Presentation winter olympic sports. Winter Olympic sports. sports competitions that take place every
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The Winter Olympic Games are a worldwide competition in winter sports. Like the Summer Olympic Games, they are held under the auspices of the IOC. The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924. At first, the Winter and Summer Games were held in the same year, but since 1994, they have been held at intervals of two years.
The No. 1 White Games took place in 1924 in Chamonix. Monument to the 1st Winter Olympic Games in Chamonix Official opening ceremony of the Games in Chamonix
Venues for the Winter Olympics
Winter Olympic sports
Biathlon is a Winter Olympic sport that combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting. Biathlon competitions at the Winter Olympics first appeared at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix and have been included in the program of every subsequent Games since the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. Initially, the competitions were men's, women's disciplines appeared at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. In this sport, 10 sets of awards are played. From the 1928 Winter Olympics to the 1948 Winter Olympics, biathlon was a demonstration sport. Svetlana Ishmuratova Biathlon
The birthplace of bobsleigh is Switzerland. Here, in 1888, the English tourist Wilson Smith connected two sledges with a plank and used them to travel from St. Moritz to Celerina, located somewhat lower. Bobsleigh competition at the Winter Olympics first appeared at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix and has since been included in the program of every subsequent Games, except for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. Initially, the competition was men's, women's disciplines appeared at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. In this sport, 3 sets of awards are played. Bobsled
Alpine skiing - descent from the mountains on special skis. A sport as well as a popular outdoor activity for millions of people around the world. The homeland of skiing is the Alps, in most languages the very name of this species means "alpine skiing". Alpine skiing was first included in the program of the IV Winter Olympic Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany in 1936. Then men and women competed in combination. Interestingly, Alpine skiing is one of the few in which men and women began to compete in the Olympics in the same year. Skiing
Curling (eng. curling, from scots. curr) is a team sport game on an ice rink. The participants of the two teams alternately launch special heavy granite projectiles (“stones”) across the ice towards a target marked on the ice (“houses”). In 1998, curling was recognized as an Olympic sport, and the first gold medals were awarded at the Winter Olympics in Nagano. The winner in the men's competition was the Swiss team, and the Canadian team won the first gold medals among women. Curling
Speed skating (speed skating - eng. Speed Skating) is a sport in which it is necessary to overcome a certain distance as quickly as possible in an ice stadium in a closed circle. Speed skating has been an Olympic sport since 1924. Women's competitions have been held since 1960, after women competed in demonstration races at the 1932 Olympics. At the moment, 6 sets of medals for men and women are played at the Olympic Games. The youngest sport, the team pursuit, was added at the 2006 Games in Turin. Skating
Nordic Combined is an Olympic sport that combines ski jumping and cross-country skiing in its program. Another name is Nordic Combination Nordic Combined
Short track (eng. Short track speed skating, Russian. Speed skating on a short track) is a form of speed skating. In competitions, several athletes (usually 4-8: the longer the distance, the more athletes in the race) simultaneously ride on an oval ice track 111.12 m long. Short track
C keleton (eng. skeleton - skeleton, frame) - a winter Olympic sport, which is a descent along an ice chute on a two-runner sled on a reinforced frame, the winner of which is determined by the sum of two or four races. Skeleton
Hockey (eng. Hockey) - a sport in which two teams try to hit a target with a hard, round ball or puck - the opponent's goal, using sticks. Each team has one goalkeeper who defends the goal of his team. The first Olympic ice hockey tournament took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, ice hockey has moved to the program of the Winter Olympic Games. An ice hockey tournament among women's teams has been included in the Olympic program since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. Hockey
Freestyle skiing is a kind of skiing, snowboarding. Freestyle includes ski acrobatics, ski cross, mogul and new school skiing. Ski ballet - one of the freestyle disciplines that existed until 1999, was excluded from the programs of official competitions. The ballet consisted of a descent along a gentle slope to musical accompaniment with a demonstration of the elements of sliding, steps, rotations, and jumps. Freestyle
Cross-country skiing - ski racing for a certain distance along a specially prepared track among persons of a certain category (age, gender, etc.). They belong to cyclic sports. Ski race
Luge (German Rennrodeln, English Luge) is a winter Olympic sport in which participants compete in downhill skiing on a single or double sledge along a pre-prepared track. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sleigh is controlled by changing the position of the body. luge
Figure skating is a speed skating sport that belongs to complex coordination sports. The main idea is to move an athlete or a pair of athletes on skates on ice with changes in the direction of sliding and performing additional elements (rotation, jumps, combinations of steps, lifts, etc.) to the music. In 1908 and 1920 figure skating competitions were held at the Summer Olympics. Figure skating is the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic program. Figure skating
Snowboarding (English snowboarding) is an extreme sport that consists in descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special projectile - a snowboard. Initially a winter sport, although some extreme sportsmen have mastered it even in summer, snowboarding on sandy slopes (sandboarding). In 1998, at the Winter Olympics in Nagano, snowboarding was included in the Olympic program for the first time. snowboarding
Ski jumping is a sport that includes ski jumping from specially equipped ski jumps. They act as an independent sport, and are also included in the Nordic combined program. Member of the International Ski Federation Ski Jumping
Hi guys!
