Some tips for mastering public speaking skills. Reproducing the meaning of what was read

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Poets are born, orators are made
Cicero

Cicero's famous saying reveals a great truth. Everything can be learned.

The gift of eloquence is not given by birth, it is acquired through hard work and constant training.

Thus, to truly master the art of public speaking, exercises and training must be systematic and constant. Experts recommend doing them at least once a week.

Skillful speech and free expression of thoughts can be achieved with the help of not very difficult, but regular exercises. It is recommended to perform them 20-30 times during the day.

Reading out loud

Taking any newspaper or magazine article, you need to read it out loud, addressing an imaginary audience. When reading, you should try to run ahead a little, memorizing what you wrote in a small passage, so that you can then reproduce it.

Reproducing the meaning of what was read

A passage of two to five sentences is read and retold. In this case, the goal is to remember details, for which literal retelling is used whenever possible. It is necessary to try to formulate thoughts and speech, telling what you read in your own words.

Development of speech thinking

Oratory techniques include the concept of “speech thinking,” which specifically means that a sentence or phrase is built on the basis of key words or key sentences. These words encourage the speaker to build sentences and expand ideas around the main keywords.

Thus, keywords become certain fixed points around which other words move freely. The manager finds points of support and “rotates” the thought around them in different formulations. Finding these keywords and their new formulations is the very activity in this exercise.

Another modification of this exercise is to read half a sentence out loud and continue it in your own words. Definition training—the formulation of concepts—is also useful here. This exercise will allow the manager, like any speaker, to learn how to formulate the definition of a subject as specifically as possible, identifying and defining its essence accurately, clearly and succinctly.

Storytelling

Taking any story, anecdote or note, you need to tell it vividly, vividly, imaginatively and captivatingly. This could be the story of a life or one day lived. For example, one day in the life of a manager. For long story You can mentally develop a short plan.

The beginning of a story or story should always be intriguing, interesting and have a hint of tension. During the climax of the story, the tension reaches its peak, and the end of the story gives the listener the opportunity to relax and take a breath, while the tension subsides.

You should not focus on mistakes or hesitations in speech. Most likely, listeners will not suspect arbitrary pauses in them, so they will look natural. But after that, it’s still worth taking care and eliminating any interference that may arise.

Paraphrasing a business message

The task is to reproduce in free form in your own words the essence and content of a newspaper article or article based on keywords selected from it. The article is paraphrased several times. In this case, it is necessary to compress its content into one sentence and expand it by adding your own opinion.

Speech should be coherent, smooth, without forced and unjustified delays or pauses. In the exercise, you must paraphrase at least ten sentences. This exercise also includes a description of the picture and the images depicted on it, details, and mutual connections between them.

Thematic message

Having chosen a topic, for example, a hobby, you need to make a five-minute message on this topic. When addressing imaginary listeners, you need to alternate, pronouncing the speech once out loud, and another time mentally, to yourself.

In the exercise, it is better to adhere to the following tactics: use keywords at the beginning of the message, and end it in free form. At the same time, you should not focus on the correct construction of phrases, but focus on the smooth and calm flow of speech. If there is a mistake in a spoken word or sentence, do not stop, calmly finish the sentence. In order to track errors, it is better to speak a message into a voice recorder.

Oratory and the art of speech, rhetoric exercises imply constant replenishment vocabulary. This is a very important part of training. A rich vocabulary will help make language, speech and its style diverse and unique.

Studying the speech of other speakers

Watching, listening and constantly studying the speech of other speakers is good practice. When listening to reports, discussions, broadcasts, sermons, the manager should analyze what he heard from the perspective of content and from the perspective of the characteristics of speech.

The first position includes analysis of the presentation of content, compliance with the plan, logic of presentation, imagery, stylistic devices. The second includes assessing the strength of the voice, the pitch of timbre, stress, how smoothly the speaker pronounces the speech, his articulation and gestures.

Speech analysis

Listening to the speeches of speakers, famous politicians, famous personalities, taking rhetorical tools as the basis for analysis, is one of the useful and effective trainings. In this case, you should pay attention to:

the way the speaker makes an introduction and conclusion;
uses comparisons;
imagery of speech;
the presence of repetitions, exaggerations and contrasts;
play on words.

