... Young trees are easier to make grow one way or another than mature tree; in the same way, youth can be directed to all good things in the first years of his life much more quickly than later (Ya. A. Komensky Czech teacher - humanist, writer, public figure, the founder of scientific pedagogy of the 16th century).

This quotation is taken from The Maternal School, or on the Careful Education of Youth in the First Six Years. One of the chapters (XII) is devoted specifically to preparing children for school. It is precisely such as young trees that come to our school, young talents.

The second generation educational standards have significantly upgraded the learning process at school, and it seems that the requirements for children entering the first grade are getting tougher every year. Is it really so difficult to prepare a child for studying in a modern school?

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E. V. Kindyakova

WHAT SHOULD A FUTURE FIRST GRADE STUDENT KNOW?

... Young trees are easier to make grow one way or another than a mature tree; in the same way, youth can be directed to all good things in the first years of their life much more quickly than later.(Ya. A. Comenius, Czech teacher - humanist, writer, public figure, founder of scientific pedagogy of the 16th century).

This quotation is taken from The Maternal School, or on the Careful Education of Youth in the First Six Years. One of the chapters (XII) is devoted specifically to preparing children for school. It is precisely such as young trees that come to our school, young talents.

The second generation educational standards have significantly upgraded the learning process at school, and it seems that the requirements for children entering the first grade are getting tougher every year. Is it really so difficult to prepare a child for studying in a modern school? There are many opinions. Consider the standard requirements for first-graders in Russian schools, approximate characteristics graduate kindergarten, i.e. a child entering grade 1, according to the Federal State Educational Standard - the federal state educational standard of the second generation.

What should a child who goes to the first grade of school know and be able to do?

For the qualitative preparation of the baby for educational activities, one should act in several directions. A future first-grader needs to have elementary knowledge about himself, his parents and the structure of the world around him, have basic counting skills and developed speech.

So, what should a future first grader know and be able to do in various fields?

General outlook

A 7-year-old child is already developed enough to name without hesitation:

• your first name, last name and patronymic;
• your age and date of birth;
• surname, name and patronymic of parents, their occupation and place of work;
• the names of other family members and who they are to him;
• your address - city / town / village, street, house, entrance, floor, apartment - and home phone number (if any);
• the country in which he lives and its capital;
• the main attractions of your city/town/village;
• primary colors and their shades;
• parts of the human body;
• items of clothing, shoes, hats (and understand the difference between them);
• professions, sports;
• types of land, water, air transport;
• famous Russian folk tales;
• great Russian poets and writers (A. L. Barto, S. Ya. Marshak, A. S. Pushkin, L. N. Tolstoy, S. A. Yesenin, etc.) and their most famous works.

In addition, a child entering school must know the rules of behavior in public places and on the street. All this knowledge with constant communication with parents, reading books together and discussing the world around your child to school age surely there are.

Motivational readiness

• Ready for learning, ready for serious work,
• learns with interest, wants to learn new things,
• perceives new things with interest in the form of not only a bright cartoon, but also an adult story read in a book by one of the adults,
• likes to think and fantasize,
• shows interest in a variety of issues of life,
• neat, carefully handles any of his, and then school things.

Mathematics, counting

• know the numbers from 0 to 9;
• be able to name numbers within 10 in forward and reverse order (from 5 to 9, from 8 to 4, etc.);
• be able to name a number within 10, preceding the named and following it (neighbors of the number);
• understand the meaning of the signs "+", "-", "=", ">", "
• be able to indicate the number of objects using numbers;
• be able to compare the number of items in two groups;
• solve and compose simple addition and subtraction problems within 10;
• know the names of geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval, rhombus);
• be able to compare objects by size, shape, color and group them according to this feature;
• navigate in terms of “left-right-top-bottom”, “before”, “between”, “behind” on a sheet of paper in a cage and in space.

To help your child master counting and numbers, count together household items, birds, people in clothes more often. certain color, cars, houses. Ask him simple tasks: you have 2 apples and 3 pears - how many fruits do you have in total? I gave you 6 sweets, h - you ate, how much is left? In addition to counting skills, in this way you will teach your child to perceive the task by ear, which will definitely come in handy in his studies. Write together printed numbers on paper, with chalk on a blackboard, lay them out of pebbles, write with a stick in the sand.

