PMS status. Premenstrual syndrome. How to relieve the condition

In women, this condition usually develops a few days before their period and is called “premenstrual syndrome.”

Unpleasant symptoms

This condition is familiar to most women. Many of them, several days (from one to 14) before the onset of menstruation, complain of:

• nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
• soreness and engorgement of the mammary glands;
• dizziness and nausea;
• swelling and constant thirst;
• poor appetite or, on the contrary, an irresistible desire to eat;
• feeling of palpitations, pain in the heart area;
• chills, fever.

In addition to physical discomfort, women may feel:

• irritability and aggression;
• tearfulness, bad mood;
• sharp increase or decreased sexuality;
• memory impairment;
• sleep disorders.

These manifestations disappear immediately after the onset of menstruation or in the first days after it.

Where does it come from?

It is believed that the condition is based on hormonal disorders, namely the excessive production of female sex hormones, which leads to disruption of the neuroendocrine regulation of various organs and systems of the body.

There is a point of view that nagging pain in the lower abdomen appears because the endometrial rejection has already begun in the uterus, which occurs during menstruation, and the cervix has not yet opened, which leads to the accumulation of blood and mucous fragments in the uterus, its overstretching and, accordingly, pain .

How to relieve PMS

PMS is a typical female ailment and, unfortunately, we cannot get rid of it, but we can alleviate it. To make it easier to overcome premenstrual irritation, a woman should monitor her health not only on the eve of her period.

1. Contact the specialists:

• visit a gynecologist and get tested to identify hormonal disorders;
• in case of severe emotional disturbances, consult a neurologist;
• Since diseases of other endocrine glands can worsen the condition, visit an endocrinologist.

2. Depending on the severity and duration of PMS manifestations, start taking medications prescribed by your doctor in advance (2-3 days in advance):

• if you have severe pain, antispasmodics will help you;
• good remedies aimed at normalizing vegetative activity nervous system;
• normalize the functioning of the central nervous system during PMS with the simplest sedatives - preparations of plant origin: motherwort, valerian, peppermint;
• the doctor may recommend that you take oral contraceptives, which eliminate discomfort on the eve of menstruation;
• in case of excessively heavy menstrual bleeding, a decoction of raspberry leaves (or adding them to brewed tea) has a good effect.

3. It is important to follow some nutritional principles a few days before the onset of menstruation:

• try to drink less strong tea and coffee;
• limit fluid intake (up to 1.5 liters per day);
• Add less salt to your food;
• limit the consumption of potassium-rich foods: raisins, dried apricots, potatoes;
• try to eat less fatty foods;
• exclude spices, hot seasonings, and alcohol from your diet;
• try to give up meat and dairy products.

4. At least a week before the onset of menstruation and during it, the diet should include large number calcium-rich foods. There is a lot of calcium in fresh green leafy vegetables: spinach, lettuce, cabbage, parsley. It is recommended to take multivitamins (especially those containing vitamins A, B and E). It is equally important to consume seafood, grains and nuts, which are rich in macro- and microelements.

5. To prevent PMS, proper rest and sleep are important.

6. It is important to fall asleep before 23.00, because it is at this time that hormones are produced and later falling asleep disrupts the processes of neuroendocrine regulation. It is better to sleep in a cool room. IN Get enough sleep and rest before and during your period.

7. Walk more, breathe clean air, but heavy physical labor should be limited.

8. Try to quit smoking.

9. Take a contrast shower in the morning and evening. Complete the procedure with cool water. A 15-minute bath with a water temperature of 38-39 °C with a decoction of peppermint, chamomile and horehound (1:1:1) will help reduce premenstrual tension. After this, rub lavender or lemon wormwood oil into your lower back.

10. Try to worry and be less nervous.

11. During PMS, as during all periods, you should not go to the bathhouse. High temperature can provoke severe pain, and menstruation will be delayed.

12. Good for strengthening the nervous system breathing exercises and relaxation. Relax, close your eyes, concentrate your attention and try to mentally drive away the illness.