I am Cheburashka, the mascot of the Russian team at the Olympic Games. Today I will tell you about the Olympics.
Olympics - major international
sports competitions that take place every
four years.
The birthplace of the Olympic Games is Ancient Greece, the city of Olympia.
The name of the games comes from Olympia.
Symbol Olympic Games - five fastened
rings symbolizing the union of the five
parts of the world in the Olympic movement.
The color of the rings in the top row is blue for
Europe , black for Africa , red for
America , bottom row - yellow for
Asia , green for australia .
The motto of the Olympic Games is
« faster, higher, stronger ».
The flag is white with the Olympic rings. .
Olympics opening ceremony
always completes
lighting the Olympic flame.
During the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece wars stopped
and a truce was signed.
The games lasted five days. Athletes competed in the pentathlon:
running, long jump, discus and javelin throwing, wrestling.
Equestrian competitions were also held - races of chariots drawn by four
horses.
FROM 1924 years are held Winter Olympics .
The duration of the Games is on average 16-18 days.
The 2010 Winter Olympics are being held in
Canada, in the city of Vancouver.
This is biathlon.
Ski race with shooting
from a rifle.
This is a bobsleigh.
Downhill from the mountains on special
ice tracks on controlled sledges - beans.
Skiing.
Descent from the mountains on special
skiing.
This is curling.
Team sports game
on the ice platform.
Members of two teams
alternately let on the ice
special granite
shells ("stones") to the side
target marked on ice.
Ski race.
Ski racing on
a certain distance.
Ski biathlon.
Includes the following disciplines:
jumping from the 90-meter springboard
(2 attempts) and ski race for 15 km.
Luge.
This is a downhill race.
in singles or doubles sleigh
along a prearranged route.
Athletes sit on a sled on their backs,
feet forward.
The sled is controlled by
changes in body position.
Snowboarding.
Extreme kind of sport ,
descending
from snow-covered slopes and mountains
on a special projectile - snowboarding .
This is a skeleton.
Descent down icy gutter on two-track sleigh
on a reinforced frame, the winner of which
determined by the sum of two or four races.
Ice-skating race.
View sports , in which it is necessary
overcome as quickly as possible
a certain distance on ice
stadium in a closed circle.
Freestyle.
View skiing , snowboarding .
Freestyle includes
ski acrobatics , ski cross ,
mogul and newschool skiing.
Shore track.
Ice-skating race
on the short track
form of speed skating.
In 2014 Winter Olympic Games
will be held in Russia, in the city of Sochi.
What winter sports do you remember?
BOBSLED
BIATHLON
JUMPING
FREESTYLE
HOCKEY
FIGURED
RIDING
SLUGING
SKELETON
SNOWBOARD
SKIING RACE
SKI SPORT
CURLING
SKATING
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The Winter Olympics and Games are the largest international winter sports competitions held once every 4 years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee. The Winter Olympic Games began in 1924 as an addition to the Summer Games. From 1924 to 1992, the Winter Olympic Games were held in the same years as the Summer ones. Since 1994, the Winter Olympics have been held 2 years apart from the Summer Olympics. Other names: Winter Olympics, White Olympics.
