Markup and its purpose presentation. Lesson topic: Marking Marking is a metalworking operation in which lines (marks) are applied to the workpiece, defining the contours of the future part. The marking is divided. Marking tools include: scribers, center punches,
Presentation on the topic: Spatial markingPerformed by:
MEG group student – 146
Dadatsky Evgeniy Dmitrievich
the workpiece is marked with lines (marks) defining
contours of the future part.
Marking is divided into planar and spatial.
Planar markings are markings that
performed on workpiece surfaces lying in
one plane.
Spatial marking is marking
workpiece surfaces located in different
planes at different angles to each other.
Scribblers
A. roundb. with bent end
V. using a scriber with
bent end
g. with insertion needles
d. pocket
Marking tools include: scribers, center punches, marking compasses, and surface planers.
Scribbler –This is a tool that is used on the surface of the workpiece
draw lines (marks) using a ruler or
square
Scribblers are made from tool
steel U10 or U12.
The working part of the scriber is sharpened to sharpening machine
at an angle of 15 - 20.
Kerner
Special punches
Kerner –This locksmith tool, used for application
recesses (cores) along marked lines.
The punches are made of tool steel
U7A, U8A, 7HF and 8HF.
The working and impact parts of the punch are subjected to
heat treatment to increase strength.
The point of the punch is sharpened at an angle of 60.
Marking compasses
Spatial marking tool
Marking calipers
Marking compass –is a tool used to apply
circles and arcs, as well as for transferring dimensions
from rulers to detail.
Reismas –
this is the main tool used for
spatial markings.
Sharpening tools
Planar marking techniques
Marking marking lines
Preparing for marking
Before marking, the surface of the workpiece is paintedchalk, mortar copper sulfate,
quick-drying varnishes or paints.
Coloring is carried out so that the marking
the lines were clearly visible.
Marking lines are applied to the workpiece as follows:
sequences:
horizontal;
vertical;
inclined;
circles and arcs.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW WESTERN DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL No. 323 Marking a piece of wood. 5-6 grades Technology teacher Seliverstov Yu.I. Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation Moscow 2013 Lesson topic. Marking wood Purpose of the lesson: educational: to teach students how to mark wood parts; obtaining new knowledge on the topic “Wood Processing Technology”, developing students’ initial labor knowledge and skills, developing technical thinking and creative abilities, using ICT for a better perception of the material. developing: improving independent work skills, improving the ability to independently formulate conclusions, develop speech; development of building skills simple drawing; development of the ability to correctly select a workpiece and mark it according to a template. educational: developing a sense of mutual understanding and mutual assistance in the process of joint problem solving; development of motivation to study the stages of manufacturing objects of labor, using a variety of activity techniques through obtaining interesting information. Objectives of the lesson: continue the formation of basic technological concepts; development of the ability to build a simple drawing; Teach students how to mark wood parts. Interdisciplinary connections: mathematics, drawing. Updating basic knowledge 1. List which lines are used to construct drawings. 2. What types of graphic images of parts and products do you know? Give examples. 3. What wood species are considered soft? Hard? 4. Name physical properties wood 5. Name the mechanical properties of wood. 6. State the purpose of the technological map. 7. What is called a workpiece? 8. What is called a technological operation? 9. What is called a technological transition? MARKING OF WOOD Marking is the technological operation of applying marking marks (lines) or points to the board or workpiece being processed using a tool, defining the contours of subsequent processing. Marking can be primary with an allowance for processing and secondary – precise marking in order to obtain the specified dimensions in the drawing. Marking the material is an indispensable condition for obtaining high-quality and accurate parts. This part of the part manufacturing process must be treated very carefully, since insufficiently accurate markings can lead to damage to the material. When marking, it is necessary to select such a workpiece and mark it in such a way that further processing produces as little waste as possible. Allowance is an excess (above the drawing size of the part) layer of the workpiece that must be removed during