Ethical and unethical behavior as a set of actions and actions of people. What is immoral behavior

At all times, immoral behavior was condemned in society. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly recognize the difference and understand what it is. Morality is a collection of behavioral rules in society. Moreover, it is worth noting that its norms differ in different cultures and nationalities. So, what is the norm for your family and culture becomes an indicator of immorality in another country and, accordingly, vice versa.

Deviant behavior

Immoral behavior is a subgroup in the classification of deviant. Often these two concepts are confused and replace one with the other, which is naturally a mistake. To understand the meaning of "immoral", one should understand the concept and classification of deviant behavior.

Deviant behavior is a person's actions that do not correspond to the norm, that is, are non-standard.

Deviant behavior can be conditionally divided into two groups:

• Human actions that deviate from the norm due to mental disorders. This group includes people suffering from psychopathic illnesses. The so-called category of mentally abnormal. This group also includes people with mental disorders, but within the normal range.
• Human actions that deviate from accepted norms of morality and ethics, that is, immoral behavior. This type of deviant acts finds expression in crimes and misdemeanors. In most cases, individuals who are characterized by immoral acts are subject to administrative and criminal liability after they have been committed. With minor violations of moral standards, social and medical workers are forced to work with a person.

concept

Immoral behavior is a violation of moral principles by a person through actions. Morality is a kind of requirements for the people around you and yourself, which are considered correct during the interaction. However, it is worth noting that the concept of morality is rather vague. Since, for example, for one, foul language is considered the norm, and for another, it is outrageous and immoral.

An example of differences in different cultures is the concept of adultery here and in Japan. A married man who regularly cheats on his wife with different women causes us only negative emotions and resentment. In Japan, it's the other way around. The husband has the right to come home in a state of intoxication, in the company of geishas, ​​and the wife will not only not make a scandal, but also say thanks to the priestesses of love for accompanying, delivering the faithful to the family hearth. In Japan, the status of the head and breadwinner of the family is extremely high.

In Japan, they favor same-sex marriage, which cannot be seen in European countries. The reason for this is the cult of the samurai, who, on duty, are obliged to abandon family ties. Therefore, it is believed that they favored the development of homosexuality.

Forms of behavior contrary to morality

Immoral human behavior has the following main forms:

• Addiction.
• Substance abuse.
• Prostitution.
• Law violation.
• Alcoholism.
• Suicide.
• Use of foul language.
• Insults.

Immoral behavior: causes

The three main causes of immoral behavior are:

• Inequality on the social ladder. Mainly on the upbringing and behavior of the individual is influenced by income. The less a person earns money, the greater the likelihood of his degradation. Due to disappointment with the standard of his life, he tries to escape from reality with the help of alcohol or drugs. Poverty is a psychologically difficult test.
• The level of education. A person, due to ignorance, simply may not know about the rules of morality and ethics. In society, traditions, norms and rules must be passed on from generation to generation. From childhood, parents need to make it clear to the child what can be done and what is contrary to universal human values ​​and statutes.
• Environment. Undoubtedly, this reason is one of the fundamental ones. In many ways, the actions and thoughts of a person depend on what and who surrounds him daily. Biggest Influence have close people: family, friends, classmates, colleagues. If a person is often surrounded by individuals with immoral behavior, and apart from them he sees nothing, then for him this becomes the norm. In such cases, in order to eradicate immoral acts, sociologists work with groups of people, and not with one specific delinquent person.

Behavior and law

As mentioned earlier, it is not uncommon for immoral behavior to be prosecuted by law. The punishment that threatens a person for acts contrary to morality ranges from the imposition of a fine to a prison term.

There is the concept of "immoral behavior of the victim." That is, when the person against whom the crime was committed behaved inappropriately and provoked another individual to commit an offense. In this case, the anti-moral actions of the victim become a mitigating circumstance for the offender.

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By doing this, managers take risks and get the organization into trouble because they believe that their behavior (unethical) is in the interests of the organization or the individual. Cause

However, business ethics touches not only the problem of socially responsible behavior. She is focused on a wide range options for the behavior of managers and managed. Moreover, it focuses on both the goals and the means used to achieve them by both. For example, almost all Americans are likely to believe that it is unethical to bribe a foreign official to get a contract. In this case, the means are unethical. Imagine, however, that we are talking about a contract for the purchase of fur seals used for the production of clothing. Some people for whom the protection of wild animals stands on high place, may believe that the use of seal skins is unethical, even if they can be obtained without paying a bribe. Here, the goal is considered unethical, since such actions are considered as incorrect behavior. From this point of view, behavior is wrong not because it is against the law, but because it is contrary to personal values ​​and is an action that cannot be supported. As another illustration, many people find it unethical for companies to do business with South Africa because of the country's apartheid policies. The opinion of these people is the result of the actions of the South African government, which violate the value ideas of people about the attitude towards individuals in society.

