Assignments from the early exam in Russian
A) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
a) breaks the main clause with subordinate clauses and see if the subjects and predicates agree in each pair (this
constructions like Those who... Many of those who.... All who);
b) abbreviations, we define keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;
V) geographical names, determine the gender of nouns by generic sign(river - she, city - he, etc.), look,
whether this subject agrees with the predicate in gender.
d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), see if these words are consistent with the predicate by gender.
Of all the above in the sentences we find only the construction everyone who... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully:
"All , who listened speech by the professor, in once again was I was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech." In color
The basics of 2 sentences are highlighted. At the heart of the main sentence, the subject and predicate “everything was” are not consistent in number.
A - 2. After making a decision, do not forget to cross out the options in KIMakheti so that they no longer bother you.
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
We are looking for derivative prepositions. Come across especially often thanks, in agreement, in spite of . These prepositions require a dative
case. Let's see if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: "Contrary to the recommendations of doctors
the athlete did not reduce the load during training." Let's look at what case the word "recommendations" is in. What? Recommendations.
Genitive case, a d.b. dative.
B - 5
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
First of all, find sentences that contain an adverbial phrase. Their M.B. some. Let us recall the questions of participles:
doing what? what did you do?
We have 2 sentences with participial phrases:
3)Low above the horizon is being created incorrect performance about the size of the Moon.
4)Once in the house strangers, wait when you are introduced.
We emphasize the basics: “a view is being created” and “wait”. We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If
you will see the impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Use participial phrases in impersonal proposals are not allowed. Now let's see
so that the action described in participial phrase, was done by the one named in the subject. View cannot be located
low above the horizon. While you wait, you may end up in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.
IN - 3.
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words “said”, “asked”, “thought”, “wrote”, etc. We don't have quotes. But the word “asked” is there.
7) I'm surprised asked what where is the fortress?
The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid from
direct and indirect speech.
G - 7.
D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
First of all, we take sentences that generally have homogeneous members. And we pay attention to the presence in
sentences of double conjunctions (not only..., but also..., both..., and..., not so much..., but..., etc.)
We have already dropped offers 2, 5, 3, 7. At 4, 6 no homogeneous members. We look carefully at the remaining proposals:
1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How For maintenance, so for recovery number of rare species of animals under
3 texts that were on the early Unified State Exam 2016 in the Russian language.
Essays for them.
The early stage took place on March 25. 8 thousand people took part in it, of which approximately 500 were graduates of the current year. The main stage will pass.
Composition
Unfortunately, the only one available ways transmission of information in society to at the moment the word appears - it is through speech, both written and oral, that communication is carried out, the expression of thoughts and feelings, which gradually began to develop into a problem. In this text D.S. Likhachev invites us to think about actual problem man's relationship to language.
Addressing the topic, the author compares a person’s speech with his appearance: sloppiness in clothing, as well as in language, is disrespect for oneself and for others, indicates a person’s taste, as well as a lack of education and intelligence. The writer draws our attention to the fact that there is no reason to prohibit a person from being proud of his homeland and using village motifs in his speech - often this brings pleasure to others, but the situation is completely different with those who “show off” in this way: speech must correspond to the person’s personality, depending from his true origin, hobbies and age. The author emphasizes that flaunting rudeness in clothing, manners, and speech is a sign of cruelty, weakness and psychological insecurity of a person: by demonstrating contempt for certain phenomena, we thereby express our indifference to them, interest, fear and excitement .
D.S. Likhachev believes that language is the most important part of our image. Only a person who is aware of the weight of his speech, aware of the significance of every spoken word, and who respects his language, can be considered a truly strong, healthy and balanced person. By how and what we say, those around us create our image and determine the degree of our intelligence, psychological balance and level of complexity.
I completely agree with the author’s opinion and also believe that how and what a person says completely creates his psychological and moral character. Therefore, it is very important to monitor your speech, as well as your appearance, and treat every word spoken with respect.
DI. Fonvizin in the comedy “The Minor”, with the help of the characters’ lines, fully expresses their moral character. The main character, Mrs. Prostakova, uses abusive language, rudeness, cruelty, and hatred towards both serfs and family members, creating for herself the image of an illiterate tyrant. The more we delve into the work, the more we understand that this is a hypocritical, mercantile, greedy, evil, rude and at the same time very stupid woman. And the way she flatters to please herself, how she communicates with the serfs, taking every last thing from them, how she takes advantage of Sophia’s orphanhood, how she treats family members, and, most importantly, how she treats her son - confirms the first impression of the heroine , created using speech characteristics.