Mood swings, outbursts of anger, tearfulness and irritability - the combination of these feelings clearly indicates premenstrual syndrome. Many representatives of the fair sex know what it is, but they are unable to control their condition. Some girls and women feel a noticeable deterioration in their health, and pain before menstruation is a very real reason to see a doctor.

Complex mechanism

Menstruation in women is directly related to procreation. The first day is considered the beginning of the cycle, and each stage is aimed at preparing for conception.

During the menstrual phase, the lining of the uterus is shed, which is accompanied by bleeding. The first appearance of menstruation occurs on average at 12-14 years of age. Over time, the cycle is established, and its duration ranges from 21 to 35 days.

The absence of menstruation can signal pregnancy or serious illness. Besides, women's health deserves special attention for various disorders, such as dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) or increased bleeding.

If we add to these problems the manifestations of premenstrual syndrome, then some girls and women will definitely not be envied.

Story

PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is a complex set of symptoms that manifests itself in women on average 1-10 days before menstruation. People have been studying this condition since ancient times. In ancient Rome, for example, doctors associated ailments before menstruation with the place of residence and even with the phases of the moon.

According to official data, Russian scientists Dmitry Ott and Alexander Reprev conducted the first scientific research concerning physiological parameters and the cyclicity of their fluctuations. Then Robert Frank coined the term “premenstrual tension” in his article in 1931, and ten years later psychosexual disorders during PMS were described by Lewis Gray.

Research and scientific evidence have allowed the World Health Organization to include premenstrual syndrome in its classification of diseases. What it is, diagnostic methods, reasons for its appearance, recommendations for alleviating the condition - read about all this in our review.

Reasons

Today there is no consensus regarding the occurrence of PMS, but experts still managed to formulate a number of reasons:

Hereditary predisposition;

Violation of water-salt metabolism;

Hormonal imbalances;

Thyroid diseases;

Lack of vitamins (magnesium, zinc, calcium, vitamin B6).

Risk factors for the development of PMS include the presence of depression and stress, living in major cities, late reproductive age, insufficient physical activity and nutritional imbalance.

Some studies show that being overweight and smoking influence the likelihood of developing premenstrual syndrome.

Symptoms

Exists huge amount jokes and humorous stories about premenstrual syndrome in women. However, the impressive list of symptoms leaves little reason for cheer.

Modern medicine identifies the following forms of PMS:

1. Neuropsychic. This form is characterized by symptoms such as heightened perception of noise, increased fatigue, weakness, sleep disturbances, absent-mindedness, headaches, difficulty speaking and even fainting. Aggression and irritability often lead to conflicts in the family and at work, as well as to making rash decisions.
2. Edema. Gaining a few kilograms of weight does not improve your mood at all; swelling of the legs and arms appears. Sometimes girls and women experience joint pain and cramps. the whole body seems filled with fluid.
3. Cephalgic. There are throbbing headaches that are accompanied by nausea or vomiting. However, blood pressure remains unchanged. In addition, a third of patients experience pain in the heart, numbness of the hands, increased sweating and depression.
4. Krizovaya. the beginning of which is an increase in blood pressure. Then there is a rapid heartbeat and fear of death. Such attacks most often occur in the evening and at night, and the situation is aggravated by various stresses, fatigue or infectious diseases.

Experts also identify an atypical form of PMS, the symptoms of which include allergic reactions, skin rashes, nagging pain in the lower back and lower abdomen, nosebleeds, and elevated body temperature.

Stages of PMS

In medicine, PMS is divided into three stages:

Compensated (symptoms disappear with the onset of menstruation, the disease does not develop with age);

Subcompensated (symptoms cease to bother you with the end of menstruation, the clinical picture of premenstrual syndrome worsens over the years);

Decompensated (symptoms appear several days after the end of menstruation).

As you may have already noticed, PMS in some cases is not at all like a mild illness. In severe form, this disease can seriously affect your ability to work and your well-being. Of course, there is no need to panic due to increased fatigue or muscle pain. However, if you notice more than six symptoms, be sure to make an appointment with a doctor who, with the help of tests, can diagnose “premenstrual syndrome.”

