Quit smoking - sore throat. Plaque on the tongue - how dangerous it is and why it forms

Language - status indicator human body. Based on the color, density and dislocation of plaque, an experienced doctor will be able to learn a lot about the patient’s health.

Eastern healers have long believed that Each human organ has a specific part of the tongue, if this part of the tongue is covered with plaque, it means that the corresponding organ requires attention.

• Heart- tip of the tongue;
• Spleen- middle part, closer to the base;
• Liver and gallbladder- side parts;
• Lungs- middle part, closer to the tip;
• Intestines- root.

Often it is enough to normalize your diet, and the plaque disappears on its own. But in certain situations, treatment may be necessary, especially if it involves a condition of the heart, lungs or kidneys. In this case, the diet does not eliminate the dense layer of deposits.

For accurate diagnosis of the tongue, only the location of the plaque is not enough; its density plays an important role.

The lighter and thinner the plaque layer, the milder the form of the disease. And vice versa, the darker and denser it is, the more complex and advanced the disease is.

Uneven plaque on one side can be a sign of both insufficient oral hygiene and the presence of serious functional disorders. Therefore, be sure to follow the rules:

If, with careful oral hygiene and an adjusted diet, plaque on the tongue lasts for five or more days, you should consult a doctor.

Plaque color

As mentioned above, the darker the plaque, the more serious the patient’s condition.

• White and not too abundant plaque is usually not a cause for concern.
• A thick layer of white plaque with an unpleasant odor indicates a disruption of the intestines; it usually accompanies food poisoning.
• Yellow plaque may indicate both malfunctions of the digestive system and diseases of the gallbladder and liver. In this case, the final word remains with the doctor.
• Dark-colored plaque should cause the most concern.
• Gray, black or brown deposits usually indicate the presence of chronic forms of gastrointestinal disease.

Tell us about work internal organs a person’s tongue itself can, even if it is not coated:

• pale - vitamin deficiency and anemia;
• red - heart or hematopoietic system;
• cyanotic - lungs and kidneys.

In conclusion, I would like to advise you to acquire the good habit of examining the condition of your tongue every morning, during hygiene procedures. If something seems doubtful to you, consult a doctor for advice. Be attentive to your health!

The smoker's tongue is the first to take on the attack of tobacco smoke and other toxic substances. Negative influence Toxins and hot smoke are fully felt not only by the tongue, but also by the adjacent teeth, lips, and the oral cavity as a whole.

The Internet is full of questions about how to reduce the consequences of smoking, what to do if your tongue hurts after another cigarette. And here both humorous and quite serious advice is given. But why eliminate discomfort and various diseases, including cancer, if you can simply quit smoking, thereby preserving both your health and your family’s budget?

As a result of the smoking process, both the tongue and the oral cavity are injured, getting burned from hot tobacco smoke, and various types of tar, nicotine and other toxic substances do not have the best effect. As a result of this effect, small nodules appear on the tongue, other neoplasms appear, which over time develop into a malignant tumor. Tongue cancer most often occurs on its lower surface or sides.

At the early stage of cancer, the boundaries of the nodules on the tongue are clearly defined, but later these boundaries are erased and become blurred. Distinctive feature The low quality of such a tumor is the compaction of the tissue under the ulcer, while the edges of the ulcer have a roller-like appearance and rise.

In addition to the painful manifestations that accompany inflammation of the tongue, there is a disgusting smell from the mouth, which is caused by constant bleeding. Here we cannot but agree that such a smell is, first of all, unpleasant for others.

The topic in which smoking and language are discussed is most relevant in lately, this is directly related to the fact that the incidence of cancer in the oral cavity, including the tongue, is growing every year. The mortality rate from this type of disease is also increasing, millions are spent on treating cancer patients, but, nevertheless, the tobacco business is thriving. People simply don’t understand that if your tongue tingles after smoking a cigarette, these are the first bells indicating impending trouble. And at this stage, it’s time to get rid of cigarettes once and for all in order to save your life and the health of future generations.

Anna Kopirkina

If you don't want to quit smoking, HERE don't press!!!

The tongue helps a person perceive and distinguish a palette of tastes from salty to sweet, from sour to spicy. In the human mouth there can be from two to 10 thousand taste buds, which transmit information about taste to the brain via nerve endings.

• How does smoking affect our tongue?
• Coated tongue of smokers
• Tongue cancer from smoking
• Conclusion

If a person smokes, then over time the receptors lose sensitivity. What is this connected with? Why does smoking cause a coating on the tongue, find out from the article.

Why do unpleasant sensations appear in the tongue area after smoking?

IN oriental medicine Experts evaluate a person’s health by the state of their tongue. Moreover, such diagnostics almost never fail a specialist. The absence or presence of plaque, the formation of nodules, pain or burning - all these symptoms can tell about the condition of other organs in the body.

Many smokers begin to complain that after smoking, unpleasant sensations such as itching, burning or pain appear in the tongue area. Experts attribute the following to the main causes of discomfort:

• Stomatitis;
• Injury to the tongue by teeth;
• Burn from cold or hot;
• The appearance of bleeding sores;
• Ulcers on the tongue;
• Formation of nodules (palpable papules).

In many ways, prolonged smoking is a provocateur. To get rid of prolonged pain from stomatitis, you need to rinse your mouth with a soda solution once an hour:

• Take a glass of clean water;
• Put one spoon of soda;
• Put one spoon of salt;
• Add 5 drops of iodine;
• Stir.

Gently rinse, scooping the solution into your mouth for 2-3 minutes.

Video taken from channel: Svetlana Dentist

If you have injured your tongue with your teeth, you need to rinse your mouth with a specially prepared infusion:

• Take 1 spoon of calendula flowers;
• Pour a glass of boiling water;
• Leave for one hour;
• Rinse 6 times a day.

In other cases, you need to consult a therapist; after examination, the doctor will prescribe treatment or refer you to a specialized specialist.

The occurrence of pain in the tongue is typical when

nicotine overdose

Due to heavy consumption of cigarettes, the receptors become clogged, resulting in a feeling of discomfort.

Coated tongue of smokers

According to statistics, 94% of smokers develop a coating on their tongue. Smoking is directly related to this problem, since the toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke disrupt the microflora of the oral cavity. Beneficial bacteria die and are replaced by fungi and bacteria that actively develop in a humid environment.

At the beginning, a white, dense coating appears, the consistency of thick sour cream. Over time it gets darker from the effects of nicotinic acid, included in the composition. To cure a person, the doctor takes swabs from the mouth and sends them for examination.

The type of bacteria or fungus is determined in the laboratory; after receiving the results, the doctor prescribes medications that act on this type of microorganism. It is quite difficult to get rid of this problem on your own, so for treatment it is necessary to identify the type of bacteria.

Video taken from channel: JitZdorovo

In addition to light deposits, a dark, brown or even black shade can also form. Its appearance may be a symptom of more serious diseases associated with the functioning of internal organs, in particular the digestive or cardiovascular systems.