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Most winter sports originated in Europe and therefore have deep historical roots, since for our distant ancestors, many of the skills now used in sports were of great practical importance. So, not knowing how to run on skis, the ancient hunter had almost no chance of catching up with prey, and the ability to skate and ski down the mountains made it possible to quickly and effortlessly overcome snow-covered or icy paths. Perhaps this explains the fact that in the first Winter Olympics there were mainly sports disciplines inherent in everyday life: cross-country skiing, speed skating, Nordic combined, ski jumping.
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Cross-country skiing Alpine skiing is one of the most exciting, fast, sparkling winter sports. The pioneers of skiing appeared somewhere in the middle of the Stone Age. This is confirmed by drawings discovered not so long ago in the Arctic, in places where glaciers retreat. There, on the walls of the caves, ancient hunters are depicted with something on their feet, very similar to skis, chasing their prey on the heels. Today, five types of skiing techniques are the most popular: Carving, radical carving, carv-slalom - this technique gained popularity about 5 years ago. It consists in successive carved turns on leveled slopes. At the same time, everything is aimed at laying the arc and not extinguishing the speed. Slalom, ski cross, giant slalom - sports skiing on prepared slopes. The lion's share of skis today is made for this type of descent. The radius of the side cut should be from 15m. Snowpark is the new school. Rather, this is not skiing, but flying with skis on your feet from unprepared slopes. For this, twintips are bought - skis with curved heels. Freeride - descents from steep mountain slopes. Skis for this species are generally not suitable for off-piste skiing.
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Ski jumping Today, ski jumping can be considered as a certain winter sport that was formed in the 19th century. Now this sport has a huge popularity, which is gaining more and more every year. At the same time, the rules for jumping are constantly changing. Ski jumping entered the Olympic Games in 1924 and still amaze the audience with its entertainment. Previously, only men could participate in this sport. But after the women showed themselves and set several records, the rules changed a bit and some women were even admitted to the Winter Olympics.
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Cross-country skiing In 1912, on February 19, the first competition in the history of Russian sports in simultaneous ski jumping and cross-country skiing over a distance of 4.2 km took place - Nordic Combined. Nordic combined as a sport originated in Norway at the end of the 19th century. Since the beginning of the 20th century, having spread to a number of other countries, it has been included in the program of the Northern Games. This sport includes ski jumping and cross country skiing. Competitions, in which only men participate, are held over two days. On the first day, competitions in ski jumping from a 90 m springboard take place. On the second day, a 15 km race starts. The result is determined by the sum of points received for both exercises.
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Freestyle Freestyle, which means "freestyle" in English, appeared relatively recently and is today one of the youngest sports. In the form that modern freestyle is today, this sport first appeared in 1971. Each of the athletes impressed with his special characteristic technique, each showed his own developed style, due to which the spectacle of the struggle was simply amazing. Someone did dance steps on skis, someone soared in the air with arms wide open, like a bird, and someone was looking for all the uneven slopes, bumps and surfaces to the maximum in order to amaze everyone around with their skill and unusual technique for passing all difficult track moments.
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Snowboarding Snowboarding is a relatively new sport that consists of descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special equipment - a snowboard. Snowboarding is divided into several varieties: Sports - includes the following disciplines: boardercross, slalom, parallel slalom, giant slalom, giant parallel slalom and super giant. Freeride - free descent on unprepared slopes, from fairly gentle to the steepest. Freestyle - descent along a prepared snowy track with jumps and acrobatic stunts. Freestyle includes a number of disciplines, including half-pipe (half-pipe), big-air (big-air), slope-style (slope-style) and others. Frikarv. The main feature of this style is very high speed. Therefore, the snowboard must be long and rigid, boots and bindings - exceptionally rigid (at high speed this helps to stay on the turns). Jibbing. This style is different from all the usual styles, since skating takes place on everything except snow: jibbers are interested in railings, benches and, in general, various edges.
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Biathlon This popular Olympic winter sport owes its name to the Greek words "bis" and "attlon", meaning "combination". Biathlon includes cross-country skiing and target shooting. Skiing is carried out in skating style. The defeat of targets, the size of which is 45 mm and 115 mm, occurs from two positions - standing and lying down, using a small-caliber rifle. Adding to the poignancy of the competition is the fact that both thrilling competitions are closely linked, and for each miss on the shooting range, the athlete is penalized with penalty minutes or a 150-meter run. Today, biathlon has five disciplines - the individual race (the oldest of all), relay, mass start, pursuit and sprint. The most recent of those adopted, included in the program only in 1998, is the mass start - a one-time start of the best athletes at a distance of 12.5 kilometers for women and 15 km for men with four firing lines.
