Difference between the Special Olympics and the Paralympics. International Special Olympics and Special Olympics in Russia

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Activities for persons with mental disabilities. Is the main organizer of the Special Olympics ( Special Olympics World Games), held every 4 years. The Special Olympics Movement arose 40 years ago on the initiative of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, sisters of US President John Kennedy. In 1957, she headed the Joseph Kennedy Foundation. The foundation has two main goals: to find protection against mental retardation by identifying its causes and to improve the way society treats citizens who have intellectual disabilities.

In 1963, Eunice and her husband, Sargent Shriver, decided to change the status of people considered useless by society. To that end, they converted their Maryland home into a sports day camp for children and adults with mental retardation to study their abilities.
The first results of working with them showed how responsive these people are to care and how, with support and patient training, their enormous inner potential is revealed. People with mental retardation turned out to be much more capable in sports and physical education than many experts thought.
In July 1968, the first international Special Olympics Games took place at Military Field in Chicago. In December of the same year, the Special Olympics was created and received the status of a charitable organization. Over the years, more than three million people from 180 countries have become participants in the Special Olympics movement.

In 1988, at the XV Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, the President of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samaranch, signed an agreement with Yu. Kennedy-Shriver, according to which the Special Olympics received the right to use the word “Olympics” in its name.

"...in recognition of the efforts of Special Olympics International to promote participation in sports among persons with mental retardation, the International Olympic Committee officially recognizes the Special Olympics and is hereby granted permission to use the name "Olympics"...
Juan Antonio Samaranch
President of the International Olympic Committee,
February 15, 1988, Calgary, Canada, XV Winter Olympic Games

The merit of Eunice and her husband, Sargent Shriver, a prominent figure in the US Democratic Party, is that they were able to prove: regular physical education classes and participation in competitions help mentally retarded people acquire skills in work and collective conscious action, teach them to perform purposefully and in an organized manner. . This creates opportunities for gradual adaptation to real life conditions and integration into society.
In Russia, the Special Olympics movement has been developing since 1990. On September 16, 1999, the Special Olympics of Russia, which became part of Special Olympic International, was registered by the Ministry of Justice Russian Federation as an all-Russian public charitable organization for helping people with mental retardation.
Nowadays, more than 110 thousand children and adults participate in the Special Olympics movement in our country. There are about 60 local branches of the Special Olympics of Russia.

History of the Special Olympics Movement in Russia

In February 1990 The first all-Union seminar for physical education specialists was held in Sukhumi (Georgia), dedicated to the organization of sports work with mentally retarded people under the Special Olympics program. At this seminar, the public organization “All-Union Committee of the Special Olympics” was created, which marked the beginning of the development of this movement in all republics of the former Soviet Union.
The seminar was attended by Russian (A. A. Dmitriev, V. M. Mozgovoy) and American (Dr. Hieli and Dr. Dolan) scientists in the field of physical education of persons with mental retardation, employees of the ministries of education, social security, healthcare, physical education teachers, speech pathologists, as well as specialists from the international organization Special Olympics International, led by the president of this organization, Mr. Sargent Shriver. Then Russian specialists first became acquainted with the Special Olympics program.
In 1990 The first all-Union competitions were held, at which athletes from Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Uzbekistan were selected, who took part in the summer European Special Olympic Games in Glasgow (Scotland) in athletics, swimming, gymnastics and handball that same year. This first experience of participating in international Special Olympics competitions gave the coaches the opportunity to understand the principles of this movement and become more familiar with its requirements and rules.
Spring 1991 In Moscow, on the basis of GCOLIFK, an all-Union seminar “Special Olympics” was held, in which well-known athletes in the past took part: Tatyana Sarycheva, Alexander Boloshev, Alzhan Zharmukhamedov, Lyudmila Kondratyeva, Galina Prozumenshchikova. After this, the summer All-Union Special Olympic Games were held; they were held in 9 sports in the cities of Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. Athletes with mental retardation from almost all republics took part in them.
In June 1991 a delegation of 113 people, including representatives of all Soviet republics, took part in the summer Special Olympics World Games in Minneapolis (USA), in competitions in athletics, swimming, weightlifting, gymnastics, volleyball, basketball, football, table tennis, handball .
In December 1991 In connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the All-Union Committee of the Special Olympics was liquidated and the public organization Special Olympics of Eurasia was created. The purpose of its creation was to help organize independent national Special Olympics programs in 12 young countries in the territory of the former Soviet Union.
In 1992 the first winter Special Olympic Games of Eurasia were held in Petrozavodsk, the program of which included cross-country skiing and speed skating competitions; A floor hockey tournament was held in St. Petersburg.
In March 1993 In Austria, 156 athletes and coaches from Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan participated in the Winter Special Olympics World Games in competitions in cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, speed skating, figure skating, and floor hockey.
In 1994 In Ashgabat (Turkmenistan), athletes from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan participated in the Summer Special Olympic Games of Eurasia in competitions in athletics, swimming, basketball, table tennis, and football. Unfortunately, due to financial problems, other countries were not able to take part in them.
In 1995 In New Haven (USA), independent teams from Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine participated in the Summer Special Olympics World Games, and athletes from Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan competed in one team from Eurasia, so how independent national Special Olympics organizations have not yet been created in these countries.
Such rapid growth of the Special Olympics movement in the post-Soviet countries can be explained by the fact that it stimulates the development and use of funds physical culture and sports for people with mental retardation. It turned out that active activities physical culture and sports have a positive impact on the functioning of the main systems of the body of people with mental retardation, thereby contributing to the development of correctional and compensatory functions that allow them to adapt to life in society.
The Special Olympics of Russia is an all-Russian public charitable organization, officially recognized by the Russian Olympic Committee, which is the national committee of the international public organization Special Olympics International.
In September 1999 The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the first time registered the “Special Olympics of Russia” - the only organization in our country representing Russia in SOI, including at international competitions.
“Special Olympics of Russia” organizes all-Russian competitions in individual sports and Olympiads, recruits and sends national teams to European and world competitions, organizes all-Russian seminars, trains coaches and judges, and publishes methodological literature. The main goal of the Special Olympics of Russia is to spread the Special Olympics movement in the country and involve more people with mental retardation in sports under the Special Olympics programs. To achieve this, the directorate is doing a lot of work to organize territorial offices and regional centers.