In addition to senior leaders often exhibiting unethical corporate behavior, anyone in an organization can also act unethically. Consider the following situations. You are a purchasing agent and one of the vendors you do business with offers you a case of good wine. Do you accept it

According to research since the mid-70s. about 2/3 of the top 500 American companies behaved illegally in one form or another. Opinion polls have shown that, in the opinion of the general public, the commitment to ethical behavior in the United States is declining. According to one poll, 65% of Americans believe that the overall ethical level in the country has declined over the past decade°. Only 7% of Americans believe it has gone up. When asked about the most common unethical business practices, the head of one of the financial institutions said Bribes, forgery of documents, inaccurate financial statements, artificial price gouging, price collusion. Another study covering a 15-year period showed that business leaders have become more cynical than they were 15 years ago about the ethics of management behavior in general.

TRAINING IN ETHICAL BEHAVIOR. Another approach used by organizations to improve ethical conduct performance is through ethical behavior training for managers and employees. At the same time, employees are introduced to the ethics of business and increase their susceptibility to the ethical problems that may arise in front of them. Integrating ethics as a subject in university-level business courses is another form of teaching ethical behavior that helps students understand these issues better. According to a study by the Center for Business Ethics, corporations are far more concerned with ethics today than they were in the past, and they have taken concrete steps to incorporate ethics into their practices. At the same time, daily newspapers abound with examples of unethical and illegal behavior of employees of organizations of any type; however, we believe that organizations themselves do not lack opposite examples ethical actions of their employees. Continuing to implement various programs and the methods described above, and by ensuring that high-level leaders serve as role models for proper ethical behavior, organizations must be able to raise their ethical standards.

What do you think about the reasons for the recent trend of unethical behavior

The unethical behavior of individual auditors deserves censure and punishment, up to exclusion from the audit community, deprivation of the qualification certificate and license to conduct audit activities.

Unethical marketing, price fixing, bribery, false advertising, unsafe products are of increasing concern in society. Most likely, such concern is due to the fact that marketing activities are in the public eye. The impact and opportunities provided by the field of marketing management are such that marketing can still be the source of the largest number of business disruptions. Unethical marketing does not use any arguments about ethics in business. Such marketing is an unethical activity that ultimately leads to the bankruptcy of a company or individual entrepreneur. In addition, unethical marketing creates a negative image of the firm. It is the basis for deviant behavior and as a result leads to dysfunction of the organization. Bribery, for example, harms consumers and competitors who have nothing to do with it. A similar situation occurs when a dishonest seller can increase his commission by deceiving buyers. If these activities are not detected and penalized, they benefit the individuals who engage in them, and possibly their companies, at the expense of other individuals and economies.

It is important to take into account the results that ethical disregard or unethical behavior can lead to. In the long run, the company's shareholders are likely to punish the firm for unethical marketing by their actions, and consumers, for example, may turn to other companies. In the short term, it is also possible for a company to ignore ethical standards. And the more such disregard spreads, the sooner legitimate countermeasures can be found. It is likely that companies doing business in accordance with the cannibal principle of eat your own kind, instill in their employees the same attitude towards the company itself and towards each other. Therefore, adherence to ethical standards is the basis of a successful business.

Human rights. The principle of human rights is based on the premise that a person or group of people has a right to something or is entitled to be treated properly. A decision is considered unethical when it violates human rights. This principle prioritizes mutual respect, even if we disagree with someone or do not like someone. Such an ethical concept makes one appreciate the individual. A violation of human rights, and therefore unethical behavior, is the activity of a trade union that does not recognize the right of a group of female employees to apply for any job in accordance with their qualifications. Another example is a company engaged in thoughtless disposal of hazardous waste. The company may be guilty of ignoring the rights of others by using the environment for selfish purposes.

organizational relationships. Market participants need to be aware of how their behavior can affect the behavior of others organizationally. They must not use pressure or coercion that could lead to unethical behavior towards others, such as company employees, suppliers or customers. At the same time, they must

How are you getting on with this exercise? Perhaps this is the first time you have asked yourself the question about the motives and goals of your actions. In this step, I intend to give you a basic understanding of how you can develop flexible behavior. As a development professional, I find it unethical to forcefully change or manipulate people. Change happens only when people themselves want change.