Diagnostics

It is very important to distinguish real symptoms from the inability to control your emotions and manifestations of bad manners or bad character. Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by cyclicity. In other words, the same symptoms should bother a woman with a certain frequency.

Premenstrual tension syndrome is often confused with other diseases, so consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis. During the diagnosis, a blood test is required (in different phases menstrual cycle). The level of hormones (progesterone, estradiol and prolactin) allows us to draw conclusions about the form of PMS.

Depending on the results of the analysis and the patient’s complaints, the attending physician may refer her to other specialists (psychiatrist, endocrinologist, therapist and neurologist) or prescribe additional tests (MRI, mammography, EEG, blood pressure monitoring and others).

How to relieve premenstrual syndrome?

Millions of women ask this question, fully aware that living in poor health and mood for even a week is simply unbearable. The most accessible measure is to review your diet.

It is believed that eating complex carbohydrates (cereals and vegetables) makes it easier to cope with the condition before menstruation. Some experts also talk about limiting the consumption of sweets and sugar, but in terms of relieving PMS symptoms this measure has not been fully studied.

It is advisable to control salt intake, because the body already has a tendency to edema associated with fluid retention. Salty foods only make the situation worse.

And finally, coffee. Studies have shown that women with severe PMS drink much more coffee. Today there is no clear opinion about whether the invigorating drink and premenstrual syndrome are related. What it is and the reasons for its occurrence are already known to us, but whether coffee helps or worsens the situation should probably be decided on an individual basis.

Lifestyle

Pain before your period can make serious adjustments to your plans. However, experts advise not to give up lungs physical activity. Swimming, walking, yoga or dancing can help reduce symptoms and definitely improve your mood.

If your breasts hurt before your period, then supportive underwear will help you cope with discomfort and increased sensitivity.

Of course, you should not expect an immediate disappearance of PMS symptoms, but you can draw the first conclusions after 3-4 months. In most cases, these recommendations eliminate the need for drug treatment.

As alternative methods combating premenstrual syndrome may be recommended various types massage, physiotherapy, reflexology and balneotherapy.

Many experts who study women's health consider acupressure to be the most effective. Stimulation biologically active points increases vitality and enhances the body's ability to self-regulate.

Drug treatment

Pharmacotherapy is the main method, but a complete cure will definitely not help. It is believed that PMS is a chronic disease, and some drugs only improve the quality of life by relieving symptoms.

Please note that everything medicines prescribed by a doctor, and no life stories or advice from “friends in misfortune” can replace consultation with a specialist. Our review is for informational purposes only, and if you think that one of the drugs could help you, be sure to discuss this issue with your doctor.

Depending on the form of PMS, the following groups are distinguished:

1. Combined oral contraceptives.
2. Drugs to treat symptoms.
3. Hormonal drugs.
4. Diuretics.
5. Antidepressants.
6. Antiprostaglandin drugs.

Vitamins and minerals

Patients with a mild form of premenstrual syndrome are primarily prescribed non-hormonal medications - homeopathy, vitamins and minerals. Efficiency and minimal side effects are the main advantages of such products. In addition, non-hormonal drugs are not perceived “as medicine.”

According to research, calcium carbonate helps reduce swelling and bloating. Calcium carbonate affects fluid retention and increased appetite, and B vitamins can cope with the psycho-emotional manifestations of the disease.

Diuretics

These are diuretics, the use of which is justified for the edematous form of PMS. Veroshpiron is considered one of the most effective and safest). The drug increases the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions, water, and reduces the titratable acidity of urine. Has a hypotensive effect.

The initial daily dose is 25 mg (maximum 100 mg). Experts consider it advisable to take diuretics during the period of expected fluid retention, that is, from the 16th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle.

Among side effects observed: hypotension, drowsiness, decreased libido and

COOK

The use of combined oral contraceptives is the most common tactic in the treatment of premenstrual syndromes. Today, attending physicians prefer COCs containing drospirenone. This substance is an analogue of natural progesterone.