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See what "Special Olympics" is in other dictionaries:

Special Olympics- is an international organization created to help people with intellectual disabilities develop self confidence, social skills and a sense of personal achievement. Among their other activities, Special Olympics conducts the Special Olympics... ... Wikipedia

Special Olympics- Basketballturnier Special Olympics ist die weltweit größte Sportbewegung für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung und Mehrfachbehinderung. Sie ist vom Internationalen Olympischen Komitee offiziell anerkannt und darf als einzige Organization den… … Deutsch Wikipedia

Special Olympics- es una organización internacional creada para ayudar a las personas con discapacidad psíquica a desarrollar la confianza en sí mismas y sus habilidades sociales mediante el entrenamiento y la competición deportiva. Entre otras actividades,… … Wikipedia Español

Special Olympics- Special Olympian. an international program of fitness and athletic competition for children and adults who are mentally and often physically handicapped, founded in 1968 and featuring events and quadrennial games modeled on those of the Olympics… … Universalium

Special Olympics- Jeux olympiques spéciaux Inspirés des Jeux olympiques, les Jeux olympiques spéciaux s’adressent à des déficients intellectuels âgés de 8 à 80 ans. L accent est mis sur la participation de chacun plutôt que sur l exploit sportif. Sommaire 1… … Wikipédia en Français

Special Olympics- Special O|lym|pics, the an international program of sports events and sports training for adults and children who have mental or physical problems … Dictionary of contemporary English

Special Olympics Russia

Special Olympics is a worldwide movement that organizes physical education and recreation activities and competitions for people with intellectual disabilities.

In the Russian Federation, the development of the Special Olympics movement is carried out by the Special Olympics of Russia - an all-Russian public charitable organization for helping people with mental retardation.

History of the Special Olympics
In June 1963, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver, sister of John and Robert Kennedy, opened a summer day camp in her Maryland home for children and adults with intellectual disabilities to study their abilities to learn. various types sports and physical education. In July 1968, the first international Special Olympics Games took place at Military Field in Chicago. In December of the same year, the Special Olympics was created and received the status of a charitable organization. Over the years, more than a million people from 162 countries have become participants in the Special Olympics movement.

History of the Special Olympics
In 1988, at the XV Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, the President of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samaranch, signed an agreement with Yu. Kennedy-Shriver, according to which the Special Olympics received the right to use the word “Olympic” in its name. The merit of Eunice and her husband, Sargent Shriver, a prominent figure in the US Democratic Party, is that they were able to prove: regular physical education classes and participation in competitions help mentally retarded people acquire skills in work and collective conscious action, teach them to perform purposefully and in an organized manner. . This creates opportunities for gradual adaptation to real life conditions and integration into society.

Summer sports Winter sports
Athletics Badminton Basketball Bowling Bocce Cycling Volleyball Handball Golf Judo Equestrian Table Tennis Sailing Powerlifting Swimming Softball Tennis Football Inline Skating Snowshoe Racing Alpine Skiing Speed Skating Ski Racing Snowboarding Figure Skating Floor Hockey

Special Olympics Mission
The mission of the Special Olympics is to provide year-round training and competition in a variety of sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, providing ongoing opportunities to improve physical fitness, demonstrate courage, experience joy and participate in the development of talents, skills and friendships with family members. , other Special Olympics athletes and the community at large.

The main goal of the Special Olympics
The primary goal of the Special Olympics is to help people with intellectual disabilities become productive members of society by providing them with fair opportunities to demonstrate their talents in competitive sports and by educating the public about their capabilities and needs.