In this case, you definitely need to notice where and how the increase in speech tension and its decline occur, as well as monitor other means of influencing speech used by the speaker.

Practice through discussions

The most effective method there were and remain practical exercises, oratory skills are honed through discussions. You can start practicing among friends or colleagues, only briefly engaging in debate and speaking out about certain issues.

This practice will help you gradually transition to speaking in front of a larger, less familiar audience. A manager or sales agent must learn to speak, debate, listen to opponents and defend his point of view.

Giving a report

Now the time has come for the real speech or the first serious speech. Preparing your own business message is another way to develop public speaking skills. When preparing a business message, it is better to choose a topic that is familiar to you.

During preparation, as well as throughout the entire speech, you must constantly ask yourself what rhetorical means can be supplemented with the speech so that it looks visual, organic, flexible and accessible. You may need to present maps, charts, or graphs to the audience.

You need to try to make an attractive and non-dry beginning, so that listeners from the first words begin to listen attentively to the speech and come into a state of intense attention. To do this, the manager or sales agent must constantly put himself in the place of the listener.

For example, bare numbers will not tell the listener much, but if you provide a clear example and connect these numbers with life, they will come to life, take on “flesh and blood”, touch, touch, then the words will catch on. But this is what the speaker should achieve.

When using a thought-provoking technique, a good place to start is with an unexpected question or statement. This will arouse interest in the listener, firstly, and secondly, it will give an impetus to reflect on what he heard. As the manager or any other speaker presents facts, it is also necessary to provide a solution to the problem being discussed, if the speech touches on one.

If in a report or business message a manager begins to give his personal opinion, then he has moved on to speech expressing an opinion. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between what relates to a business message and what is a personal opinion and is interpreted by the speaker himself.

Expressive speech should become one of the main tools not only of masters of eloquence, but also of every sales agent or manager. It is necessary to constantly develop rhetorical abilities. Online video exercises will help improve public speaking.

The ability to speak beautifully and correctly will be useful to every person throughout life. A competently delivered speech indicates that the person is educated and interesting. And people of certain professions will definitely need this skill. For a certain circle of people, you just need to complete courses in rhetoric.

This science says that a person is constantly in communication. To make such communication effective in achieving the necessary goals, rhetoric is created. In Russian culture there were many worthy representatives who belong to the geniuses of oratory:

Mikhail Lomonosov;
Nikolai Gogol;
V. Zhukovsky;
F. Plevako.

These individuals were able to establish their significance in Russian history by their ability to convey ideas clearly to the point and with the necessary intonation to others. Rhetoric teaches the rules of speaking:

take into account who the person is talking to;
how to speak;
why is it necessary to communicate?
use correct intonation;
rhythm of speech;
persuasiveness;
literacy;
vocabulary.

Knowing all the components will help you achieve success in any area of life. Such skills will be useful both at work and in personal life. With the help of rhetoric, a person becomes a person who, with the help of communication, can bypass many conflict situations and stress.

This science teaches how to get out of a difficult situation without offending your interlocutor. You can find several options for solving difficulties and choose the only correct one. Rhetoric helps us realize that the value of words in communication between people is above all else. An excellent textbook on rhetoric and oratory was written by A. Volkov. Russian rhetoric courses can be completed in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In such classes, a book on rhetoric written by Volkov is actively used.

Who needs to take the course

politics;
journalists;
presenters of cultural events;
speakers;
teachers;
managers;
professions related to negotiations;
diplomats.

This is not the entire list of professions that require public speaking skills. Everyone should be able to present relevant information without unnecessary words. Learning to correctly voice thoughts and desires is the key to success in any business. Such courses in rhetoric and public speaking will help you feel confident in any situation.

If the interlocutor clearly understands what is being said from the first words, then contact and understanding between the people communicating will be achieved many times faster. Skillfully using intonation and having a sufficient supply of vocabulary will allow you to achieve your goals in life and work in a short time. To do this, you need to take a course in Russian rhetoric.