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Speed skating (speed skating - eng. Speed Skating) is a sport in which it is necessary to overcome a certain distance as quickly as possible in an ice stadium in a closed circle. Speed skating is one of the oldest sports. The most ancient skates discovered by archaeologists belonged to the Cimmerians, a nomadic tribe that lived 3,200 years ago in the Northern Black Sea region. The first officially recorded competition was held in Great Britain in January 1763. As a sport, speed skating was developed in the second half of the 19th century. Speed skating is a sport in which it is necessary to overcome the competitive distance as quickly as possible in an ice stadium in a closed circle.
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Figure skating is a winter sport in which athletes skate on ice with additional elements, most often accompanied by music. In official competitions, as a rule, four sets of medals are played: in women's single skating, in men's single skating, in pair skating, as well as in sports ice dancing. Figure skating is included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games.
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Figure Skating Figure skating is a winter sport in which skaters skate on ice, performing artistic or sporting elements to music. In official figure skating competitions, as a rule, four sets of medals are played: in women's singles, in men's singles, in pairs, and in sports ice dancing. Figure skating is included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games Holland is the birthplace of this wonderful sport. It was in Holland, in the 13-14 centuries. the first iron skates appeared, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of all sports related to skates. Russian figure skating originated in 1865. A public skating rink was opened in Yusupov Garden, which soon became a training center for Russian figure skaters. On this rink on March 5, 1978. the first competition of Russian figure skaters took place, so to speak, the championship of Russia.
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Speed skating The essence of the competition was simple - being on a closed ice distance, you must overcome it as quickly as possible. The birthplace of this sport was Great Britain, where the first official competitions were held at the very beginning of 1763. Speed skating is one of the oldest sports. The most ancient skates discovered by archaeologists belonged to the Cimmerians, a nomadic tribe that lived 3,200 years ago in the Northern Black Sea region. Skates are the main weapon of any speed skater. After all, the result of the competition depends on their condition. A strong and powerful athlete in unprepared skates will not be able to show a decent result. But great boots and ultra-modern skates are only part of the success. The blade of the skate is a knife 40-45 cm long and some millimeter thick. No less attention is paid to leather boots reinforced with special fibers. The top of the improvement of the boots became more solid, stiff boots along the entire length. The same integral part of a modern skater as boots and skates is his "second skin" - a racing suit. Fully fitted to the body, it should fit the entire surface of the skater as closely as possible and reduce air resistance to a minimum. The world's best laboratories equipped with the most modern technological level conduct the most complex research around the clock in search of such superfabrics that will amaze our imagination with their aerodynamics, thinness, strength and durability. It really is a second skin.
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Short track Short track is a type of speed skating, which consists in overcoming the competitive distance inside the hockey rink as quickly as possible (the circumference of the rink is 111.12 meters). Since short track is a kind of speed skating, it arose not so long ago - at the beginning of the last century. Often, weather conditions drove athletes into hockey boxes, on the ice of which it was possible to work out both a sharp turn and sprint acceleration. In Turin, short track skating is represented in individual and relay events. Individual races are held at distances of 500 meters, 1000 meters and 1500 meters for men and women, and the relay race is held at a distance of 5000 meters for men and 3000 meters for women. The winner of the four-man race is the one who overtakes the opponents.
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Bobsleigh Bobsleigh is a downhill race on a specially made ice track on a steerable streamlined sleigh. The sledge is fixed on two pairs of runners: the front pair is movable, the rear pair is fixed. Because of its shape, such a sled is often referred to as a "projectile". Bobsleighs are equipped with a steering wheel and a brake. The bobsleigh track is an ice chute with turns of various steepness. The speed of the bobsled projectile during the descent along the track can reach 130 km/h. There are two types of bobsleigh - double and quadruple. There are three positions in bobsleigh: steering, pushing and braking. Naturally, at the start, all four play the role of pushers.