Fundamental Principles
The fundamental principles on which the Special Olympics organization was founded, and which should continue to guide the operation and development of the global Special Olympics movement, include the following:

Fundamental Principles
People with intellectual disabilities can, with appropriate training and encouragement, learn, enjoy and benefit from participation in individual and team sports, adapted as necessary to meet the needs of people with specific mental and physical disabilities. Holistic training process, organized under the guidance of qualified coaches and focused on improving the athletic performance of training participants, is extremely important for the development of sports skills, and sports competitions among people of equal ability are the most appropriate method of assessing skills, measuring progress and stimulating personal growth. Through sports training and competitions, people with intellectual disabilities improve physically, mentally, socially and spiritually; strengthening of family relationships is ensured; and society as a whole, as a result of direct participation and observation of events, unites with people with mental disabilities in an environment of equality, respect and acceptance.

Fundamental Principles
as defined in these General Rules (see Article 6, Section 6.01), must be able to benefit from the athletic training and competition programs offered by Special Olympics. Special Olympics must transcend all boundaries of race, gender, religion, geography, national origin and political philosophy to provide opportunities for athletic training and competition according to the same global standards for all people with intellectual disabilities who meet certain criteria. criteria.

Fundamental Principles
Special Olympics encourages and strives to develop the spirit of sportsmanship and the love of participation in sports for the sake of participation. To achieve this goal, the Special Olympics intends to provide every athlete with the opportunity to participate in training and competition that allows each athlete to fully demonstrate their potential, regardless of their ability level. That's why Special Olympics requires that Special Olympics Games and Tournaments include sports and program types for athletes of all ability levels, and that team sports competitions provide every athlete with the opportunity to compete in every game. Special Olympics encourages the development of athletic training and competition opportunities at the local, district, and community levels (including schools) as a means of inclusion in programs the largest number athletes eligible to participate in Special Olympics activities.

Flag of the Special Olympics Russia
Emblem of the Special Olympics Russia
Special Olympics anthem
Special Olympics March
Let me win, but if I cannot, then let me be brave in the attempt.
Special Olympics Oath
Symbols of the Special Olympics Russia

President of the Special
Russian Olympics - Pavlov Andrey Vladimirovich. Contacts: 229-45-14, 229-26-10, 136-55-02 - mobile. tel.

Directorate of Special Olympics Russia:
1. Antonov Valery Yakovlevich - General Director2. Rodina Yulia Vladlenovna – sports director, coordinator of family programs3. Morozova Galina Fedorovna – Director for Development and Coordination of Territorial Programs4. Knyazeva Lyudmila Vasilievna - Director of Public Relations and Media5. Balakireva Margarita Viktorovna - assistant to the general director 6. Zakharova Daria Markovna - assistant to the sports director, translator-psychologist7. Arzamasova Tatyana Vyacheslavovna – chief accountant 8. Tatyana Ivanovna Borzunova – administrative assistant

List of Board members
1. Pavlov Andrey Vladimirovich (Moscow) - Chairman of the Board 2. Ryumkin Dmitry Nikolaevich (Moscow) - Vice-President 3. Asikritov Alexander Nikolaevich (St. Petersburg) 4. Boyko Olga Yakovlevna (Ekaterinburg) 5 Burmistrova Nina Ivanovna (Chelyabinsk) 6. Gutnikov Sergey Vladimirovich (St. Petersburg) 7. Varyukhina Tamara Olegovna (Saratov) 8. Zaifidi Pavel Kirillovich (Kostroma) 9. Muzyrya Alexandra Alekseevna (Moscow) ) 10. Pocheptsov Alexander Vladimirovich (Moscow) 11. Sintsova Irina Aleksandrovna (Irkutsk) 12. Shmoilova Zoya Alekseevna (Barnaul)

Thank you for your attention, see you later!

On February 6, at the capital's Sheremetyevo International Airport, a meeting was held of the Russian delegation that successfully competed at the Special Olympics World Winter Games in Pyeongchang (South Korea), which took place from January 29 to February 5, 2013.

The Russian delegation was represented at the Games by 120 athletes and coaches from 19 regions of the country. The Russian national team included representatives from Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Republic of Karelia, the Komi Republic, Krasnodar region, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Kirov, Kursk, Kostroma, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Penza, Sverdlovsk, Smolensk, Tomsk and Tyumen regions.

Russian athletes have achieved the greatest success in short track speed skating ( Alexey Semenchikov– three gold and one silver medals; Ekaterina Zubova– gold, two silver and bronze medals; Anneli Neit– gold, silver and bronze medals), alpine skiing ( Nadezhda Erokhina And Ekaterina Sazonova– three gold medals each), snowshoeing ( Inna Ivannikova– two gold and silver medals; Veronica Balabonkina– two gold and silver medals), snowboarding ( Elena Sagalayeva– two gold medals; Ravil Khasanov– two gold medals) and cross-country skiing ( Stanislav Cherenkov– gold, silver and bronze medals; Alena Kolesnik– gold and silver medals).

In the team competitions, the snowshoe relay team distinguished itself, winning gold, as well as the floorball team, twice awarded silver, the floor hockey team, and the men's and women's cross-country skiing relay teams, which won silver at the Games.

The first gold medal of the Special Olympics World Winter Games in Pyeongchang was won on January 31 by Russian snowboarder E. Sagalayeva.