You need to reconsider your diet, and also make meals more frequent to improve metabolism. Many smokers have a decreased appetite due to receptor contamination, resulting in fewer meals. To restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore get rid of plaque, it is recommended to adhere to a healthy, proper diet, and try to minimize the intake of alcohol, sweet soda, coffee and coloring products.

In medical practice, problems with the appearance of sediment on the tongue are often associated with problems cardiovascular system caused by long-term smoking. So if a person takes a drag from a cigarette, then a sharp spasm of blood vessels occurs in his body, and they begin to narrow. Severe narrowing leads to the collapse of the walls of the vessel, and it stops letting blood through.

If the vessel collapses at the tip of the tongue, the body will not be able to provide blood supply to this place and gradually the cells will begin to die. The process leads to the formation of an ulcer with clear boundaries. To avoid problems with the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a cardiologist as a preventative measure.

Modern medicine can cure in the early stages this problem without surgical intervention. The main thing is to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Is it possible to smoke after having your tongue pierced?

Piercing or puncture of the tongue involves a violation of the integrity of the organ, therefore, after the procedure, adherence to the regime is necessary. Such a measure will help avoid complications, and will also promote tongue restoration and favorable healing.

Doctors do not recommend smoking cigarettes after the procedure within 3 days. This is necessary to prevent bacteria from entering the oral cavity. It is worth noting that nicotinic acid interferes with the formation of connective tissues, so the healing process occurs more slowly.

The consequences of non-compliance with the rules may be:

• Stomatitis;
• Foreign object rejection;
• Deterioration of the recovery process;
• Puncture bleeding;
• The appearance of plaque in the puncture area.

Usually, after the procedure, the specialist issues a reminder on how to care for the piercing and what to do in the first days of its installation. Try to follow these instructions.

Tongue cancer from smoking

Oncological disease of the tongue most often occurs due to the fact that after prolonged smoking, the resulting plaque provokes the formation of nodules. They are lumps that resemble small pimples. Fluid or pus may accumulate inside the nodules.

If treatment is not started in a timely manner, nodules with pus can develop into a tumor formation. Injury to the tongue by teeth that have caries leads to plaque getting into the wound and it does not heal for a long time. An ulcer with precise boundaries is formed, this is the first signal of the appearance of a tumor. At first, the formation is benign and can be treated.

It is important to pay attention to the symptoms of this disease:

• Increased salivation;
• Burning, itching in the tongue area;
• Bleeding;
• Sharp pain;
• Impaired mobility;
• Dark coating;
• Formed ulcer.
• The painful area is covered with mucus.

If you notice any of the above symptoms, it is recommended to make an appointment with an oncologist. The specialist will prescribe diagnostics, during which a diagnosis will be made and treatment will be prescribed.

On at the moment There are currently three treatment methods:

• Surgical intervention;
• Chemotherapy;
• Laser burning.

People who smoke are 18 times more likely to get oral cancer.

How to clear your tongue of nicotine?

The plaque from smoking has a more yellow color, a specific smell, and a denser consistency. Because of this, it is quite problematic to clean it. There are several rules to maintain oral hygiene:

• Plaque must be removed twice a day while brushing your teeth. You can use a special tongue brush, you can clean it with a regular toothbrush or a special tongue scraper, which is sold at the pharmacy.
• It is useful to cleanse with a silver spoon. Cutlery, made of silver, has an antibacterial effect. Gently run the spoon over your tongue to remove plaque. Don't push, be careful.
• Rinsing helps freshen your breath and also helps remove some of the sediment on your tongue. It is necessary to buy a mouthwash and rinse your mouth after each meal.

There are also folk remedies that help get rid of plaque:

• Take a piece of propolis and chew it thoroughly. The method helps eliminate bad smell from the mouth.
• Rinse with chamomile tincture. Pour a teaspoon of chamomile extract into a glass of boiling water. Leave for an hour until completely cooled. Rinse 4 times a day to remove plaque.
• Natural products are sold in pharmacies chewing gum from resin of coniferous trees. You can chew this gum once a day to prevent plaque.

It is advisable to visit the dentist once every six months for a routine examination.

Video taken from the channel: Lifehacks. Useful tips.

Conclusion

Smoking has a significant impact on the tongue; with prolonged use of tobacco products, a plaque forms in the mouth, which is difficult to clean off.

It is often possible to observe the appearance of ulcers or nodules, and if detected, it is necessary to urgently contact a physician so that he can prescribe treatment or refer you to a specialized specialist.

Sincerely, Amanda Harshman!

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Why does my tongue hurt?

One of the most important organs in humans is the tongue. It “participates” in speech, as well as the process of chewing food. It contains taste buds. They look like small papillae. They are responsible for human perception of the taste of food.

• Why does my tongue hurt?
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• Why does the tip of the tongue hurt and what to do?
• Causes of pain on the tip of the tongue
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• Quit smoking - sore throat
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• Why does smoking cause a coating on the tongue?
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• Why your tongue may hurt and how to eliminate the pain
• Causes of tongue pain
• Injuries
• Inflammation
• Glossitis
• Allergy
• Neuralgic problems
• Hidden human diseases
• Problems with blocked salivary glands
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Why does my tongue hurt, under the tongue, on the sides, at the base? What to do if there is pain? How to treat? It is difficult to formulate a question when the feeling of discomfort in the mouth becomes continuous. The tongue is an organ whose health you pay attention to only when the pain becomes unbearable. If this happens, you need to visit an otolaryngologist or dentist. He will conduct an examination and determine the appropriate treatment.

Causes of pain

Why is my tongue swollen and does it hurt on the side? Reasons? How to treat? All these questions arise when discomfort in the mouth appears.

Among the significant reasons for the appearance of painful sensations are:

This factor is one of the most frequently encountered. Mechanical damage can occur when chewing food. These are various kinds of pinching, scratches, burns. As a result, pain begins in the tongue, on the side under the tongue. The causes of injury may be more serious: chipping of tooth enamel, sharpened edges of a filling, improperly performed prosthetics. With constant mechanical impact, the pain intensifies and lasts longer.

My tongue started to hurt - what are the causes of pain?

1. Various inflammatory processes.

Inflammatory processes are one of the most serious causes of pain in the tongue. If the patient also talks about discomfort in the throat, palate, or difficulty swallowing, then you need to see a doctor. In this case, there is a possibility of the formation of an inflammatory process in the oral cavity against the background of a viral infection. If the nasopharynx is affected, then the sublingual lymph nodes subsequently enlarge.

Many young mothers do not have information on how to respond to the following complaints in a child: the tongue hurts at the base of the root, it hurts to swallow and white coating. What to do in such cases? It's better to see a doctor right away. He will determine an accurate diagnosis, because... symptoms may be a consequence of purulent tonsillitis. In this case, appropriate drug therapy is prescribed.

Pain syndrome can be provoked against the background of viral stomatitis. Rashes of all kinds appear on the surface of the tongue organ, the mucous membrane. The course of this disease is accompanied by difficulties in swallowing food and discomfort.