subsequent processing with a cutting tool. Marking and measuring tools To mark and check the accuracy of processing workpieces and parts, use the following measuring and marking tools: ruler (a), compass (b), tape measure (c), carpenter's square (d), surface planer (e), malka (f) . To draw lines when marking, it is best to use a simple graphite pencil. For marking parts from hard rocks TM, T, 2T and ZT pencils are used for wood; for soft wood, for example, linden or spruce - M pencils. Ruler - used for measuring, marking dimensions and drawing straight lines. The ruler scale has millimeter divisions. When working with a wooden ruler, it is important to remember that you need to measure dimensions from the zero mark. Iron rulers usually start from scratch. When marking, you can also use a folding meter or steel tape measure. Drawing a straight line is best done as follows. First, the base edge and face are determined, then the distance from the edge of the workpiece is measured with a precisely calibrated ruler or meter and points are marked. Two points are enough to draw a line, but more can be done, since this way it will be easier to detect an error. After this, a ruler is applied to the base side without distortion (so that the edge of the ruler is close to the points) and a line is drawn through the points. The divisions must be looked at strictly perpendicular to the plane of the ruler. A – base edge; B – base layer; 1 – workpiece; 2 – ruler; 3 – risk; 4 – pencil; 5 - part width line. Marking with a square A square is designed for marking corners and checking the squareness of workpiece elements and carpentry and consists of a base - a block, into which a ruler - pen - is mounted at a right angle. Divisions may be marked on the ruler. Squares are made of wood with dimensions of 250x160x22 mm and 500x300x24 mm and metal testing squares with a wide base in sizes of 60x40, 100x60, 160x100, 250x160, 400x250, 630x400, 1000x630 mm. The first number is the length of the ruler, the second is the base. When marking perpendicular and parallel lines, the square block is pressed tightly against the base edge or face, tilt the pencil in the direction of movement and move it slightly to the side of the pen (Fig. 2). Several bars folded together are marked under the square as shown in figure (Fig. 3). Fig.1 A – base edge; 1 – workpiece; 2- square block; 3 – square feather; 4 - pencil Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Marking with a measuring rod, thicknesser The measuring rod is used to measure angles according to the sample and transfer them to workpiece parts. Set the grinder to the desired angle using a protractor or protractor. It consists of a base - a block and a ruler, hingedly connected to each other. Marking is done in the same way as with a carpenter's square (Fig. 1). Using a surface thicknesser, marks are applied parallel to one of the sides of the block and parts. It represents wooden block , in which two slats pass through two holes. At the end of the rail on one side there are sharp pins for applying marks. By releasing the end of the rail behind the block, the required distance from the edge to the applied mark is set, i.e. marking lines. Rice. 2. Marking with a thicknesser: A – base edge; 1- blank; 2 – block; 3 – wedge; 4 – slats with sharp pins. Rice. 1 Marking with a compass, template Using a compass, circles and arcs are drawn on the workpiece to be marked, for which the center is first marked. At this center, marked by a point or the intersection of two lines, a sharp leg of a compass is placed, and the other is used to trace a circle. The radius of the circle is preliminarily plotted along a ruler (Fig. 1). Rice. 1 To mark several identical parts or parts of complex curved shape, templates are used. A template is a finished part or its shape made of wood, metal, plastic or thick cardboard. Marking using a template allows you to quickly and accurately draw the desired shape of the part. To do this, the part is placed on the surface of the workpiece, a template is pressed or attached to it, and the contour is traced with a pencil. With correct, economical marking, a larger number of parts can be obtained from the same workpiece than with incorrect marking (Fig. 2). Attention! A Russian proverb says: “Measure seven times, cut once.” The quality of the future product largely depends on correctly executed markings. Remember this and be careful! Rice. 2 Reasons for defects when marking: - inaccuracy of the measuring tool; - non-compliance with marking techniques; - inattentiveness of the worker. Test your knowledge 1. What is called part marking? 2. What tools are used for marking? 3. Why should the pencil be tilted slightly away from the ruler when drawing marking lines? 