In your personal life, such knowledge will help you get rid of conflict situations and litter. In raising children, the ability to persuade and calmly prove that you are right comes in handy almost every day. In this way, children will learn to resolve issues with their interlocutors calmly and express their thoughts correctly.

A.A. Volkov and a textbook on the basics of rhetoric

Volkov's teaching on Russian rhetoric refers to literature that brings a lot of benefit to readers and is fascinating, but sometimes reading is not easy. This textbook contains the basic rules and knowledge concerning the science of communicating correctly.

Each chapter describes in detail the rules and components of rhetoric. For example, an entire section is devoted to the ability to select words and use specific ones in certain place dialogue or monologue. Selecting arguments at the right moment is a separate chapter of the textbook.
The book describes in detail how public speech is structured. It should have an introduction, middle and ending. Each part of the performance has its own goals and contains certain intonations and rhythms.
The book was written based on lectures that Volkov gave at universities in Moscow. These classes were held at philological faculties of legal philosophy and other areas. Famous politicians and TV stars studied rhetoric from this book.
The textbook is based on the rule for studying Russian rhetoric - to present the doctrine using rules and regulations. These rules do not allow or prohibit certain actions, but only teach, from the mistakes of famous speakers, to use the correct components of the ability to express a thought.
The textbook uses classical terminology, but in some sections new terms and concepts are introduced. The basis of the rules is the ability to select arguments. The speaker must learn to prove what is right, not unfoundedly, but with the help of specific arguments that will 100% convince a person that the speaker is right. These provisions are included in the course on rhetoric and public speaking.

Rhetoric courses

Many courses use a book on rhetoric written by Volkov in their curriculum. Teachers adapt the material for easy comprehension and consider it specific examples. Students in this style perceive information more easily.

Courses in Moscow and St. Petersburg are conducted by experienced speakers and philosophers. During the classes, demonstration oratory performances are held, and students are given the opportunity to speak in front of an audience.

The course is designed for audiences over 18 years old. It is useful for students to attend such classes to strengthen their personality and the ability to convey ideas to others. The course in Russian rhetoric is indicated for people who have complexes related to communication. Classes will help you get rid of them and become more confident.

Courses in Moscow are held at the University of Oratory and Rhetoric on the street. 2-ya Brestskaya 39. Classes are held on weekends lasting 8 hours. The cost of the courses per week is 14,000 rubles.
In St. Petersburg, training takes place at Rhetorika Art on 2nd Murinsky Prospekt, 43. Classes are held every day for 4 hours. On Tuesday and Thursday classes are held in the evening. Price full course 7,000 rubles. Lessons via Skype are available – 1 hour, 1000 rubles.

After completing this course in St. Petersburg or Moscow, career growth, communication skills, getting rid of complexes during communication, the ability to persuade and avoid conflict situations are guaranteed. After classes, a person feels more confident in society and achieves his goals with even more enthusiasm.

Oratory- one of the most popular training topics. And this is not surprising, because many people need the skills of rhetoric and public speaking. Oratory skills are necessary both for work tasks and in order to be an interesting conversationalist and a charismatic leader.

On public speaking training special exercises are used that open up the participants, develop their ability to speak easily, convincingly and beautifully, and help participants master the great art of oratory.

And trainers who teach public speaking often have a question about where to get new interesting exercises that will not only strengthen the participants’ speaking skills, but also actively involve the group, increase its energy and motivation, and will be liked and remembered by the training participants.

Experts from the largest professional portal for trainers, the site, have selected for you several high-quality exercises for developing public speaking skills, which you can safely use in your public speaking trainings.

Exercise to develop oratory skills “Debates”

Target: training to speak in front of a group, developing argumentation skills.

Time: 10 minutes per participant.

Number of participants: unlimited.

Carrying out the exercise:

The presenter sets the topic of the speech and calls two participants. They take turns speaking on a chosen topic for 2 minutes. After the speech, the participant answers questions from the audience. His opponent has the right to ask first.

Then his opponent speaks in the same format, also for 2 minutes.