Motor skills, preparation of the hand for writing

Future first grader should be able to:

• correctly hold a pencil, pen, brush;
• fold geometric figures from counting sticks, fold the figures according to the pattern;
• draw geometric shapes;
• paint over with a pencil and hatch the figures in different directions, without going beyond the contours;
• draw a straight horizontal or vertical line without a ruler;
• write in block letters;
• carefully cut out of paper (cut a sheet of paper into stripes or geometric shapes - squares, rectangles, triangles, cut along the contour not only rectangles and squares, but circles, ovals);
• sculpt from plasticine and clay;
• glue and make applications from colored paper.

Developed motor skills not only help the child perform the necessary creative tasks at school, but is also closely related to mastering the skill of writing and the quality of speech. Therefore, be sure to do modeling and drawing at home, collect puzzles, create jewelry and crafts together - fortunately, development aids fine motor skills exists now great amount. Use any handy tool home and any free time, even during the preparation of dinner in the kitchen. Mix beans and peas in a plate, ask the child to sort it out. What is the difference between beans and peas? What color is she? What is the form?

Speech development

• Consistently expresses his thoughts, knows how to compose a story from a picture;
• Uses in his speech not only nouns and verbs, but also enough adjectives, there are pronouns, numerals, etc.;
• Correctly builds a sentence, puts words in order, coordinating with each other;
• Pronounces all sounds correctly, there are no speech therapy problems;
• Distinguishes sounds in a word.

In preparing for school, more important than the skill of reading is teaching the child to understand the text read, analyze it, answer questions about the text, and ask questions on the merits. Read together good kind fairy tales, stories about nature and animals. Play with words: name words starting with a certain letter or those in which it occurs, make words from given letters, divide words into syllables and highlight sounds.

The world

Consider what a first grader should know about the world around him when going to school. The child needs:

• to distinguish between domestic and wild animals, to be able to name the cubs of animals, to know which animals live in the south and which ones in the north;
• know wild and domestic animals;
• name several (2-3) wintering and migratory birds, distinguish birds by appearance(woodpecker, sparrow, titmouse, swallow, dove, crow, etc.);
• know and distinguish plants characteristic of native land, and name their features (spruce, birch, pine, larch, sunflower, clover, chamomile, etc.);
• know names 2-3 indoor plants;
• know the names of vegetables, fruits, berries;
• have an idea about various natural phenomena;
• name in the correct sequence - days of the week, months, seasons, and also know the main signs of each season (spring - the buds on the trees bloom, the snow melts, the first flowers appear), be able to name the spring months, winter, summer and autumn. Tell rhymes and be able to guess riddles about the seasons.

The child receives all these skills from daily communication with the closest people in his life, his parents, grandparents. There are times when a child has difficulty remembering the days of the week, the sequence of seasons, in such cases, use rhymes and rhymes in a beautiful children's book. Of course, this material can also be found on the Internet, but the child will not get emotional pleasure from communicating with a new illustrated children's book. When buying a book for a child, look at the illustrations - they should be kind and understandable; font - it should be easy to read. Very soon the child will learn to read and re-read the books you read with great pleasure.

What else should a future first grader be able to do?

The skills listed above are mainly related to learning skills, but during the first grader’s studies, others will come in handy, which are important for normal adaptation to school and public life generally.

So, what else should a child be able to do when going to school:

1. Understand and accurately complete the tasks of an adult from 5-6 teams.
2. Act according to the model.
3. Act at a given pace, without errors, first under dictation, and then independently, for 4-5 minutes (for example, an adult asks to draw a pattern of shapes: “circle - square - circle - square”, and then the child continues to draw a pattern for some time already myself).
4. See cause and effect relationships between phenomena.
5. Attentively, without being distracted, listen or engage in monotonous activities (coloring, drawing, solving puzzles, sculpting, etc.) 20-30 minutes.
6. Memorize and name from memory shapes, words, pictures, symbols, numbers (6-10 pieces).
7. Save correct posture, sitting at the table for 15 - 20 minutes (feet on the floor, back straight, elbows on the table).
8. Perform basic physical exercises(squats, jumps, bends, etc.), play simple sports games.
9. Feel free to be in a team of children and adults.
10. Be able to communicate politely with adults: say hello (“Hello”, not “Hello” or “Hi”), say goodbye, do not interrupt, correctly ask for help (say “Please”) and thank you for the help provided, apologize if necessary.
11. For a boy - let girls and women go forward, open the door for them, help.
12. Speak calmly, without shouting and unnecessary emotions.
13. To independently put on outerwear and sportswear with partial help from adults (tie a scarf, help fasten a zipper or the first button on a shirt, etc.)
14. Keep your appearance neat and clean personal belongings (add paper handkerchiefs and wet wipes to the list of necessary things for a student). Wash hands with soap after walking and going to the toilet, before eating. Comb your hair, brush your teeth, use a handkerchief.
15. Orient yourself in time.