The composition of one of the most known drugs called "Yarina" is a combination of the gestagen drospirenone (3 mg) and ethinyl estradiol (30 mcg). Patients taking this COC experienced a slight decrease in body weight and no fluid retention in the body. In addition, drospirenone affects the secretion of the sebaceous glands, which reduces the number of skin rashes before menstruation.

Contraceptives containing drospirenone have minimum quantity side effects. However, despite the effectiveness of the drug, PMS symptoms (swelling, breast tenderness, headaches and bloating) may return after a seven-day break. For this reason, it is advisable to introduce an extended regimen of COCs.

Antidepressants

To eliminate psychological symptoms The attending physician most often prescribes antidepressants (Sertraline, Fluoxetine), the effectiveness of which has been proven by many clinical studies.

In the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, in contrast to the treatment of depression, these drugs are prescribed in shorter courses and in lower doses. There are two treatment regimens:

Taking medication when a symptom occurs;

Taking medication in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

For many representatives of the fair sex, taking antidepressants is effective way, which allows you to eliminate symptoms almost completely.

However, in some cases achieved result is not enough, so the doctor may decide to increase the dose or prescribe a different drug.

Taking antidepressants should be accompanied by keeping a diary and detailed notes about how you feel. Despite the fact that improvement may occur within two days after the start of the course, a competent specialist will draw conclusions about the effectiveness only after observing 2-4 menstrual cycles.

In rare cases, stopping antidepressants may cause nausea, dizziness, and irritability. Fortunately, these symptoms go away quite quickly.

Traditional medicine

Antidepressants, hormonal drugs and oral contraceptives have many side effects, so first of all, the fair sex remembers traditional methods.

So, what herbs will help us overcome PMS:

1. Melissa. Prepare a healing infusion at the rate of 2 tbsp. l. dry plant per glass of boiling water. This drink eliminates irritability, calms and relieves painful sensations. A mixture of lemon balm, chamomile, jasmine, mint and valerian will help improve the result.
2. Calendula, plantain leaves, calamus root and arnica flowers. Gauze strips are moistened with the infusion and applied to the body to reduce swelling.
3. Yarrow and jasmine. For lower back and abdominal pain, pour boiling water over yarrow (40 g) and jasmine flowers (30 g). You need to drink three cups of infusion a day.

Myth or reality?

So, we are talking about such an ailment as premenstrual syndrome. Many girls and women know very well what it is, but only 3-6% of the fairer sex are diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This disease leaves a serious imprint, limits communication with people and social life, and also increases the number of days of disability. In patients with mental illnesses, their exacerbation is observed.

Interestingly, some scientists generally question the presence of pathologies such as PMDD and premenstrual syndrome. The causes of the latter have not been proven at all, and most studies rely only on reports of well-being. Agree, such a point of view has a right to exist. Moreover, Western girls and women often almost consciously expect the appearance of PMS, as if they are programming themselves to feel its certain symptoms.

– a cyclically recurring symptom complex observed in the second half of the menstrual cycle (3-12 days before menstruation). It has an individual course and can be characterized by headache, severe irritability or depression, tearfulness, nausea, vomiting, skin itching, swelling, pain in the abdomen and in the heart area, palpitations, etc. Swelling, skin rashes, flatulence, painful engorgement of the mammary glands. In severe cases, neurosis may develop.

General information

Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, are called vegetative-vascular, neuropsychic and metabolic-endocrine disorders that occur during the menstrual cycle (usually in the second phase). Synonyms for this condition found in the literature are the concepts of “premenstrual illness”, “premenstrual tension syndrome”, “cyclic illness”. Every second woman over the age of 30 is familiar with premenstrual syndrome firsthand; in women under 30, this condition occurs somewhat less frequently - in 20% of cases. In addition, manifestations of premenstrual syndrome are usually associated with emotionally unstable, thin, asthenic women who are more often engaged in intellectual activities.