Each new pair is given a new topic.

Exercise for public speaking training “Linked Words”

Target: training creativity in speech.

Time: five minutes per participant.

Number of participants: unlimited.

Carrying out the exercise:

The presenter prepares several tickets (pieces of paper) in advance. Each one has one word written on it (for example, penguin, hat, umbrella, etc.). The participant draws two tickets at random and composes a 2-minute speech in which he plays on these words. You need to make a logical presentation.

After the performance, listeners give feedback:

How logical was the presentation? Related? Beautiful?
I wonder if you noticed these 2 words?

Recommendation from an expert on the largest portal for trainers, Olga Paratnova’s website:

To make the process go more quickly, it is more convenient to do this exercise in micro groups, for example, 6–7 participants. This way, less time will be needed, and the participants will not get tired.

The inclusion of the group will be even higher if you give them the opportunity to write 2-3 tickets themselves, then put them in a common basket (in each micro group), and pull it out from there.

Exercise to develop public speaking skills “Interview”

Target: training in argumentation and stress resistance.

Time: 5–7 minutes per participant.

Number of participants: unlimited.

Carrying out the exercise:

We call two participants. One conducts, the other conducts the interview. The purpose of the negotiations is to get a job or increase your salary. In these negotiations, the applicant should use as much argumentation as possible why they should hire him (or why it is really necessary to increase his salary).

Then we summarize:

Were you able to complete the task?
What helped/hurt?

Then the participants change roles in the same pair.

These exercises are taken from free sources, so you need to keep in mind that they:

may already be known to your members. This is worth clarifying before carrying out the exercises.
do not contain detailed instructions and methods of conducting the exercise. and most likely, you will need to run them several times to find the most successful and effective format.

When you need exercises on other topics and want them to be:

the best exercises for trainings
exclusive exercises, known only to a narrow circle of professional trainers
exercises with detailed instructions coaching methodology for conducting them, explaining exactly how to carry out the exercise and summarize the exercise in order to achieve the best result,

you can choose such exercises for professional coaching portal

This portal grew out of the largest training center “Sinton”. Over more than 30 years of work as a center, Sinton has probably collected largest database best games and exercises for business trainings and personal trainings.

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The “My Capital” exercise is exclusive; you will not find it on any other resource.

This is a challenge game, a competition game, at the beginning of which all participants in the training have an equal amount of resources, and at the end of the game the participants find themselves with very different results. During this exercise, group members are lined up in a clear ranking, and the one who knows how to look at what is happening impartially, objectively, and correctly evaluate other people has a greater chance of winning.

Usually, the game “My Capital” evokes many different emotions and provides rich food for thought. And it leaves no one indifferent - that’s for sure!

The “Traffic Light” exercise is unique because it is the original development of psychology professor N.I. Kozlov.

An exercise incredibly effective in its effectiveness, capable of making a “revolution” in the minds of the training participants in just an hour. A real "pearl".

Many people do not know how to appreciate what they already have in their lives: material, spiritual benefits, relationships with loved ones. If, in an unexpected way, a person loses what he previously had, he finds himself in a state of emotional negativity. And the stronger the degree of negativity the event, the more difficult it is for a person to maintain his positive attitude towards people in particular and towards life in general. Using this tool, the trainer helps participants, without going through a situation of loss in life, take an inventory of their values, while simultaneously reducing their emotional involvement in an unpleasant situation.

A good targeted exercise that allows you to quickly help solve one of the most exciting issues: “How to choose a job (business, profession) that would be not only profitable, but also pleasant (interesting)?”

Simple technology will help the training participants to believe that, firstly, the combination of “favorite job” is very possible, and secondly, to take an inventory of their desires, skills and correlate them with activities (professions) that can generate profit.

With a high degree of probability, this exercise can be called a “win-win option,” so it is perfect not only for experienced trainers, but also for beginners.

Simple and effective exercise, capable of short term change the participants' attitude towards their shortcomings, raise self-esteem, increase self-confidence and open up a world of positive thinking.

One of the best of its kind.