4. How do you draw marking lines when cutting out rectangular parts? 5. How to mark a circle and a square? 6. Why do markings of the workpiece start from the base edge and face? 7. What is allowance? 8. What is the purpose of a measuring ruler and a carpenter's square? 9. How are markings made using a template? Let's remember the basic concepts: Marking, allowance, measuring ruler, line, tape measure, carpenter's square, mark, thicknesser, compass, template, base edge, base face, economical marking. Information sources and electronic educational resources Textbooks: I.A. Karabanov. Wood processing technology. A textbook for students in grades 5-9 of general education institutions. M.: Education, 2002. Technology. Technical labor. 5th grade. Edited by Yu.L. Khotuntseva, E.S. Glozman. M.: Mnemosyne Publishing House, 2011. Simonenko V.D., Samorodsky P.S., Tishchenko A.T. Technology, 5th grade. M., Education, 2011. A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Simonenko. Technology. Industrial technologies 5th grade. M.: Ventana-Graf, 2012. Handbook of labor training. A manual for students in grades 5-7. Edited by I.A. Karabanova. M.; Enlightenment, 1991. Wikipedia http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ http://melechkovichi.ucoz.ru/trud/174.doc http://melechkovichi.ucoz.ru/trud/13.doc Yandex http: //youtu.be/BQ3HJ0kEgvU http://molroo.ru/tinybrowser/files/attestatciya/konspekt-5-kl-.doc http://technologys.info/obrabdrevesiny/cherchirazmetka.htm Knowledge Hypermarket
Lesson topic: Marking Marking is a metalworking operation in which lines (marks) are applied to the workpiece, defining the contours of the future part. Marking is divided into planar and spatial. Planar marking is a marking that is performed on workpiece surfaces lying in the same plane. Spatial marking is the marking of workpiece surfaces located in different planes at different angles to each other. Spatial marking is the marking of workpiece surfaces located in different planes at different angles to each other.
Marking tools include: scribers, center punches, marking compasses, and surface planers. Scribler - A scriber is a tool with which lines (marks) are drawn on the surface of the workpiece using a ruler or square. The scribers are made from tool steel U10 or U12. The scribers are made from tool steel U10 or U12. The working part of the scriber is sharpened on a sharpening machine at an angle
A center punch is a metalworking tool used to make recesses (cores) along marked lines. The punches are made from tool steel U7A, U8A, 7ХФ and 8ХФ. The punches are made from tool steel U7A, U8A, 7ХФ and 8ХФ. The working and impact parts of the punch are subjected to heat treatment to increase strength. The point of the center punch is sharpened at an angle of 60.
Preparation for marking Before marking, the surface of the workpiece is painted with chalk, copper sulfate solution, quick-drying varnishes or paints. Painting is done so that the marking lines are clearly visible. Marking lines are applied to the workpiece in the following sequence: 1. horizontal; 2. vertical; 3. inclined; 4. circles and arcs.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN STATE AUTONOMOUS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "LENINOGORSK POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE" Industrial training lesson plan Profession: 110800.02 "Tractor driver - agricultural production operator" PM.02 Performing metalwork repair work and maintenance agricultural machinery and equipment. MDK.02.01 Technology of metalwork for repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery and equipment. Program topic No. 1. Performing plumbing work. Lesson topic No. 2: Planar markings.
2 slide
Slide description:
LESSON OBJECTIVES: EDUCATIONAL: to teach techniques for planar marking using marking and measuring tools and devices. DEVELOPMENTAL: Develop competent technical speech, independence and a sense of responsibility, self-control and mutual control, imagination, logical memory, attentiveness. ENCOURAGING: To cultivate the professional qualities of the future tractor driver, careful attitude to equipment and tools, accuracy, independence, precision in work, love for the chosen profession, a sense of responsibility, the desire to work productively, to do the job efficiently.
3 slide
Slide description:
MARKING AND TYPES OF MARKING. MARKING is a metalworking operation in which lines (marks) are applied to the workpiece, defining the contours of the future part. Marking is divided into planar and spatial. PLANE MARKING is a marking that is performed on workpiece surfaces lying in the same plane. SPATIAL MARKING is the marking of workpiece surfaces located in different planes at different angles to each other.
