Magna cable plant Velikie Luki: products. So, the abbreviation VVG-ng means

Cable VVG ng ls- this is a subtype of VVG cable, just like its “bigger” brother, intended for transmission and distribution electric current in conditions where, at a frequency of up to 50 Hz, a rated voltage of 0.66, 1 or 6 kV is used in certain installations stationary type. However, there are differences. In particular, this cable is most suitable for use in areas where the risk of fire is particularly high. Its marking tells us this.

Decoding of the VVG ng ls cable

Its decoding is straightforward and, in fact, contains a description of the key technical characteristics product. "VVG" means "vinyl-vinyl-naked", which indicates that two layers of polyvinyl chloride are used, and then some protective layer absent. The letters “ng” indicate that the cable is flame retardant. Well, “ls” means “Low Smoke”, that is, in Russian, low level smoke. The absence of the letter “A” means that the cable in question is copper. By the way, don’t be surprised if you come across the less familiar abbreviation frls - it’s the same thing. Simply “fr” means “Fire Resistance”, that is, resistant to fire, and this is essentially the same as “ng”. The use of VVG ng ls due to its properties becomes available in more places, especially in relatively hazardous industries.

Fire resistance test. Comparison with NUM cable

Flammability testing of cables with and without the “NG” index.
1. plot: We burn the cable NUM and VVGng-LS under equal conditions;
2. plot: We burn the NUM cable simulating a group laying;

At its core, this cable is not much different from - however, there are two differences. For example, round cables (and the core form factor can be round, flat or triangular) use halogen-free filler, as well as unvulcanized rubber, which has a very good degree of fire safety. Also, a special insulation coating is used for the cable sheath, which has anti-flammability properties, unlike.

Otherwise, the number of cores can vary from one to six, their cross-sections can reach 240 mm 2, the diameter also changes in proportion to the cross-sectional area, the permissible current, depending on the type and number of wires, can vary from 21A to 704A, and the weight varies from approximately 40 kg/km to several tons for the same one kilometer. If you decide to buy such a cable, carefully read its description in the store - after all, you may come across a product that does not have the characteristics that you need. The price varies greatly depending on the characteristics, and the cost can increase hundreds of times if the number of cores and their total area increases. The traditional service life of such a product is more than thirty years, of which five are usually under warranty.

Temperature range when using VVGng: from -30°С to +50°С

Relative humidity should be up to 98% at +35 degrees Celsius.

Minimum bending radius when laying

• single-core cables - 10 outer diameters,
• multi-core cables - 7.5 outer diameters.

Long-term permissible temperature heating of cable cores during operation: +70°C

Limit temperature of current-carrying conductors of cables under the condition of non-ignition of the cable during short-circuit: + 400°C

Explanation (labeling) Cables and wires made in Russia

Explanation (labeling) of abbreviations used for designations power cables with PVC (vinyl) and rubber insulation (according to GOST 16442-80, TU16.71-277-98, TU 16.K71-335-2004)

A - (first letter) aluminum core, if there is no letter - copper core.
AC - Aluminum core and lead sheath.
AA - Aluminum core and aluminum sheath.
B - Armor made of two steel strips with anti-corrosion coating.
Bn - The same, but with a non-flammable protective layer (non-flammable).
b – Without a pillow.
B - (first (in the absence of A) letter) PVC insulation.
B - (second (in the absence of A) letter) PVC shell.
D - At the beginning of the designation, this is a cable for mining, at the end of the designation, there is no protective layer over the armor or sheath (“bare”).
d - Waterproof tapes for sealing the metal screen (at the end of the designation).
2d - Aluminum polymer tape over a sealed screen.
Shv - Protective layer in the form of an extruded PVC hose (shell).
Шп - Protective layer in the form of an extruded hose (shell) made of polyethylene.
Shps – Protective layer made from an extruded hose made of self-extinguishing polyethylene.
K - Armor made of round galvanized steel wires, on top of which a protective layer is applied. If it appears at the beginning of the designation, it means a control cable.
C – Lead sheath.
O - Separate shells on top of each phase.
R – Rubber insulation.
NR - Rubber insulation and sheath made of flame retardant rubber.
P - Insulation or shell made of thermoplastic polyethylene.
Ps - Insulation or shell made of self-extinguishing, non-flammable polyethylene.
Pv - Insulation made of vulcanized polyethylene.
BBG - Armor of profiled steel tape.
ng - Non-flammable.
LS - Low Smoke - low smoke and gas emissions.
KG - Flexible cable.