Nevertheless, unethical behavior has its benefits, and its danger is that the spread of unethical behavior leads to a decrease in the so-called marginal morality, which is understood as the lowest level, the boundary of ethically acceptable and practiced behavior. When this marginal morality falls as a result of the increasing spread of unethical behaviors, there is pressure on the individual entrepreneur (subject), forcing him to adapt to the falling marginal morality in order to avoid worsening his competitive position.

In the third case, the individual understands that everyone will benefit from the general observance of the rules, but for himself he will consider best model unethical behaviour. The third case just serves as an illustration of the problem, which with the development of the market system of the economy becomes more and more acute - with the free rider problem mentioned above. The problem of the moral free rider is that individuals want to enjoy the benefits of a moral state without sharing in the cost of it, which consists in curbing unethical impulses. In other words, each individual is interested in everyone following the rules and in realizing the common good for the whole group, but each individual is tempted to make an exception for himself personally from these rules.

Groupthink occurs in organizations when groups give priority to their own, contrary to generally accepted norms, if this leads to benefits for their organization, this, in turn, encourages employees of the organization to commit or support unethical actions. Groupthink appears in organizations and groups that deliberately engage in unethical behavior when the group is cohesive, when its leader advocates unethical decisions or ideas, and when the group does not have internal controls to ensure ethical behavior. To a large extent, the desire of group members to achieve approval from its other members and the leader contributes to the adoption of unethical decisions. In such situations, the group takes unethical actions and rejects any opinion that does not coincide with the goals of the group and its leader. Another primary symptom of groupthink is the avoidance of having to defend one's position. This happens when the group leader receives social support from his advisors who agree with his opinion and participate in finding arguments that justify the most questionable decisions.

Ethics not only touches upon the problem of social responsibility, but should also be considered in a wide range of options - the behavior of managers and subordinates. Moreover, both the goals and the means used in management should be evaluated from an ethical standpoint. So, if a trading company, in pursuit of high profits, builds its strategy on selling expensive imported goods of dubious quality to the population, then it not only violates legal norms, but also relieves itself of social responsibility, demonstrating unethical corporate behavior. Within such a firm, among the leaders and

However, in the relationship between the seller and the buyer, moral and ethical standards are not always observed. Sometimes there is a possibility that the product is misrepresented. This is a fairly common case, especially in the field of retail, where the product is advertised as having a number of specific properties and because of this, as well as relative cheapness, is quickly sold. When his stock runs out, the seller seeks to convince the customer to buy a more expensive product. This type of unethical behavior has its own name - bait and hook. Once the customer has taken the bait, the seller goes to great lengths to convince the customer to buy another product, which is usually more expensive.

However, not every example of what is commonly believed to be unethical behavior in marketing is illegal. Marketers often have to make legitimate decisions that may not be ethical. There are matters to which the law has not yet reached, or for which, because of their complexity or because of the uncertainty of what is right in each particular case, the law cannot or will not prescribe anything. For example, price gouging is not generally illegal, but is often considered unethical in many countries, the law does not prohibit television advertising for children, and yet it too is often criticized for being immoral. These gray areas, where behavior may be legal but unethical, or where the law and ethics do not provide clear guidance, often present significant challenges for both scientists and practitioners.

Contact a manager at any level about any issue, including issues such as violation of the law or unethical behavior.

We will respect the professional reputation and practice of other management consultants. This does not remove the moral obligation to make public the unethical behavior of our colleagues and bring it to the attention of the authorities.

The auditing community as a whole and each auditor individually condemn the unethical behavior of individual auditors and demand their punishment up to and including exclusion from their environment, deprivation of their qualification certificate and license to conduct auditing activities.

The actions of managers or ordinary employees that violate the law should also be regarded as unethical. For example, E.F. Hutton found guilty of forging 2,000 postal and telegraphic items, i.e. in an act that definitely breaks the law. It's right. However, actions that do not violate the law may or may not be considered unethical, depending on a different value system. Let's imagine the situation with the withdrawal from sale of Tileno-la capsules by Johnson & Johnson. For the most part, people should consider this action ethical. Some must consider it unethical for Ford Motor Company to object to the removal of the Pinto or the redesign of the fuel system to eliminate the potential hazards associated with the gas tank.