Deputy Minister of Sports of the Russian Federation, who met the delegation Sergey Shelpakov noted: “Already traditionally, from year to year, delegations of the Special Olympics of Russia take part in the winter and summer World Games; they are allocated financial resources from the federal budget for travel, equipment for athletes and coaches. It's not the only thing this year sporting event Special Olympics of Russia, which is supported by the Russian Ministry of Sports. I would like to congratulate our wonderful guys and girls on their successful performance. They brought 113 awards, of which 48 gold, 34 silver and 31 bronze medals.”

Addressing the arrivals, S. Shelpakov emphasized: “For our delegation and all participants from 111 countries, this sports forum became a bright, unforgettable holiday in their lives. Each of you participating in competitions is about winning in your life, demonstrating courage, experiencing joy, developing talents, skills and friendships with family members, other Special Olympics athletes and the community at large.”

Let us remind you that the Special Olympics is a worldwide movement engaged in organizing physical education and recreational activities and holding competitions for people with intellectual disabilities.

The primary goal of the Special Olympics is to help people with intellectual disabilities become productive members of society by providing them with fair opportunities to demonstrate their talents in competitive sports and by educating the public about their capabilities and needs.

In Russia, the Special Olympics movement has been developing since 1990. Today, more than 110 thousand children and adults participate in the Special Olympics movement in our country. There are about 60 regional branches of the Special Olympics of Russia.

About 5,000 athletes and coaches from 111 countries took part in the 2013 Games. Competitions were held in eight sports: cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, alpine skiing, snowboarding, floor hockey, speed skating, figure skating and floorball.

Russian figure skater Natalya Akimova takes part in the Games torch relay during the opening ceremony of the Special Olympics World Winter Games. January 29, Pyeongchang (Republic of Korea). Photo: www.flickr.com

Winners of the first medals at the Special Olympics World Winter Games. Games champion Elena Sagalayeva (Russia) is in the center. On the left is Diana Schiltz (USA), on the right is Denise Trmalova (Czech Republic). January 31, Pyeongchang (Republic of Korea). Photo: Diego Azubel

Photo: Maxim Konyaev / PR+Sport agency

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MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

state budgetary educational institution

higher vocational education

"NORTHERN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Department of Physical Culture and Health Technologies

Coursework

Topic: “Special Olympics and special art - two main directions of social integration of persons with disabilities in intellectual development”

Completed by: Odesskaya M.N.

III year student of the group

faculty of AFK

Checked by: manager departments of FC and OT

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor V.N. Pushkin

Arkhangelsk, 2015

Introduction

1.1 Non-traditional Special Olympics competition model

2.1 Main distinctive features of creative types of ROS

2.3 Special art as a type of creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of physical activity

Conclusion

musical disabled olympic philosophical

Introduction

The problem of disability, in general, and the problem of disability of persons with intellectual disabilities, in particular, is one of the most difficult problems of our time. It attracted the attention of wide sections of the population of our country: political scientists, scientists, public figures, medium and high school. It became obvious that in our country this problem was hushed up, embellished for the sake of ideological principles about the advantages of the socialist system over all other systems of social order. However, the problem of social integration of persons with intellectual disabilities is a global problem that exists in all countries, regardless of their level economic development. Therefore, the relevance of the topic of this work becomes clear. Indeed, in adaptive physical culture, the two main directions of social integration of persons with intellectual disabilities can be called the Special Olympic Movement and Special Art.

The purpose of this work is to answer the question: how the Special Olympics movement and Special Arts allow people with intellectual disabilities to integrate into society.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Consider what philosophical aspects the Special Olympics Movement is based on

Understand how the Special Olympics movement is organized and how disabled people in our country can get there

Define what Special Art is, what it includes, and how it helps people with intellectual disabilities integrate into society.

Chapter 1. Special Olympics as a method of integrating people with disabilities into society

1.1 Non-traditional Special Olympics competition model

The non-traditional competition model was specially designed for people with intellectual disabilities. According to its developers, it significantly reduces the negative aspects of the traditional model, is more humane and is more suitable for people with intellectual disabilities. The most important distinguishing features of this model are the following. The main (primary) function of the non-traditional competition model, just like the traditional one, involves determining the winners and prize-winners of the competition, but in this case the procedures for their final ranking from best to worst and fixing records are actually cancelled. In the non-traditional model, there can be no losers among the special athletes competing. Each of them participates in the award ceremony, ends up on the podium and always receives an award. For this purpose, all participants in the competition are divided, based on the results of preliminary competitions, into so-called divisions (division rule), the number of athletes or teams, which should have no more than eight and no less than three. At the same time, training levels ( physical abilities and technical skills) of competitors in the same division should not deviate by more than 10% (~10% rule).

Thus, in the Special Olympics competition model, the mandatory identification of the hierarchy of places (rank) of each participant based on the shown sports results from best to worst, which is typical for the traditional competition model, is completely eliminated. Here, ranking is carried out only within divisions, and everything is done to exclude a negative assessment of those who find themselves outside the line of medalists (award ceremony, presentation of award ribbons, etc.). In Special Olympics competitions, all participants receive awards, and the number of sets of medals is equal to the number of divisions, which gives a chance to receive a gold medal even for those individuals whose physical condition is significantly lower than those competing in other (stronger) divisions.

