discs that have 12 holes (divisions) allow you to divide one revolution of the part around its axis into 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 identical parts. The presence of 24 marks allows you to make the same division in the following order - 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24 parts. A disk with 30 holes divides the circle of rotation of the part into 2, 3, 5, 6, 15, 30 parts.

Made with your own hands, for specific needs in metal work, discs may have different division parameters, including into unequal parts.

Using a Worm Gear allows for smooth rotation, in which the task of getting the pin into the delicate hole on the disk is significantly easier.

1.2

Used when it is necessary to install the workpiece at a certain angle relative to the plane of the work table. In this case, it is possible to rotate the part at the required angle around its own axis of rotation. An example of use in working with profile parts would be cutting helical grooves on a cylindrical workpiece.

The universal head allows you to perform milling work on metal to obtain the following shapes:

square;
hexagon;
polyhedron;
teeth evenly spaced around the circumference;
other shapes (depending on the markings on the limb).

On a milling machine using UDG you can perform the following operations:

installation of the workpiece at a given angle to the work table;
rotation of the workpiece around its own axis at a given angle;
constant rotation of the part when cutting helical grooves or teeth;
periodic rotation of the workpiece at certain fractions of the circle of rotation.

1.3 Universal dividing head (video)

2 Advantages

Using a dividing head, when working on metal on a milling machine, the following additional functionality can be distinguished:

significantly expand the range of work operations;
process a workpiece that is located in a convenient or desired position relative to the table plane, both vertically and horizontally;
simplify metal work with workpieces of various sizes.

2.1 Classification

Universal dividing heads have their own designation, by which you can identify them main operating parameters:

UDG 100 - processed workpieces with a diameter of 100 mm, dimensions at the base - 260x180 mm, weight - 25 kg;
UDG 125 - it can be used to process workpieces whose maximum diameter does not exceed 125 mm. Base dimensions - 260x180 mm. Weight - 28 kg;
UDG 250 - the maximum permissible diameter of the workpiece being processed is 250 mm, dimensions - 260x180 mm, weight - 53.6 kg;
UDG 320 - the workpiece should not exceed 320 mm in diameter, base dimensions - 290x234 mm, weight - 101 kg;
UDG 400 is the largest dividing head, which allows you to work with workpieces with a cross-section of up to 400 mm. Overall dimensions of the base - 290x234 mm, weight - 106 kg.

All of the above devices have a division value on the dial of 15º.

2.2 Optical dividing head

Such a device is used to perform particularly precise divisions, and in some cases, to check the correctness of the division performed on another device.

In appearance, the optical dividing head is practically no different from its conventional mechanical counterpart. With the exception of one part - a glass disk, which is mounted on a spindle.

At the top of the head there is a microscope eyepiece, in the optical system of which a fixed scale is placed. The division price in it is 1", and the total number of parts is 60. The divisions are visible so clearly that counting a fraction of ¼ minutes is not difficult.

The spindle rotation angle is calculated in the same way as for a mechanical head. But it should be noted that it is necessary to draw up a table of all successive angles, since they are summed up.

2.3

For small amounts of metal work done by hand, it makes no sense to buy expensive additional equipment, since the investment will never pay off.

After assembling the homemade structure, it is necessary to adjust it. This is done after the part is made on a milling machine using a homemade dividing head, The parameters are compared with the factory sample.

2.4 Additional information

The use of different types of milling heads allows you to process parts on one machine, while without their use, it is necessary to use several. There is additional equipment for milling machines in the form of the following types of heads:

corner;
boring;
slotting.

In turn, they can be manufactured in several versions, for example, with replaceable knives or plates.

The angular head also has several design options:

90º head:
modular type;
universal.

All these additional devices (angular, boring, slotting heads) significantly increase the accuracy and increase the productivity of milling equipment, as they allow vertical and horizontal processing, as well as work at an angle, without reinstalling the workpiece.

When processing teeth, splines, grooves, cutting helical grooves and other operations on milling machines, dividing heads are often used. Dividing heads, as devices, are used on cantilever universal milling and wide-universal machines. There are simple and universal dividing heads.

Simple dividing heads are used to directly divide the circle of rotation of the workpiece. The dividing disk of such heads is fixed on the head spindle and has divisions in the form of slots or holes (in the number of 12, 24 and 30) for the latch latch. Discs with 12 holes allow you to divide one revolution of the workpiece into 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 parts, with 24 holes - into 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 parts, and with 30 holes - into 2 , 3, 5, 6, 15, 30 parts. Specially manufactured dividing disks of the head can be used for other division numbers, including for dividing into unequal parts.

Universal dividing heads are used to set the workpiece at the required angle relative to the machine table, rotate it around its axis at certain angles, and impart continuous rotation to the workpiece when milling helical grooves.

In the domestic industry, universal dividing heads of the UDG type are used on cantilever universal milling machines (Fig. 1, a). Figure 1, 6 shows auxiliary accessories for dividing heads of the UDG type.

On widely-universal tool milling machines, dividing heads are used that are structurally different from dividing heads of the UDG type (they are equipped with a trunk for installing the rear center and, in addition, have some differences in the kinematic diagram). The settings for both types of heads are identical.