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Skeleton Skeleton (English skeleton, lit. - skeleton, frame), a sport that is a descent along an ice chute on a two-runner sled on a reinforced frame, the winner of which is determined by the sum of two races. The progenitor of the skeleton is the descent from the mountains on a toboggan (skidless wooden sleigh), common among Canadian Indians. Records of luge sports date back to the middle of the 19th century, when British tourists in the Swiss Alps began to sledge down the snow-covered mountain slopes. The skeleton is a sled with steel skids and a weighted frame, without steering, on which the athlete lies head first in the direction of travel, face down, using special spikes on the boots to control the sled. Skeleton began to develop actively in Russia several years ago. However, already in 2001, Russian athletes showed outstanding results at major international tournaments.
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Tobogganing Tobogganing is a downhill skiing in one or two-seat sledges along a specially constructed track. Bottom line: the faster, the better. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sleigh is steered by bending the skids.
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Ice Hockey Ice hockey is a sport played on a special ice-filled ground by two teams of six players. The goal of the game is to score the puck into the opponent's goal. Hockey is often called the sport of space speeds. The puck flies over the court at great speed, the hockey players rush, the attack changes the attack, then one or the other goalkeeper fends off the strongest shots. And everything keeps repeating. The game is very tiring, every 40 - 50 seconds a replacement is made. The puck is hard to keep track of, and the speeds are increasing. The history of ice hockey is one of the most controversial of all sports. His birthplace has traditionally been Montreal. However, some 16th-century Dutch paintings show quite a few people playing a game similar to hockey on frozen water. But despite this, Canada is still considered the birthplace of modern hockey. On March 3, 1875, the first indoor hockey game was played in Montreal. Now, the Russian hockey team is considered one of the best in the world. She plays on an equal footing with the national teams of such eminent countries in the hockey world as Canada, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, and the USA. We hope that at the Olympics in Sochi in 2014, our team will show itself from the best side and become a champion.
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Curling Curling is a winter sports game on ice in which two teams of four players compete to stop precisely at a specified location of special sports equipment (so-called stones) made of granite. While the stone is sliding, teammates, evaluating its movement, rub the ice with special brushes, which allows you to partially adjust the launch range and the trajectory of the stone. Correction of the trajectory occurs according to simple physical laws: during friction, the ice melts, forming the thinnest film of water, which serves as a lubricant that reduces friction, and when scratching ice, on the contrary, the friction force increases and the stone slides more slowly.
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Paralympic Games The Paralympic Games and the Games (Paralympic Games) are international sports competitions for the disabled. Traditionally held after the main Olympic Games, and since 1992 - in the same cities; in 2001 this practice is enshrined in an agreement between the IOC and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). The Summer Paralympic Games have been held since 1960, and the Winter Paralympic Games since 1976. The Paralympic Games in the world are considered almost as outstanding an event as the Olympics itself. The emergence of sports in which disabled people can participate is associated with the name of the English neurosurgeon Ludwig Gutmann, who, overcoming age-old stereotypes in relation to people with physical disabilities, introduced sports into the process of rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. He proved in practice that sport for people with physical disabilities creates conditions for successful life, restores mental balance, and allows you to return to a full life, regardless of physical disabilities.
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Cross-country skiing and biathlon. One of the oldest sports that originated in northern Europe has now become a Paralympic one. Skiers compete in classic or freestyle riding, as well as in individual and team competitions at distances from 2.5 to 20 km. Depending on their functional limitations, competitors use either traditional skis or a chair equipped with a pair of skis. Blind athletes ride in conjunction with the leader. Skiing. They were first included in the Paralympic Games in 1976 in Sweden. Today this sport is practiced by disabled athletes from more than 35 countries. As well as in conventional alpine skiing, competitions are held in four disciplines: downhill, super giant, giant slalom and slalom. Athletes are divided into different classes: POD, cerebral palsy, amputees and visually impaired. Depending on the injury, they use different equipment: mono-skis, ski or orthopedic aids. Visually impaired athletes compete with the help of voice commands of leaders - coaches. Hockey. As in traditional ice hockey, six players (including the goalkeeper) from each team are on the field at a time. The sled is equipped with skate blades and the players roam the field using iron-tipped sticks. The game consists of three periods, lasting 15 minutes. Curling is a game of great skill and strategy. The first World Cup in Scrolling for players in wheelchairs was held in January 2000 in Switzerland. The sport made its Paralympic debut in Turin in 2006. Each team must be composed of men and women. The competition is held according to WCF rules, with only one modification for wheelchair users - no cleaning. Today, this sport is developing in more than 16 countries.