Such an organization of competitions also removes the problem of fixing records, the main of which is considered to be the progress of one’s own achievements, and not the absolute indicator of the result. It is clear that representatives and winners of weaker divisions will have a significantly lower absolute result indicator than representatives and winners of a stronger division. Therefore, there is no point in emphasizing this, so as not to reduce the joy of the holders of medals and awards in weaker divisions.

The fundamental difference between the non-traditional model of competitive activity is its functions related to the social assessment of sports results and the achievements of special athletes. First of all, a strict ban has been introduced on the use of material rewards for special athletes, and the monetary contribution for participation in competitions has also been abolished.

1.2 Philosophical aspects of the Special Olympics movement

The Special Olympics movement is much “younger” (the first international Special Olympics were held in 1968, in the same year the private charity Special Olympics International (SOI) was officially registered) compared to the Paralympic movement. But, despite this, it has received rapid development in the world in recent years, which is the great merit of Eunice Kennedy-Shriver, the founder of this movement. Currently, the International Organization of Special Olympics unites more than 160 countries and is the largest international program in the world, organizing year-round training and competitions for children and adults with intellectual disabilities.

The following circumstances contributed to this:

Development and implementation by the organizers of the Special Olympics of a non-traditional model of competitive activity for special athletes, “softer” and more humane compared to the traditional model of competition for healthy people used in the Paralympic movement;

The largest number of people with intellectual disabilities compared to disabled people of other nosological groups (for example, according to G.F. Morozova G.F. Morozova. Some results of the analysis of the demographic situation in Russia in the light of the development of the special Olympic movement: Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical Conf. (November 30 - December 1, 2000). - M.: Special Olympics of Russia, 2000. - P. 12., in the world there are more than 300 million people with intellectual disabilities, in the population of the countries of the European and North American continents. account for 2-3%, and in African countries, South America, Asia -8-10%; According to the Russian Ministry of Education, children with intellectual disabilities make up 70.9% of the total number of students in special (correctional) institutions, not counting the 26 thousand children studying in secondary schools in the so-called special (correctional) classes;

Great opportunities for Special Olympics programs to implement the socialization and social integration of people with intellectual disabilities and improve their quality of life.

During the Soviet period of development of our country, the problem of research and formation of the needs, motives, interests, value orientations of each individual person, and especially those with limited health capabilities or disabilities, was not among the priorities, among which the problems of training the younger generation in labor and military activities dominated. or, in other words, comprehensively developed builders of a society of a new formation. The current processes of humanization of society and humanitarization of education have attracted the attention of scientists and specialists to the problems of studying a person, his personality, regardless of his state of health.

The mission of the Special Olympics and its main goal are that the main direction of this type of adaptive sport is the organization of year-round training and competitions for children and adults with mental disabilities, not so much to achieve maximum record results, but to improve physical fitness, gain joy, development of friendly relations between family members, other special athletes and society as a whole.

Clarification and detailing of the philosophical aspects of the Special Olympics movement are set out in its fundamental guidelines (principles):

1. People with intellectual disabilities can, with appropriate instruction and encouragement, learn, enjoy and benefit from participation in individual and team sports adapted as appropriate to the needs of people with specific mental and physical disabilities.

2. A holistic training process, supervised by qualified coaches and focused on improving the fitness of the participants, is essential to the development of athletic skills, and competitive sports among people of equal ability is the most appropriate method of assessing skills, measuring progress and stimulating personal growth.

3. Through sports training and competition, people with mental disabilities improve physically, mentally, socially and spiritually; strengthening of family relationships is ensured; and society as a whole, as a result of direct participation and observation of events, unites with people with mental disabilities on the principles of equality and acceptance of each other.

4. Any person with an intellectual disability who meets the minimum level of impairment criteria (see Chapter 14) should be able to benefit from the athletic training and competition programs offered by Special Olympics.

5. Special Olympics International shall transcend all boundaries of race, gender, religion and geography, as well as divisions of national origin and political philosophy, to provide opportunities for athletic training and competition according to the same global standards for all people with intellectual disabilities, eligible criteria defined below.

6. Special Olympics International welcomes and strives to develop the spirit of sportsmanship and interest in participation in sports competitions for the sake of participation. To achieve this goal, Special Olympics intends to provide every athlete with the opportunity to participate in training and competition that will fully demonstrate each athlete's potential, regardless of his or her ability level. That's why Special Olympics International requires that Special Olympics Games and Tournaments include sports and program types for athletes of all ability levels, and that team sport competitions provide every athlete with the opportunity to compete in every Games.

7. Special Olympics International encourages the development of athletic training and competition opportunities at the local and district levels within individual communities (including schools) as a means of engaging the largest number of athletes eligible to participate in Special Olympics program activities. .