Causes of premenstrual syndrome

The course of the crisis form of premenstrual syndrome is manifested by sympatho-adrenal crises, characterized by attacks of rising blood pressure, tachycardia, heart pain without abnormalities on the ECG, and panic. The end of a crisis is usually accompanied by copious urination. Often attacks are provoked by stress and overwork. The crisis form of premenstrual syndrome can develop from untreated cephalgic, neuropsychic or edematous forms and usually manifests itself after 40 years. The background for the crisis form of premenstrual syndrome is diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and digestive tract.

Cyclic manifestations of atypical forms of premenstrual syndrome include: increased body temperature (in the second phase of the cycle up to 37.5 ° C), hypersomnia (drowsiness), ophthalmoplegic migraine (headaches with oculomotor disorders), allergic reactions (ulcerative stomatitis and ulcerative gingivitis, asthmatic syndrome, uncontrollable vomiting, iridocyclitis, Quincke's edema, etc.).

When determining the severity of premenstrual syndrome, they proceed from the number of symptomatic manifestations, distinguishing between mild and severe forms of premenstrual syndrome. Light form premenstrual syndrome is manifested by 3-4 characteristic symptoms that appear 2-10 days before the onset of menstruation, or by the presence of 1-2 significantly pronounced symptoms. In severe forms of premenstrual syndrome, the number of symptoms increases to 5-12, they appear 3-14 days before the onset of menstruation. Moreover, all of them or several symptoms are significantly expressed.

In addition, an indicator of a severe form of premenstrual syndrome is always a disability, regardless of the severity and number of other manifestations. Decreased ability to work is usually observed in the neuropsychic form of premenstrual syndrome.

It is customary to distinguish three stages in the development of premenstrual syndrome:

1. compensation stage - symptoms appear in the second phase of the menstrual cycle and disappear with the onset of menstruation; the course of premenstrual syndrome does not progress over the years
2. stage of subcompensation - the number of symptoms increases, their severity worsens, manifestations of PMS accompany the entire menstruation; Premenstrual syndrome becomes more severe with age
3. stage of decompensation - early onset and late cessation of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome with minor “light” intervals, severe PMS.

Diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome

The main diagnostic criterion for premenstrual syndrome is cyclicality, the periodic nature of complaints that arise on the eve of menstruation and their disappearance after menstruation.

The diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome can be made based on the following signs:

• State of aggression or depression.
• Emotional imbalance: mood swings, tearfulness, irritability, conflict.
• Bad mood, feeling of melancholy and hopelessness.
• State of anxiety and fear.
• Decreased emotional tone and interest in current events.
• Increased fatigue and weakness.
• Decreased attention, memory impairment.
• Changes in appetite and taste preferences, signs of bulimia, weight gain.
• Insomnia or drowsiness.
• Painful tension in the mammary glands, swelling
• Headaches, muscle or joint pain.
• Worsening of the course of chronic extragenital pathology.

The manifestation of five of the above signs with the obligatory presence of at least one of the first four allows us to speak with confidence about premenstrual syndrome. An important part of the diagnosis is the patient’s keeping a self-observation diary, in which she should note all disturbances in her well-being over the course of 2-3 cycles.

A study of hormones (estradiol, progesterone and prolactin) in the blood allows us to determine the form of premenstrual syndrome. It is known that the edematous form is accompanied by a decrease in progesterone levels in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Cephalgic, neuropsychic and crisis forms of premenstrual syndrome are characterized by an increase in the level of prolactin in the blood. The prescription of additional diagnostic methods is dictated by the form of premenstrual syndrome and leading complaints.

Severe manifestation of cerebral symptoms (headaches, fainting, dizziness) is an indication for an MRI or CT scan of the brain to exclude focal lesions. EEG results are indicative for neuropsychic, edematous, cephalgic and crisis forms of the premenstrual cycle. In the diagnosis of the edematous form of premenstrual syndrome big role plays a role in measuring daily diuresis, recording the amount of fluid drunk, and conducting tests to study the excretory function of the kidneys (for example, Zimnitsky’s test, Rehberg’s test). In case of painful engorgement of the mammary glands, an ultrasound of the mammary glands or mammography is necessary to exclude organic pathology.