The exercise significantly increases the energy and involvement of the group, creates a positive atmosphere and activates the creativity of the participants.

We recommend unique coaching techniques for the best exercises for training:

Exercise for trainings "$10,000"

A first-class example of a challenge exercise , capable of increasing the energy of the group, activating its creative potential and setting it up for the most interested perception of the theory. This is a training exercise - real test the ability of training participants to agree among themselves.

Exercise for training"$10 000" copes well with the task of “immersing” participants in the conditions where they needagree not formally, but truly. As a result, the trainer has not only participants ready to train, but also perfect example to analyze losing and winning negotiation strategies.
Coaching exercise manualdeveloped by professionals and contains a lot of unique recommendations,tips and coaching tricks that allow you to carry out the exercise with maximum results. You won't find this anywhere else!
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Unique technique "Feeling"

A rare training exercise, described using an example of its implementation famous trainer and psychologist, dDoctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor N.I. Kozlov.

Deep Exercise , which allows you to teach the group one of the powerfuleffective communication technician“Feeling”, which helps understand and feel your partner in communication, teaches you to have a more positive attitude towards people around you, to notice them more often best qualities, it’s easier to get in touch with them and negotiate.

Exclusive recommendations from professionals! Unique coaching exercisesdeveloped by experts especially for the portal Trenerskaya.ru., contains a lot of coaching recommendations andtips to help you perform the exercise in the best way. You won't find this anywhere else!
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Court
An effective and profound exercise for personal growth training, confidence training. This is a training exercisecan cause real changes in the self-esteem of training participants.The exercise is really similar to a court hearing, so it will undoubtedly become bright and important event training for all participants who get the opportunity to publicly hear feedback from their group colleagues. Despite the fact that feedback is given in a constructive form, it still contains both “positive” and “negative” remarks, and thereforewill be a real test for the group.
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IN modern world the key to success is mastering the skill of public speaking. This is a special art in which every person can rediscover himself. He will speak beautifully and correctly, feel confident in front of any audience, and be interesting in communication. Of course, there are people who are endowed with this ability from birth, but there are very few of them. Therefore, a person deprived of God’s gift should not worry; if desired, he can learn oratory. Age does not play a special role in this case, because it is never too late to acquire new knowledge and skills.

Content:

Of course, there are professions that simply oblige you to thoroughly learn art of oratory. These include politicians, judges, teachers, actors, announcers, etc. Even if you do not consider yourself to be in these categories, such skill in any case cannot harm you. Apart from the benefits, there can be no talk of anything else. It can be useful in life, for example, when applying for a job, and when making new acquaintances. Thus, this is art at its most different situations can provide an invaluable service.

What is public speaking?

This is the art of the living word. A person who owns it can easily convey thoughts to others. At the same time, his sentences are beautiful and clear. He feels confident because his speech is attractive and interesting. This is exactly what oratory teaches. The degree of mastery of it may vary, but you need to work on yourself in any case. Often in life we are faced with situations when we have to think about how to say or answer a question. To look convincing, you cannot do without important techniques of special skill.

Oratory and rhetoric participate in the formation of style and logical statements. They help avoid unwanted pauses and develop memory. Ordinary speech turns into attractive and is filled with the necessary emotions. A real speaker is always more interesting to the public than one who does not know how to correctly formulate his thoughts. In addition, timely arguments and facts contribute to the successful resolution of controversial issues. And this is a kind of guarantee of the best way out of conflict situations. Untrained people will only rarely be able to formulate their phrases clearly and correctly at the right moment.

History of oratory

The chronicles of oratory are transferred to Ancient Greece. It was here that great craftsmanship was given close attention. This is where the roots of stylistic patterns and the development of speech come from, because before the advent of writing, thoughts were expressed orally.

Greek orators skillfully influenced the public because they mastered the laws of logic and rules oral speech. They were able to achieve that eloquence served as their main weapon from a political point of view. Oratory, being the queen of the arts, could very effectively influence decisions in public affairs.