Evgeny Onegin, hero of the novel by A.S. Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin”, created for himself the image of a secular intellectual, extraordinary, smart person not only with the help of neat appearance, but also mostly through speech. Being to some extent a well-read person, Evgeniy could support any conversation, insert several the right words, somewhere to show off lines from famous works. That is why the hero enjoyed success with the ladies for a long time, but later we learn that created through speech characteristics morality and self-confidence crumble due to Eugene’s two-facedness, his behavior in the village, before and after the duel.
Thus, we can conclude that our image, image, role in society forms a person’s language, and therefore it is very important to monitor the state of our speech, its purity, correctness and compliance with the real appearance of the individual.
Composition
There are a huge number of disasters emergency situations and events that can radically change fate large quantity people, however, the most destructive, destructive, and inhumane thing is war - the most cruel and all-consuming element. In the excerpt provided to us by M.A. Sholokhov invites the reader to think about the problem of the inhumanity of war.
For centuries and millennia, writers and chronographers have tried to capture in all colors all the horror, all the inhumanity of war with one goal - to warn humanity and future generations from incredible torment, and today this problem has not lost its relevance. M.A. Sholokhov very vividly and in detail describes the image of nature, which experienced the full brunt of military events, and leads the reader to the idea that the war spares no one and nothing - after it only endless, tormented steppes and deep despair mixed with bitterness and sorrow remain. the hearts of those who remember this truly terrible period in the history of our fatherland. The writer, citing numerous examples of how this inhumane element breaks the destinies of people, the destinies of entire families, he focuses on the countless victims of those who staunchly and unwaveringly defended their fatherland on the battlefield, as well as on those who, looking out of a foggy window in the evenings , swallowed “a short, dry, sob-like... sob.” He draws our attention to the fact that it is important not only to remember the great feat of the Soviet people, but also to keep in our hearts hatred for those who, for the sake of their personal gain, allow all living things to perish unhindered.
Of course, war affects everyone, every family, every individual - no one can or should remain indifferent to it, and M.A. did not remain indifferent. Sholokhov. The author believes that war is the most inhumane, cruel and all-destructive element, leaving behind only ruins, both on the battlefield and in the souls of those who witnessed it. Each of us is obliged to know the history of our fatherland and remember the exploits of our ancestors, but it is also important to understand that there is nothing heroic in war, there is nothing sublime - this is a terrible event that brings only troubles and misfortune.
One cannot but agree with the writer's opinion. Indeed, war is only pain, fear, mass murder and destruction, as well as the pangs of bitterness and despair. It is capable of killing everything human in a person and destroying everything living and beautiful that exists on earth - and therefore the very fact of the existence of such a phenomenon should only cause rejection in our hearts, as well as a deep feeling of grief for those who gave their lives for us.
In the story “The Fate of a Man” by M.A. Sholokhov, using the example of his hero, shows how military events can affect the fate of one person. Andrei Sokolov is a collective image of a brave, strong, courageous and proud personality, which was the majority in Soviet times - the hero had a family and a home, but in a short period of time the war took everything from him. Andrei Sokolov lost his family and, full of despair and bitterness, tormented by hunger and physical torment, tried to preserve the fire of his soul within himself, but this element did not spare anyone, and the hero even had to kill a man with his own hands. In an atmosphere of horror, chaos, massacres, betrayal and pain, it is difficult to maintain faith in oneself, to maintain a person within oneself, and even those who have gone through all the trials will never again be able to live an ordinary life.
L.N. Tolstoy, in his story “Sevastopol in December,” also reveals in every detail the horror of war. Using the technique of contrast, the writer shows that war is an antonym to normal life, to humanism, to humanity. L.N. Tolstoy describes how while they are walking fighting, when a seriously wounded soldier, lying among hundreds of lifeless bodies, waits for death to free him from unbearable torment, life still goes on as usual - traders sell hot rolls, and men sell sbiten. The writer shows that war is like a plague - it massacres innocent people, destroying humanity, making ordinary people good people people, bitter and cynical fighters.
In conclusion, I would like to note that each of us needs to remember the great feat of the Soviet people, be proud of the strength and courage of our ancestors, and pass this pride on from generation to generation. However, along with this I should also forget that, in addition to great victory, there were long years of death, suffering, torture and hunger, of which war consists.
The national exam in the Russian language belongs to the category of mandatory final tests - all graduates completing 11th grade this year take it. If we compare it with another mandatory exam, Russian is rated by schoolchildren as easier and does not raise serious concerns. This opinion is confirmed by official statistics. Thus, three years ago it was recorded that almost every 326 students received a 100-point mark in this subject.