An examination of women suffering from one or another form of premenstrual syndrome is carried out with the participation of doctors of various specialties: neurologist, therapist, cardiologist, endocrinologist, psychiatrist, etc. Prescribed symptomatic treatment, as a rule, leads to an improvement in well-being in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

Treatment of premenstrual syndrome

In the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, drug and non-drug methods are used. Non-drug therapy includes psychotherapeutic treatment, adherence to work and proper rest, physical therapy, and physiotherapy. An important point is to maintain a balanced diet with sufficient amounts of plant and animal protein, plant fiber, and vitamins. In the second half of the menstrual cycle, you should limit the consumption of carbohydrates, animal fats, sugar, salt, caffeine, chocolate, and alcoholic beverages.

Drug treatment is prescribed by a medical specialist, taking into account the leading manifestations of premenstrual syndrome. Since neuropsychic manifestations are expressed in all forms of premenstrual syndrome, almost all patients are advised to take sedative (sedative) drugs several days before the expected onset of symptoms. Symptomatic treatment of premenstrual syndrome involves the use of painkillers, diuretics, and antiallergic drugs.

Leading place in drug treatment Premenstrual syndrome is treated with specific hormonal therapy with progesterone analogues. It should be remembered that the treatment of premenstrual syndrome is a long process, sometimes continuing throughout the entire reproductive period, requiring internal discipline from the woman and strict compliance with all doctor’s instructions.

PREMENSTRUAL TENSION- manifests itself with various kinds of subjective, less often objective signs and is a pathological symptom complex manifested in neuropsychic, vegetative-vascular and metabolic-endocrine disorders, expressed in most women 7-15 days before the onset of menstruation.

Etiology.

• various provoking factors,
• neuropsychic stress,
• infectious diseases,
• inflammatory processes V pelvis,
• lack of physical activity,
• childbirth, abortion,
• overwork, etc.

Pathogenesis.

There are several theories about the development of premenstrual syndrome.

1. Hormonal theory.
The basis is a violation of the ratio in the body estrogens and gestagens. The excretion of estrogens in daily urine increases, and less commonly, of pregnanediol (a product of the metabolism of progesterone and estrogens), and the content of gestagens (progesterone) decreases with a relative lack of function of the corpus luteum.
An increase in estrogen content and a decrease in gestagens causes sodium retention, hence the amount of intercellular fluid increases, which leads to edema. In the last phase of the menstrual cycle, when the secretion of gestagens increases, tension processes subside and low-grade fever develops. A number of women experience hypoglycemia.
Also, the cause of PMS may be an increase in the amount prolactin. Hyperprolactinemia can cause headaches and swelling of the mammary glands.

2. Violation of water-salt metabolism. Theory of hyperadrenocortical activity and increased aldosterone.
According to this theory, fluid retention in PMS patients is caused by neuroendocrine disorders, for example, changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in sodium and water retention by the kidneys. .

According to this theory, under the influence of any external factors (stress, infection), the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland increases, and the secretion of aldosterone increases. Due to increased secretion of estrogen, the level of renin in the blood plasma increases, through an increase in angiotensinogen by the liver, which leads to excess aldosterone. With aldosteronism, sodium is reabsorbed into the renal tubules with potassium loss and fluid accumulation. Since progesterone is an aldosterone antagonist, its deficiency can lead to the development of secondary hyperaldosteronism.

3. Theory Functional disorders of the central nervous system. It should be noted that mental mood and conditioned reflexes also play an important role.

4. Allergic theory.
According to this theory, these manifestations are attributed to Smith menotoxin, which is formed in the premenstrual period - an allergy to sex hormones, functional liver failure, in which the inactivation of estrogens slows down. Hypersensitivity of tissues to normal amounts of estrogens and endogenous progesterone is also possible.
In cases where vaginal smear cytology does not indicate hyperestrogenism, an allergic reaction to estrogen should be considered. To determine an allergy to estrogen, 0.2 mg of estrogen dissolved in 0.1 ml of saline is injected intradermally. The test is considered positive if after 30-40 minutes. a blister forms. For control, a test with NaCl saline solution is given.