What should be the future first-grader according to GEF?

federal state educational standard(FGOS) preschool education defines the "portrait" of a graduate of a preschool educational institution, and, consequently, a future first grader. The emphasis on knowledge and skills in it is shifted to the level of general culture, the presence of qualities that “ensure social success”. This is how an older preschooler, ready to study at school, is presented in the recommendations for the Federal State Educational Standard:

• Physically developed, mastered basic cultural and hygienic skills

The child has formed the basic physical qualities and the need for physical activity. Independently performs age-appropriate hygiene procedures, observes elementary rules healthy lifestyle life.

• Curious, active, interested in new, unknown in the world around

Interested in the new, unknown in the world around him (the world of objects and things, the world of relations and his inner world). Asks questions to an adult, likes to experiment. Able to act independently (in everyday life, in various types children's activities). When in trouble, seek help from an adult. Takes a lively, interested part in the educational process.

• Emotionally responsive

The preschooler responds to the emotions of loved ones and friends. Empathizes with the characters of fairy tales, stories, stories. Emotionally reacts to works visual arts, musical and works of art, natural world.

• Possessing means of communication and ways of interacting with adults and peers

The child adequately uses verbal and non-verbal means communication, owns dialogical speech and constructive ways of interacting with children and adults (negotiates, exchanges objects, distributes actions in cooperation).

• Able to manage their behavior and plan their actions aimed at achieving a specific goal

A child based on primary value ideas, observing elementary generally accepted norms and rules of behavior. The child's behavior is mainly determined not by momentary desires and needs, but by the requirements of adults and primary value ideas about "what is good and what is bad." The child is able to plan his actions aimed at achieving a specific goal. Follows the rules of conduct on the street ( road rules), in public places (transport, shop, clinic, theater, etc.)

• Able to solve intellectual and personal tasks (problems) adequate to age

The child can apply independently acquired knowledge and methods of activity to solve new tasks (problems) set both by adults and by himself; depending on the situation, it can transform the ways of solving problems (problems). The child is able to offer his own idea and translate it into a drawing, building, story, etc.

• Has primary ideas about himself, family, society, state, world and nature

The child has an idea of ​​himself, his own belonging and the belonging of other people to a certain gender; about the composition of the family, kinship and relationships, the distribution of family responsibilities, family traditions; about society, cultural property; about the state and belonging to it; about the world.

• Owns the universal prerequisites for learning activities

Possessing the ability to work according to the rule and model, listen to an adult and follow his instructions.

• Having mastered the necessary skills and abilities

The child has formed the skills necessary for the implementation of various types of children's activities.

It should be remembered that the good readiness of the child for school is the key to success, calm, quick and positive adaptation to the school and the teacher. Therefore, the main thing is the psychological readiness of the child to start schooling and the desire to acquire new knowledge. Calm perception of all changes in the child's life, first of all, by adults, without excitement and intimidation of the child by the school, the teacher. It is possible to train, test and “train” but try to do it without fanaticism. With love, believe in the success of your future first-grader and instill this confidence in him!

“The most, apparently, simple and ordinary objects are often, in their essence, the most important and great…” (V. G. Belinsky)

Slides captions:

Last name, first name. - Date of Birth. - Your age. - Name and patronymic of parents. - Home address. - What country does he live in? - Knowledge of animals (wild, domestic, northern and southern countries). - Knowledge of plants. - Knowledge of professions, sports, transport. - Life of people. - Be able to explain patterns natural phenomena. - Seasons, months by seasons, days of the week.
be able to distinguish in appearance the plants common in our area (for example, spruce, pine, birch, oak, sunflower, chamomile) and name them features; be able to distinguish between wild and domestic animals (bear, squirrel, cow, hare, goat); be able to distinguish birds by their appearance (for example, woodpecker, sparrow, magpie); have an idea about the seasonal signs of nature (for example, autumn - yellow and red leaves on the trees, withering grass, harvesting ...); know the names of 1-3 indoor plants; know the names of the 12 months of the year; know the names of all the days of the week. in what country does he live, in what city, on what street, in what house; full names family members, have general concepts about their various activities; know the rules of conduct in public places and on the street.
Children should: - have an idea about seasonal changes in nature; - determine the state of the weather: sunny, cloudy, snowing.
Children should know: - the name of our country and its capital; - flag, coat of arms of Russia; - the name of the native city, village, your address. Children should have an idea: - about national holidays; - about the work of people in the city and countryside. Children should be able to talk about their family.
Children should have an idea: - about domestic and wild animals; - about migratory and wintering birds; - about the dependence of changes in living nature on changes in inanimate nature.
Children should have an idea: - about the conditions necessary for the growth of plants; - about wild berries and mushrooms; - about vegetables and fruits; - about trees, shrubs and flowers. Children should be able to distinguish and name trees by bark, leaves, fruits.
Children should be able to: - distinguish and name the parts of the day and their sequence; - understand the meaning of the concepts "yesterday", "today", "tomorrow"; - know the days of the week, their sequence; - be able to name the months of the year.
- Know the numbers (from 0 to 9). - Say numbers forward and backward. - Solve basic addition and subtraction problems. - Correlate the number and the number of objects. - Navigate on a sheet of paper in a cage (graphic dictation). Children should know: - the composition of the numbers of the first ten (from individual units); - composition of numbers from two smaller ones.
Stability (comparison of 2 pictures with 10-15 differences). - Switching. - Distribution.
- Repeat 10 words or numbers. - Memorization of pictures, figures, symbols (up to 10 pcs.). - Retelling of texts.
- Definition of the fourth superfluous. - Classification, generalization. - Similarities/differences. - Ability to decide logical tasks. - Addition of figures from parts. - Addition of counting sticks. - Constructions from cubes according to the drawing, the account of the used cubes.
Children should be able to: - compare, group, classify objects; - name the materials from which they are made; - understand the meaning of generalizing words.
Children should be able to: - walk straight and firmly, run, jump; - accurately catch and throw the ball; - for some time to wear not very light things, large objects; - fasten buttons, tie shoelaces.
Children should be able to: - draw straight, not trembling lines; - "see" the line and write in it; - see the cells and accurately draw on them.
- Correctly hold a pen, pencil, brush. - Be able to draw a straight line. - Write printed letter according to the sample. - Cut out of paper. - Glue carefully. - Draw both individual samples and plot pictures. - Sculpt both individual images and whole compositions. - Create applications.
Understand and complete tasks accurately
Act according to the model, at a given pace
See cause and effect relationships
Listen carefully, keep track of time.
Remember and call from memory
Maintain correct posture, monitor the accuracy of your ext. kind
Do basic physical exercises
Feel free to be in a team
Be able to communicate politely with adults, speak calmly
Boy - let girls and women go ahead,
If necessary, apply for medical care
Physically developed Curious, active, interested in new things, Emotionally responsive Having mastered the means of communication and ways of interaction Able to manage one’s behavior Able to solve intellectual and personal tasks (problems) Having primary ideas about oneself, family, society, state, world and nature Having mastered the universal prerequisites for educational activity Having mastered the necessary skills and skills

What should a first-grader know and be able to do when entering the 1st grade of a school.

A future first-grader should be able to count up to 100 units and tens (10, 20, 30, 40 ...), name numbers in direct (from 1 to 10) and reverse order (from 1 0 to 1), correlate a given number of objects with a number , determine by ear the missing number, name it, determine the previous and subsequent number to the named or indicated by a number. It’s good if the baby answers immediately, without the help of an adult, to questions such as: “how much?”, “Where is the place?”.

Number Composition

Child preschool age must be able to compose numbers within 10 of units on a visual basis, explain that, for example, 5 is 1, 1, 1, 1 and another 1, or 1 0 consists of 10 units.