4 slide
Slide description:
Marking tools include: scribers, center punches, marking compasses, rulers, square, surface planers.
5 slide
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A scriber is a tool with which lines (marks) are drawn onto the marked surface of the workpiece using a ruler, square or template. REISMAS is the main tool used in spatial marking. It is used to draw parallel, vertical and horizontal lines, as well as to check the installation of parts on the plate.
6 slide
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KERNER is a metalworking tool used for making recesses (cores) on pre-marked lines.
7 slide
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8 slide
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COMPASSES are used to mark circles and arcs, to divide segments, circles and for geometric constructions. Compasses are also used to transfer dimensions from measuring rulers to a part.
Slide 9
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MARKING VERNIER CALIPER is designed for precise marking straight lines and centers and is used to mark circles of large diameters.
10 slide
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE STARTING WORK: 1. Dress properly and put in order. work clothes, tuck it in so that there are no hanging ends, tuck the hair under the headdress and prepare individual means protection. (Mittens, safety glasses) 2. Organize your workplace so that everything is at hand if necessary, check that there is sufficient lighting in the workplace. 3. Prepare the necessary working tools. Answering devices following requirements: a) A hammer, sledgehammer, blacksmith chisels must have a slightly convex surface of the striker, bare, without burrs, hardening, gouges, dents and must be secured to wooden handles. b) The handles of hammers, sledgehammers and drifts must be made of dry wood, different breeds. (oak, beech, ash, birch). Straight, oval in cross-section with a slight thickening towards the free end. And have no cracks. c) Files should be firmly seated on smoothly cleaned handles, tightened metal rings. G) Wrenches must be in good working order and match the size of the bolts and nuts. Extending keys is prohibited. e) The jaws of vices and clamps must have a good, unworked notch.
11 slide
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING WORK: 1. Use only serviceable tools and devices. Keep the workplace in proper order: Place workpieces, tools, products in separate places for them. Avoid obstructing passages. 2. Place production waste in special containers. 3. All work with sheet material (carrying, laying, cutting with scissors, bending, etc.) should be done using gloves. 4. Clean surfaces and rinse parts to be reworked, as well as remove chips with a brush with a mark or rags. 5. When working with pliers, wire cutters, and metal scissors, make sure that cutting edges were sharp and had no dents on the sides. 6. Secure the workpieces securely in a vice or tools. 7. A tool with a sharpened blade or point should be passed to another person forward with the handle or blunt end.
12 slide
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SAFETY IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND AT END OF WORK: IN AN EMERGENCY; 1. If a tool or equipment malfunction is detected, stop work immediately and report it to the foreman. 2. If you receive an injury, inform the specialist and contact a medical professional. paragraph. UPON COMPLETION OF WORK: 1. Check the presence of the tool, put it in cabinets or hand it over to the master. 2. remove the workpiece parts from the workbench and place them in the place designated for them. 3. Remove metal shavings and dust into a special container. Lubricate the rubbing parts of the vice and clean with a brush with a mark. 4. Clean the premises and remove production waste from the workshop. 5. Report all comments and detected malfunctions to the technician. 6. Wash your hands warm water with soap.
Slide 13
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT: 1). Prepare the treated surface for marking. 2). Drawing parallel and perpendicular marks (lines) using a measuring ruler, scriber and square. 3) Punching.