Clinical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

There are several main clinical forms of PMS:

• Psychovegetative form of PMS -- depressed mood, irritability, decreased ability to work, depression, tearfulness, sleep disturbance, blurred vision, absent-mindedness, weakness, increased fatigue, mood swings, depression, decreased libido (sexual desire), increased sensitivity to sounds and smells, flatulence, constipation, lower back pain.
  In others, on the contrary, mental activity increases excessively, sexual desire intensifies, in some cases reaching nymphomania.
• Edema form of PMS -- swelling and pain in the mammary glands, swelling of the face and body, fingers, skin rash, muscle pain, bloating, weakness, sweating.
• Cephalgic form of PMS -- headaches, irritability, dizziness, fainting, nausea, vomiting. Headaches can be paroxysmal in nature, accompanied by redness or swelling of the face.
• Crisis form - increased blood pressure, attacks of rapid heartbeat, feelings of compression behind the sternum, and the appearance of fear of death. Panic attacks occur in the evening or at night. The crisis form of PMS is typical for premenopausal women (over 45 years old). The vast majority of patients with the crisis form of premenstrual syndrome have kidney disease, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.
• Mixed form -- a combination of several forms of PMS. The most common combination of psychovegetative and edematous forms.

With premenstrual tension, chronic diseases (cholecystitis, colitis, bronchial asthma, joint pain), a tendency to infections, and sometimes epileptiform seizures occur.

Objective data relatively poor: swelling of the mammary glands, slight pastiness, swelling of the face and body, often nutritional glucosuria (functional pancreatic insufficiency).

TREATMENT OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME.

The treatment regimen is selected individually, depending on the cause, form and degree of development of PMS.

• Drugs Gestagenov- Pregnin, Progesterone (Utrozhestan, Duphaston) in the second phase of the cycle,
• Combined contraceptive drugs - combined oral contraceptives (COCs)-- Infekundin, Janine, Yarina;
• For hyperprolactinemia it is prescribed Dopamine agonists– Parlodel;
• Diuretics. Must be prescribed in conjunction with hormonal drugs;
• Drugs Potassium, B vitamins;
• Antihistamines drugs are used for allergic reactions - skin itching, rash (Tavegil, Suprastin);
• Homeopathic drugs --- Mastodinon and Remens. These are herbal non-hormonal preparations;
• Sedatives, as a sedative - sleeping pills.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. (NVPS) --- Diclofenac, Nimesulide, Indomethacin, according to the diagram. One of the drugs is prescribed 2-3 days before the cycle and in the first days of the cycle. The use of these drugs in the form of rectal suppositories is very effective.

When does PMS begin? This question can often be heard from women. PMS stands for premenstrual syndrome - it is emotional and physiological instability female body which provokes conflict with oneself and others. To prevent this condition? Every woman needs to know the main rules of behavior and the characteristics of her body before the approach of menstruation.

What is it

The abbreviation PMS entered the lexicon of medical terms of gynecologists not so long ago. This syndrome is characterized by changes in psychological state and the physiological work of the body of girls and women before the onset of their next period.

• displays of behavior uncharacteristic for a woman;
• tendency to start a conflict out of nowhere;
• headache;
• causeless tantrums;
• tearfulness;
• fatigue, etc.

According to statistics, about 90% of all women in the world are susceptible to developing PMS of varying strength. There are almost 150 different symptoms of this condition.

Symptoms

Premenstrual syndrome appears a large number. In some they manifest themselves particularly strongly, in others less intensely. Symptoms may not stop for several days, generally dragging on for even 10 days. They are classified into physiological and psychological.

Psychological ones include:

• depressive states;
• feeling depressed;
• stress;
• nervousness;
• unreasonable aggression and irritability over trifles;
• frequent mood changes.

Psychological signs are usually very pronounced and begin to gradually develop in the second half of the cycle. As a rule, the strength of such symptoms corresponds to the functioning of the nervous system and hormones.

Physiological ones include:

• nausea with vomiting;
• changes in blood pressure;
• aching heart pain or tingling;
• swelling;
• breast enlargement;
• the temperature rises - this happens very rarely;
• weight gain.