It is in Ancient Greece the first one was born school of oratory. Its outstanding masters were Demosthenes, Philocrates, Hyperides, Aeschines and others. public figures. Among them, Demosthenes was able to achieve the highest achievements. Without his contribution, it is difficult to imagine oratorical practice and the basics of the theory of rhetoric, where the word was given great importance. People learned from his speeches not only in ancient times; the surviving theories are still relevant today. They are part of the golden fund of rhetoric as a separate science.

Speaking to an audience

Visual perception and appearance

When speaking in front of an audience, the speaker must prepare not only his speech, but also diligently work on appearance. It's no secret that a speaker is first greeted by his appearance. It has long been proven that appearance plays an important role in the first impression. Based on statistics, 55% of persuasive power comes from appearance speaker and visual perception listeners, for tone of voice - 35% and only 10% for words.

Listeners are first and foremost spectators. They will look at the speaker very carefully. Especially the female half pays close attention to detail. The outfit, hairstyle and demeanor will not go unnoticed. A person who is insecure, ill-prepared or indecisive quickly becomes noticeable. The public will not want to concentrate and delve into the essence of it speeches. And no matter how hard the speaker tries, it will be very difficult to win over the audience.

Maintaining attention

The art of oratory This is precisely the ability to deliver a prepared report or a speech constructed on the fly. A true master knows how to quickly navigate and build logical sentences. In addition, he knows how to attract his listeners and interest him in his performance.

For maintaining attention the speaker uses special techniques that allow him not only to win over, but also to tune in to the same psychological wavelength. In this case, gestures and facial expressions, voice and intonation play an important role. After all, it is one thing to listen, and quite another to be heard. The famous poetess M. Tsvetaeva also spoke about this. Under no circumstances should the public be given the slightest reason to be irritated.

Contact with the audience

The speaker's speech is mostly a monologue. However, the speaker needs to be able to find contact with the audience. He must try to establish a connection, even an imaginary one. Only in this case can he count on a response. A good speaker is able to sense the mood of the audience and adjust his speech at the right moment. It is as if he reads the thoughts of the listeners and does not allow them to be distracted from the information being presented. This is similar to a mental dialogue in which the other party does not say their wishes out loud. In turn, this does not distract the speaker, but does not exclude two-way communication.

So art public speaking - This is an imitation of live communication. It is difficult for a beginner to achieve this, but it is quite possible when mastering basic rhetorical techniques. Among them: direct appeal to the audience, filling the speech with emotions, adhering to conversational syntax. Don’t worry in advance, everything comes with experience, you just need to make an effort and patience.

Another important means of establishing two-way communication is eye contact with the speaker. If you read the prepared text and don’t look up from the paper, the public’s interest will quickly disappear. In this case, the speaker independently builds a wall that protects him from the audience. It is not recommended to look at one corner or the ceiling. Only by looking from one listener to another can the speaker count on uniting the audience and achieving the effect of communication, even at the mental level.

You need to be able to read the reaction in the eyes. In this case, the speaker will be able to control the audience. As soon as he notices the first signs of listener fatigue, he can use one of the proven methods to relieve the audience. For example, it could be a memory funny incident, insertion of an aphorism or proverb. It is advisable that they be close to the topic of the speech. You can even step aside from the report and tell a funny joke, winning over the audience. Emotional release when tired will best recreate a friendly atmosphere. All this will allow us to continue the performance, the interest in which will only increase.

Oratory in other types of speech communication

The multifaceted art of oratory includes not only speaking in front of a large audience, but also conducting a dialogue with an interlocutor, debates, discussions, and other types of speech communication. At the same time, the speaker’s speech should always amaze with iron logic, but at the same time be sincere and sensitive. Only in this case can you count on the listener’s interest and disposition.

In any verbal communication, you can show oratory skills and leave an indelible mark, good opinion and earn respect by impressing with an interesting conversation. In this case, important importance is paid not only to the literacy and erudition of the speaker, but also to his emotionality, interest and ability to listen to his interlocutor. Of course, natural abilities also help with this, but the experience gained, speech culture and intelligence are not secondary.