Moreover, Russian schoolchildren On average, they were able to score a fairly significant 63.4 points in this discipline. Let us note that mathematics was much more difficult for them – the average score for this subject was 48.7 points. Of course, there was a small percentage of students who, in principle, could not pass the Russian language even with a minimum grade.
However, this category is small - only about 1.9% of the respondents did not reach the “satisfactory” mark. total number schoolchildren who took part in the national examination in native language. Let's take a closer look at what future applicants need to prepare for in the current academic year in order to successfully pass the Russian language, and also study the exam schedule.
Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2016
Unified State Exam dates in Russian
Early period
- March 25, 2016 (Fri) - Main Exam
- April 15, 2016 (Fri) - Reserve
Main stage
- May 30, 2016 (Mon) - Main exam
- June 27, 2016 (Mon) - Reserve
Additional period
- September 17, 2016 (Sat) - Main exam
- September 24, 2016 (Sat) - Reserve
Innovations in the Russian language exam
The duration in Russian in 2016 has not changed - it will still be 210 minutes. As for the content and editorial part, then this item quite significant changes have been made:
- The minimum test score has been revised upward, which is now 36 (equal to 16 primary points out of 57). It is this number of points that will give you the opportunity to enter the university. To obtain a certificate, only 24 test points are enough (i.e. 10 primary).
- The total number of tasks included in the examination paper has been reduced. The maximum primary score for completing the work was accordingly reduced from 64 to 57;
- The number of tasks offered to students in the exam paper decreased from 39 to 25;
- In general, the format of the exam tests has been changed, and the tasks themselves have been clarified;
- To check the understanding of future applicants lexical meaning words, special tasks appeared in the tickets (working with a dictionary entry);
- The assessment of tasks requiring a detailed answer has changed. So, if last year with one mistake you made it was possible to earn 2 maximum points, then in 2016 only those who made no mistakes will receive 2 points. If during the answering process the student made two or more errors, then he receives zero points for this part of the task. In 2015, schoolchildren had the opportunity to make one more mistake.
Unified State Exam 2016 in Russian includes 24 tasks and an essay Structure of the Russian language exam paper
In general, the Russian test includes 25 tasks, which are divided into two categories:
- B1-B24 These are questions that are of an average level of difficulty. On the sheet intended for testing, you need to write down your own answers;
- C1- this is a task, the answer to which must be stated in the form of a short answer according to the proposed text. This task includes a multi-component assessment - the overall literacy of the presentation, the content of the essay, editing and the ability to convey the main idea are taken into account.
What is the maximum primary score you can get?
The first part of the ticket makes up 58% of the overall exam grade - you can get 33 primary points for it. The second (more difficult) part makes up a fairly significant 42% of the entire exam, and for it the applicant can receive 24 primary points.
How to prepare?
In order to prepare for the Russian language exam, you can use the demo version of the final test offered for download (see the beginning of the article). Of course, such a demo version does not reflect all the content elements of the real Unified State Exam-2016, but it gives a fairly complete idea of the structure, form, complexity and content exam card for better orientation of students.
57 interactive exercises
skill automation
400 rubles
Remember!
There are no double consonants in the words:
Grima With a, di l er, ha l hereya, co r idor, and l yuminium, pie With oh, dar m oh, dar m atic, ha l oops, ugh r or, ra With ah, ma With ony, opera T ka, gra m father, director With ah, dro and oh, ko l quality, ka r icature, Krista l ny, colo n ka, kava l eria, tsimba l s, uh m game, ro With Omaha, problem m oh, I'll sell With er, actress With ah, tro With, A m unicia, di l Izhans, with n ata, ste l ah, ska l odoro m, to m ical, so l as much
(1)B Ancient Greece agriculture was the main source of human existence. (2)<…>urban residents often had a farm outside the city and used what it provided. (3) At the same time, the terrain of Greece was not favorable for agriculture: approximately three-quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) About three quarters territories Ancient Greece occupied mountains and areas unsuitable for agriculture.
2) Agriculture, despite the fact that relief did not contribute to development agriculture, was the main one in Ancient Greece.
3) B Ancient Greece city residents often used fruits of agricultural activity.
4) Basic source of human existence V Ancient Greece was agriculture, despite the fact that relief was unfavorable for agriculture.
5) Basic source of livelihood for city residents Ancient Greece was agriculture.
In carrying out this task, first of all try to find two identical statements without reading the text. If you find it difficult to grasp the idea of the text right away, highlight the key words, as we did. Look at the highlighted words. It is obvious that the keywords completely coincided in sentences 2 and 4. In 1 there are no fruits of agriculture, in 3 and 5 there is no relief.
Now check your version by reading the text, and we will be convinced that we are right.