Allergy to food products, medications can cause pain. In this case, symptoms occur immediately after eating. This is especially true for products such as kiwi, pineapple, and seeds. Pain syndrome can occur after drinking alcoholic beverages or smoking.

An allergic reaction manifests itself in different ways. These could be stomatitis or fungal diseases.

1. Neuralgia.

Another factor that provokes the occurrence of pain in the oral cavity can be called various types of neuralgia. For example, glossalgia - it develops against the background of dysfunction of the endocrine system and neurogenic ailments. Psychological shock or severe stress can cause the development of the disease. Symptoms of glossalgia are numbness of the tongue organ of varying degrees of etiology, tingling, burning. Also fatigue organ at the time of conversation, pain in the lips can become a signal of a neuralgic disease.

Therefore install the real reason The occurrence of pain in the tongue in the presence of various types of neuralgia is quite difficult.

Unidentified diseases of the internal organs can cause pain in the tongue. Painful sensations and discomfort are caused by various kinds of transformations in the general condition of the body. The tongue organ quickly responds to diseases of an infectious nature. In this case, inflammation occurs, for example glossitis.

How to find out what caused the pain in the tongue?

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, abnormalities in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, and anemia can manifest themselves as various types of discomfort in the mouth.

Many patients ask the dentist why there is inflammation and pain under the tongue, on the left, on the right. The cause may be a blockage of the salivary gland located next to the tongue.

One of the most fundamental reasons that result in painful sensations is the presence of oncology. In this case, in patients the pain is localized inside the organ. The presence and nature of discomfort depends on the stage of development of the disease. For example, the initial phase of cancer may not be accompanied by discomfort in the oral cavity. And symptoms appear with further development of the disease. In this case, the patient is referred to an oncologist.

Thus, if symptoms appear, you should not treat tongue diseases on your own. Which doctor should I contact? A dentist or therapist will take an anamnesis and conduct an examination. Based on the data obtained, treatment will be prescribed or referred to the appropriate specialist - oncologist, endocrinologist, otolaryngologist, etc.

Classification of pain

According to localization they distinguish following types pain.

What to do if your tongue starts to hurt, what caused it?

Pain at the tip occurs for a number of reasons:

• mechanical damage - biting while chewing food, burns from food that is too hot. As a result, the papillae or the tongue itself are injured. The patient feels severe pain at the site of injury. In some cases, problems arise when eating. Such mini-injuries heal on their own;
• glossalgia. This is a complex disease that is difficult to treat. It manifests itself as soreness at the tip, and in some cases, at the sides of the organ. The nature of the pain is a burning sensation, like after a thermal burn. As the disease develops, painful manifestations can spread to other organs. Patients report pain in the tongue, gums, lips, and cheeks. If any symptom occurs, it is recommended to consult a doctor;
• glossitis. This disease is infectious in nature. In this case, it is the tip that is affected, which is associated with an increased likelihood of injury. It manifests itself as an inflammatory process at the site of damage and infection;
• stomatitis. This disease is manifested by the spread of painful ulcers over the surface of the tongue. Any touch to them results in pronounced pain;
• allergic reaction.

1. Under the tongue at the base.

Another type is the presence of pain at the base of the tongue. Painful sensations do not allow you to talk or eat normally, which affects the general emotional state of a person.

Why does the root, base of the tongue hurt when swallowing? The reasons can be very different - from allergies to serious inflammatory processes.

• glossalgia. Depending on the constitutional characteristics of the tongue, the pain syndrome in this disease can be localized not only at the tip of the tongue, but also at its base. More detailed symptoms are described above;
• allergic reactions;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Prolonged pain in the area of ​​the base of the tongue can result from various types of diseases of this organ;
• avitaminosis. It manifests itself as a painful tingling at the root of the tongue;
• phlegmon, abscess. These are purulent diseases of inflammatory nature. They manifest as acute pain in the base of the tongue, putrid breath, and increased salivation. It is also difficult for the patient to close his mouth. Subsequently, the tongue swells, speech becomes slurred, and breathing becomes difficult. Both diseases are dangerous, so if you have at least one sign, you need to consult a doctor.

1. On the sides of the tongue.

Complaints of pain on the sides of the tongue are provoked by all of the above reasons - injury, glossalgia, rashes and stomatitis.

What to do if your tongue hurts

However, there are several less common factors that can provoke the appearance of painful sensations:

• poorly adjusted dentures, the sharp edges of which rub and injure the mucous membrane;
• regular smoking;
• neuralgia.

Treatment methods for tongue pain

If you have pain in your tongue, you should see a specialist. Try to describe the symptoms in as much detail as possible in order to establish the true cause of the disease. The doctor will then determine the appropriate treatment.

If it is determined that the cause of the pain is an injury, the wound will need time to heal. Sometimes pain appears after piercing, i.e. piercing In this case, it is recommended to carry out care measures and maintain oral hygiene.

A sore throat and a white tongue can be symptoms of a sore throat. Inflamed tonsils and lymph nodes also cause pain. In this case, you need to go to a therapist who will determine the appropriate treatment. As inflammation and redness decrease, the pain in the tongue will subside.

When anesthetic drugs are administered during tooth extraction, swelling of the gums and pain in the tongue may occur. This is especially true for the posterior molars. However, the pain goes away on its own a few days after the procedure.

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Source: tip of tongue hurts

It is not uncommon for situations in which the tip of the tongue ache, which may indicate the presence various diseases or other problems. That is why you should never self-medicate, but immediately go to an experienced specialist, since there can be many difficulties and they will not always be easily eliminated at home with folk remedies or medications prescribed by a doctor. Another article talks about why your mouth gets dry and how to deal with this problem.

The article presents the main situations that are most often encountered in practice and describes the possibilities of eliminating the problems that have arisen, but all data is offered only for information about the situation and cannot in any way be perceived as a recommendation for treatment at home without visiting a doctor.

Why does my tongue go numb and my head hurt?

Symptoms of headache and numbness of the tongue are caused by the following diseases:

Problems of the cardiovascular system;

Osteochondrosis of the neck area;

Problems with the thyroid gland;

Smoking and alcohol, poisoning.

Why does the tip of the tongue hurt and how to treat it?

The tip of the tongue can cause pain due to mechanical damage. Symptoms may also be infectious and inflammatory in nature. Help for people with these complaints is provided by a therapist, dentist, otolaryngologist and endocrinologist. Treatment is prescribed according to the established diagnosis.

Why does the tongue and throat hurt, it hurts to swallow and there is a white, red coating on it and a sour taste in the mouth

These symptoms may:

Signal about a viral or bacterial infection;

Be an allergic reaction of the body;

Be caused by kidney problems;

Evidence of rheumatic heart disease.