Public speaking training

Anyone can learn public speaking. The main thing is to have a desire and focus on results. You should not be afraid of difficulties that may arise during the learning process. Only patience and diligence will bring the expected results. Even many famous people who were able to achieve success in speaking, initially encountered difficulties. For example, Margaret Thatcher managed to change her shrill voice, which was naturally so. Her hard work studying acting has paid off. Politician In France, Mirabeau learned to present memorized texts in such a way that they began to seem like real improvisation.

Public speaking training can be done independently, but in specialized schools and centers classes will be more effective. Developed programs and psychological trainings are popular ways to get rid of the fear of speaking in front of an audience, develop thinking and memory, replenish conversational skills and gain self-confidence. Here you can learn to formulate thoughts correctly, quickly interest the listener, gain artistic skills and speak beautifully on any topic, including impromptu. Experts will teach you how to choose the right intonation and skillfully use different speech techniques. They will talk about how to benefit from communication, introduce unproductive conversation patterns and reveal ways to avoid “uncomfortable” questions.

What is a good speaker?

Master of Oratory is the person who easily masters the living word and can, with its help, influence an interlocutor or an entire audience. Speaking about such a professional, one cannot fail to mention high level. Good diction eliminates any unclear pronunciation of words and individual sounds. The speaker is pleasant and easy to listen to because there are no tongue twisters or lisps. The power of the voice is manifested not only in volume, but also in the mental impact on the consciousness and will of the listeners. In other words, the speaking technique of a real speaker is approaching perfection.

An accomplished speaker skillfully uses various techniques. For beautiful speech the use is of great importance catchphrases, famous proverbs and a saying. When they are unexpected, but said to the point, the speech seems more interesting and better remembered. Speech culture speaker always judged by the richness of his vocabulary. How more words in the arsenal of a professional, the more interesting it is to communicate with him. And if, in addition to all this, the sentences are laconic and well-constructed, observing the accuracy of word usage and language norms pronunciation, then such a speaker has no price.

Anyone can learn public speaking. At the same time, it is important to tune in to luck and under no circumstances deviate from your goal.
You should never show your excitement to strangers, much less talk about poor preparation.
Avoid monotonous speeches, take proper breaks and highlight the right words. Don't forget about intonation when raising and lowering your voice.
Spend more time on training; it is advisable to rehearse a prepared speech at least 3 times.
Try to interest the audience from the very beginning of your speech by coming up with an intriguing title.
When speaking publicly, try to connect with your audience.
During your speech, change your position and use gestures.

The main advice is this: to master the art of the living word, you need to learn to think beautifully.

What is public speaking? This is the art of public speaking with the goal of convincing the listener of a particular idea using a combination of various techniques. The art of rhetoric itself originated in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome and underwent many changes under the pressure of changing eras.

The importance of rhetoric for human life remains unchanged. Public speaking, first and foremost, teaches you how to be confident and how to instill that confidence in your audience. Good speakers achieve the desired heights in any field, be it own business or teaching career.

Rhetoric opens many doors to new opportunities, but becoming a speaker does not happen overnight. In order to master this art, rhetoric training is necessary, which can be completed independently or in specialized classes. This article examines the main pillars of the art of rhetoric.

The first training is dedicated to writing. Preparation of an oratorical speech before a speech is the basis on which the art of oratory is built. A carefully crafted speech is already half a step towards a successful speech. So, work on speech is usually carried out in several stages.

First you need to collect information and study it thoroughly. It is very important to consult several sources in order to consider the issue from different angles. The speaker should be well-versed not only in all current news, but also in the main trends in all areas of human life. Take sufficient time to study the information. At the end of this stage, you need to structure the collected information.
Next, when working on a speech, the speaker must think about how to attract his audience. The speaker's speech always has as its goal one or another effect on the listener. When preparing for a performance, it is necessary to study the audience, their interests, communication style, etc. The success of a speech is measured by whether the desired effect was achieved or not. To achieve it, you need to speak in a language that the public understands about what interests them.
Learning rhetoric is also about building the purpose of your speech. Aimless ranting in front of the public is the lot of a demagogue. Such speeches do not attract the necessary audience. That is why you need to learn to put at the forefront of your speech this or that pressing problem that needs to be solved. Its solution is the purpose of the speech, uniting the audience and the speaker.
The public trusts the speaker who reveals himself to them as a person. Therefore, it is very important to include your own thoughts on the issue under discussion. Few people will listen to a speaker who does not have a clear position. To do this, you need to pass through your experience and your worldview all the collected information and form your own position.