Answer: 24
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
And although
If
Even
Just
If only
This task needs no explanation. Either you are a native Russian speaker or you are not. Obviously, the only word that fits is even.
Answer: even.
Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOURCE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
SOURCE, -a; m.
1) What it gives the beginning of something
., where something comes from. I. light. I. all evil.
2) Written monument, the document on which the research. Sources for the history of the region. Use all available sources.
3) The one who gives smb. intelligence about smth. He is reliable and... Information from the right source.
4) Water jet, coming to the surface from underground. Healing and. Hot and. I. mineral water.
So, we have a sentence "In Ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source human existence." and a dictionary entry interpreting the word SOURCE. This task concerns polysemantic words. You need to determine in what exact meaning the word is implemented in this text. Highlight the keyword in each paragraph (in scientific terms - categorical seme). It’s a no brainer that the source of existence cannot possibly be a written monument or someone who gives information. Options 2 and 3 are eliminated. A water stream, in principle, can be a source of existence. But the text does not talk about water. But agriculture gives rise to the normal life of the ancient Greeks.
Answer: 1.
4
In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
Busy
to the bottom
gave
Let's call
blinds
This is an easy question. Everyone knows that it is correct to “call”. In general, if question 4 causes you difficulty, purchase our spelling simulator, and you will be happy. In an hour you will remember all the correct accents.
Answer: we call.
One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct lexical error, picking up
to the highlighted word paronym. Write down the chosen word.
Soon cellular subscribers will be able to pay for metro travel from their phones.
HUMANISM as a concept and way of human existence, having emerged in the Renaissance, runs through the entire history of mankind.
My classmate WEARED a Santa Claus costume and congratulated the town residents.
Even in the era of PRACTICAL people, those who fight injustice appear.
FRIENDLY relations can be between like-minded people.
To answer the fifth question of the test, you need to familiarize yourself with the paronymic minimum for 2016, posted on the FIPI website. Let us remind you that paronyms are similar, but still different words. Their meanings may be almost the same, or they may be very different. In order to catch the difference, you need to know well the meanings of all the words from the paronymic minimum.
The word "dressed" is used incorrectly here. Although we often say this, it’s still correct to put it on. They dress the person, put on clothes and shoes. It’s easy to remember: “put on clothes, put on Hope.”
Answer: put it on.
In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
THEIR sisters
drink from SAUCERS
no BOOTS
even RICHER
about FIVE HUNDRED people
This task concerns the form of words. There are a lot of rules governing the choice of word form. They are studied in courses on the stylistics of the Russian language and the culture of speech. These rules appear sporadically in school textbooks, so full responsibility for preparing for this task lies with school teacher and, of course, on yourself. If you realize that you don’t know this material, start studying immediately. We have a recording of a webinar on this topic on our website. Buy a subscription to access webinars and recordings and watch the lecture, because we won’t be able to quickly explain why this is the answer.
Answer: saucer.
Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: to each position of the first
column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
|
Grammar errors B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition D) error in sentence construction |
Offers 1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How to maintain so and to restore the numbers of rare animal species that are in danger of extinction. 2) Everyone who I listened to the professor’s speech and was once again surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech. 3), a misconception is created about the size of the Moon. 4) wait until you are introduced. 6) The article by A. Baushev attracted attention Kursk governor who wished to meet the young author. 7) I'm surprised asked, that where is the fortress. not only nobility and honesty, A servility and sycophancy. 9) The entire work of the writer E. Nosov is a great wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul. |
This is a really difficult task. And, please note, the material is not included in school textbooks. Classification of grammatical errors - university material. So, if you want to study this topic seriously, take a reference book on practical stylistics for philology and journalism departments. Fortunately, FIPI did not select all types of errors. So, at least to a first approximation, you can study this topic before the exam. Again, you can watch recordings of our webinars in the Webinars section.
A) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
We are looking for:
a) breaks the main clause with subordinate clauses and see if the subjects and predicates in each pair agree (these are constructions like Those who... Many of those who... All who);
b) abbreviations, define the keyword and see if it agrees with the predicate in gender and number;
c) geographical names, determine the gender of nouns by gender (river - she, city - he, etc.), see if this subject agrees with the predicate by gender.
d) words whose gender many do not know (chimpanzee, cockatoo, veil, etc.), see if these words are consistent with the predicate by gender. A list of such words is in the same stylistics reference books or in our course Preparing for the Unified State Exam 2016.
Of all the above in the sentences we find only the construction everyone who... in the 2nd sentence. Let's look carefully: " All , who listened speech by the professor, once again was I was surprised by the brightness, originality and depth of his speech." The bases of 2 sentences are highlighted in color. In the base of the main sentence, the subject and predicate "everything was" are not consistent in number.