Slide 14
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INSTRUCTION CARD No. 1. Planar markings with straight lines. Exercises: 1. Preparing the metal surface for marking. 2. Applying mutually perpendicular marks (lines). 3. Applying parallel marks (lines). 4. Applying marks at an angle. Tools: metal measuring rulers, scribers, marking compasses, squares with a wide base 90, bench hammers, punches. Equipment and materials: marking plate, blanks (size 200100 mm), sandpaper (sandpaper), copper sulfate, rags, brush, metal brushes, scrapers. ORDER OF EXECUTION INSTRUCTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. ORDER OF EXECUTION INSTRUCTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. Exercise 1. Preparing the metal surface for marking. Exercise 2. Drawing straight and perpendicular marks (lines). Exercise 3. Punching. Prepare the treated surface for marking. Rice. 1 Exercise 1. 1. Thoroughly wipe the marking plate. 2. Inspect the workpiece (there should be no bubbles, cracks, burrs, sharp corners, etc.). 3. Clean the workpiece from dust, dirt, scale, and traces of corrosion with a steel brush; clean the marked areas with sandpaper. 4. Apply to the surface of the workpiece with a brush. even layer copper sulfate (2-3 tsp of dry solution of copper sulfate per 1 glass of water). Painting is performed in the following sequence (Fig. 1): the workpiece is taken into left hand and hold it at an angle. With the other hand, dip the end of the brush into a small amount of dye, then apply it to the surface in an even thin layer using cross (horizontal and vertical) movements. The painted workpiece (part) is dried until completely dry. 2. Applying straight and perpendicular marks (lines). Rice. 2 3. Punching. Rice. 3 Exercise 2. Drawing straight and perpendicular lines. 1. Study the drawing, determine the base surfaces of the workpiece from which dimensions should be taken during the marking process (for planar marking, machined edges can serve as bases). Take the machined end or edge of the workpiece as a reference point - the base. 2. From the base (edge) of the workpiece, on one side, measuring 50 mm, make a mark, then from the same edge, but on the other side at the same distance, make a perpendicular mark. 3. On the other side of the workpiece, perform the same operation. 4. Place a ruler on the surface to be marked (Fig. 2), combining the crossed marks (5050) and use a scribe to connect them with a straight line (the mark is carried out with slight pressure only once - rerun risks are unacceptable). 5. Perform the same operation on the other side of the workpiece. 6. Perpendicular marks (lines) are applied using a square (Fig. 3). The mark (line) is drawn along the square. The shelf of the square is applied to the side surface on the other side of the workpiece and at the designated points where the marks (lines) should intersect, they are drawn with a scriber (the scribe should be tilted in the direction of its movement and at the same time away from the edge of the ruler). Exercise 3. 1. Punching. When working, take the punch with three fingers of the left hand, place the sharp end exactly on the marking mark (the center of intersection of the marks) so that the tip of the punch is strictly in the middle of the mark (Fig. 4). First, tilt the punch away from you and press it to the intended point, then quickly put in vertical position, after which a light blow is applied to it with a hammer weighing 100 - 200 g (Fig. 4).
15 slide
Slide description:
Exercise 1. Preparing the metal surface for marking. Before marking, you must do the following: - clean the workpiece from dust, dirt, scale, traces of corrosion with a steel brush or sandpaper; - carefully inspect the workpiece, if cavities, bubbles, cracks, etc. are detected, take measures to remove these defects during further processing (if possible); - study the drawing of the part to be marked; - select base surfaces or bases from which you will have to set aside dimensions for applying marking marks (lines) (for planar marking, the bases can be the processed edges of the workpiece or center lines, which are applied first).
16 slide
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Applying a solution of copper sulfate to the workpiece. EXERCISE 1. 1. Thoroughly wipe the marking plate. 2. Inspect the workpiece (there should be no bubbles, cracks, burrs, sharp corners, etc.). 3. Clean the workpiece from dust, dirt, scale, and traces of corrosion with a steel brush; clean the marked areas with sandpaper. 4. Using a brush, apply an even layer of copper sulfate to the surface of the workpiece (2-3 tsp of a dry solution of copper sulfate per 1 glass of water). Coloring is performed in the following sequence (Fig. 1): the workpiece is taken in the left hand and held obliquely. With the other hand, dip the end of the brush into a small amount of dye, then apply it to the surface in an even thin layer using cross (horizontal and vertical) movements. The painted workpiece (part) is dried until completely dry.