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The presentation on the topic "Winter Olympic Sports" (grade 5) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Physical culture. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 16 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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Winter olympic sports
Biathlon Bobsleigh Skeleton Curling Speed skating Figure skating Short track Alpine skiing
Nordic combined Cross-country skiing Ski jumping Snowboarding Freestyle Luge Hockey
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Biathlon was first included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games in 1960. Although back in 1924, military patrol competitions were held as part of the Winter Olympic Games, and medals were awarded to their participants. Since 1960, biathlon has been consistently included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. At first, only individual 20 km races were held for men. In 1968, a 4x7.5 km relay for men was added to them. Two more Olympics, in 1980, 10 km sprint races for men were introduced into the Olympic program. Women began to compete in the Olympics only in 1992, when three types of programs were introduced at once - an individual race for 15 km, a 3x7.5 km relay and a 7.5 km sprint At the 2002 and 2006 Olympics, two new competitions for men were introduced and for women - the pursuit and mass start, respectively. It is planned that at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the mixed relay will be included in the Olympic program. Thus, today biathlon at the Winter Olympics is a complex of competitions, including individual races, sprint races, pursuit races, mass starts and relay races for men and women. By the number of medals played, biathlon has become one of the leading sports at the Winter Olympics.
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Bobsleigh (from the English bobsleigh) is a winter Olympic sport, which is a downhill from the mountains along specially equipped ice tracks on controlled sledges - beans. Bobsleigh became widespread in a number of European countries, where competitions began to be held, and then national championships in this sport. They have been held in Austria since 1908, and in Germany since 1910.
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Skeleton
Skeleton is a sport from the Winter Olympics. It was first introduced in 1928 at the games in St. Moritz. Then, in 2 subsequent Olympics in 1932 and 1936, the skeleton was not presented. In 1948, again in St. Moritz, the skeleton returned to the "white" Olympics, since it was in St. Moritz that there was the only track for the skeleton. After that, the skeleton did not appear at the Olympic Games for a long time, and, finally, in 2002 in Salt Lake City, the skeleton was again presented at the Olympics, after which it participated in all subsequent games. In the same 2002, women's competitions were included in the program.
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Curling is a team sport played on ice. The participants of the two teams alternately launch special heavy granite projectiles (“stones”) across the ice towards a target marked on the ice (“houses”).
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Skating
Speed skating has been an Olympic sport since 1924. Women's competitions have been held since 1960, after women competed in demonstration races at the 1932 Olympics. At the moment, 6 sets of medals for men and women are played at the Olympic Games. The youngest type, the team pursuit, was added at the 2006 Games in Turin.
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Figure skating
Figure skating was included in the Olympic Games in 1908. The next time figure skating competitions were held at the 1920 Olympics. Further, starting from the first Winter Olympics in 1924, figure skaters participated in all Winter Olympics.
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Short track
Short track (eng. short track - a short track), a type of speed skating, which consists in overcoming the competitive distance as quickly as possible inside the hockey rink (the circumference of the rink is 111.12 m). Short track skating originated in Canada in the early 20th century. At the 1988 Calgary Olympics, short track speed skating was the demonstration sport. And in the program of the Winter Olympic Games appeared in 1992. Since the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer (1994) - in the competition program: individual championship in the 500 m, 1000 m and 1500 m (men and women) and the relay race for 3000 m (women) and 5000 m (men). Athletes run counterclockwise around the oval circle of the rink 4.4 laps - 500 m, 9 - 1000 m, 27 - 3000 m and 45 - 5000 m
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Skiing
Alpine skiing - descent from the mountains on special skis. The program of the Olympic Games in alpine skiing includes 10 types of competitions: five among men and five among women, including downhill, slalom, giant slalom, super giant and super combined. The rules for all events are the same, but the tracks are different. There are 10 sets of awards in total.
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Nordic combined
Nordic combined is an Olympic sport. Another name is the northern combination. Includes the following disciplines: jumping from a 90-meter springboard (2 attempts, points for attempts are summed up) and a 15 km freestyle ski race. For each of these disciplines, there are general rules with minor additions. The starting position of the participants on the second day of the competition on the ski track is determined by the place taken on the previous day in ski jumping. The winner is the first to go to the distance, the rest are awarded 5 seconds for each point of delay on the springboard (Gundersen system).
