Homemade drum sanding machine. Homemade wood sanding machine DIY horizontal belt sanding machine

Homemade disk grinding machine, made by a craftsman with his own hands: detailed photos manufacturing with description.

I decided to make a grinding machine for my garage. In the bins I found an old Soviet-made engine, power about 1 kW, 1420 rpm.

This means I completely disassembled this electric motor and cleaned it of rust using sandpaper and needle files.

On distribution box the nut was lost, I had to put the nut from the adapter on the plastic pipe.

I polished the body with GOI paste.

Then I cleaned and painted the casing, using primer, paint and varnish.

I ordered a plan washer from a turner. Outer diameter - 100 mm, 4 holes and one in the center, all with a diameter of 4 mm, the thickness of the washer itself is 4 mm. However, it turned out that the plan washer is put on the engine shaft with at least a little effort, but by hand, and it needs to be done with a little tension. The foil doesn't fit, it's too tight, so I applied a layer of primer.

Then I made a working surface - a chipboard disk. I bought 2 pieces Chipboard thickness 16 mm, for coarse and fine sandpaper. 5 or 6 layers of PF-170 varnish were applied in a circle.

To accurately install the disk, I did this: in the center of the plan washer (into a pre-drilled hole during manufacture), I drove a short nail and aligned it with drilled hole in the center of the disk, marked and drilled 4 holes in the disk for fastening.

He drowned the screw caps and placed them on epoxy resin so that they do not turn when tightening the nuts.

I made the bed from an old closet door.

I installed capacitors.

Glued to the disk sandpaper No. 60 for PVA glue. Maximum size disk that can be used is 330 mm.

During production wooden structures V mandatory it is necessary to clean their surfaces. Manual labor will take a long time and will not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more advisable to make the machine yourself.

Drum machine design

Manufacturing should begin with studying the design features of this type of equipment. Grinding machine drum type intended for processing wooden surfaces, their alignment and deburring.

The device belongs to a type of wood surface grinder that performs a calibration function. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making a unit with your own hands is the choice optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.

Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:

frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this purpose;
sanding drum. It is important to choose the correct diameter and method for removing chips. With your own hands you can make a base on which the sanding tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head from a professional turner with cutting edge. It all depends on the type of work;
device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
desktop The workpiece will be placed on it. When making a machine with your own hands, experts recommend making this component from fiberglass;

Additionally, drum grinding equipment can be equipped with a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing area. It is also recommended to make a working table with a variable height relative to the snare drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden workpiece.

If grinding the outer or inner surface of the board is necessary, the drum should be positioned horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust it in height.

Types of drum grinding machines

The next step is to select the design of the wood cutting machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade equipment drum type is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.

For factory production lines special processing centers are required. They have complex functionality and can simultaneously perform several operations. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, it is not advisable to consider them as home equipment.

There are following types machining centers:

surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-production;
cylindrical grinding. Designed for processing cylindrical surfaces. For this purpose, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.

To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are distinguished by their simple design, availability of components and relatively quick production.

In addition to leveling, drum sanders can be used to remove layers of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or do-it-yourself wooden interior parts.

Making your own grinding machine

The simplest model of a do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Sanding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.

But this design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make woodworking equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models, which can be taken from old household appliances – washing machine or a vacuum cleaner.

The procedure for making a homemade machine.

Frame. It should be quite stable. Therefore, it is made from sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. As an alternative, you can consider plexiglass with a thickness of 10 mm.
The engine is installed so that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
Drum for processing. If you plan to perform only grinding work— an abrasive tape is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
Desk. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to a fixed cylinder.
Control unit. DIY designs rarely provide the ability to adjust the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.

Homemade machine

One of the main methods of processing wood (after cutting, of course) is sanding. Manual method known for a long time - wooden block is wrapped in sandpaper, and with the help of such a simple device the workpiece is given the required shape.

The method is unproductive and requires considerable physical effort. Craftsmen who work with wood regularly use small-scale mechanization.

Types of grinding machines

There are a variety of ready-made devices on sale that can be used to process wooden blanks any size. To understand the mechanism of operation, consider some of them:

Based on the name, the working surface is made in the form of a disk.

The design is quite simple - a circle with good rigidity is put on the axis of the electric motor. The outer surface has a Velcro coating on which sandpaper is attached. No gearboxes or drive mechanisms are required. The grinding force is small, the rotor axis can handle the load quite well.

A hand rest is installed in the transverse plane, at the level of the center of the disk. It can have a hinged mount, which allows you to process workpieces at a fixed angle.