Physiological symptoms directly depend on a woman’s hormonal balance and her lifestyle.

Reasons

In the 30s of the 20th century, gynecologist Robert Frank first defined the disease, which manifests itself with varying strength in all women before the onset of menstruation. He called it “premenstrual tension.”

At the same time main reason The doctor considered the imbalance of hormones in the body before menstruation to be unwell. Medical scientists are still trying to clarify the reasons for such changes in the body. Indeed, during this period, balanced women become truly hysterical, conflictual and emotional individuals.

Several theories of the development of PMS have been identified, but all of them cannot fully describe the causes of health problems before the onset of menstruation:

Hormonal imbalance

On specific days of the cycle - usually in the last 2 weeks - women experience a disruption in the balance of hormones between estrogen and progesterone. This causes psycho-emotional disorders, deviations in the functioning of the vegetative-vascular system, and problems with metabolic and endocrine processes.

An increase in the concentration of the hormone estrogen provokes a retention of sodium and water in the cells - in connection with this, swelling appears, abnormalities in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, as well as excretory organs, and a stomach ache.

Nervousness, tearfulness and fatigue are triggered precisely by hormonal imbalances.

Water intoxication

In accordance with this theory, the development of physiological and psychological abnormalities is associated with disturbances in water-salt balance. Delayed fluid excretion, swelling, acute perception of certain odors, itching of the skin are the consequences of neuroendocrine disorders.

The accumulation of water in the body before menstruation often causes weight gain. excess weight. A woman’s weight usually increases by 3–5 kg, but from the day her period begins, these kilograms go away on their own.

Disorders of the central nervous system

This theory of the causes of PMS is considered the most relevant. It turns out that a disruption in the emotional and physical state is triggered by functional disorders of the central nervous system.

The older a woman is, the more pronounced the symptoms of PMS appear, and the tendency to depression increases. Young girls become aggressive and irritable, and they are characterized by frequent changes in mood and behavior.

Scientists have carefully studied the risk factors associated with PMS. The most common of them that affect the intensity of PMS manifestations include:

• Caucasian race;
• mental work and living in big cities;
• frequent pregnancies;
• absence of pregnancy, abortions and miscarriages;
• pathologies of the genitourinary system;
• gynecological operations;
• long-term thrush of the genital organs;
• prolonged depression and constant stress;
• chronic fatigue;
• infections;
• side effects of contraceptives;
• malnutrition;
• physical inactivity.

When PMS begins depends on the physiological processes in the woman’s body. Every day of the cycle, a woman’s body undergoes some changes in the genital organs. In the first half, the process of egg maturation lasts 14–16 days. Midway through the cycle, the egg leaves the follicle. In the remaining days before menstruation, the body prepares conditions for pregnancy, if it occurs, or begins to reject excess if it does not occur.

When the cycle begins, the woman feels good - but from the moment the egg is released - ovulation - negative changes begin. It turns out that PMS begins on average 1 - 2 weeks before menstruation. Sometimes a premenstrual symptom immediately follows ovulation.

How many days before menstruation

The psycho-emotional and physical condition begins to deteriorate somewhere between 2 and 10 days before menstruation. For each woman, this time is individual and depends on the characteristics of her body, living conditions, temperament and state of health.

How long does it last

The main cause of PMS is a hormone imbalance. PMS becomes more severe after gynecological operations.

Feelings of discomfort, pain and other pathological changes begin to occur 1 to 10 days before menstruation. The condition lasts until the onset of menstruation. On her first day, the symptoms gradually disappear. If PMS persists, you need to visit a gynecologist for consultation.

How to relieve the condition

If PMS in a girl or woman is painful and lasts a long time, it requires medical correction to alleviate the condition and.

In order to normalize emotions, sedatives with natural ingredients are prescribed - for example, Novopassit.

To restore hormonal balance, hormonal drugs are prescribed - or Utrozhestan. Diclofenac is used to relieve pain.

Video about premenstrual syndrome