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Ski race
Cross-country skiing - ski racing for a certain distance along a specially prepared track among persons of a certain category (age, gender, etc.). They belong to cyclic sports. The first ski race was held in Norway in 1767. Then the example of the Norwegians was followed by the Swedes and Finns, and later the passion for racing arose in Central Europe. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. in many countries there were national ski clubs. In 1924, the International Ski Federation (FIS) was created. In 2000 FIS had 98 national federations.
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ski jumping
Ski jumping is a sport that includes ski jumping from specially equipped ski jumps. They act as an independent sport, and are also included in the Nordic combined program. Member of the International Ski Federation
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snowboarding
Snowboarding is an extreme sport that consists in descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains on a special equipment - a snowboard. Initially a winter sport, although some extreme sportsmen have mastered it even in summer, snowboarding on sandy slopes (sandboarding). Since, often, snowboarding takes place on unprepared slopes and at high speeds, a variety of equipment is used to protect against injuries - helmets, protection of joints, arms, legs, backs. In 1998, at the Winter Olympics in Nagano, snowboarding was included in the Olympic program for the first time.
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Freestyle
Freestyle is a sport from the Winter Olympics. It was first introduced in 1988 at the Calgary games as demonstration performances. Freestyle has been part of the Olympic program since 1992. Freestyle includes ski acrobatics, ski cross, mogul and new school skiing. Ski ballet - one of the freestyle disciplines that existed until 1999, was excluded from the programs of official competitions. The ballet consisted of a descent along a gentle slope to musical accompaniment with a demonstration of the elements of sliding, steps, rotations, and jumps.
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luge
Luge is a competition in downhill skiing on a single or double sledge along a pre-prepared track. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sleigh is controlled by changing the position of the body.
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The first Olympic ice hockey tournament took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, ice hockey has moved to the program of the Winter Olympic Games. An ice hockey tournament among women's teams has been included in the Olympic program since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In 1983, at the IIHF session, the 1920 competition received the status of an independent world championship, but not a separate hockey Olympic tournament. Between 1920 and 1968, the Ice Hockey World Championship was held as part of the Olympic Games.
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Ice-skating race
Speed skating is a sport in which it is necessary to overcome the competitive distance as quickly as possible in an ice stadium in a closed circle. Men's speed skating has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games since 1924, and competitions among women have been held since 1960. The modern program of the Winter Olympic Games includes the passage of short distances - 500, 1000, 1500 m, and long distances - 3000, 5000, 10000 m. Competitors run in pairs - one on the outside, the other on the inside lanes.
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Short track
Short track comes from the English short track, which means "short track". This is a kind of speed skating. Competitions are held on ice inside the ice hockey rink. The circumference of the rink is 111.12 m. Short track has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. There are six types of competitions in the program - the individual championship in the 500 and 1000 meters for men and women, and the relay race for 3000 meters for women and 5000 meters for men. The baton can be passed from one athlete to another at any point in the distance by touching any part of the body. The athlete usually pushes his teammate from behind, helping to complete the course faster.
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Figure skating
In single skating for both men and women and in pair skating, they include the so-called short program - performance for a certain time to music chosen by the athletes, 8 prescribed elements with connecting steps, and a free program - performance for a certain time to music , chosen by the athletes, compositions from unprescribed elements. In sports ice dancing, competitions consist of compulsory, prescribed, dances, original dance, with the required rhythm, and free dance, to the music chosen by the athletes. Since 1924, figure skating has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. Sports dancing on ice has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games since 1976. In each type of Olympic competition, a country can enter one participant or a couple.
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Curling
Curling is a sports game in which opposing teams, 4 people each, strive to hit a target drawn on ice with a bat (stone), a disc with a handle weighing 20 kg and measuring 30 x 40 cm. The batting line is located at a distance of about 31 m from the target. The goal of the game is to hit the target with the bat by pushing the opponent's bat out of it. Curling was included in the program of the XVIII Winter Olympic Games in 1994.