Cable with BPI - impregnated paper insulation (according to GOST 18410-73):

A - (first letter) aluminum core, if it is absent - copper core by default. If in the middle of the designation after the symbol of the core material, then the aluminum sheath.
B – Armor made of flat steel strips (after the shell material symbol).
AB - Aluminum armor.
SB - (first or second (after A) letter) lead armor.
C – Shell material is lead.
O - Separately leaded conductor.
P - Armor made of flat galvanized steel wires.
K - Armor made of round galvanized steel wires.
B – Paper insulation with depleted impregnation (at the end of the designation) through a dash.
b – Without a pillow.
l - The pillow contains an additional 1 Mylar ribbon.
2l - The pillow contains an additional double lavsan ribbon.
n – Non-flammable outer layer. Placed after the armor symbol.
Shv - The outer layer in the form of an extruded hose (shell) made of polyvinyl chloride.
Шп – Outer layer in the form of a pressed hose (shell) made of polyethylene.
Shvpg - The outer layer is made of a pressed hose made of low-flammability polyvinyl chloride.
(ozh) – Cables with single-wire conductors (at the end of the designation).
U - Paper insulation with increased heating temperature (at the end of the designation).
C – Paper insulation impregnated with a non-drip compound. Placed in front of the designation.

Control cable (according to GOST 1508-78):

A - (first letter) aluminum core, if it is absent - copper core by default.
B - (second (in the absence of A) letter) PVC insulation.
B - (third (in the absence of A) letter) PVC shell.
P - Polyethylene insulation.
Ps - Insulation made of self-extinguishing polyethylene.
D - Lack of a protective layer (“bare”).
R – Rubber insulation.
K - (first or second (after A) letter) - control cable.
Besides KG - flexible cable.
F – PTFE insulation.
E - At the beginning of the designation - a power cable for special mine conditions, in the middle or at the end of the designation - a shielded cable.

Hanging wires:

A - Aluminum bare wire.
AC - Aluminum-Steel (the word “steel-aluminum” is more often used) bare wire.
SIP - Self-supporting Insulated Wire.
ng - Non-flammable.

Power, installation wires and connecting cords:

A - Aluminum, the absence of the letter A in the wire brand means that the current-carrying conductor is made of copper.
P (or Ш) – the second letter, denotes a wire (or cord).
R – Rubber insulation.
B – PVC insulation.
P – Polyethylene insulation.
N – Nairite rubber insulation.
The number of cores and cross-section are indicated as follows: put a dash; record the number of cores; put a multiplication sign; record the cross-section of the core.
Brands of wires and cords may contain other letters that characterize other structural elements:
D - Double wire.
O - Braid.
T - For installation in pipes.
P - Flat with a dividing base.
G - Flexible.

Mounting wires:

M – Installation wire (placed at the beginning of the designation).
G - Multi-wire conductor (the absence of a letter indicates that the conductor is single-wire).
Ш - Polyamide silk insulation.
C - Film insulation.
B - Polyvinyl chloride insulation.
K - Nylon insulation.
L – Lacquered.
C - Fiberglass winding and braiding.
D - Double braid.
O - Polyamide silk braid.
E – Shielded.
ME - Enameled.

Explanation (labeling) of some special abbreviations:

KSPV - Cables for Transmission Systems in Vinyl sheath.
KPSVV - Cables Fire Alarm, Vinyl insulated, Vinyl sheathed.
KPSVEV - Fire Alarm Cables, with Vinyl insulation, with Screen, in Vinyl sheath.
PNSV - Heating wire, Steel core, Vinyl sheath.
PV-1, PV-3 - Wire with Vinyl insulation. 1, 3 - core flexibility class.
PVS - Wire in Vinyl Sheath Connecting.
SHVVP - Cord with Vinyl insulation, Vinyl sheathed, Flat.
PUNP - Universal Flat Wire.
PUGNP - Universal Flat Flexible Wire.