In order for the child to understand what numbers it consists of given number, he must be able to decompose it into two smaller numbers (to begin with, within 10 and on a visual basis) and make a larger number from two smaller ones. For example: the number 8 consists of 4 and 4 or 3 and 5; and, conversely, the numbers 5 and 5 make up the number 10. The child must be able to determine the missing component number. For example, the number 7 consists of 4 and ...? The child must name the number 3.

It’s good if the baby knows how to make numbers within 20. And within 100, it will be enough for him to be able to make numbers in tens. For example: 60 consists of six tens, etc.

Number Comparison

A preschool child should be able to compare numbers visually and verbally. It’s good if the baby knows how to compare both adjacent and non-adjacent numbers. For example, six is ​​greater than five and five is less than six; two is less than eight and eight is greater than two.

The child should be able to understand the difference comparison of numbers. For example, five is less than six by one, and six is ​​greater than five by one.

It’s good if the baby knows how to get equality from inequality or inequality from equality, adding one object to a smaller number or removing one from more one item For example, five is less than six: if you add one more item to five items, then there will be six items each, that is, equally; six is ​​more than five: if one of the six objects is removed, then there will be five, that is, equally.

By this age, children should recognize and understand such mathematical signs, like greater than (>), less than (<), равно (=), уметь пользоваться ими.

Solution of examples

A preschool child should be able to solve examples for addition and subtraction within twenty, as well as within a hundred by tens. It is good if the child is able to make calculations in his mind within the first ten, without relying on visual material. More complex examples within the second ten can be solved by the child with the help of counting sticks or other counting material.

A preschooler should know and be able to write mathematical signs "+", "-", "="; distinguish and name arithmetic operations - "addition" and "subtraction"; independently write examples under the dictation of an adult.

Problem solving

A preschool child should be able to compose and solve mathematical problems for addition and subtraction, as well as write down their solution and know the mathematical signs "+", "-", "=".

It is good if a preschooler knows how to single out its components in a task: condition, question, solution, answer; understands that it is impossible to solve the problem if there is no condition or question.

By the time of entering school, the child should be able to solve not only problems accompanied by illustrations, but also perceive problems by ear or read the condition and the question on their own.

Logic tasks

The development of logical thinking is one of the important conditions for the successful teaching of a child in mathematics. In this section, you will find several types of logical problems that are usually given to future first graders in school testing.

A preschool child should be able to solve entertaining problems with mathematical meaning. Some problems are solved with the help of arithmetic operations, others - with the help of logical reasoning.

Tasks for logical thinking encourage the child to think, reason, analyze, establish connections between phenomena.

Geometry

A preschool child should be able to distinguish between geometric shapes (circle, square, rectangle, oval, triangle, trapezoid, rhombus), draw them on a piece of paper, recognize the shape of familiar geometric shapes in surrounding objects. For example: the sun looks like a circle, a book looks like a rectangle, a road sign looks like a triangle, etc.
It’s good if a preschooler knows how to make one out of two figures. For example: out of two or four triangles, one polygon, out of small quadrangles, one large one. The child should be able to distinguish between geometric bodies, compare them and find differences.

The kid must understand that geometric bodies are three-dimensional figures. From volumetric figures, he must distinguish between a ball, a cube, a cylinder, a cone, a parallelepiped.

The child must know straight, curved and broken lines. It is good if he can distinguish between a line, a segment and a ray, a straight line, obtuse and acute angles; can show the vertex and sides of an angle, measure the length of a segment with a ruler, draw a given segment, show the point of intersection of lines.

Orientation in space

A preschool child should be able to navigate in space, as well as on a notebook or landscape sheet. Orientation in space includes the ability to determine the direction of movement, to move in a given direction (forward-backward, up-down, right-left). A preschooler should be able to indicate in words the position of an object in relation to himself (in front of me is a table, behind me is a closet, to my right is a door, to my left is a window).

It is good if the child is able to determine the position of various objects in space, using the words: “below”, “above”, “in front”, “behind”, “before”, “behind”, “between”, “next”.
On a sheet of paper, the baby should be able to show the upper right corner, the upper left corner, the lower right and lower left corners, the middle of the sheet.

On a sheet of paper in a cage, depicting various objects and figures, the baby must understand the words “to the left”, “to the right”, “above”, “below”, “from”, “to”, “above”, “under”. He must also be able to draw figures on a sheet of paper, copying from a sample or from dictation (graphic dictation: one cell up, one cell to the right, one cell down, etc.).