Among the reasons for the expansion of unethical business practices, business leaders include 1) competition, which pushes ethical considerations to the sidelines 2) an increasing desire to indicate the level of profitability every 3 months, i.e. in quarterly reports 3) failure to adequately reward managers for ethical behavior 4) a general decline in the importance of ethics in American society, which gradually excuses unethical behavior in the workplace 5) pressure from the organization on ordinary employees to find a compromise between their own personal values and managerial values. The existence of this last reason is confirmed by the results of a study conducted more than 20 years ago, in which it was found that the behavior of their managers had the main influence on the adoption of unethical decisions by employees30. AT broad sense what the master does and how he behaves is the main factor influencing the behavior of the subordinate. Thus, by behaving ethically, you as a leader can significantly influence the ethics of the behavior of your subordinates.

The idea of ​​ethical behavior in business is also to protect the company from encroachment by unethical employees and competitors. High ethical standards also protect employees. If people work in a highly ethical firm, the attitude of the firm towards them from the standpoint of honesty and dignity will be compensated by the high ethical level of the employees themselves and the increase in labor productivity.

One might get the impression that Mandeville's paradox of private vices - public benefits makes ethics redundant, since, as already noted, unethical behavior leads to a socially useful result, leads to an increase in social wealth and well-being. In addition, there is an opinion that ethical behavior is not required of market participants also because it is assumed that the very pressure of competition will force them to economically correct actions that are identical to ethically correct actions. In other words, external competition sufficiently compels entrepreneurs to behave effectively and honestly inside and outside the enterprise, otherwise there would be a drain of workers to other employers and buyers to other sellers.

Thirdly, there is also such a type of ethical behavior as the refusal to obtain a competitive advantage and economic profit through the use of a morally dubious opportunity, unethical behavior or violation of the rules. In this case, the Cost to the entrepreneur represents a missed opportunity because he misses additional income, rejecting the unethical, i.e. contrary to duty and rules, behavior 2. Ethical behavior here consists in the rejection of public evils (for example, bribery) at the expense of private enrichment. There is also an economic incentive not to produce social evil; the enterprise is interested in ensuring that bribery does not become a common practice and that it itself does not become its victim3.

Unfortunately, each of us can rationally justify immoral behavior. We can convince ourselves that such actions are acceptable. The best way to prevent immoral acts - to recognize that this justification is based on vicious and self-serving logic. It is useful to be fully armed against four common rational ways to justify unethical behavior

The duration of the enforcement of a right in practice may depend to some extent on the nature of the material and the interpretation of the law in question. various countries. However, if plagiarism is not subject to the law, it may be considered unethical, and any serious precedent may be regarded as unprofessional behavior.

An organization can influence and distort the good intentions of an individual. O. Ferrell et al. (Ferrellet al, 1989), following research that predicts unethical behavior, suggest that decisions about what behavior is appropriate in any particular situation are influenced by the existing opportunities in the organization for an individual to behave ethically or unethically . These capabilities are a function of the organization's culture, professional

Unethical, and to put it more strictly, the immorality of their behavior is found in communication with subordinates, colleagues, contractors, administrative bodies, foreign partners, in the dominance of bribery and corruption.

AT business area widely used concept of image. The word itself means image, reflection, likeness, image. One of the definitions of an image is a halo created by the opinion of a social group or a person's own efforts. Image is closest to the concepts of reputation and good name. A person and a company can have a positive, positive, approved, and negative image. The image is associated with the perception of either we perceive the bearer of the image as our own, trustworthy, whose behavior we approve of, or not. The image of the company is a factor in customer confidence, growth in the number of sales, loans, and hence the prosperity or decline of the company, its owners and employees. At the same time, the image is a dynamic phenomenon, and, like the impression of a person, it can change under the influence of circumstances, new information, as a result of long-term communication. The company's image depends not only on its products, but also on its social responsibility, those forms of activity that society regards as positive, corresponding to pressing public interests and concerns. The image is created by long-term and focused efforts in the field of Publi Relations (systematically planned activities aimed at forming the desired public opinion), in the field of advertising, in the field of customer relations, ethics of conduct, building and maintaining a reputation. Image is a fragile phenomenon, it is enough for a client to buy once defective goods or come across unethical behavior of an employee of the company, as her reputation in the eyes of the client drops sharply, and he himself, and sometimes his friends, are lost to the company (once having lied - who will believe you). Therefore, the image of the company depends on each of its employees. If the employees of the company regard the attitude towards them as bad, then this dissatisfaction in one way or another affects their attitude towards customers, which undermines the efforts of the company to create a positive image.