A feature of disk machines is the adjustment of processing speed without changing the number of axis revolutions. You simply move the workpiece along the radius of the circle. At a uniform angular velocity, the linear velocity at the periphery is higher.

A strip of sandpaper, joined into a continuous strip, is stretched between two shafts.

Moreover, in work area does not sag under workpiece pressure. A persistent working plane is installed under the tape, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. By pressing the material being processed to the plane, the operator receives an endless abrasive surface.

The quality and ease of processing cannot be compared with with hand tools. For mass production wooden products, such a sled is an indispensable attribute of any workshop.

The main feature is the predictable result throughout the entire plane. You can level the ends of a sufficiently long length.

Grinding equipment is used for finishing parts. The machine performs finishing technological operations in the manufacture of wooden and metal products. A significant advantage of such a device is its ability self-assembly. Homemade unit somewhat inferior in performance to factory models, but will cost much less.

Working principle and characteristics of the grinding machine

Grinders differ from each other design and scope of application. General characteristics instrument - a similar operating principle. The working mechanism rotates and the abrasive material grinds the surface of the part.

When choosing ready-made equipment or making a machine yourself, you must take into account the main characteristics of such equipment:

Power. When using the machine at home, a power of 400 W is sufficient. To perform production tasks, you will need high efficiency and productivity of the unit - at least 1 kW.
Rotation speed of the working mechanism. The grinding abrasive element performs up to 3000 revolutions per minute per minute. The higher the rotation speed, the better quality processing. Experts recommend using units with an indicator of at least 500.
Processing area. This parameter is determined based on the scope of application. The wider the drums or sanding belt, the larger products you can sand.
Device dimensions. Dimensions are an important parameter, which largely depends on the area of the workshop or workshop. At self-production the machine is designed so that after its installation there is enough space left to place tools, workpieces, consumables and other equipment.

Features of different grinding machines

Depending on the configuration of the abrasive unit, the following types of machines are distinguished.

Tape device- grinder. The machine is equipped with an abrasive belt, which wears out over time and requires periodic replacement. Using the unit, you can remove a layer of rust from metal, adjust the dimensions of the product in some planes, clean and shape wooden parts.

Positive aspects of tape machines:

versatility;
small dimensions and light weight;
possibility of self-production;
The belt length can be adjusted to allow grinding and polishing of products of different sizes.

Advice. When equipping belt grinding equipment, it is better to choose graphite abrasives - they are the most wear-resistant.

Drum machine works on the principle of a drill. The grinding part of the device rotates from the motor at a speed of about 2000 rpm. The main purpose is to calibrate flat long workpieces. A drum-type unit is more difficult to manufacture, but such a homemade wood grinding machine will allow you to process slats, panel surfaces made of MDF, chipboard, veneered material and wood.

Disk device(plate machine). It is quite possible to assemble the unit yourself, as it has a simple structure. Disc machines characterized by the following features:

compact dimensions and ease of use for domestic purposes;
good performance with a powerful electric motor;
Possibility of polishing conical, spherical and cylindrical workpieces.

Combined grinding machine - a combination of functions of surface and cylindrical grinding equipment. One device is equipped with a grinding wheel and an abrasive belt. This option is optimal for small workshops and garages, where installing two units at once is problematic.

Homemade belt sander

Belt-type device components

A homemade grinding machine for metal or wood has the following design:

The bed is the base of the machine. The working base of the structure is usually made static - screwed to the floor. Sometimes the equipment is additionally equipped with wheels for ease of movement.
Working platform for subsequent placement of the electric motor.
Electric motor. Typically, the drive is installed near a larger diameter drive roller.
Driver and driven tension roller. When making it yourself, you can use scrap materials made of metal or wood. high density. To prevent the tape from rolling off the shaft, the diameter of the central part of the roller must be made 2 mm smaller than at the edge. To prevent the belt from slipping, it is advisable to wrap a thin layer of rubber on the drums.
The belt tensioning mechanism consists of a lever and a pressure spring. The lever is fixed to the frame and the driven tension roller.

Important! For processing steel or wood, tapes based on paper or fabric are used. Tape width - 5-31 cm, length - from 11 cm, grain size from P-80.

Belt unit manufacturing technology

Homemade belt sanders for wood or metal can be made from the following materials:

electric motor with a shaft rotation speed of about 1300-1600 rpm;
steel pipes at least 2 mm thick;
corners with a section of 50*50*5, 25*20*1.5 - the quantity is determined by the dimensions of the equipment;
magnetic stand for fixing metal workpieces;
bearing supports, ball screws;
shafts for fastening the tape;
rail guides.