1.3 Special Olympics Main Program

Since children from the age of 8 are allowed to participate in competitive activities in official sports of the Special Olympics, it is advisable to begin training sessions with them from the age of 6-7. Most children of this age have a number of basic skills characteristic of ordinary children, but their actions are more intense, less natural and dexterous. They walk, run, climb, many know how to dress, use the toilet, and eat. However, more complex motor skills are difficult to master. Children with mental retardation may lack coordination of the process of planning and executing a motor action.

All sports in which training and competition can be conducted with persons with intellectual disabilities are divided by the Special Olympics International Organization (SOI) into two categories:

Official sports;

Nationally popular sports.

Official sports approved by the SOI Board of Directors include:

Summer sports:

Swimming

Athletics

Basketball

Bicycle racing

Equestrian sport

Weightlifting

Table Tennis

Volleyball

Gymnastics

Roller skating

Winter sports:

Alpine skiing

Ski racing

Figure skating

Skating

Nationally Popular Sports are sports that are not classified as official sports by SOI, but are included by SOI in Special Olympics training and competition programs.

To approve a sport as a nationally popular sport, it is necessary to perform a number of procedures and meet certain criteria:

a) the official regulations for the conduct of training and competitions in this sport must be submitted to the SOI Department for World Games and Competitions;

b) a medical advisory committee shall examine the sport and determine its compliance with SOI health and safety standards;

c) there must be evidence of interest in the sport on the part of coaches, people with intellectual disabilities, schools, family groups of athletes, specialized agencies, etc. working with potential Special Olympics athletes;

d) rules must be developed that can be used during competitions, and an Advisory Committee for this sport must be created;

e) Recognition of the sport should facilitate year-round competition and training, which is the core business of the Special Olympics, and will create additional meaningful opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities, including sports for people with disabilities. different levels abilities, types of programs for athletes with the most limited abilities, etc.

Special Olympics International (SOI) identifies prohibited sports that it determines do not meet minimum health and safety standards or place the health and safety of special athletes at unreasonable risk. Currently, prohibited sports include: boxing, fencing, shooting, karate and other types of martial arts.

After determining the level of minimal impairment and admission to participation in training and competitions under the Special Olympics program (persons with a number of other developmental disabilities (lesions of the musculoskeletal system, vision, hearing, etc.) can participate in the activities of the Special Olympics, but only in the event that they have a minimal level of impairment of intellectual functions. Intellectual impairment is the main (determining) sign for inclusion of those wishing to be included in the Special Olympics program), the central issue is the division of athletes into divisions.

Division system

1. Special Olympics competitions provide athletes with the opportunity to demonstrate the athletic skills acquired during training. Athletes must strive to perform at their best in each competition. In order for athletes to have the maximum experience possible, competitions should be organized in such a way that the focus is on the athletes. In the Special Olympics movement, this principle means that regardless of placing, any performance is a personal victory.

2. The International Organization of the Special Olympics has developed appropriate rules to ensure the most successful participation athletes in competitions and stimulating their sports spirit at all levels of competition. Competitions must be held regularly, in accordance with approved rules, with competent judging. Family members, friends and spectators must be given the opportunity to share with the athletes in the success they achieve during competition.

3. The fundamental difference between Special Olympics competitions and competitions organized by other sports organizations is that athletes of all abilities are encouraged to participate. The competition is structured in such a way that athletes of the same ability level compete with each other, for which they are divided into divisions. Historically, SOI has proposed that divisions be formed so that the difference between the highest and lowest scores within each division is no more than 10%. This recommendation is not a rule, but should be considered as a principle for the formation of divisions of athletes of equal ability, given the appropriate number of participants.

In general, the division into divisions is based on three criteria: the distribution of athletes by gender, by age groups and by level of ability. The following points must be taken into account:

1. Athlete ability is the primary factor in the divisional divisions of Special Olympics competition.

The ability of an athlete or team is determined by the result recorded from previous competitions or from the qualifying round. When forming groups, age and gender are also important factors.

2. Competitions are considered to be best organized when each division has at least three and no more than eight athletes or teams of equal ability. However, in some cases the number of athletes or teams participating in the competition is insufficient to achieve this goal.

It should be noted that in our country, the “Special Olympics of Russia”, whose president is A.V., deals with the organization of adaptive sports for people with intellectual disabilities and interaction with international structures on this issue. Pavlov.

One of the leading domestic programs for the Special Olympic movement is implemented by the Special Olympic Committee of St. Petersburg (President V.L. Mutko, General Director S.V. Gutnikov), which celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2001. Distinctive features of the program of the Special Olympic Committee (SOC) of St. Petersburg are:

Integration of the efforts of state, public, commercial organizations on the basis of a collective agreement between the SOC, committees and departments of the administration of St. Petersburg, supervising issues of physical culture and sports, education, social security, and institutions under their jurisdiction (orphanages, boarding schools, special, correctional educational institutions; institutions of additional education for physical education and sports for children, psychoneurological boarding schools, etc.), as well as institutions and organizations of vocational education and science (SPbGAFK named after P.F. Lesgaft, Institute of Special Pedagogy and Psychology of the International University of Family and Child named after R. Wallenberg etc.), other structures;

consolidation of programs special olympics and special art programs (Special Art) into a single program;

large coverage of students, both organized in government agencies and studying at home.