As an example in Fig. 1, a shows a diagram of processing a workpiece by milling using a universal dividing head. The workpiece / is installed on a reference in the centers of the spindle 6 of the head 2. and the tailstock 8. Modular disk cutter 7 receives rotation from the spindle of the milling machine, and the machine table receives the working longitudinal feed. After each periodic rotation of the gear blank, the cavity between adjacent teeth is machined. After processing the cavity, the table quickly moves to its original position.

Rice. 1. Universal dividing head UDG: a - diagram of the installation of the workpiece in the dividing head (1 - workpiece; 2 - head; 3 - handle; 4 - disk; 5 - hole; 6 - spindle; 7 - cutter; 8 - headstock); b - accessories for the dividing head (1 - spindle roller; 2 - front center with a driver; 3 - jack; 4 - clamp; 5 - rigid center mandrel: 6 - cantilever mandrel; 7 - rotary plate). The cycle of movements is repeated until all the teeth of the wheel are completely processed. To install and fix the workpiece in the working position using the dividing head, rotate its spindle 6 with handle 3 along the dividing disk 4 with the dial. If the axis of the handle 3 gets into the corresponding hole of the dividing disk, spring device the heads are fixed by handle 3. On the disk on both sides there are 11 circles concentrically located with the numbers of holes 25, 28, 30, 34, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, ^7, 49, 51, 53 , 54, 57, 58, 59, 62, 66. Kinematic schemes universal dividing heads are shown in Fig. 2. In universal dial dividing heads, the rotation of handle 1 (Fig. 2, a-c) relative to dial 2 is transmitted through gears Zs, Z6 and a worm gear Z7, Zs to the spindle. The heads are configured for direct, simple and differential division.

Rice. 2. Kinematic diagrams of universal dividing heads: a, b, c - limb; g - without limbs; 1 - handle; 2 - dividing dial; 3 - stationary disk. The direct division method is used to divide a circle into 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24, 30 and 36 parts. When dividing directly, the rotation angle is counted using a 360" graduated disk with a division value V. The vernier allows this measurement to be carried out with an accuracy of up to 5". The angle a, degrees, of rotation of the spindle when dividing into z parts is determined by the formula
a=3600/z
where z is the specified number of divisions.

With each rotation of the head spindle, to the reading corresponding to the position of the spindle before rotation, add a value equal to the value of angle a found by formula (5.1). The universal dividing head (its diagram is shown in Fig. 2, a) provides simple division by z equal parts, which is performed by rotating the handle relative to the stationary disk according to the following kinematic chain:
1/z=пp(z5/z6)(z7/z8)
Where (z5/z6)(z7/z8) = 1/N; pr - number of handle revolutions; N - head characteristic (usually N=40).

Then
1/z=пp(1/N)
Where pp=N/z=A/B
Here A is the number of holes through which you need to turn the handle, and B is the number of holes on one of the circles of the dividing disk. Sector 5 (see Fig. 5.12, a) is moved apart by an angle corresponding to the number A of holes, and the rulers are fastened. If the left ruler of the sliding sector 5 rests against the handle latch, then the right one is aligned with the hole into which the latch must be inserted during the next turn, after which the right ruler rests against the latch. For example, if you need to configure a dividing head for milling the teeth of a cylindrical wheel with Z = 100, with a head characteristic of N = 40, then we get
pr - N/z = A/B = 40/100 = 4/10 = 2/5 = 12/30, i.e. A = 12 and B = 30.

Consequently, the circumference of the dividing disk with the number of holes B = 30 is used, and the sliding sector is set to the number of holes A = 12. In cases where it is impossible to select a dividing disk with the required number of holes, differential division is used. If there is no number z on disk the required number holes, take the number zf (actual), close to s, for which there is a corresponding number of holes. The discrepancy (l/z- l/zph) is compensated by additional rotation of the head spindles to this equality, which can be positive (additional rotation of the spindle is directed in that direction same side as the main one) or negative (additional rotation in the opposite direction). This correction is carried out by additional rotation of the dividing disk relative to the handle, i.e. if when simple division the handle is rotated relative to the stationary disk, then during differential division the handle is rotated relative to the slowly rotating disk in the same (or opposite) direction. From the head spindle, rotation is transmitted to the disk through replaceable wheels a-b, c-d (see Fig. 2, b) a conical pair Z9 and Z10 and gears Z3 and Z4.
The amount of additional rotation of the handle is:
prl = N(1/z-1/zф)=1/z(a/b(c/d)(z9/z10)(z3/z4)
We accept (z9/z10)(z3/z6) = C (usually C = I).
Then (a/b)(c/d)=N/C((zф-z)/zф))

Let's say you want to set up a dividing head for milling the teeth of a cylindrical wheel with g = 99. It is known that N-40 and C = 1. The number of handle revolutions for simple division is PF-40/99. Considering that the dividing disk does not have a circle with the number of holes 99, we take t = 100 and the number of handle revolutions is PF-40/100 = 2/5 = 12/30, i.e. . We take a disk with the number of holes on the circle B = 30 and turn the handle into 12 holes (A = 12) when dividing. The gear ratio of replacement wheels is determined by the equation
and = (a/b)(c/d) = N/C= (zф-z)/z) = (40/1)((100 - 99)/100) = 40/30 = (60/30) x (25/125).
Dividing heads without dials (see Fig. 2) do not have dividing disks. The handle is turned one turn and fixed on a fixed disk 3. With a simple division into equal parts, the kinematic chain has the form:
Considering that z3/z4=N,
We get (a2/b2)(c2/d2)=N/z