A - 2. After making a decision, do not forget to cross out these options in the CIMs so that they no longer bother you.
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition.
We are looking for derivative prepositions. Come across especially often thanks, in agreement, in spite of. These prepositions require the dative case. Let's see if there are any such words in the proposed sentences. Bingo! Sentence 5: “Contrary to the recommendations of doctors, the athlete did not reduce the load during training.” Let's look at what case the word "recommendations" is in. What? Recommendations. Genitive case, a d.b. dative.
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
First of all, find sentences that contain an adverbial phrase. Their M.B. some. Let us recall the questions of gerunds: doing what? what did you do?
We have 2 sentences with participial phrases:
3) Low on the horizon, creates a misconception about the size of the Moon.
4) Finding yourself in the house of strangers, wait until you are introduced.
We emphasize the basics: “a view is being created” and “wait”. We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If you see something impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Use participial phrases in impersonal sentences it is forbidden. Now we make sure that the action described in the adverbial phrase is performed by the one named in the subject. The view cannot be low on the horizon. While you wait, you may end up in the house of strangers. Error in sentence 3.
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
Look for other people's words in quotation marks and the words “said”, “asked”, “thought”, “wrote”, etc. We don't have quotes. But the word “asked” is there.
7) I'm surprised asked what where is the fortress?
The words "Where is the fortress?" not changed, they should be framed as direct speech, but the author of the proposal made a hybrid of direct and indirect speech.
D) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
First of all, we take sentences that generally have homogeneous members. And we pay attention to the presence of double conjunctions in sentences (not only..., but also..., both..., and..., not so much..., but..., etc.)
We have already dropped offers 2, 5, 3, 7. There are no homogeneous members in 4, 6. We look carefully at the remaining proposals:
1) Wildlife sanctuaries are being created How to maintain, so and to restore the numbers of rare animal species that are in danger of extinction.
8) In Famus society they are valued not only nobility and honesty, Aservility and sycophancy.
9) The entire work of the writer E. Nosov is a great wise book that helps people to be kinder, more generous in soul.
We look at the meaning of homogeneous members and make sure that they do not correlate as part and whole, genus and species, and do not turn out to be verbs different types or with different controls. Let's look at unions. So. There are no such conjunctions as “not only..., but...” or “not only..., but...”. This is our mistake.
Answer: 25378
8.
Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
Try...to try
be proud
bicycle..ped
national..national
adr..poke
To answer this question we need to remember. The root here is ber-bir. It is written bir, because there is a suffix A.
Answer: make your way.
Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
O..gave, by..scratched - the prefixes from and under do not change
pr..krepil, pr..grada - learn the meaning of the prefixes PRE and PR. Attached - meaning "attachment", obstruction - meaning close to PERE
and..tormented, ra..burnt - Tormented - voiceless S before voiceless T, rajog - voiced Z before voiced F
pos..yesterday, r..collected - pose, times - unchangeable prefixes
for..played, pod..skat - played - the prefix ends in a vowel, at the root I, find - the Russian prefix ends in a consonant.
Answer: sorted it out the day before yesterday
Doctor...
get upset
double..double
unpretentious
smiling
This and task 11 are best completed by pronouncing the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear correct option. But, of course, you can learn that the suffixes CHIV and LIV are written with I and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.
Answer: heal.
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.
Dry..sew
laid out..sew
jump out...shit
independent
feed..seat
Here we had to remember that the verbs “shave” and “lay” belong to the 1st conjugation.
Answer: you will lay it out
Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
M. Gorky received (NOT) LESS than five or six letters every day.
The air, which has not yet become sultry, is pleasantly refreshing.
(NOT) PICK IN THE SKY, GIVE THE TIT IN YOUR HANDS.
(IN)CORRECT, but pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
Ambition is a (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, but a thirst for power.
When completing this task, to avoid confusion, first number the sentences or put parentheses:
1. M. Gorky received every day (NOT) LESS five or six letters.
2. Air, not yet (NOT) BECOME sultry, pleasantly refreshing.
3. (NOT) SULI pie in the sky, give the bird in your hands.
4. (IN)CORRECT, But Pleasant facial features gave Nastya a resemblance to her mother.
5. Ambition is the (NOT) DESIRE to be honest, A thirst for power.
Now let's talk. Read all the highlighted words and identify them. Are they all used without NOT? Everything is here, but often the correct answer can be discovered at this stage.
See if we have pronouns (except negative ones). There are none. Let us remind you that pronouns are NOT written separately. Negatives have their own rule.