Based on the above, it becomes clear that the main thing in the Special Olympics is the socialization and integration into society of people with mental retardation, informing the public about their capabilities and talents, and training and competitions act as an effective means - accessible and interesting for such people, with the help which realizes the mission and purpose of the Special Olympics.

Chapter 2. Creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of physical activity as a means of socialization and integration of persons with intellectual disabilities

2.1 Main assets and distinctive features of creative types of AFK

The distinctive features of creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture are the following.

1. Creativity, the desire to learn new, unknown things are the main thing distinctive feature creative body-oriented types of physical activity. It is here that creativity becomes the leading goal, the very essence of activities, an indispensable attribute of activity, without which it turns into something else.

2. Other distinctive feature creative body-oriented types of motor activity is the obligatory unification of the spiritual and physical principles of a person in the process of exercise. The maximum possible involvement in the field of adaptive physical culture of means and methods of psychology and psychotherapy and, on the other hand, the enrichment of classical methods of psychology and psychotherapy with adaptive physical culture technologies is the main feature of this distinctive feature of this type of adaptive physical culture

3. The most important distinctive feature of creative body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture is the integration of motor activity with the means and methods of art. This is emphasized in the full name of this type of adaptive physical culture, which includes the definition - artistic and musical. Practical work experience shows that music, choreography, pantomime, literature, poetry, drawing, modeling, sand work, etc. are widely used here. etc.

4. A fundamentally important distinctive feature of creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of motor activity is the displacement of the previous picture of the world from the consciousness of those engaged in it, its complete absorption by new impressions, images, and activity. Here there is not just a change in the type of activity, for example, mental to physical, but a complete switching of consciousness, immersion in a new, unusual activity for everyday life, stimulating the work of resting areas of the brain, both hemispheres, and all spheres of human perception. This is achieved by using images, music, performing new roles, complex actions, etc., which cannot be achieved when performing well-known, automated actions (walking, running, cycling, swimming, skiing, etc.), used, for example. , in recreation specifically for changing the type of activity.

5. Creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture give students the opportunity to process their negative states (aggression, fear, depression, anxiety, alienation), play out their external and internal sensations, and better know and understand themselves; experience situations together with other people (children and adults); experiment with your body and movements; develop aesthetic feelings and receive sensory satisfaction and joy from the sensations of one’s own body (N.Yu. Oganesyan, 2003).

6. Currently, creative body-oriented practices have received the greatest development in psychiatry, psychotherapy, and non-traditional healing systems.

2.2 Goals, objectives, functions and principles of creative types of AFK

The main goal of creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture is to provide opportunities for creative development and self-expression of those involved through movement, music, image by integrating the components of physical culture and art, combining the spiritual and physical components of a person with health problems and disabled person.

The implementation of this goal allows us to introduce this category of the population of our country to accessible types of activities that can ensure self-actualization, self-knowledge and self-understanding, satisfaction from activity; relieving psychological stress, eliminating “ muscle tension”, correction of negative states and, ultimately, involvement in other types of adaptive physical education and, in the long term, in professional and labor activities.

The main objectives of creative (artistic and musical) types of adaptive physical culture are:

1) development of creative (creative) and aesthetic abilities in disabled people and persons with health problems;

2) providing opportunities for the development of the sphere of feelings, participation, empathy, self-expression of one’s state, mood, and spiritual essence of a person in the sphere of motor practice;

3) overcoming psychological complexes, removing “muscle tension” with the help of physical exercises, music, dancing, story games etc. etc.;

4) activation of the thinking process and cognitive interest, mastery of communication skills and collective creativity, improvement of communicative activities;

5) introduction to art and other forms creative activity, to types of adaptive sports related to art (wheelchair dancing, figure skating, etc.);

6) introduction to other types of adaptive physical culture and available areas of professional and labor activity.

When conducting classes on creative body-oriented practices, it is recommended to fulfill a number of conditions:

Creating a natural, stimulating environment in which the student feels comfortable and protected while being creative;

Selection of tasks that correspond to the capabilities of the student, eliminating negative assessments of their actions, ideas, results, encouraging fantasies and creativity;

- “revitalization” of abstract symbols, strengthening positive motivation for classes and personal interest of class participants in what is happening;

Real living, playing, feeling all sorts of imaginary and real situations in life;

Using the method of transferring meaning from one cognizable object to another (SV. Dmitriev, 2005) through the use of metaphors (transferring one image to another - more complex and semantically richer), analogies (reveals inner essence object, makes the “unusual familiar”, understandable for the student), allegories (comparison of the incomparable) and other ideal formations that make up the universal mechanism of creative activity and play a significant role in the artistic understanding of reality.

The most important functions of creative body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture are creative (which is directly indicated in the name of the types), developmental, educational (self-education) and personal orientation.

As for the developmental function, it is necessary to keep in mind that in creative types of motor activity the emphasis during classes is not on the development of the motor skills of those involved, but on the formation and development of their personal qualities - intelligence, imagination, empathy, etc.