Why does the tongue hurt at the tip and on the sides, sides, cracks and temperature

Pain on the tip and sides of the tongue can be associated with mini-injuries, for example, with poorly fitting dentures or accidental biting. Sometimes the appearance of cracks and ulcers on the tongue is a consequence reduced immunity or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The appearance of temperature also indicates an inflammatory process in the body, so these symptoms cannot be ignored.

Why does my tongue hurt from pineapple, sour, walnuts, seeds, kiwi?

Painful sensations after eating pineapple or kiwi are due to the fact that the enzymes and acids they contain corrode the cavity of the tongue. Therefore, after enjoying overseas fruits, you need to rinse your mouth thoroughly. Pain in the tongue from seeds or walnuts can be caused by damage to the mucous membrane or allergies. Try to give up these products for a while and monitor your well-being; if the pain does not go away, you need to consult a doctor.

Why does your tongue hurt from cigarettes, smoking, tomatoes, eggplants, lemon?

Pain in the tongue from cigarettes, tomatoes, eggplants, lemon is a symptom of an allergic reaction of the body. Refrain from smoking and eating inappropriate foods and your allergies will soon disappear.

The tip of the tongue hurts, treatment with folk remedies

To eliminate pain on the tip of the tongue, people use rinsing the mouth (after each meal) with decoctions of chamomile, calamus, sage, oak bark, calendula or celandine.

Why does the tongue hurt at the base, root, in a child?

If a child complains of pain at the base of the tongue, there is a high probability that he has glossitis (damage to the mucous membrane of the tongue). Glossitis can accompany other diseases that occur without significant symptoms, so there is no need to try to cure yourself.

Why does my tongue hurt after alcohol or tooth extraction?

Pain in the tongue after drinking alcohol may indicate an allergic reaction to alcohol or the presence of glossitis. The latter option will require a visit to the dentist. If your tongue hurts after a visit to the dentist (when you had a tooth removed), then there is a high probability of mechanical damage to the tongue, or your body reacts to anesthesia in such a unique way.

Why does the tongue hurt at the end, middle, center, when touched, how to treat

The most common cause of pain at the end, middle and center of the tongue is its mechanical injury. Biting, scratching and burns that occur when eating can damage the membrane of the tongue, and the resulting microtraumas, in turn, cause painful sensations when touched. In this case, rinsing your mouth with sage decoction helps a lot, oak bark or chamomile. However, pain in the tongue can also have other causes - stomatitis, glossitis, phlegmon, abscess, and this is already extremely dangerous. Therefore, it is better to play it safe and contact doctors who will prescribe the necessary treatment.

Why does the tongue hurt during pregnancy, as if it were burned, as if burned, what to do?

Pregnant women are also not immune from stomatitis and glossitis, the symptoms of which are pain in the tongue. Do not look for the causes of pain on the Internet, but seek clarification from specialists without delaying the visit to avoid complications.

Why does your tongue hurt when you eat a banana?

Most probable cause the fact that your tongue hurts when you eat a banana is a food allergy. Give up this overseas product, and everything will return to normal. If not, then you need to consult a doctor, because there may be problems with the pancreas or stomach.

Why does my tongue hurt? There are white and red dots on the tip of my tongue.

White and red dots on the tip of the tongue that cause pain can be caused by eating rough and hot foods, candies, etc. , but can also be a symptom of a malfunction in the body, when examination by a specialist is necessary. Rinsing the mouth with a solution of furatsilin and pale pink manganese helps to temporarily relieve the condition.

1 Comment

This summer I had an unsuccessful crown placement. The tongue constantly rubbed against it and from this friction an ulcer appeared :(

Source: the tip of the tongue hurts and what to do

The tongue performs many functions in the body - it prevents the penetration of pathogenic organisms, transmits sensations of heat, pain, taste, is an organ of speech, and also helps in digestion. What to do if the tip of your tongue hurts?

The health of the tongue can affect the health of the entire body. That is why you need to pay attention to any discomfort in the organ, since many diseases can manifest themselves in this way.

Causes of pain on the tip of the tongue

Pain on the tip of the tongue can have a different nature and causes of varying severity, which can be divided into several general groups. This is why the tip of your tongue hurts:

• Injury to mucosal tissue;
• Allergy;
• Inflammation, stomatitis;
• Smoking;
• Iron deficiency;
• Eating excessively spicy foods;
• Diseases of internal organs;
• Taking locally irritating medications.

Often injuries occur at home. The most common of them is accidentally biting the tip of the tongue, which damages the integrity of the mucous membrane. In the same way, the tongue can be damaged by incorrectly installed braces. Injuries associated with eating food that is hard and therefore rough enough for soft tissues are possible.

Glossalgia is a serious disease that often occurs on the tip of the tongue. The pain resembles that which appears after a burn. Sensations often spread beyond the tongue, covering part of the oral cavity, right up to the lips. The disease is difficult to treat, so if such symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor.

Glossitis – inflammatory process tongue muscle, which has a different character. Soreness occurs as a result of bacteria or infection entering through the wound. Glossitis often appears after accidentally biting the tongue, mainly on the tip.

The pain may be caused by a reaction to spicy foods or harsh medications. In addition, the sensation of pain on the tip of the tongue may be a specific manifestation of the body’s negative reaction to the allergen.

A separate class of oral diseases is stomatitis. They can be localized anywhere in the mucous membrane, including on the tip of the tongue. You can recognize stomatitis by small, painful, light yellow ulcers. In addition, inflammation of the salivary gland, cervical lymphatic system, or the tongue itself can cause discomfort.

Less common causes include smoking, digestive and circulatory systems, avitaminosis.

That's why the tip of the tongue hurts - these are all the reasons. Now let’s look at the symptoms of pain and tell you what to do.

Symptoms of various diseases

Based on the nature of the pain, one can assume the disease that caused it. The most common cause is microtrauma of the tongue that appears after biting the tongue with teeth. This pain goes away quickly, but at first it is acute. Subsequently, the pain is of a non-localized residual nature.

If we are talking about inflammatory phenomena of the lymphatic system, the pain takes on a pulling character. In this case, sensations are characteristic not so much in the tongue itself, but in the entire lower jaw; there is a feeling of its fullness. It must be remembered that inflammation of the lymph nodes often signals more serious disturbances in the functioning of the body.

A common cause of pain on the tip of the tongue is stomatitis. It is characterized by the appearance of a yellow-white small ulcer on the mucous membrane. The injury responds to mechanical stress with acute pain. This is the easiest type of disease to recognize.

In the case of other diseases, making a diagnosis is more difficult and therefore requires consultation with a doctor.

Treatment methods

Treatment of pain on the tip of the tongue should begin with identifying the exact causes that caused this symptom. This is often impossible without consulting a doctor – primarily a therapist or dentist. You may need to visit an otolaryngologist, or in extreme cases, an endocrinologist (especially if the causes of pain have neuralgic origins). Treatment can be therapeutic or folk.