Are there any words with hyphens (not always separated from them). There are none.
Now let's see if there are unions A and BUT. Eat! in 4 and 5 sentences. We know that with the conjunction A NOT is written separately, but with BUT it is written together. We have the correct answer, but we still need to check all the other options.
1. The value of the degree is separate.
2. Participle with a dependent word - separately.
3. Not with a verb - separately
Answer: incorrect.
Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
1. (B)CONTINUED She was mostly silent during the conversation, and it was difficult for me to understand WHY (WHY) she came.
2. (BY) the way this person behaves, it is clear that he is (IN) EVERYTHING used to being the first.
3. Lake Beloye (FROM) is so charming that (IN) AROUND it there is dense, varied vegetation.
4. It's hard to even imagine TO) happened to me IF the ship was late.
5. (BY) BECAUSE L.N. was silent in concentration. Tolstoy, his relatives could guess (HOW) HOW hard his brain is working now.
Again, we number or delimit the sentences and begin to reason.
First, find words that are exactly spelled with a hyphen (it's easier). But there are none here.
Look for the words "During(s)" and "in continuation(s)". They are often given and are always written separately, regardless of the meaning. There is such a thing. Sentence 1 can be crossed out.
See if there are words WHAT(WHAT), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). Everything is simple with them too. See if the particle can be removed. There is something like this in sentence 4. The particle can be removed or rearranged: what would not happen to me. Cross out the 4th.
Now we have to think about the meaning. There is the way this person carries himself (that manner, that way). There is how intensely Tolstoy is silent. And the reason doesn't matter here. 2 and 5 are eliminated. That leaves 3. You can argue about (FROM) THAT, but we know everything else for sure. This task is solved by the method of elimination.
Answer: because around
Indicate the number(s) replaced by N.
In some of Rembrandt’s paintings there is a subterranean festiveness: even the shadowed silhouettes of people are filled with the warmth and breath of chiaroscuro.
1 - N+N (the root goes back to the old - tench - a torture stick).
2. participle with prefix - NN
3. short participle - N
Answer: 3
Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory and he wrote the laughing priest precisely from memory.
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow.
4) I excitedly examined the house and the paintings in it and its inhabitants.
5) Yours inner world tuned subtly and faithfully and responds to the most inconspicuous sounds of life.
Let's place the signs:
1) Generalizing words can appear either before or after homogeneous members. - homogeneous members with a repeating union.
2) V.I. Surikov had a phenomenal artistic memory, and he painted the laughing priest precisely from memory. - divide 2 simple sentences, SSP
3) You will run out the gate and see the dazzling and pristine whiteness of the snow. - there are no signs, And in different rows of homogeneous ones.
4) I excitedly examined the house, the paintings in it, and its inhabitants. - repeating conjunctions again, but now there are 3 homogeneous terms and 2 commas.
5) Your inner world is finely and faithfully tuned and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life. - again And in different rows of homogeneous ones. The test writer has no imagination.
Answer: 12
16
All events (1) considered (2) and experienced by F.I. Tyutchev(3) they clothed themselves in artistic images (4) rising to the heights of philosophical generalization.
We have 2 here involved turnover after the defined words. Comma 2 is not placed between homogeneous ones with a single conjunction I. Legkotnya.
Answer: 134
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.
While engaged in literary creativity, V.I. Dahl (1) Certainly(2) he considered the main work of his life to be the creation of the “Dictionary of the Living
Great Russian language". First word for this book (3) according to the memoirs of contemporaries(4) he recorded at the age of eighteen.
Introductory word and introductory expression separated by commas on both sides. To recognize introductory words, learn them. .
Answer: 1234
Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
A.S. Pushkin and his young wife stayed with Demuth (1) whose hotel (2) at that time was considered the most famous in St. Petersburg.
In this task, the subordinate clause is always introduced by the pronoun “which”, which is not in first place in the subordinate clause. This is an easy task. As a rule, there are no commas before or after the word “which”. But it’s better to analyze it and draw a diagram if in doubt.
Answer: 1
19
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
[ Sergeev came ashore ] (1) but ((2) when I saw an unfamiliar Chinese man on a huge pile of oranges at the pier ) (3) [ then suddenly I felt piercingly and clearly ] (4) ( how far is his homeland from him? ) .
This is a difficult task. Be sure to do parsing and draw a diagram or at least place brackets in the sentence to understand each conjunction.
We should be wary of the BUT WHEN construction, because this is often what the junction of conjunctions connecting sentences looks like.
Before BUT, always cold-hearted.