The means of art, artistic and musical methods of influencing students, their participation in theatrical activities, etc. have great educational potential.

Significant reserves of creative body-oriented practices are available for developing the skills of self-observation, self-esteem, self-control, and self-organization.

It should be noted that it is in this type of adaptive physical culture that there are the greatest opportunities for the formation of an axiological (value) concept of human life, value orientations, motives, interests. This is explained by the mutually reinforcing influences of integrated means of physical culture and art, artistic comprehension and interpretation of reality.

The correction of negative psychological states carried out in creative body-oriented practices, the possibility of displacing a previous personal position give grounds for asserting the great importance of the recreational and health function in this type of adaptive physical culture.

The type of activity of those involved, the means used, methods, and organizational forms of engaging in creative body-oriented practices make it possible to identify a number of other functions of adaptive physical culture among the leading ones. Here we mean aesthetic, spectacular, communicative and humanistic functions.

As for the principles of adaptive physical culture, among them in creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented practices the dominant position is occupied by social principles: humanistic orientation, the priority role of microsociety, integration and socialization.

The role of special methodological principles is also great, such as differentiation and individualization, taking into account age characteristics, optimality and variability, and preventive orientation.

2.3 Special art as the main direction of integration into society of persons with intellectual disabilities

A striking example of creative (artistic and musical) body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture are the events held within the framework of the Special Art program. These may include various formats: exhibitions of arts and crafts, creative competitions, dance, entertainment and game programs, concert programs, etc.

According to the regulations on holding events under the Special Art program of the Special Olympic Committee of the city of St. Petersburg, the mission of this program is to organize year-round creative activities and conduct events in various genres of art for people with intellectual problems, providing them with the opportunity to develop their abilities and talents on an ongoing basis , experience joy and share achievements, skills and friendships with their families, other participants and society at large.

The main goal is to help people with intellectual disabilities participate in society as useful and respected citizens by providing them with an equal opportunity to develop and demonstrate their skills and talent through participation in exhibitions creative works, performances on the best stages in the city.

Objectives of the Special Art program:

An increase in the number of people with intellectual disabilities engaged in creative activities.

Attracting maximum attention from government and public organizations, charitable and commercial institutions, and the general public to activities in working with disabled children.

Expression of society's gratitude to children, parents, teachers and specialists dealing with the problems of creative adaptation of disabled children.

Persons with intellectual disabilities can enjoy, gain knowledge and benefit from participating in festivals, concerts, exhibitions, if necessary adapted to their needs with appropriate training and support.

The basis for the development of creative skills, as well as the assessment of these skills, a measure of progress and encouragement for personal growth, are consistent classes under the guidance of qualified teachers who take into account the abilities of the students. The events strive to support the spirit of competition, the love of creativity, create conditions for each participant to express their full potential, and ensure the participation of everyone in order to achieve the largest number of participants.

Thus, “Special Art” events bring physical, mental, social and spiritual benefits to people with intellectual disabilities, strengthening the family and society as a whole through direct participation or as spectators

Conclusion

So, considering the current problem of social integration of people with intellectual disabilities, we can draw the following conclusions:

Since the main activities of the Special Olympics program are aimed primarily at the socialization of children and adults with intellectual disabilities, their integration into society, training sessions and competitive activities here act to a greater extent as the occasion, conditions, and environment through which this socialization is carried out. In this case, the main goal of both the teacher and the student is focused on the process of achieving the result, and not the result itself. After all, it is in the process of learning or the development of physical qualities that the intellectual development of a child and an adult occurs, their communication with the teacher and peers, entry into society and even the conquest of their social space. Moreover, more than early age the work on training mentally retarded children is organized, the greater the chance of achieving positive dynamics in both their mental and physical development. Thus, the Special Olympics, which helps all people with mental retardation in social adaptation and self-realization, creating opportunities for them to achieve success both in the sports arena and beyond, is the most important social phenomenon of our time, embodying the ideas of justice and humanism. “Special Art” events, as a type of creative body-oriented types of adaptive physical culture, are another most important direction of social adaptation of persons with intellectual disabilities, since art itself, no matter in what form it appears, is the strongest incentive for personal development in general, as they bring physical, mental, social and spiritual benefits to people with intellectual disabilities, strengthening the family and society as a whole through direct participation or as spectators.

List of used literature

1. Evseev S.P. Theory and organization of adaptive physical culture: textbook. T.1, 2-M.: Soviet sport, 2005

2. Venevtsev S.I. Adaptive sports for persons with intellectual disabilities / S.I. Venevtsev. - M.: Soviet Sport, 2004. - 90 p.

3. Morozova G.F. Some results of the analysis of the demographic situation in Russia in the light of the development of the Special Olympic movement: Mater. All-Russian scientific-practical conf. (November 30 - December 1, 2000). - M.: Special Olympics of Russia, 2000. - P. 12.

4. Sports training for people with disabilities (adaptive sports): Educational method. allowance. - Ufa: Publishing House Vost. University, 2004 (Type. Publishing house of Eastern University). - 63s.

5. www.specialolympics.org

6. http://www.sok.spb.ru/

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