Orientation in time

By the time of entering school, the child must clearly navigate the time of day (morning, afternoon, evening, night), their sequence, and also in such concepts as yesterday, today, tomorrow, understand the meaning of these words. He must know the sequence of days of the week, name what day it is today, what was yesterday, what will be tomorrow, combine these concepts into one - these are all days of the week.

It is good if the baby knows the names of all the months of the year, and at the same time knows how to call them in the correct order. The preschooler must also divide all the months of the year into winter, spring, summer and autumn, know that there are three months in each season.

Parent meeting in kindergarten. What children of the preparatory group need to know and be able to do before the 1st grade

Count within 10, call numbers in forward and reverse order, decompose the number into two smaller ones;
According to the program, we study counting up to 20, but up to 10 they must be able to count well, decompose the number into numbers, for example, 5 is 2 and 3, or 4 and 1. For a good memorization of composite numbers, you can draw houses.
slide 6
- the child should be able to navigate in space (know where is right, left) and on the plane (on a piece of paper. To orientate on a piece of paper, you can start with some kind of image, for example, draw a tree on a piece of paper for a child, and give tasks: Draw a leaf on the topmost branch , draw a sun to the right of the tree, etc.. There are tasks for the cells, draw lines 2 cells to the left, three to the right)

Orientation in time: parts of the day, days of the week, months.
You can pronounce the days of the week every day when you go to kindergarten in the morning what day of the week it is today, what day it was yesterday, what it will be tomorrow; the child must know the meaning of tomorrow, yesterday. Know the month.
Slide 7
Speech development
- Pronounce words clearly and distinctly, name words with a certain sound, distinguish sounds by ear
You can play a game with your child: name words, when you hear the right sound - clap your hands
- coordinate words in a sentence;
- retell literary texts, compose stories about objects, from pictures
It is necessary to pay attention if there are inconsistent parts of speech in the child's speech and correct
Slide 8
Artistic creativity
- there should be the content of the image, the forms, proportions, structure are transferred;
- the correct color scheme, a variety of colors;
- independence of performance;
Slide 9
Here I have prepared information for you about what a child needs to know and be able to do. Thank you for attention!

Presentation on the topic: What a child should know before 1st grade

For parents

What should a child be able to do when entering school?

Many opinions of teachers, psychologists, tests. Your child may pass some tests and fail others. How do you assess a child's readiness for school? Experts believe that the most important indicator is the psycho-emotional maturity of the child.

The psycho-emotional maturity of a child upon entering school is determined as follows.

The child must answer the following questions:

Give your last name, first name, patronymic.

Name the surname, name, patronymic of father, mother.

Are you a girl or a boy? What will you be when you grow up - an aunt or an uncle?

Do you have a brother, sister? Who is older?

How old are you? How much will it be in a year? In two years?

Is it morning or evening (afternoon or morning)?

When do you have breakfast - in the evening or in the morning? When do you have lunch - in the morning or in the afternoon?

What comes first, lunch or dinner?

Where do you live? State your home address.

What is your father's job, your mother's?

Do you like to draw? What color is this ribbon (dress, pencil)

What season is it now - winter, spring, summer or autumn? Why do you think so?

When can you go sledding - in winter or summer?

Why does it snow in winter and not in summer?

What does a postman, a doctor, a teacher do?

Why does school need a desk, a bell?

Do you want to go to school?

Show your right eye, left ear. What are eyes and ears for?

What animals do you know? Name 3 domestic animals and 3 wild ones? What is the difference?

What birds do you know?

Who is bigger - a cow or a goat? Bird or bee? Who has more paws: a rooster or a dog?

Which is more: 8 or 5; 7 or 3? Count from three to six, nine to two.

What should you do if you accidentally break someone else's item?

It is also necessary:

perform counting operations within ten, increase / decrease the number of items “by one”, “by two”;

know the concepts of "more-less-equally";

know simple geometric shapes, be able to make applications from geometric shapes;

be able to compare objects by length, width and height;

solve simple arithmetic problems;

be able to divide an object into two/three/four equal parts

It is important that the child:

distinguished letters from sounds, vowels from consonants;

could find the desired letter at the beginning, middle and end of the word;

selected words for a given letter;

divided the word into syllables;

read sentences of 4-5 words and understood what they read.