Therapeutics

The course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor based on the results of the examination and analysis. Therapeutics include:

• a diet excluding spicy and irritating foods;
• rinsing with antiseptics - furatsilin, potassium permanganate, chlorhexidine;
• removing bacterial plaque from the tongue:
• compresses with sea buckthorn oil or honey;
• antimicrobial and antifungal drugs;
• medications prescribed by a doctor;
• vitamins and immunity-boosting drugs.

There is also a classification of drugs that help with certain lesions of the tongue. So, antiseptic drugs used in the treatment or prevention of infectious diseases. This type of therapeutic agents includes local disinfectants such as Furacilin and its analogues. Natural decoctions of disinfecting herbs have a similar effect.

These medications can also be used in antibacterial therapy, since the ultimate goal of both methods of treatment is the same. For the latter type, antibiotics are used. It must be remembered that before using them, a sensitivity test to the active substance should be performed. Semi-synthetic drugs are often used.

Antifungal agents are most often used in the treatment of fungal stomatitis. Self-administration of such drugs is unacceptable, since in this case the possible harm outweighs the possible benefit. Antihypoxants increase the speed of tissue metabolic processes and also promote rapid healing of damage. Used topically.

Sedatives are effective in treating glossalgia, if pain on the tip of the tongue is caused by this cause, antihistamines reduce allergic symptoms. In case of vitamin deficiencies, the doctor can prescribe vitamin and mineral complexes that meet the needs of the body at a particular moment. For diseases of the cervical spine, anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed.

Folk remedies

If the cause of the pain does not lie in a serious illness that requires long-term and complex treatment, it can be alleviated using traditional methods.

Such treatment methods are also suitable for providing first aid before visiting a doctor.

These include:

• rinsing the mouth with decoctions of antiseptic and regeneration-stimulating herbs (chamomile, nettle, sage are good);
• perhydrol compresses (concentration - 3%);
• rinsing with a solution of soda and salt;
• In case of intense pain, you can treat the damaged tissue with local anesthetics.

When using such treatment methods, you should remember the nuances that will help improve its effectiveness. When rinsing, you need to ensure that the prepared decoctions and solutions are warm and approximately equal to body temperature (36 degrees). Folk remedies should be used quite often - at least once every 3-4 hours, otherwise they may not bring the desired positive effect.

Immediately after rinsing, you should refrain from eating and drinking for an hour. Before prescribing a course of rinses, you need to make sure that there are no allergic reactions to natural ingredients, otherwise not only your tongue may get sick.

It will be useful to quit smoking during treatment, supplement your diet with fruits, and also more carefully monitor oral hygiene and its condition in general.

Timely treatment measures can stop the possible consequences of serious diseases. Also, reducing the severity of pain on the tip of the tongue will make eating and breathing easier, and the speech process will no longer be painful.

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Source: smoking causes a sore throat

Quitting smoking and having a sore throat does not mean that you need to go back to smoking. Former smokers often complain of similar pain.

Painful sensations in the throat cavity may occur during the process of quitting smoking and after some time. Let's try to understand the causes of discomfort and ways to eliminate this problem.

Why does my throat hurt after I quit smoking?

After you quit smoking, you may experience pain in your throat.

1. Cleansing. The body tries to remove toxins and combustion products accumulated over a long period of smoking. The “garbage” accumulated in the body is eliminated through the throat cavity, which is in the process of recovery, which causes inevitable painful sensations. In this case, the pain lasts relatively short time and goes away on its own when the throat cavity is completely restored.
2. Withdrawal syndrome. The pain may be psychosomatic in nature, caused by stress. There is a residual effect of nicotine on the central nervous system. Painful sensations are accompanied by a lump in the throat, tingling and numbness. You should consult your doctor to choose the right medications to relieve withdrawal symptoms.
3. Chronic throat diseases (laryngitis). Nicotine has an anesthetic effect, including on the throat cavity. Having quit smoking, a person begins to fully experience painful sensations that were partially neutralized by tobacco earlier. Laryngitis is one of the characteristic diseases of a smoker; in case of quitting smoking, it can be considered as residual harm, a kind of retribution for bad habit. Adequate treatment is necessary.

Otherwise, complications of the bronchopulmonary system are possible:

• bronchitis;
• pneumonia.

Malignant formations. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogenic substances. Smokers are more likely to develop cancer than non-smokers. A severe sore throat may be a sign of throat or larynx cancer. The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe adequate treatment, depending on the stage of the disease.

Why does phlegm appear in the throat from smoking an e-cigarette?

Many people experience coughing and phlegm in the throat after smoking an e-cigarette.

The reasons may be external and internal factors:

1. Cleansing the body. It occurs in those who have recently switched from regular cigarettes to vaping. Toxins come out, the throat cavity is restored, but the irritating factor in the form of hot steam is present and aggravates the situation. The recovery period extends for an indefinite period of time.
2. Smoking in a small indoors. Lack of oxygen and excess steam provoke coughing. Depending on the condition of the bronchopulmonary system, sputum may be released at the time of coughing.
3. Vape immediately after physical activity and when overworked. The mechanism is similar to smoking.
4. Allergic reaction. Occurs due to aromas, flavorings or other components contained in the vaping liquid. The solution to this problem depends on the allergen: in some cases, you can replace the liquid, in others you need to completely stop vaping.
5. Onset of the disease. The body reacts to the onset of the disease. Hot steam irritates the throat and bronchopulmonary system, intensifying symptoms and accelerating the development of the disease.
6. Chronic bronchitis. The disease is common to both smokers of regular cigarettes and vapers. The only way to get rid of a cough with phlegm is to stop smoking an electronic cigarette with any filler, at least temporarily.

If you have a cough with sputum lasting more than two to three weeks, you must undergo an examination by a specialist to find out the cause and select adequate treatment.

• general blood test;
• sputum analysis;
• chest x-ray;
• fluorographic examination;
• tomography;
• radiography;

Take the smoking test

Why does your tongue hurt after quitting smoking?

There are many reasons for tongue pain.

1. Mini injuries. Those who quit smoking are exposed to severe stress, nervous, and twitchy. The tongue can be easily injured or bitten when speaking or eating.
2. Mechanical injuries (may result from burns). The mechanism of occurrence is similar to mini-traumas. Pain may occur as a result of a burn.
3. Glossitis. Inflammation caused by infection, nicotine or alcohol. Characterized by swelling and redness of the tongue, problems with swallowing.

1. catarrhal - symptoms: redness, plaque, swelling, burning, lack of taste, excessive salivation;
2. ulcerative - ulcers and blood are added to the above symptoms;
3. purulent-phlegmous - accompanied by an increase in temperature and signs of poisoning.