Can—and should—shareholders, acting through their agents, attempt to expropriate some of the earnings from the firm's creditors. The answer to this question is usually no. in the event of such attempts, lenders will protect themselves by imposing restrictive clauses on future loan agreements. higher than normal interest as compensation for the risk of possible exploitation. Thus, a firm that plays a dishonest game with its creditors is either denied access to the capital market or faces high interest rates on loans and other restrictions, both of these prospects are fraught with damage for shareholders.

In order for an organization to act in an ethical manner, they must first be openly and unreservedly adhered to by chief executives 35. In companies that insist on high ethical standards, senior management implements them through codes of ethics, speeches and the consequences of unethical behavior, their own actions and measures to comply with ethics. top leaders constantly remind employees that it is their duty not only to abide by codes of ethics, but also to report violations. Although these companies have

To reveal the essence of the problem means to carry out its meaningful analysis and understand the system of main contradictions. Identification of the essence of problems requires knowledge of the functional and aggregate structure and values ​​of the parameters of the control object during its normal functioning. “When we formulate problems or discuss them, we always thereby form a certain program and plan of our actions.” We always evaluate and select problems, characterizing some of them as very important and significant, and others as unimportant. In this way we determine and predetermine our future actions.

One of the problems of journalism is the "yellow press" that spoils the reputation of the profession as a whole, but for all this it is one of the most widely read. Then thoughts involuntarily arise that it is not the press that is to blame, but the reader, who himself is ready to pay money for such information, “for each viewer there is an actor, but for the consumer there is a product.” "People have the right to know", but the form in which they find out also has great importance. The problem here is that if you simply state the facts, then the journalist is not visible, but if you embellish the events so much, then there may be nothing left of the fact, but only a distorted fantasy of the journalist. Indeed, the work of a journalist is an act of indirect communication with readers, radio listeners, and TV viewers. This is a communicative act.

Information is an intermediary between a journalist and the audience, it is a tool used by journalists of all ranks. The very essence of journalism lies in the search, collection, processing, interpretation and dissemination of information.

Some actions of journalists violate not only the Code of Professional Ethics, but also laws, so the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper published an article entitled “The secret diary of Mikhail Kozakov: I gave my wife Anya everything I earned! And she can't be trusted!" which included excerpts from personal diary artist (Appendix B). This publication violates the twenty-third article of the constitution Russian Federation- "one. Everyone has the right to privacy, personal and family secrets, protection of their honor and good name. 2. Everyone has the right to privacy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraphic and other communications. This right may be restricted only on the basis of judgment", also article twenty-four point one - "The collection, storage, use and dissemination of information about the private life of a person without his consent is not allowed." We conducted a survey (Appendix D, survey No. 1) in which we asked the question “how do you think it is possible to call the behavior of the journalist (s) who published excerpts from the diary of People's Artist of the RSFSR Mikhail Mikhailovich Kozakomva unethical?” 50% of respondents considered the behavior of journalists unethical and illegal, 28.57% considered it unethical, but not breaking the law, and 21.43% of respondents considered the behavior of journalists acceptable.

There are journalists who are happy to try on the role of the arbiter of human destiny, so the journalist Alexander Nikonov, in the “clinch” program of the Ekho Moskvy radio station, said that “- superfluous people must be killed.” An extra person, in his opinion, is one who cannot take care of himself on his own, cannot support himself. The word euthanasia is used to cover up - nevertheless, decency must be observed: murder is bad, and euthanasia is humane. Nikonov lives with the certainty that such things as love and pity do not exist. Rather, they were simply invented. It is impossible to rationally explain pity and love, which means that they do not deserve the right to exist, just like disabled children. Save the sick children of their mother. After all, they are driven by the maternal instinct, and this is unconscious, at the level of instincts, so to speak. So we need to help them realize that they are mistaken. From his point of view, then they will only say thank you.

We conducted a survey (Appendix D, survey No. 2) in which we asked the question “Do you think it is possible to call Alexander Nikonov’s statement “about the use of euthanasia for disabled children immediately after birth” ethical?” and 18.92% considered it ethical, 51.35% considered Nikonov's statement unethical, and 29.73% considered the behavior unethical, but taking place, since every person has the right to express his point of view.