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Hockey
For men, at the beginning, matches are held in two preliminary groups of 6 teams. 4 strongest teams from both groups then meet in the quarter-finals, the winners of which advance to the semi-finals, where the participants in the final matches for 1-2 and 3-4 places are determined. In the "consolation" meetings, the teams determine the places of 5th to 8th. Women first compete in two preliminary groups of 4 teams. The winners of the group tournaments then meet with the teams that took 2nd places in the groups (cross). The "A" final is then played by the winners of the semi-finals, while the "B" final is played by the losing teams. The teams that ended up in the preliminary tournaments on the 3rd and 4th places, according to the same principle, play the final 5-8th places.
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Ski race
Cross-country skiing - a kind of skiing - cross-country skiing competitions on a specially prepared track. Classical distances: for men - individual ski races for 10, 15 km (up to 1952 for 18 km), 30 and 50 km, as well as a 4x10 km relay race; for women - individual ski races for 5, 10, 15 (since 1989), 30 km (in 1978-1989 - 20 km), as well as a 4x5 km relay race. Cross-country skiing has been part of the programs of all Winter Olympics since 1924.
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Ski jumping
The traditional individual competitions of men in ski jumping with springboards of different design capacity (K-90 and K-120) have been supplemented in the last decade with a team competition. The team consists of 4 jumpers, the final result is determined by the total score for the technique and the distance of two test jumps of each team member, i.e. for eight jumps.
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Skiing
Introduced into the Olympic program in 1936 at the IV Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany). The ski program includes the following 5 disciplines: slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, downhill and combination (slalom and downhill). In each competitive exercise for men and women, the tracks have fairly strict basic parameters in terms of length, height difference, number of gates and distance between the gates.
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Nordic combined
It is a competition for men in ski jumping and cross country skiing. In all types of the program, both exercises are now performed by participants on one competitive day. For many years they competed only in the classic biathlon - ski jumping with K-90 power (Day 1) and 15 km cross-country skiing (Day 2). Then (in 1982) a team competition was added to the program with the participation of 3 athletes in jumping from the springboard of the same power and in the 3 x 10 km ski relay.
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Freestyle
He made his debut at the XVI Winter Olympics in Albertville (France, 1992). Mogul - a descent along a hilly slope about 250 m long between bumps located in a checkerboard pattern along the most accurate straight line and with the obligatory performance of two different jumps on hills-jumps. Acrobatics - skiers-acrobats accelerate from the slope, enter a specially profiled springboard and, flying up, perform acrobatic elements of varying complexity.
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snowboarding
Halfpipe (translated from English as half a pipe) is carried out on the track, which is a gutter 3-4 m deep and 110 m long. Accelerating along the gutter from edge to edge, athletes perform various acrobatic elements at the edges of the gutter. In parallel giant slalom, two parallel slalom tracks of equal length, height difference and number of gates are laid on the slope for the simultaneous start of two participants. Each pair makes two attempts, always changing lanes after the first run. At boardcross. It is carried out on a complex, high-speed track about 1200 m long with jumps, turns, and various irregularities. Participants start in quartets, of which the two best (in terms of time) advance to the next round. Snowboarding - introduced into the Olympic program at the XVIII Winter Games in Nagano (Japan, 1998)
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Biathlon
Biathlon - a modern winter biathlon - is a cross-country skiing with a weapon over a set distance and shooting at targets from a prone position and standing on the firing lines. Biathletes competed for the first Olympic medals at the VIII Winter Olympic Games in 1960 (Squaw Valley, USA).
Skeleton
Skeleton (this name has not only a sport, but also the sled itself) is a special sled without steering with steel skids and a weighted frame (up to 50 kg), 70 cm long and 38 cm wide. During the descent, the athlete lies on the sled with his head forward, face down and uses special spikes on the toes of the boots and body movements to control the sled. The length of the track in the skeleton is 1435 m with 19 turns, the height difference at the start and finish is 114 m. The speed of the descent reaches 130 km/h.
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Bobsled
The sleigh here, referred to as a bean, has an all-metal body of a streamlined shape, which is mounted on two pairs of skating runners: a front movable one with a steering wheel and a fixed rear one with a brake. At competitions, double beans (two) are used - length no more than 2.7 m, weight no more than 165 kg, crew weight no more than 200 kg and four-seat (four) - respectively 3.8 m, 230 kg, 400 kg. At the start, crew members at a distance of 50 m are allowed to accelerate the sled, while in 6 seconds. they often reach speeds of 30 km/h. Then they sit in the sled behind the helmsman, crouching close to him.
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