Stomatitis. May develop when quitting smoking due to severe stress. Allergy. Pain in the tongue may be a symptom of an allergic reaction to one of the medications used to facilitate smoking cessation or to one of the components of the refills for an electronic cigarette used as a substitute for a regular cigarette during the period of cessation. Inflammation in the oral cavity. People who quit smoking have a weakened immune system , therefore they are more susceptible to viral diseases of the nasopharynx than non-smokers. Anemia. As a result of cleansing the body, useful elements. Pain in the tongue may be a sign of a lack of iron and vitamin B12 in the body. Neuralgic diseases. They can develop as a result of a sudden cessation of smoking in experienced smokers. Pain is caused by excessive stimulation of nerve endings. Glossalgia. It can develop in someone who quits smoking as a result of withdrawal syndrome - usually associated with nervous disorders, gastrointestinal problems, changes in the central nervous system and hormonal shifts. The pain may affect other areas of the oral cavity; no visible changes in the tongue are observed. Consequences of the previous lifestyle, when the person smoked too much. You should not expect that your tongue will stop hurting immediately after quitting smoking. The painful sensations will continue for some time. Oncology. Pain may be a sign of tongue cancer.

Useful video on the topic

How to get rid of a sore throat after quitting smoking

It is important to understand that before you begin treatment on your own, you should consult a specialist.

1. Drink as much fluid as possible. It will help create a protective barrier while the throat cavity is recovering. Currently, the throat cavity is the most vulnerable: the villi responsible for removing “garbage” are being restored. The liquid will help soften irritated mucous membranes and protect against possible microdamages.
2. Use cough drops. Special sweets will soften the mucous membrane and stop soreness.
3. Eliminate cold drinks and ice cream from your diet. Avoid additional throat irritants.
4. Avoid hypothermia. A sore throat signals the vulnerability of the throat cavity and a decrease in local immunity. Cold contributes to the accelerated development of diseases.
5. Eliminate the possibility of damage to the throat cavity as a result of mechanical impact. You will need to exclude from the diet:
   1. hard food;
   2. hot;
   3. cold.
6. Use medicinal syrups, tablets and sprays. Suitable means will select and prescribe an ENT specialist.
7. Do inhalations for the throat. Consult a specialist about possible contraindications.
8. After consulting with your doctor, try folk remedies - decoctions and infusions. Individual intolerance to the components should be taken into account.
9. Cleanse the body. Toxins and residual combustion products will come out faster - the process of restoring the throat cavity will go faster. Effectively cleans:
   1. walks;
   2. sport;
   3. daily routine;
   4. detoxifying products;
   5. bathhouse

What are the additional causes of sore throat?

Why does your throat hurt when you quit smoking?

1. Otitis. Painful sensations in the throat cavity, combined with elevated temperature, fatigue and lack of appetite, indicate inflammation of the middle ear.
2. Bacterial infections. The cause of sore throat in 50% of cases.

1. rapidly developing painful sensations in the throat;
2. a sharp deterioration in health;
3. elevated temperature.

Pharyngitis. Often accompanies diseases of the bronchorespiratory system and ARVI.

Added to the pain:

1. lump in throat;
2. raw sensations;
3. dry cough.

Angina. Inflammation of the glands and mucous membranes.

1. inflammation and enlargement of the tonsils;
2. the appearance of plaque;
3. symptoms of poisoning;
4. inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Viral infections. Accompanying ARVI.

1. deterioration of general health;
2. painful sensations in the throat appear gradually;
3. body aches;
4. overwork, fatigue.

Irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa. Allergies caused by external irritants.

1. painful and raw sensations in the throat cavity;
2. General health and well-being are normal.

Laryngitis. Occurs due to infectious irritation or overexertion.

What not to do if you start to have a sore throat after quitting smoking

If you experience pain in the throat after quitting smoking, it is strictly not recommended:

1. Start smoking again. Nicotine has a short-term local anesthetic effect on a sore throat, but worsens the general condition of the body and throat cavity. The body has partially cleared itself of toxins and combustion products, but recovery is not yet complete. You are at your most physically vulnerable right now. Smoking will have a severe impact on your well-being and overall health.
2. Take potent medicines without a doctor's recommendation. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics and potent drugs can lead to serious health problems, allergic reactions caused by individual intolerance to the components, and cause complications of current diseases.
3. Ignore the symptoms and do not see a doctor. Only a specialist can determine the exact cause of pain in the throat cavity.

By refusing medical help, you expose yourself to the risk of complications, such as:

1. bronchitis;
2. pneumonia;
3. anaphylactic shock;

Drink cold and eat ice cream. In the short term, the pain will intensify when cold foods and liquids come into contact with the mucous membrane of the throat cavity.

In the long term, there is a risk of additional complications, such as:

1. ARVI;
2. pharyngitis;
3. diseases of the bronchorespiratory system.

Supercool. Similar to consuming cold foods, but there is an additional factor: stress for the whole body. At the moment, the body is exposed to severe stress due to quitting smoking. All energy goes into cleansing and restoration. Additional stress is an additional burden and health risk with weakened general and local immunity. Consume foods that irritate the throat. The mucous membrane of the throat cavity is irritated. Regardless of the cause, you should not make the problem worse. The irritating factor will cause additional pain and slow down the process of mucosal restoration.

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The term “Smoker's tongue” (leukokeratosis nikotina glossi or nicotine leukokeratosis of the tongue) refers to homogeneous leukoplakia with hemispherical depressions, which affects the anterior 2/3 of the back of the tongue. This disease occurs only in smokers, more often in cigarette smokers, and usually accompanies Tappeiner's smoker's leukoplakia. Nicotine leukokeratosis of the tongue, like smokers' leukoplakia, usually occurs due to exposure to tar and high temperatures.

Leukoplakia.

Under the influence of nicotine, the smoker's tongue becomes characteristic features. First of all, the changes concern taste buds. Nicotine and high temperature lead to the death of sensory cells, which is why the smoker is unable to experience the full taste of food or drinks - this is the so-called dysgeusia.
Some papillae do not atrophy, but grow in the form of dark-colored threads. Which, however, does not increase taste sensitivity. This smoker's tongue is called a hairy or hairy tongue.
Swelling of the tongue due to vascular disorders leads to its enlargement - this is why in smokers in the morning you can see teeth marks on the lateral edges of the tongue. A yellow-gray coating on a smoker’s tongue is an accumulation of dead cells that are formed in excess in a smoker due to chronic chemical and temperature burns.
The protein components of plaque contribute to the appearance of an unpleasant odor, and the sluggish inflammation occurring underneath them over time provokes the development of glossitis - that is, inflammation of the tongue.
Glossitis in smokers almost immediately becomes erosive. At the site of erosion, leukoplakia is formed - that is, a focus of desquamated epithelium, which is a background condition for the development of tongue cancer.
Bright red from inflammation, the smoker's rigid tongue cannot fully perform its functions. Choking when eating, distortion of sounds - slurredness, protractedness - these are frequent companions of a smoker.
Scientists conducted a comparative study of taste sensitivity and the morphology of the taste buds of the tongue. Smokers had a noticeably reduced threshold for taste sensitivity, and the mushroom-shaped papillae of the tongue were deformed and less well supplied with blood. These features are the result of the action of nicotine and other harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke. The taste buds on a smoker's tongue are thinner and flatter than those of non-smokers. A study of languages ​​among 62 Greek soldiers, published in the journal BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders, shows how cigarettes damage the ability to taste. Pavlidis Pavlos, who led a team of researchers from the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki - Greece, used electrical stimulation to test the taste threshold of soldiers and studied the number, shape and quality of mushroom-shaped taste buds on the tongue. He says: “There was a statistically significant difference between the papillae of smokers and non-smokers. Differences were also identified regarding the shape and supply of vessels.” Applying electric current to the tongue, a metallic taste of varying intensity can be produced. Measuring how much current is required to give a person a taste sensation can help determine sensitivity. The 28 smokers in the group had worse results than the 34 non-smokers. During the examination, Pavlos determined that the mushroom-shaped papillae of their tongue were flatter and less well supplied with blood. Pavlos concludes: “Nicotine can cause both morphological and functional impairment of the papillae, at least in young adults.”