To successfully start school, you need:

correctly hold a pen and pencil in your hand;

draw continuous straight, wavy, broken lines;

trace the drawing along the contour without lifting the pencil from the paper;

be able to draw by cells and dots; be able to complete the missing half of a symmetrical pattern;

copy geometric shapes from the sample;

be able to continue shading the drawing;

be able to accurately paint over the drawing without going beyond the contours.

School Admission Requirements

Children attending pre-schools tend to be ready for school. They already know letters, numbers, self-service skills. Even with today's staffing problems in kindergartens, the administrations of children's institutions pay great attention to children in preparatory groups - psychologists and speech therapists work with them. Despite this, parents should pay attention, consult with the kindergarten teacher about the need for additional classes, about the child's problems that need to be worked on. Particular attention deserves children who do not attend kindergartens, as well as children who are not provided with preparation for school in kindergartens due to a lack of qualified personnel. Such children are recommended to definitely attend Sunday schools, where they can learn how to sit correctly, listen to the teacher, learn to think logically, and think. You can attend such schools from the age of five, some accept children even younger. They draw, sing, play with them.

As a rule, kindergartens and Sunday schools do not set themselves the task of teaching a child to read and write. Before starting school, a child must haveself-care skills – comb your hair, dress and undress yourself, recover, prepare for the lesson, be able to ask for help from an adult if necessary. In addition, personal knowledge is mandatory - first name, last name, age, home address (city, street, house, apartment), name and profession of father, mother. The child must have an understanding of the seasons, time of day (day, evening, morning, night), days of the week, domestic and wild animals. Among other things, the child must understand why you need to go to school, why you need to study.

Particular attention should be paid to the development of memory, attention and logical thinking of the child. For example, out of the 10 words named, he must repeat after a while as many as possible (from 6 to 10), you can in a different sequence or be able to repeat the drawing in the cells, generalize objects according to their characteristics, collect puzzles, recite the poem by heart.

Today there is a huge range of literature for parents of preschoolers - copybooks, notebooks, textbooks. However, do not rush things and teach the child everything at once. First, don't teach your child to read and write on their own. Of course, such skills are welcomed by school teachers, however, having taught a child to read or write incorrectly, it will be very difficult for you and his future teachers to retrain him. And while his less able classmates will step forward, your child will stand still in his development. Learn letters with your child, teach him how to add syllables, entrust the rest to professionals. Pay attention to the development of memory, motor skills, attention.

Here are some practice examples:

1. Learn poems by heart and ask them to repeat them after a while (a week, a month).
2. During the walk, pay attention to the number of cars in the yard or pigeons near the bench. And after a few hours, ask how many there were. This allows you to develop memory and attention.
3. Name the child a few words and after 10-15 minutes ask them to repeat them. You can start with 5-6 words, gradually increasing their number.
4. Show the child some pictures or objects, then ask him to turn away and remove or replace one of them. The child must name the missing item.
5. Lay out on the table several objects or pictures of the same kind (vegetables, fruits, animals, etc.) of the same value and add to them one (one) that does not belong to them. The child must name an extra object (picture) and say why he thinks so.
6. Keep your child busy with creativity - cut out of paper and cardboard, sculpt from plasticine, collect puzzles, beads from beads or large beads - this develops the fine motor skills of the child well.

Whatever you do with your child, do not forget that he is just a child, you should not demand high performance from him, the exact execution of tasks. Any knowledge and skill is achieved by constant study and patience. Do not insist on classes when the child feels unwell, do not force him to do something by force. The main rule is to interest the child without scaring him away from knowledge.

And further - classes should be short, 15-20 minutes,it's better if they pass in a playful way . If the child gets tired quickly, reduce the time of classes -less is better, but regularly.

Any parent should take care in advance about the readiness of their child to enter school. The sooner you begin to study with the baby, the deeper he will learn the information and the more confident he will feel at an interview with the headmaster.

Leading child psychologists and educators agree that a child's assimilation of the school curriculum is much more effective if he has basic knowledge and skills, in other words, is sufficiently erudite. We offer you a list of questions that usually determine the level of development of a child when enrolling in the first grade of an elementary general education school.

Keep in mind that the child should not only know the answers to these questions, but also be able to voice them in front of an unfamiliar adult who will select the classes. Gently explain to the baby what awaits him at the interview. Try so that the child is not afraid of the unusual official situation and does not forget everything he knows from excitement.