Rdecryption (marking) Cables and wires of foreign production

Power cable:
N – Indicates that the cable is manufactured according to the German VDE standard (Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker - Union of German Electrical Engineers).
Y – PVC insulation.
H - Absence of halogens (harmful organic compounds) in PVC insulation.
M - Installation cable.
C – Availability of copper screen.
RG – Availability of armor.

FROR is a cable made in Italy, has specific designations according to the Italian standard CEI UNEL 35011:

F - corda flessibile - flexible core.
R - polivinilclorudo - PVC - PVC insulation
O - anime riunite per cavo rotondo - round, not flat cable.
R - polivinilclorudo - PVC - PVC sheath.

Control cable:

Y – PVC insulation.
SL - Control cable.
Li - Stranded conductor made according to the German VDE standard (see above).

Halogen-free fire-resistant cable:

N - Manufactured according to the German VDE standard (see above).
HX – Cross-linked rubber insulation.
C - Copper screen.
FE 180 - In case of fire, the integrity of the insulation, when using a cable without a fastening system, is maintained for 180 minutes.
E 90 - In the event of a fire, the cable's operability when laid together with the fastening system is maintained for 90 minutes.

Mounting wires:

H - Harmonized wire (HAR approval).
N - Compliance with national standard.
05 -Rated voltage 300/500 V.
07 - Rated voltage 450/750 V.
V - PVC insulation.
K – Flexible core for stationary installation.

Cables with XLPE insulation:

N – Manufactured according to the German VDE standard (see above).
Y – PVC insulation.
2Y – Polyethylene insulation.
2X – XLPE insulation.
S - Copper screen.
(F) - Longitudinal sealing.
(FL) - Longitudinal and transverse sealing.
E - Three-core cable.
R - Armor made of round steel wires.

How to decipher the cable brand?

Let’s take as an example a very common cable: AVVG (ozh)-0.66 kV 4x35 and let’s look at its markings.

4x35 - this cable has 4 cores, 35 sq. mm each. each. The number of cores for most groups of cables is from 1 to 5. But for control cables, for example, from 4 to 37. Each core has a cross-section. The cable has a cross-section range from 1.5 to 800 sq. mm. for low voltage cable.

0.66 kV - voltage. For this cable it is 660 V. Cables are low voltage (0.38 -1 kV), medium (6-35 kV) and high voltage (110-500 kV).

(ozh) - execution – single-core. This means that the vein is monolithic, seamless. If there is no “ozh” in the brand, this means, by default, that the design is stranded (mp) or multi-core (mn).

G – flexible or unarmored.

B – vinyl. Shell made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic.

B – vinyl. Insulation made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic.

A – aluminum. Aluminum conductor.

All letter markings start from the core. If the letter A is written, then the conductor is aluminum. If the letter A is missing, then the conductor is made of copper.

Depending on the group of use, the following symbols may appear in cable markings:

AVVG-P. Flat, insulated conductors are laid parallel in one plane.

AVVGz. Filled, filled with rubber compound.

AVVGng-LS. ng - non-flammable, PVC plastic compound of reduced flammability. LS - “low tuxedo” (low smoke emission), PVC of reduced fire hazard.

AVBbShv.

B – armor made of steel tapes

Ш - protective hose made of PVC plastic.

c - vinyl. Insulation made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic.

ASB2lG, ASKl, TsSB.

C – lead sheath.

2l – two lavsan ribbons

G – naked. Protective cover made of two galvanized steel strips.

K - protective cover made of round galvanized steel wires.

C – paper insulation impregnated with a non-drip compound.

K – control

E – general screen aluminum foil over twisted wires

APvBbShp.

P – insulation made of silanol cross-linked polyethylene.

p – outer shell made of polyethylene.