Department therapeutic dentistry Altai State Medical University
S. I. Tokmakova, Yu. V. Lunitsyna
Barnaul, 2013

We shorten our lives with our intemperance, our disorderliness, our ugly treatment of our own body.
I. P. Pavlov

Smoking is one of the most common causes of death that a person can prevent. Meanwhile, tobacco claims about 3 million human lives every year in the world.

Smoking contributes to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, etc... According to statistics, in Russia 42% of all deaths of men aged 35-69 years are associated with smoking . Not only smokers, but also non-smokers are exposed to the components of tobacco smoke. It is known that inhalation of air contaminated with tobacco smoke - “passive smoking” - contributes to the development in non-smokers of diseases characteristic of tobacco smokers.

We must not forget that smoking also affects the condition of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. When smoking, the impact on the human body of the constituent components of tobacco smoke can occur directly on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (ORM), nose and bronchi, which is characterized by a high degree of permeability, and indirectly, when these substances, after a series of transformations in the smoker’s body, enter the salivary fluid through the bloodstream. glands and are secreted with saliva into the oral cavity. The resulting changes in oral fluid, oral mucosa and minor salivary glands may be the first symptoms for diagnosing diseases caused by tobacco smoking. However, the issue of the condition of oral tissues in smokers and the damaging effects of tobacco smoke components on the homeostasis of the oral cavity still remains controversial and not fully understood.

So, the oral mucosa, due to its anatomical and topographical features, is the first to be exposed to smoking. Various components that make up tobacco smoke negatively affect its structure and functions.

The thermal factor is the first to have a destructive effect on the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. The temperature of smoldering tobacco is 300°C, and during puffing it reaches 900-1100°C. Passing through a layer of tobacco filling, the smoke from smoldering tobacco, although it has time to cool, is not enough to equal the temperature of the oral cavity. Usually the temperature of tobacco smoke is about 40-60°C. To introduce smoke from the mouth and nasopharynx into the lungs, the smoker automatically and imperceptibly, slightly opening his mouth, inhales a portion of air. In this case, the temperature of the air entering the mouth is usually 40°C lower than the temperature of the smoke. The capillaries expand, the mucous membrane becomes irritated.

According to numerous data, a burning cigarette is like a unique chemical factory, producing more than 4,000 different compounds, including more than 40 carcinogens and at least 12 substances that promote the development of cancer (cocarcinogens). Tobacco tar, being a concentrate of liquid (organic acids, essential oils, aniline, etc.) and solid (carbon particles, carcinogens, polonium) substances, settles on the walls of the airways, and accumulates in the alveoli. Some of the tobacco tar is released when coughing with sputum, and some penetrates into the tissues of the mucous membranes, giving them a dark color.

Tobacco smoking leads to worsening bad breath. Causes of halitosis: 1) tar, nicotine, tobacco combustion products remaining in the oral cavity have their own unpleasant odor; 2) when smoking, the amount of oxygen in the oral cavity decreases, which promotes the activity of anaerobes and protein catabolism; 3) smokers are characterized by changes in the mucous membrane: dryness and degeneration (increased desquamation of epithelial cells); 4) smoking contributes to the development of inflammatory diseases
periodontal disease and tartar deposition.

It should be noted that the influence of tobacco smoke on the oral mucosa leads to its changes, which remain unnoticeable for a long time, since the smoker does not experience any unpleasant sensations.

In young and elderly smokers, morphofunctional indicators change, which is manifested by a decrease in the indices of differentiation and keratinization of epithelial cells of the oral mucosa in non-keratinizing areas. This is due to the redistribution of stage VI and IV cells. As a result of prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke, the number of epithelial cells with mobile functional nuclei decreases.

General morphological characteristics changes in the oral mucosa in tobacco smokers are: focal hyperplasia of the integumentary epithelium, hyperkeratosis mainly in the form of orthokeratosis, acanthosis, progressive sclerosis of the submucosal layer and focal inflammatory infiltration.

When smoking, the nonspecific resistance of the oral mucosa worsens; the chemical components of smoke absorbed into the mucosa suppress the formation of lysozyme.

The effect of smoking on the salivary glands

In tobacco smokers, the rate of salivation is higher than in non-smokers, and the pH value is shifted towards alkalosis. With increasing smoking experience, the rate of salivation and pH levels increase. Immediately after smoking, there is a natural increase in the rate of salivation and pH values, and after 15-30 minutes. these indicators gradually decrease almost to the initial level. But at the same time, smokers showed signs of damage to the minor salivary glands, which were interpreted as characteristic of progressive chronic atrophic sialadenitis: a decrease in the number of actively functioning glands, a decrease in their rate of secretion, progressive atrophy of their acinar sections, intralobular, interlobular and periductal sclerosis, lipomatosis, ductal ectasia with the formation of microcysts, focal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration.

The effect of smoking on wound healing

Despite centuries of clinical experience and dozens of scientific research, only in 1977 L. Mosley and F. Finseth scientifically proved and substantiated the negative effect of smoking on the rate of wound healing. In 1978 The same authors, in an experimental animal model, showed that systemic use of nicotine significantly impairs the wound healing process.

Having retrospectively analyzed all cosmetic operations on the face performed in the clinic over 6 years, T. Rees and co-authors found 10.2% of complications, manifested in skin detachment of various degrees. Smoking patients made up 80% of this group. The authors found that smoking patients undergoing facial cosmetic surgery had a 12.46 times higher risk of skin graft failure than nonsmokers.

When performing facial lifting, skin detachment is observed in 5% of non-smoking patients, 8.3% of former smokers and 19.4% of smokers.

A direct relationship has been established between the number of cigarette packs smoked per day and the development of necrosis of skin grafts during reconstructive operations. In patients who smoked more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day, necrosis developed 3 times more often than in non-smokers, and in those who smoked 2 packs - 6 times more often.

Research by L.V. Ishchenko (1990) established the negative effect of tobacco smoking on the epithelization of wounds during operations on periodontal tissue.