Some journalists do not disdain even to bury living and healthy people in their articles. The news about the death of Jackie Chan became one of the most read on the Internet (Appendix D) On March 28, 2011, in in social networks and Internet news reported that the famous actor Jackie Chan had died. Fans began to express their condolences on Facebook, but it turned out that the actor was alive. The rumor about Jackie Chan's death from a heart attack was launched through the Twitter microblogging service 10 days before the actor's 57th birthday.

We conducted a survey (Appendix D, Survey #3) in which we asked the question, "Do you think it was ethical to spread unverified information about the death of Jackie Chan on the Internet?" most of the respondents 85.71% believe that it is not ethical, but there were people who had the opposite opinion, they turned out to be 14.29%. We were also interested in how the artist's fans think who could spread such rumors (Appendix D poll No. 4), according to the survey, it turned out that the majority of respondents 39.28% believe that this could be done by people who wanted to make money on the dissemination of this information or simply to draw attention to themselves, 25% of the respondents considered that these were the artist’s enemies and ill-wishers, and 17.86% each scored the following answers: This is just a thoughtless joke, this could have been done by the artist’s PR people to attract attention to him.

The conducted surveys helped us to find out the attitude of people to this type of information. Most of the respondents, relying on their moral principles, believe that in general, in these situations, journalists acted unethically in relation to the heroes of their articles. But if we imagine that all journalists would act as prescribed in the code of journalists, would this profession be so interesting then? And wouldn't a situation of information hunger arise then? It is wrong to break the boundaries of decency, it is well known, but in our world of double standards there can be no other kind of journalism.

Ethical behavior of employees

1. Careful attitude to company property.

2. Consensus of different interests.

3. Ethics of external business relations, including in work with government agencies.

4. Ethics in relations with consumers, partners and competitors.

5. Ethics of choice in delicate situations. For example, keep a secret out of patriotism towards the company or reveal the facts of violations.

Rules of international business etiquette

1. Rules of greeting, address, presentation.

2. Rules business contacts: meetings, receptions, negotiations, business correspondence, etc.

5. Ethical standards of material relations: rules for the exchange of gifts and souvenirs; problems with tips and other rewards, etc.

Compliance with the rules of international business etiquette is one of the most important conditions for the success of the company. Any deviations or liberties can damage the reputation of the company, which will certainly have a negative impact on its economic activity.

American business and management researcher Peter Kostenbaum published a book under the eloquent title: "The Heart of Business: Ethics, Power, Philosophy." He convincingly showed how non-economic factors can influence the economics of a firm. Kostenbaum brought out components of long-term success of the company:

1. Profit must be not only legal, but also honest, obtained by labor and talent.

2. Employees must be moral, patriotic in relation to the firm and respectful to each other.

3. Goods and services must be of high quality and offered at a realistic price.

4. The prestige of the company must be well-deserved, the reputation must be adequate, the image of top managers should correspond to their business and personal qualities.

Thus, the ethics of international business is not a tribute to fashion. It is not only a socially significant phenomenon, but also an indispensable condition for economic success.

In the international sense Social responsibility(CO) of the company is interpreted as a voluntary contribution of business to the development of society in the social, economic and environmental spheres, directly related to the main activity of the company and going beyond the minimum specified by law.

Thus, the scope of the company's SO includes the management of the company's activities in the field of:

ecology,

industrial safety and labor protection,

staff development,

external social activities,

· the relationship of the company with all groups of stakeholders (persons interested in the financial and other results of the company).

The social responsibility of the company is the level of voluntary response of the organization to social problems society.

In contrast to the common in the Central and Eastern Europe(especially in developing countries) misconceptions that company SR is a sponsorship, charity or social branding, leading international organizations define company SR as a strategic approach to business. That is, a company's SO is not an advertising, marketing or PR activity, it covers the entire company and determines how it conducts business, invests funds and builds relationships with partners.

What is social responsibility:

1. In relation to consumers. Consumers want reliable products and services, reasonable prices, good service. Meet the expectations of consumers - this is the social responsibility of corporations to consumers.

2. In relation to suppliers. All suppliers expect fair relations and, of course, timely payments from cooperation with their counterparties. This is many times more important for small suppliers whose financial position is such that they cannot tolerate delays in payments due to the lack of reserve funds for these enterprises.