APvPu2g.

y – reinforced polyethylene shell

2g – “double sealing”, cross-linked polyethylene insulation with aluminum tape over a sealed screen.

KG – flexible cable.

Interpretation of wire markings.

Now let's look at the question of how to decipher the wire markings. Wires, like cables, are marked with letters, after which the number and cross-sectional area of ​​the current-carrying conductors are written down in numbers. When designating a wire, the following structure is adopted. The letter P is placed in the center, indicating the wire. The letters P may be preceded by the letter A, indicating that the wire is made of aluminum conductors; if there is no letter A, then the conductors are made of copper.

Following the letter P is a letter characterizing the material from which the wire insulation is made:

R - rubber insulation,

B - PVC (polyvinyl chloride) insulation

P - polyethylene insulation

If the wire has a braid of cotton yarn coated with varnish, then this is indicated by the letter L, and if the yarn is impregnated anti-putrefactive composition, then the letter in the wire mark is omitted. The letter L is placed in last place in the designation of the wire brand.

Wires for electrical installations stamps

PVs have digital indices 1; 2; 3 and 4. These numbers indicate the degree of flexibility of the wires. The higher, the more flexible the wire.

Wires for overhead power lines are deciphered as follows:

SIP - self-supporting insulated wire. Insulation made of light-stabilized cross-linked polyethylene.

SIP-1 - with uninsulated neutral

SIP-2 - with insulated neutral

SIP-4 - with insulated conductors of equal cross-section.

A - bare wire twisted from aluminum wires

AC - uninsulated wire consisting of a steel core and aluminum wires

Cables of the “NG” design, which do not propagate combustion when laid in a bundle with a standardized volume of flammable mass of cables in accordance with GOST 12176-89, section 3 (IEC 332-3-96), were developed in 1984-1986. Non-propagation of fire depending on design cables were achieved through the use of special protective thermal barriers or screens in cable designs, by limiting the volume of combustible materials, the use of polymers and other materials with low specific heat of combustion and polymer compositions with high oxygen index values. At the same time, when burning, cables of the “NG” design emit large number smoke containing corrosive and toxic products.

In this regard, a set of works was carried out to create polyvinyl chloride compositions with reduced fire hazard, on the basis of which it was developed and mastered new series flame retardant cables with low smoke and gas emissions "NG-LS". Index "LS" (low smoke)- compliance with the requirements for smoke generation during combustion of IEC 61034, parts 1 and 2.

Distinctive feature cables of the “NG-LS” design is that their insulation, filling and sheath are made of special polymer compositions of reduced fire danger created on the basis of polyvinyl chloride. Cables of the "NG-LS" design differ from cables with the "NG" index in that, in addition to flame retardation, they are characterized by a reduced release of hydrogen chloride and low smoke-generating ability during combustion and smoldering. Therefore, the use of cables with the index “NG” in subways Western Europe was banned in the late 1970s.

To solve the problems associated with the release of HCl and smoke, a class of cable materials was created that do not contain halogens, that is, they do not emit corrosive gases and have a significantly lower level of smoke emission - the so-called compositions. Cables using these materials are designated with the index “NG-LS HF”. Index “HF” (halogen free) - compliance with the requirements for the corrosive activity of smoke and gas emission products during combustion GOST R IEC 60754, part 2.

Polymer shell METALANGA corresponds to index "NG-LS HF" fire safety standards. The combination of a polymer shell with a metal hose ensures fire safety in the most unfavorable conditions.

Most types of equipment, instruments, tools and machinery in production, trade and everyday life are connected to an electrical network that has an alternating voltage of up to 1 kV. This means that in these networks the distribution and supply of electricity is carried out via a safe cable. Today, one of the most popular products for food and lighting in open and internal view This is a VVG cable. There are options for its execution.

Types and types of VVG cable

Any cable or conductor has a special marking, by which the characteristics of the product can be determined.