The vasoconstrictor effect of cigarette smoke has long been known. Although this smoke contains more than 4,000 toxic components, it has been established that the main substance that has a vasoconstrictor effect and disrupts blood flow is nicotine. The true mechanism of this effect is unknown, but it may be due to nicotine-induced activation of vasopressin secretion. Smoking activates the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn also leads to constriction of peripheral blood vessels. In addition, catecholamines, the release of which increases with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, are cofactors in the formation of keylons - glycoproteins that inhibit epithelialization. Smoking reduces tissue oxygenation. It also increases carboxyhemoglobin, which further impairs tissue oxygenation, limiting the oxygen capacity of the blood.

From all that has been said, it follows that it is very useful to advise smoking patients to abstain from this habit before and after any surgical operations. However, the required duration of such abstinence period remains unclear. If possible, it is recommended to abstain from smoking for 1 day to 3 weeks before surgery and 5 days to 4 weeks after.

In addition, the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke components on the oral mucosa, manifested by precancerous diseases and cancer itself, has been proven.

The prevalence and structure of the pathology of the oral mucosa, the clinical picture and the nature of the course depend on the duration of smoking. In patients with 30 or more years of experience, these diseases are diagnosed 3 times more often than in tobacco smokers with up to 10 years of smoking experience.

Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is an area of ​​keratinization of the oral mucosa or red border of the lips , clearly demarcated, not rising above the surface of the mucosa, accompanied by inflammation, occurring, as a rule, in response to chronic exogenous irritation. Endogenous factors play a certain role in the pathogenesis of leukoplakia, but external (mechanical, thermal, chemical) irritating factors are more important, especially when they are combined. Of primary importance is the effect of hot tobacco smoke, which causes an increase in cell nuclei, cell size and early keratinization in the epithelium. When leukoplakia is localized on the red border of the lips great value its occurrence is attributed to chronic trauma from a mouthpiece, cigarette or cigarette (pressure), systematic burning of the lip when smoking a cigarette to the end, as well as unfavorable meteorological conditions, primarily insolation. Although leukoplakia does not develop only in smokers, smoking often plays a significant etiological role in the development of this pathology. Many publications are devoted to this problem. Studies show that from 72 to 99% of patients with leukoplakia abused tobacco.

It should be remembered that despite the fact that leukoplakia is considered a benign disease and usually regresses on its own as harmful agents are removed, 6-10% of patients experience malignant transformation of the lesions, i.e. Leukoplakia is considered a precancerous disease. If irritating factors are not eliminated, then flat leukoplakia can transform into verrucous or erosive forms.

Leukoplakia of Tappeiner smokers

With Tappeiner's leukoplakia, there is a simultaneous combined lesion of the oral mucosa and minor salivary glands, which is determined in 3.0% of cases and only in tobacco smokers with a smoking history of 20 years or more.

The disease occurs on the mucous membrane of the hard palate. In the literature you can find other names for this pathological process: nicotine leukokeratosis of the palate, nicotine stomatitis, smoker's palate. The mucous membrane of the hard palate and sometimes the adjacent part of the soft palate appears slightly keratinized, grayish-white, often folded. Against this background, red dots become clearly visible - the gaping mouths of the excretory ducts of the small salivary glands. With a pronounced process, these red dots are located on top of small hemispherical nodules. This disease is especially common in heavy smokers, as well as in people who smoke pipes or cigarettes. Despite the name of the disease, the main cause of the disease is exposure to tars and high temperature, not nicotine. Unlike other forms of leukoplakia, this disease resolves quickly, within about 2 weeks after stopping smoking.

Nicotine leukokeratosis of the tongue

Nicotine leukokeratosis of the tongue, also known as “smoker's tongue,” is a homogeneous leukoplakia with hemispherical depressions that affects the anterior 2/3 of the dorsum of the tongue. The disease occurs exclusively in smokers, more often in cigarette smokers, and, as a rule, accompanies Tappeiner's leukoplakia. Most likely, leukokeratosis of the tongue is also associated with exposure to resins and high temperatures.

Erythroplasia

Erythroplasia is a sharply defined, bright red lesion with an inconspicuous thickening at the base. The lesions have a smooth surface and slightly rise above the mucosa. With erythroplasia, histologically diagnosed: atrophy and thinning of the integumentary epithelium, acanthosis, sclerosis of the submucosal layer, plethora, multiple petechial hemorrhages and minimally expressed inflammatory infiltration. The combination of erythroplasia and leukoplakia leads to degeneration into cancer 4 times more often.

Submucosal fibrosis

Submucosal fibrosis - plaque on the gums, pale mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, tongue. Fibrosis is more often associated with chewing tobacco, which also predisposes to oral cancer.

Hairy tongue

Hairy tongue - elongation of filiform papillae on the back of the tongue, which turn dark brown or black during smoking. After smoking cessation, the disease reverses.

Cigarette consumption has been found to be a significant development factor AIDS in HIV-infected people. Because smoking is known to have immunosuppressive effects, HIV-infected smokers have a much greater risk of developing AIDS than HIV-positive nonsmokers. The period between infection and the development of AIDS is much shorter in smokers than in non-smokers.

Lip cancer

The main risk factors for lip cancer are exposure to sunlight and tobacco. Most studies have shown that smoking is indeed a risk factor. Some authors believe that only combined exposure to sun exposure and smoking carries a significant risk of lip cancer (relative risk 15.4). Other authors believe that sun exposure and smoking are independent risk factors for the appearance of dysplastic and malignant lesions on the lips.

It is clear that other factors are involved in the process of carcinogenesis, since a large number of people smoke, but lip cancer occurs relatively infrequently. However, the clear majority (approximately 80%) of lip cancer patients are regular smokers.

Cancer of the oral mucosa

Cancers of the oral mucosa are overwhelmingly associated with tobacco smoke. Excessive alcohol intake acts synergistically with tobacco smoke, which significantly increases the risk of cancer. Those who smoke more than 50 packs per year have a 77.5 times greater risk of developing oral cancer than non-smokers. Interestingly, among Mormons who do not drink alcohol or smoke, oral cancer is virtually unknown. Thus, all types of tobacco and ways of using it increase the risk of developing oral cancer.

The fact that smokers have a much worse prognosis for cancer is likely due to the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system of patients, including local immunity. Smokers have lower levels of IgG and IgA in their blood serum compared to non-smokers. Most researchers consider the main mechanism of cancer induction to be both the direct carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoke on the skin and mucous membranes, and systemic effects, since nicotine and other components of tobacco are found in various fluids and tissues of the body.

According to the Center for Medical Statistics, for the period 2005-2009. in Russia, the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the lip and oral cavity remains at high level(see Table 1). This may be due to the high percentage of smokers in our country, with an increase in the percentage of smokers among adolescents and the female population.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of diseases of the mucous membranes and salivary glands in tobacco smokers, their dependence on the duration of smoking, indicates a pronounced damaging effect of the constituent components of tobacco smoke on the organs and tissues of the oral cavity and lips. This indicates the need to develop new methods for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases in them, as well as the inclusion of dentists in the active fight against smoking as one of the risk factors for their development.