3. towards shareholders. Shareholders enter into a special relationship with the corporation as "providers" of risk capital. They provide the capital necessary for the emergence of a corporation, its development and growth. The social responsibility of a corporation towards shareholders is to ensure its profitability in order to enable them to receive such an income that would make it attractive to further invest in its activities.

4. In relation to hired workers (staff). Employees expect more than just pay for their work. They are also concerned about such factors as equality of opportunity, protection of health in the workplace, financial security, non-interference in personal life, freedom of expression and ensuring an appropriate quality of life. Indeed, practice shows that those employees who receive fair remuneration, are involved in the decision-making process, and feel comfortable (both physically and psychologically) at work work better.

5. towards the local population. The corporation does not exist in "airless" space. It is surrounded by people for whom the location of the corporation is a haven of life, where they breathe the air, live, raise children, etc. Corporations use the infrastructure created by these people and thereby ensure high profits for themselves. That is why the local population expects corporations to be directly involved in solving their problems. This applies to education, organization of transport, conditions for recreation, the healthcare system, problem solving environment and etc.

6. In relation to society as a whole. The activities of corporations are the object of close attention from various government structures, political parties, funds mass media. Timely and full payment of taxes by them enables state structures to solve the social issues assigned to them. At the same time, the main responsibility of corporations is their concern as employers and job creators about their own economic viability and the quality of goods and services produced.

In other words, social responsibility involves the ethical conduct of business with all groups of corporate audiences.

In many multinational corporations such as Toyota, Siemens, General Mills and johnson & johnson, special guidelines have been drawn up that describe in detail how the company's employees should treat suppliers, customers, competitors and other participants in the business process. Other companies such as Philips, Nissan, Daewoo, Whirlpool and hewlett-packard, developed ethical codes(codes of ethics) - written declarations of values ​​and ethical standards that guide the company in its actions.

In multinational corporations, a decision must be made as to whether a single code should be drawn up for all divisions of the corporation dispersed throughout the world, or whether it would be more appropriate to develop a specific code for each division, taking into account local conditions. In the case of an acquisition of a company abroad, the corporation must also decide whether to impose a corporate code of ethics on this company or whether it is better to keep the ethical standards of behavior that the company followed in the past. To be effective, a code of ethics must be clearly articulated and free from ambiguous definitions. In addition, this code should regulate the main components of ethical conduct that are relevant to the business environment of the company and its commercial activities. The company should have a rule according to which decision makers on emerging problems must strictly follow the standards of conduct recorded in the code of ethics.

Summarizing the definitions of business social responsibility (BSR) of more than 50 international organizations, social responsibility as an approach to business has the following set of characteristics:

· SOB is a voluntary choice of the company, in the face of increasing competition and declining confidence in the business;

· SOB goes beyond legal obligations for businesses to pay taxes, create jobs and generate profits;

· SOB includes all members of the local community: business, media, authorities, non-governmental organizations, population, investors, etc.;

· PRS is not a way to solve society's problems at the expense of business, but a way to participate in the development of the environment in which business operates;

· SRS is an approach to sustainable development with a direct (usually long-term) impact on the company's financial performance.

With a competent approach, the company's SO contributes to its commercial success, favorably highlighting it in a competitive environment.

Emerging markets are characterized by the following areas of practical use CO:

Improvement of ecological processes – increased productivity and income, cost savings through the use of environmentally friendly and cleaning equipment.

Formation of the company's reputation - it's not a secret that today's business image is not the last factor that allows an enterprise to maintain its competitiveness. Among the abundance of homogeneous goods, when the consumer satisfies not only physiological needs through the product, but also emotional, aesthetic, spiritual needs, he (the consumer), among many factors in the process of making a purchase decision, pays attention to social policy enterprises. Those. It's about increasing customer loyalty and trust.

Reducing the cost of litigation.

Human resources – reduction of staff turnover, increase of employee interest. People do not want to work for companies that do not put social responsibility as a corporate policy priority.

Access to new markets – standardization according to international criteria (ISO, etc.).

Reducing pressure from inspection bodies. The publication of principles and policies regarding employees, the environment, and relations with suppliers gives an answer to government bodies, what is the company's approach to these issues. In fact, today the improvement of relations with the authorities remains the main benefit acquired by the company in the framework of social responsibility programs.

The above list is far from all the business opportunities of a CO company - there are many more.

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