Whether to put a comma between BUT and WHEN is controversial. If we assume that BUT connects sentences 1 and 3 (as we did), then you need to try to take out the subordinate clause and read the sentence without it: Sergeev went ashore, but suddenly he felt piercingly and clearly... In general, it sounds crooked. Since the clause cannot be removed painlessly, we do not put a comma between BUT and WHEN.
However, there is another way of reasoning. What if BUT connects not sentences, but homogeneous predicates: Sergeev went out, but felt”? Then a comma is needed. If BUT is not involved in connecting sentences, the rule about joining conjunctions does not need to be applied.
We still settled on the first option; part of the conjunction TO prevents the sentence from being complete. If someone offers their arguments in favor of the 2nd comma, we will listen with great attention. Write in the comments.
Commas 3 and 4 are needed in any case. They share offers and there is no reason not to put them.
Answer: 134
20
Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
2) The narrator does not agree with Lazar Borisovich’s opinion that only knowledge of life will help one become a real writer.
5) A real writer must be a real hard worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.
Many were alarmed by paragraph 4, because the text did not directly say that the narrator wants to go to university to become a writer. But from the text it is clear that the pharmacist has known the boy for a long time and, most likely, knows about the boy’s intentions to go to university. See sentence 10. The point is slippery, but we still choose 4.
Answer: 345
21.
Which of the following statements are true? Indicate the answer numbers.
1) Sentences 4–6 contain a description of a person’s appearance.
2) Sentences 7–9 contain a description.
3) Sentences 30–32 contain reasoning.
4) Propositions 52 and 53 are contrasted in content.
5) Propositions 55, 56 contain reasoning.
(4)He wore a student jacket. (5)On his wide nose barely holding on pince-nez on a black ribbon. (6) There was a pharmacist a short, stocky and very sarcastic man. - it is obvious that there is a description of the person.
(7) Somehow I let's go to Lazar Borisovich at the pharmacy for powders for Aunt Marusya. (8) She has migraine started. (9)Rubbing powders for Aunt Marusya, Lazar Borisovich talked with me. - the actions of the characters are listed, there is no description.
(30)He should there is so much to know that it’s even scary to think about. (31) He should understand everything! (32) He should work like an ox and don't chase glory! - we are talking about obligation, not about real actions, there is no description: this is reasoning.
(52) And the pharmacist was right. (53) I realized that I know almost nothing and have not yet thought about many important things. - the boy agrees with the pharmacist, there is no opposition.
(55) I knew that never to anyone I won't believe it, Who would to me didn't say anything what is this life– with her love, the desire for truth and happiness, with her lightning and the distant sound of water in the middle of the night – devoid of meaning and reason. (56)Every of us must fight for the affirmation of this life everywhere and always until the end of your days. - we are not talking about real actions, but about hypothetical and necessary ones; reasoning about the meaning of life confirms the hypothesis: here is reasoning.
Answer: 135
22.
Write out the phraseological unit from sentences 1–6.
(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) This pharmacist’s name was Lazar Borisovich. (3) At first sight he was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5) On his wide nose, the pince-nez on the black ribbon barely held on. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.
We are looking for stable expressions. There is one thing here, you can’t confuse it.
Answer: at first glance.
Among sentences 1–6, find one that is related to the previous one using possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Sometimes the village pharmacist came to visit Uncle Kolya. (2) Called this pharmacist Lazar Borisovich. (3)At first sight This there was a rather strange pharmacist. (4) He wore a student jacket. (5)On his His wide nose could barely hold his pince-nez on the black ribbon. (6) The pharmacist was a short, stocky and very sarcastic man.
We circle all the pronouns and everything that looks like them. Let's see which word answers whose questions? whose? whose? This is the word in sentence 5. There are no options here. But HIS word is not always possessive pronoun. Please note: the sentence OH in the genitive case may appear next to it. For example: only his and saw it! Whose question? won't fit anymore.
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This excerpt discusses language features text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Paste
in place of gaps (A, B, C, D) there are numbers corresponding to the numbers of terms from the list. Write down in the table under each letter
the corresponding number. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with those given in the form.
samples.
“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. So, the tropes: (A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and
(B)_________ (sentence 39), technique - (C)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of the pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. The following helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards his young interlocutor: syntactic device expressiveness, like (D)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49).”
List of terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members
2) interrogative sentences
3) irony
4) introductory words
5) litotes
6) metaphor
7) exclamatory sentences
8) opposition
9) epithet
To complete this task, first look for clues. In the text with gaps there may be terms: tropes, syntactic device, lexical device, device. These are the tips. If you decide on a match, you will have to choose not from 9, but from 2-4 terms.