Novice electricians, who encounter abbreviations for the first time, often do not understand the difference between VVGng and VVG, and also from VVGng-LS. Let's figure it out:

1. VVG is equipped with conventional PVC insulation, which does not have fire-retardant and self-extinguishing qualities.
2. The insulating layer of VVGng contains halogen elements, thanks to which the combustion process is neutralized.
3. Sheath of current-carrying conductors VVGng-ls when a fire occurs, no smoke or gas is released due to the use of halogen-free polyvinyl chloride (this is a big plus for VVGng-ls).
4. VVGngfr-ls is a similar model, but fire resistant. If this type of cable catches fire, the emission of gas and smoke is low. If you use a group gasket, then there will be no spread of combustion.
5. Halogen-free materials are used in the production of conductor VVGng-fr-ls, which distinguish this product from other brands. Halogen-free plastic material has high level insulation and produces the amount of smoke within normal limits. Fire safety is the main feature of the VVG ngfr-ls cable type.

What is VVG?

Often in various instructions for electrical installation work it is suggested to use a non-flammable conductor VVGng. In terms of quality/price ratio it is the best option. This VVGng conductor is actually very versatile, because it is practical to use in buildings made of flammable materials and in buildings that have high humidity.

What can the marking say? First, let's look at what conductor markings exist. If you know the decoding of the letters in the given cable markings, you can easily determine its properties. Below is a list of the main characteristics by which it is quite simple to separate all conductors.

1. Material used for the production of conductive core:

• no designation, it's copper;
• if the letter is A, it is aluminum.

2. Material from which the insulation is made for conductors:

• if the letter is B, then polyvinyl chloride was used;
• if the letters are Pv, then polyethylene was used;
• if the letter is P, then polymer insulation was used.

3. Cable armor:

• if the letter is B, then armored;
• if the letter is G, then there is no armor, bare cable.

4. Shell (outer insulation):

• if the letter is P, then the shell is made of polymer;
• if the letters Шп, then there is a protective hose made of polyethylene;
• if the letters are Shv, then the hose is protective;
• if the letter is B, then the insulation is made of polyvinyl chloride.

5. Fire safety:

• if there is a marking ng-frhf, then when the conductor is carried out in groups, it does not spread fire, and during combustion and smoldering, no corrosive substances are formed in the form of gas;
• if there is a marking ngfr-ls, then when the conductor is carried out in a group, combustion does not spread, the formation of smoke and gas is reduced;
• if there is a marking ng-hf, then when the conductor is carried out in groups, it does not spread combustion, and during combustion and smoldering no corrosive substances are formed in the form of gas;
• if there is an ng-ls marking, then the gas and smoke emission is reduced; when the ng-ls conductor is carried out in a group, combustion does not spread;
• if there is an NG marking, then when the conductor is held in a group, it will not spread fire;
• If there is no marking, then when laying a single conductor, fire will not spread.

If you follow the above, you can decipher the abbreviation VVGng: the first letter B means that the insulation of the conductors was made of polyvinyl chloride, the second letter B indicates that the insulation of the outer shell was also made of polyvinyl chloride, the third letter G indicates that there is a special layer of protection, there is no armor.

In the professional language of electricians, the abbreviation VVG means approximately: the letter V is vinyl, the letter B is vinyl, the letter G is bare. And the letters ng indicate that if you use a group laying of this conductor, it will not support combustion. This important indicator for cases when it is necessary to lay conductor in places where there is a high probability of fire. After all, the main thing is safety. The marking does not contain the letter A, which means that the conductor has conductive conductors made of copper.

This conductor happens made in two modern modifications: with the ending ng-ls - this means that during combustion there is a reduced release of smoke and gas (this is what ng-ls is good for); with the ending ng-hf - this means that during the combustion of the cable there is no release of corrosive substances in the form of gas. These modifications have improvements - this is fr (in other words, fire resistance, which differs from ng-ls).

Often with the usual VVG you can find cables that have the letter “P” at the end of the marking. Judging by the technical data, they are no different, but the slight difference is in the structure - it is flat. This means that decoding the cable VVG p sounds like this: the letter V is vinyl, the letter B is vinyl, the letter G is bare, the letter P is flat.