Sequence of work:

The type of machine described is more suitable for grinding flat metal workpieces.

Homemade drum sander

Drum-type equipment design

The drum sander belongs to the class of calibration models. The main element of the device is the sanding drum, which gives smoothness to wooden surfaces.

Basic equipment elements:

bed;
engine;
planing drum with sanding tape;
feeding drum with conveyor belt;
mechanism for adjusting drum speed;
stands for fixing the position of the grinding drum;
protective cover;
dust extractor

Homemade wood grinding machine: drawing

Step-by-step instructions for creating a machine

Stage 1. Selecting an electric motor. An old engine from washing machine. Remove the pulleys, belt and electrical parts from the equipment. It is advisable to give preference to asynchronous single-phase electric motor at 200-300 W, 1500-2000 rpm.

Stage 2. Making a drum. Suitable for creating it PVC pipe, wooden rings and other improvised items. Drum set PVC is made as follows:

From plastic pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, cut a piece of the required length.
Prepare end caps from wood with holes 2 cm in the center.
Secure the end elements to the pipe using screws.
Pass a steel rod 15-20 mm thick through the hole.
Glue a rubber sheet on top of the pipe.
Using a stapler, secure the sandpaper to the drum.

Stage 3. Preparing the work table and bed. The body is made of wood:

“Cut” the wooden canvas into side panels (2 pieces), a spacer, parts of the worktop (base and moving component).
Assemble and strengthen the structure with a cross member. The internal spacer will additionally act as a support for the adjustment screw.
To be able to control the progress work surface its movable element is fixed with a piano loop to the base. An adjusting screw is installed on the workpiece feed side.

Stage 4. Assembly is performed in the following sequence:

Stage 5. Attaching the protective cover and commissioning.

Do-it-yourself grinding devices

In addition to large machines, small practical devices for polishing metal products or grinding some parts can also be useful in everyday life. Many of them are quite possible to do with your own hands.

Mini grinder and metal polisher

Home craftsmen and hobbyists will find a mini-grinder useful - the device is used for high-quality cleaning of surfaces before soldering. The necessary parts can be taken from an old Soviet tape recorder.

Glue fine-grained sandpaper onto a wooden round plate. This will be the working part of the sander. To start the machine you will need a small motor with a shaft diameter of 1.5 mm and a button. Solder the start button to the electric motor.

Suitable for power supply network adapter at 7 V. One contact of the adapter is soldered to the switch leg, and the second to the electric motor. Fill the soldering areas with hot glue. After it dries, wrap the body with heat shrink or electrical tape. Finish stage- fixation of the working grinding element.

Homemade disc grinder

A low-power disc sander is useful for turning small-sized wooden products. For the machine shown in the photo, a 90 W three-phase switch was used, launched through a capacitor. The engine with a speed of 2750 per minute is connected in a triangle with a starting capacitor and reverse. The connections are soldered and hidden in heat shrink.

The base is fixed on four steel rods - can be quickly installed and removed if necessary. An M14 mandrel is attached to the shaft; it is possible to install different attachments from an angle grinder.

Safety precautions when working with homemade grinding equipment

When performing work on the machine, you should adhere to a number of rules that will help protect yourself and others from possible injuries:

Do not touch working surfaces and moving components with your hands.
While working, you must wear safety glasses to prevent particles of hot scale and abrasive from getting into your eyes.
Before starting work, you need to check the reliability of the fastening of the shafts, tape and disk.
It is important to monitor and check the integrity of the wire braid. If the slightest malfunction is detected, work must be suspended.
A protective cover must be used. The element somewhat narrows the view, but greatly increases the level of safety.

Homemade vertical grinding machine: video

A grinding machine is also called a grinder, which is translated from English grinder as crusher.

There are crushers for stones, crushers for meat - we have meat grinders, and there are garden crushers that produce wood chips. But if the word is used independently - simply grinder, only one thing is meant: a grinding machine in the field of metal processing.

Grinder is good and useful everywhere, including household– from competent sharpening of a high-quality knife or tailor’s scissors to grinding a complex part made of metal or other “difficult” material. In other words, the tool is needed and will be useful on the farm.

Moreover, it is quite possible to make it with your own hands. To do this it is not at all necessary to have special equipment and solid professional experience.

Of course, you will have to tinker, but you will do exactly what you need and, most importantly, you will save a serious amount of money, up to several thousand American dollars.