Slide 17
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18 slide
Slide description:
Exercise 2. Drawing straight and perpendicular marks (lines). 4. Place a ruler on the surface to be marked (Fig. 2), combining the crossed marks (5050) and connect them with a straight line with a scriber (the mark is carried out with slight pressure only once - repeated marking is unacceptable). 5. Perform the same operation on the other side of the workpiece. 6. Perpendicular marks (lines) are applied using a square (Fig. 3). The mark (line) is drawn along the square. The shelf of the square is applied to the side surface on the other side of the workpiece and at the designated points where the marks (lines) should intersect, they are drawn with a scriber (the scribe should be tilted in the direction of its movement and at the same time away from the edge of the ruler). Study the drawing, determine the base surfaces of the workpiece, from which dimensions should be taken during the marking process (for planar marking, machined edges can serve as bases). Take the machined end or edge of the workpiece as a reference point - the base. 2. From the base (edge) of the workpiece, on one side, measuring 50 mm, make a mark, then from the same edge, but on the other side at the same distance, make a perpendicular mark. 3. On the other side of the workpiece, perform the same operation.
BPOU VO "Cherepovets Construction College named after A.A. Lepekhina"
Industrial training lesson
Production Master
training: Kachalov O. A
Topic: Planar markings
The purpose and objectives of the industrial training lesson
- Goal: Execution preparatory work during production welding work: marking according to a drawing using marking, measuring tools and devices.
Develop the ability to perform planar markings, use a control tool, and perform punching according to marking marks;
Develop competent technical speech, independence and a sense of responsibility, self-control and mutual control, imagination, logical memory, and attentiveness.
To cultivate professional qualities, careful attitude to equipment and tools, accuracy, independence, clarity in work, love for the chosen profession, a sense of responsibility, the desire to work productively, to do the job efficiently.
I. Repetition of covered material
- Rational organization of a mechanic's workplace:
workpieces, tools and fixtures must be arranged in a strictly defined order
Position of the tool on the desktop:
LOCATION OF TOOLS ON THE WORKBENCH
What you take with your left hand, put on your left
What are you taking? right hand, put it on the right
- Keep your work area tidy.
- Place each tool item in the same place.
- When working, fold the parts in a certain order.
II. Studying new topic: "Planar marking"
Measuring tools and fixtures
calipers
Kerner Kozlovsky
center finder
Devices for applying marks
Scribblers
a) round
b) with a bent end
c) with insertion needles: 1-needle
2-body, 3-spare needles, 4-stopper.
Applying marks:
a) with the scriber tilted in the direction of its movement
b) with an inclination from the ruler
Applying mutually perpendicular and parallel marks
Applying marks using a square and scriber
Drawing straight lines
a) determination of the starting point,
b) applying a mark with a scriber,
c) drawing parallel lines
Applying marks at an angle to each other
- Applying marks at angles: a) -90°, b) -45° c) -60° and 120° d) - using a protractor.
Marking flat shapes
a) constructing a square inside a circle
b) constructing a hexagon inside a circle
c) marking the centers of the holes
Punching of marking marks
- a) center punch
- b) marking hammer V.M. Gavrilova
- c) marking hammer V.N. Dubrovina
- d) installation of a center punch
- d) Punching
Sharpening the marking tool
- A) sharpening the center punch
- b) checking the sharpening angle of the center punch using a template
- c) sharpening the scriber
- d) sharpening the legs of the marking compass
- d) checking the correctness of sharpening.
Occupational safety
1. Handle the sharp ends of scribers and compasses with care.
2. Place the marking plate securely on the table.
3. Handle copper sulfate solution carefully.
4. Do not work on a faulty sharpening machine, in the absence of a screen casing, a faulty tool rest, or if the gap between the wheel and the tool rest is more than 2-3 mm; beating of the circle.
Security questions
- How to organize your workplace when marking?
- Why does the scriber need to be slightly tilted away from the ruler when applying marks?
- In what ways can parallel marks be applied to the workpiece?
- How to manage risks different angles using a protractor?
- How to mark a circle of a given diameter?
- How to use a ruler and compass on a metal plate to mark marks at angles of 45 and 120 degrees?
- Rules safe work when marking.
- Rules for safe operation of an emery machine.