Hints given:
“The author’s speech is emotional, figurative, and convincing. So, trails:(A)_________ (“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person”) and
(B)_________ (sentence 39), reception– (B)_________ (sentence 12) - not only create the external image of a pharmacist, but also help to understand his character, views, ideas about a person’s place in life. The following helps to understand the attitude of the pharmacist Lazar Borisovich towards his young interlocutor: syntactic device expressiveness, like (D)_________ (for example, sentences 48, 49).”
Let's define the terms:
1) a number of homogeneous members - a syntactic means
2) interrogative sentences are a syntactic device
3) irony - trope
4) introductory words - syntactic means
5) litotes - trope
6) metaphor - trope
7) exclamatory sentences - a syntactic device
8) opposition - technique
9) epithet - trope
Download the table of terms correspondence
It is immediately clear that the only technique can be opposition. You don't even have to look at the text. B - 8.
Now choose:
“strange pharmacist”, “sarcastic person” - either irony, or litotes, or a metaphor, or an epithet. Litotes disappears immediately, there is no understatement here, litotes are generally extremely rare in texts. Metaphor and irony are associated with transfer by meaning; there are no transfers here. What remains is the epithet. A - 9.
(39) So that life permeates you! What remains is metaphor, irony and litotes. Litota again immediately disappears. There is no irony here, but there is a metaphor. B - 6.
(48) I’m glad! (49) You see!
In these 2 short sentences we are looking for series of homogeneous members, introductory sentences, question words and exclamatory sentences. In order to recognize exclamation marks, you don’t even have to graduate from school. Of course, G - 7.
Answer: 9687
25.
Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
1) Lazar Borisovich was a rural pharmacist, although all his life he dreamed of being involved in literary creativity and even published some of his works.
2) The narrator does not agree with the opinion of Lazar Borisovich that only knowledge of life will help you become a real writer.
3) A village pharmacist came to the house of the narrator’s relatives.
4) The narrator graduated from high school and was going to go to university to later become a writer.
5) A real writer must be a real worker who knows and understands life in all its manifestations.
There are only 2 theses here, but they are about the same thing.
Of course, this text is also about the importance of choice. life path, and about the complexity of this choice.
And at the end there is something about the meaning of life, but this will be very far-fetched.
Still, we would focus on the abstracts from task 20. The author’s position for K3 is clearly expressed there.
What arguments to give. We need examples of real writers who have studied life. The novel “How the Steel Was Tempered” and the biography of its author are ideal. You can take M. Gorky's "Childhood", "In People". As negative example Ryukhin from “The Master and Margarita” (a bit of a stretch, but it’ll do). A second example would be a biography of any writer who you believe studied life and then wrote about it. For example, Vladislav Krapivin created the “Caravelle” detachment, built yachts with children, taught members of the detachment to fencing, and went on hikes. Of course, it was easy for him to write for children. "The Boy with the Sword" is a novel about squad life. A.S. Makarenko writes the novel “Pedagogical Poem” about the re-education of juvenile offenders in a children’s labor colony, the creator and director of which in the 20s of the twentieth century was the author himself. Famous story the same Paustovsky's "Telegram" was written based on real story, which Konstantin Georgievich learned about while traveling around the country. Remember the writers who went through the war and wrote about the war. There are plenty of examples.
“To work alone, you need an iron will. How many people have it? It’s much easier to work in the world, in an artel, in the world it’s easier to lift heavy weights,” these words from the editorial of the first issue of the Teacher’s Newspaper, published on October 3, 1924, belong to Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya. It was she, the head of the Glavpolitprosvet under the People's Commissariat of Education, and then the deputy people's commissar of education of the RSFSR, who stood at the origins of the Teacher's Newspaper, helped create it, formulate its main task - to reveal and solve the problems of teachers. Quickly, competently, together... This year the Teacher's Newspaper turns 95 years old. This same year we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya. About these inextricably linked anniversaries, see the materials of our authors - Nadezhda Tumova and Professor Mikhail Boguslavsky.
Perhaps the most important thing for a teenager is to enjoy authority in his environment. The opinions of parents and teachers about how he studies, looks and generally acts in different life situations, fade into the background at this age. The main thing is what peers think. How can you avoid becoming an outcast in such a situation? Who is a leader in today's teenage environment? What qualities do you need to have to become one? Answers in the new issue of the newspaper in the Epicenter newspaper.
“We learn while we are alive. And we will study until we die” - this is the credo of a student in China. Today, three times more people study in universities in this country than live in ours. The number is colossal! And here it is well understood: education - driving force economics, so everyone always needs to learn. Sergei Rykov learned first-hand how it is possible to organize and direct so many people in the right educational direction.