Cable routing options

Open VVG cable laying

If you follow technical parameters of this cable, its open installation is only permitted on surfaces and structures made of flame-resistant or non-flammable materials, for example plaster, concrete, brick, plastered surface, etc.

VVG cable laying open method allowed to be used under suspended structures such as cables, etc. These structures must provide sufficiently reliable installation. When laying the cable, any possibility of mechanical action on it should be excluded.

If there is a risk of damage mechanically cable product, the necessary additional protection should be installed. Additional protection should be used when laying cable products in an open manner on combustible wood surfaces. In this case, installation should be carried out using a cable channel, corrugated hose, metal hose, pipe and other types of protection.

Laying the VVG cable in a hidden way

This cable installation option remains the most popular for residential premises. The cable is laid under the plaster, in voids, in grooves, etc.

With this installation option, mechanical damage is practically eliminated, so the use of additional protection is not expected, with the exception of wall voids in wooden houses.

Hidden installation of cables in pipes or other non-flammable materials is allowed here. Available regulatory documents that relate to hidden electrical wiring. They define correct execution hidden method of cable installation.

Laying VVG cable in the ground

It is known that It is not allowed to lay this brand of cable underground without using special ways protection. All this is due to the fact that the protection that will save the cable from any mechanical influences, not here.

Installation of VVG conductor underground is possible only in special sealed boxes and only along overpasses and cable structures.

The VVG-ng cable is a representative of a fairly wide group of conductive products used to provide electricity to production workshops and offices, for installation in walls, pipes and tunnels, and for street lighting. Any electrical installation work during the construction of private housing or multi-storey buildings require the use of this particular type of material. The VVG-ng cable is designed for installation in places where it is necessary to avoid fire. It consists of conductive copper threads enclosed in an insulating sheath and covered with a common film on top. All cable components are designed to continue delivering electrical power to its intended destination in the event of a fire.

Types of VVG-ng cable and its markings

Products marked VVG-ng include several types of cable, differing in their characteristics. In order to distinguish each of them, markings were invented, including information about the composition of the conductive thread and its cross-section, about the insulating sheath and its properties, and about the features of the cable.

So, the abbreviation VVG-ng means:

• The thread material is copper (default). If the thread is aluminum, then the designation is preceded by the letter A (АВВГ)
• BB - means that PVC plastic was used to insulate the copper threads and the outer sheath of the cable
• G - means "naked". The cable does not have protective coating in the form of a metal plate or other material. Such protection is present in products with a larger cross-section
• ng - means “non-flammable”, does not spread fire when laid alone or in a group. The cable manufacturing technology helps limit its fire. Such a cable does not burn in fire, but melts.

When designating products, other signs may also be used:

• VVG-ng-LS - cable has reduced smoke emission (LS)
• VVG-ng-NF - cable insulation does not contain halogen materials (NF)
• VVG-ng-P - the cable has a flat shape and can be used for laying under plaster (P), it is fire resistant
• VVG-ng-FRLS - the cable is fire resistant (FRLS) and in the event of a fire will continue to supply electricity for a certain time (usually 60-180 minutes)

Along with letter designations, numbers are used when marking cables. They reflect the number of copper threads and the cross-sectional area of ​​one thread in square millimeters:

• Marking VVG-ng-LS 3 x 50 + 1 x 25 means that the cable has two sheaths made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound (a sheath of copper threads and a common outer one - VV), has no protection (G), has reduced flammability (ng) and reduced emission smoke (LS). The number of copper threads is 3 with a cross-section of 50 mm (3x50), and one thread has a cross-section of 25 mm (1x25)

The marking also includes the operating voltage of the cable. It is indicated in kilowatts, for example:

• VVG-ng-LS 3 x 50 + 1 x 25 -1 operating voltage of this cable is 1 kV (number 1 in the marking)

The VVG-ng cable is a universal conductive product used in wet conditions and at altitudes of up to 4300 meters. The application temperature is from +50 to - 50°C, the maximum permissible humidity is 98% (at +40°C).