Oratory is, first of all, the ability to prepare a speech so that it captures the attention of the target audience.

It is equally important to properly prepare for the performance itself.

Preparing for the performance

The rules of public speaking state that any speech must be well planned.

Although the speaker must also be prepared for spontaneous speech. To prepare a speech, the following scheme is usually used.

First of all, you need to give up speaking on paper. You can leave on paper only a plan and short notes about important points that need to be mentioned. Thus, it is better to learn the main part of the speech. This is why public speaking skills include an excellent memory that needs to be trained regularly.
Teaching public speaking also involves following the structure of a speech. This gives the speech logic and integrity. It is necessary to clearly limit the introduction, main part and conclusion. It is advisable to devote special attention namely the introduction, since at this moment the public’s attitude towards the speaker begins to form.
It is recommended to think through the organizational issues of the performance in advance, that is, if possible, familiarize yourself with the performance area, discuss with the organizers technical issues regarding the operation of microphones, prepare water, etc.
Public speaking skills not only include various speaking abilities, but also the ability to look good. A speaker should always look neat, as appearance is the first thing the public notices.

Oratory teaches you to attract people and lead them, which is practically necessary for many professions. However, one is not born an excellent speaker, so teaching rhetoric has been relevant since ancient times to this day.

Techniques of a good speaker

Oratory techniques - what are they? These are well-known tricks that a speaker uses to make a speech accessible to the audience and to increase the digestibility of information. There are a huge number of such techniques. Below are two basic public speaking techniques.

Comparison. Often the speaker's speech is replete with abstract descriptions that are difficult to imagine in the mind. Since information is better perceived when it receives a figurative projection in the mind, the speaker resorts to comparisons that make the abstract more material. To convey a certain mood, the speaker sometimes uses hidden comparisons– metaphors.
Repeat. Everyone knows the expression “Repetition is the mother of learning.” The art of public speaking often refers to this saying, because the more often a person receives the same information, the more firmly it is fixed in his mind. It is very important for a speaker to convey to the listener the main idea of his speech, which is helped by appropriate repetition of the key idea.

In addition to comparison and repetition, the rules of oratory also advise resorting to allegories, rhetorical questions, appeals, hyperboles, irony and other means of speech expression.

Speech technique

Speaking in front of an audience is a kind of physical work. Speakers know that this is often difficult. Oratory and the art of speech requires the speaker to work on the technique of delivering a speech, which includes the following aspects.

Breath

During active speech, the pace of a person’s breathing changes: inhalation becomes shorter and exhalation becomes longer. The rules of oratory must be followed special exercises for staging speech breathing. During inhalation, the speaker requires a larger volume of air, as well as more economical consumption of it during speech. In addition, the evenness of breathing is affected by anxiety, which you need to learn to get rid of.

Volume

Oratory and the art of speech lies in the ability to control one’s own voice. A speaker should be equally good at speaking loudly and softly depending on the situation. Also, within one speech, it is necessary to highlight the main information using changes in the tone of voice.

Diction

Intelligible speech is clear and clear. To achieve correct pronunciation sounds and syllables, speakers carefully monitor the work of their articulatory apparatus and regularly train their diction with the help of tongue twisters.

Pace

Rhetoric oratory tends to average the pace of speech delivery. The speaker should not shoot words like a machine gun, nor should he drawl out his words. As a rule, in the process of learning and gaining experience, the speaker manages to find the most comfortable speech rate for himself and for the listener.

Intonation

Intonation changes make speech bright, lively and more accessible to perception. Expressive reading helps train intonation fiction aloud.

Any undertaking, at first glance, seems difficult, but do not be afraid. With the right approach and diligent study, any craft or art can be mastered—even one as demanding as rhetoric.