And the child needs to know the following:

Your full name, patronymic and surname;

Your age and date of birth;

Surname, name and patronymic of parents, their profession;

Your home address: the name of the city (town, village), street, house number, entrance, floor, apartment;

The main attractions of your city (town, village);

The name of your country and its capital;

Sequence of days of the week, months, seasons; the main signs of each season, riddles about the seasons;

Domestic animals and their cubs;

Wild animals of various natural and climatic zones, their habits, cubs;

Plants of various natural and climatic zones;

Parts of the human body;

Professions;

Russian folk tales;

Great Russian poets and writers (A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, S.A. Yesenin, F.I. Tyutchev) and their main children's works.

The child must also be able to:

Distinguish between living and non-living; feminine and masculine; singular and plural; morning, afternoon, evening and night; clothes, shoes and hats; birds, fish, animals, insects; vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, berries; land, water and air transport; dishes, furniture, etc.;

Distinguish geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval;

Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper, have an idea about the concepts of "right" - "left", "top" - "bottom", etc .;

Recite a short poem by heart;

Completely and consistently retell the listened or read story;

Think of a story based on the picture

Remember and name from memory 6-10 objects, pictures, words;

Divide words into syllables with claps or stomps;

Distinguish between vowels and consonants;

Determine the number and sequence of sounds in words like "poppy", "house", "soup", "oaks", "sleigh", "teeth", "wasps";

Correctly hold a pencil, pen, brush;

Without a ruler, draw vertical and horizontal lines; draw geometric shapes, animals, people, various objects based on geometric shapes; carefully paint over, hatch with a pencil, without going beyond the contours of objects;

Good command of scissors (cut a sheet of paper into strips, squares, circles, rectangles, triangles, ovals; cut out various shapes along the contour);

Make applications from colored paper;

Sculpt from clay and plasticine;

Correlate the number and number of objects;

Listen carefully, without being distracted, for 30-35 minutes;

Maintain correct posture in a sitting position for 30-35 minutes;

Play sports games, perform various physical exercises

But the main thing is the psychological readiness of the child for school, the absence of fear and hostility before classes. Don't panic if your baby doesn't know or can't do something. Calmly, without haste, begin to deal with it.

In no case do not scold the child for failures, take into account his mood and well-being. In training, use game techniques and artistic images.

Speech, logic and memory of the child must be sufficiently developed so that he can easily express his thoughts, capture the essence of the question asked and correctly build phrases when answering. The kid may not know some facts, but if he clearly, without embarrassment, expresses and substantiates his point of view, this only causes respect.

A full answer is always preferable to a short one. Answers "yes", "no", "don't know" should not be used. When answering the question "What is your name?", you should not give your diminutive, "home" name (Lenochka, Tolik, etc.). You need to say: "My name is / Lena Petrova /, / Tolya Ivanov /". Often interested in patronymic.

Keep in mind that interview questions are not only for erudition, but also for ingenuity. Suppose a six-year-old child may be asked not how much 6 + 2 will be, but how old he will be in 2 years. The sequence of months (days of the week, numbers) must be able to reproduce starting from any month (day, numbers).

The child should be prepared for the following "tricky" questions: "Who is older, you or your sister (brother)? Why does it snow in winter and not in summer? What happens earlier - lunch or dinner? Who will you be when you grow up - aunt or uncle? Who has more paws - a dog or a rooster? Who is bigger - a cow or a goat? What should you do if you accidentally break someone else's thing? " etc.

Do not forget that the child should be able to communicate, not be afraid to ask questions if something is not clear to him, and not get lost when a question is asked to him. Make sure that your baby knows the basic rules of behavior in society and the norms of etiquette.

Normally, by the start of school, a child should:

Pronounce all sounds correctly

Pronounce words clearly and clearly, without rearranging or skipping syllables;

Have sufficient vocabulary;

Match words in gender, number and case;

Accurately conjugate familiar verbs;

Build sentences of various constructions (compound, complex);

Freely use monologue speech (tell about the events experienced, retell the content of the tale, describe the surrounding objects, reveal the content of the picture);

It is good to hear various speech sounds, perform tasks related to the selection of syllables, sounds, words from a number of similar ones, etc.

All this makes it possible for the child to successfully master the program material when entering school.