Do we do it with a disk or with a tape?

Grinder drawing.

In terms of the breadth of the product line, grinding machines can only be rivaled by lathes. Grinders on the market are offered huge amount- of all colors and sizes.

The most famous and primitive one is in the form of the famous emery - a pair of grinding stone wheels with a screwed-on motor. These machines are sold with a wide variety of schemes and operating principles.

But if you're planning on making a DIY sander yourself, it's best to stop and choose between two options: disc or belt.

Disc grinder - a grinding layer of abrasive is applied to the disk, which rotates when turned on.
A belt machine in which the abrasive is applied to a belt wound on rollers.

Which one is better is a matter of debate. The correct criterion would be “which one is more necessary.” The choice should depend on what exactly you are going to sand. If these are relatively simple parts made of, say, wood, homemade disc wood sanders will be more suitable for you.

If you have serious grinding work ahead for precise finishing touches with complex details, choose tape.

It is necessary to take into account the difference between a suit and a tape, not only in terms of their functional features. Another important factor– drive power. Sanding wooden mortars small size– you will have enough power within the range of 160 – 170 W.

This can easily be produced by a simple motor from a washing machine or even from an old drill.

For belt grinder Old household motors will not work in any way. There you will need an engine with a power of at least 400 - 500 W, and not a simple one, but a three-phase one with starting and running capacitors.

For grinding massive and large parts, higher power will be needed: up to 1200 W. Let us immediately note that purchasing capacitors for the machine will cost you not much less than the motor itself.

Selecting a feed

A machine with a tape is more versatile in terms of functionality: it does everything that disk models do, plus much more. Let us immediately note that there are a great many options for amateur models of belt sanding machines.

The fact is that the nature of this machine is very flexible, allowing you to use a variety of available materials, even finds in scrap metal dumps.

The main thing is to know and adhere to three rules:

The abrasive side of the belt must be adjusted very precisely so that only the workpiece that is being sanded touches it.
The tape must be evenly tensioned at any time and regardless of the type of work.
The speed of movement of the machine should be different and should depend only on one thing: the type of part and the nature of the grinding.

Construction of a homemade belt sanding machine

Grinding machine device.

The main parts of the machine are as follows:

A motor or motor-driven engine powered by electricity.
It is better to install the drive next to the main diameter drive roller.
Base or bed.
It is often fixed directly on the floor, sometimes this thing rides on wheels - whatever is more convenient and necessary for you.
Two tension rollers - driving and driven.
Make of metal or very durable wood with a thin layer of cushioning rubber to prevent the tape from slipping onto the rollers or drum.
Spring and lever for the belt tension system.
The spring is pressed, and the lever is attached to the base and driven roller.
Base for placing a motor with a drive.
For abrasive tape you need to use paper or cloth.
Its width can be very different - in the range from 5 to 30 cm. Grit level - from 80.
Metal pipes with a thickness of 2 mm or more.
Metal corners in accordance with the dimensions of the machine.
Special magnetic stand for metal parts.
Rail type guides.

Diagram of the grinding machine.

Stages of work:

We make the frame of the base or bed.
– we cut the corners according to the dimensions of the bed;
– weld the frame and corners;
– we fix a chipboard board at the bottom of the frame to reduce vibration during operation.
Making a work surface.
– cut to size steel sheet and weld it directly to the base;
– weld the rail guides to the top of the frame;
– we make a carriage from corners with wheels for moving along the guides of the bed;
– on both sides of the working surface we mount and fix bearing supports;
– fix the screw with the handle on the carriage;
We fix the electric motor to the working area lifting system.
We fix the gear supports.
We install a tape with an abrasive coating.
– cut the tape with a margin of a few centimeters at an angle of 45°;
– glue it together overlapping with glue on the sides with the abrasive washed off with water;
– dry the gluing area with a hairdryer;
We are preparing for a test launch of the machine.
– we treat all machine parts with machine oil;
– supply electrical power;
- We do a test run.

Safety precautions when working on a sanding grinder

Like any other work on any other machines, grinding on a homemade belt sanding machine is subject to fairly strict safety rules that must be strictly adhered to.

The principle of operation of the grinder.

These rules are as follows:

It is strictly forbidden to touch anything that moves with your hands while the machine and working surface are operating.
Wear safety glasses while working to protect against hot abrasive particles.
Carefully check that the connections and fastenings of all moving parts of the grinder are tight.
Monitor the condition of the braiding of electrical wires.
A protective casing is a must, even though it slightly narrows the viewing angle.