Famous architectural buildings. The most beautiful buildings in the world
Built at the end of the 15th century by the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti. For three centuries it was the main temple of the Moscow state. The oldest fully preserved building in Moscow. Fragments of the original frescoes painted by the icon painter Dionysius remained on the walls. In 1547, Ivan the Terrible was crowned king here for the first time. Later, everyone was crowned in this temple Russian emperors, starting with Peter II. In 1918, the cathedral was closed, in 1955 it opened as a museum, and in 1990, services were resumed there on special days.
Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kolomenskoye
The first tented church in Russia, built in 1528-1532. The architect of the church was supposedly the Italian Peter Francis Hannibal, but in Russian chronicles Peter Fryazin or Petroko Maly appears. According to legend, the construction of the temple is associated with the birth of Ivan IV, the long-awaited heir of the Grand Duke.
The interior of the temple has not been preserved. In the 16th century, the church was renovated, after which the floor of white and gray ceramic tiles was damaged and replaced reverse side. At the same time, the royal gates that have survived to this day appeared near the temple. The last restoration was carried out in 2002-2005, as a result of which the wooden roof structures above the porches were completely destroyed.
Yaroslavsky railway station
In 1862, a small Yaroslavl Railway station was built between Krasny Pond and Nikolaevsky Station. In 1900, the Ministry of Railways entrusted the radical reconstruction of the passenger hall to the architect Lev Kekushev, and then Fyodor Shekhtel was invited to correct his project. A high roof, like that of ancient Russian towers, with a ridge crowning it, a wide frieze belt made of shimmering green-brown glazed tiles, majolica inserts with scenes based on Shekhtel’s “northern” drawings, a side left tower directed upward, a gigantic entrance arch of the vestibule with semicircular pylons - turrets on the sides and a keel-visor. In the deep niche of the pediment under this canopy there were relief symbols of the three great cities that were connected by Yaroslavl (Northern) railway: coat of arms of Moscow - St. George the Victorious, coat of arms of Yaroslavl - a bear with an axe, coat of arms of Arkhangelsk - Archangel Michael defeating the devil.
Hotel Metropol
On the site where the Metropol is now located, since the 1830s there was a three-story hotel with baths of the merchant Chelyshev (Muscovites called it “Chelyshi”), built according to the design of Osip Bove. In the 1890s, Savva Mamontov bought the hotel and adjacent plots of land to implement his innovative idea: he planned to organize a grandiose cultural and leisure center in Moscow. The project did not envisage the demolition of the old hotel, but its radical reconstruction. A whole galaxy of famous and talented architects and artists worked on the creation of the hotel complex. The paintings and elements of interior decor were made according to the sketches of V. Vasnetsov and K. Korovin. Unlike facades, designed in strict stylistic unity, interior decoration Polystylism is characteristic: there are interiors both in the pseudo-Russian style and in the spirit of neoclassicism.
Apartment house Tarkhova
The apartment building on the corner of Podsosensky and Kazarmenny lanes was built according to the design of the architect G. I. Makaev in 1903-1904. (The second famous building in Moscow by the same architect is the northern wing of the Polytechnic Museum.) The house is an expressive example of the Northern Art Nouveau style and is known as the “house with poppies.” Poppies are one of the favorite motifs of Art Nouveau, a symbolic expression of the fact that life is a dream.
During Soviet times, the apartments were converted into communal apartments, which were resettled in the 1990s. Despite the fact that the building is considered an object cultural heritage of regional importance, its facades are in disrepair.
Pertsova's house
Pertsova's house in Moscow was built by architects N.K. Zhukov and B.N. Schnaubert in 1905-1907 according to sketches by the artist S.V. Malyutin, the author of the Russian nesting doll. As planned, Pertsova's Moscow apartment building, also known as the Fairy Tale House, was supposed to be a work of art in itself. The building has an unusual and complex shape, the facade is decorated with rich decoration, asymmetrical windows, balconies and tower-like projections. Old Russian motifs and patterns were used to decorate the house.
Kremlin wall
Even a child can reproduce the silhouette of the upper part of the wall with dovetail teeth in combination with the uncompromising red color of baked brick, the most laconic and recognizable of the architectural symbols of Moscow. The wall is one of the oldest buildings in the city. The Milanese architects who supervised its construction at the end of the 15th century took as a basis the battlements of the castles of the Italian Ghibellines, opponents of papal power. Simple rectangular battlements distinguished the style of the Guelph papist fortresses, and therefore for the citadel Orthodox faith were no good at all.
Insurance company "Russia"
Two buildings of this elegant residential building on Sretensky Boulevard were built in 1899-1902 by architects N. M. Proskurin and A. I. von Gauguin. The house was originally built for a very wealthy audience. A ventilation system was installed that not only supplied the premises fresh air, but also filtered and moisturized it. To ensure uninterrupted power supply Its own power station was built in the basement; heating was provided by eight boilers. For water supply, the house was drilled and artesian well 50 meters deep. As befits, the luxurious house had electric elevators and a laundry room for residents. Many upper apartments had glass ceilings, which was especially appreciated by artists.
Southern entrance of the Krasnye Vorota metro station
The early or first exit from the Krasnye Vorota metro station was opened along with the station on May 15, 1935 as part of the first launch section of the Moscow Metro Sokolniki - Park Kultury. The ground entrance hall is located along the axis of the Red Gate, which was dismantled in 1928, and is designed in the form of four hemispheres nested within each other according to the design of the architect N. A. Ladovsky. Many Muscovites call this exit “shell”. In 1938, the design of the exit and the station itself was awarded the Grand Prix of the International World Fair in Paris. In 1952, the first turnstile in metro history was installed in the lobby. In 1986, Lermontovskaya became the first Moscow metro station to have its historical name returned.
The building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
One of the seven “Stalinist skyscrapers”. The building was built between 1948 and 1953 according to the design of architects V. G. Gelfreich and M. A. Minkus and designers S. D. Gomberg and G. M. Limanovsky. The height is 172 meters. Initially, the building was erected without a spire, but by order of Stalin in 1952, the final cascade in the form of a decorative spire was completed in two weeks (the visual discrepancy between the elements of the facade and the spire is clearly visible from Smolenskaya Square). The Foreign Ministry building has become a model for all other Moscow skyscrapers.
"White City" on Belorusskaya
The first stage of the business center was built in 2006-2009. According to the plan, fundamental element The complex was to become a white-stone temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, in which, with the assistance of construction investors, large-scale restoration work was carried out. The complex consists of two 15-story buildings and one 6-story building. Two more towers are planned to be completed in 2013. In the center of “White Square” there is a light and music fountain. It is planned that live concerts and open-air exhibitions will soon take place here.
Northern River Station
The river station building was built simultaneously with the Moscow Canal even before the filling of the Khimki Reservoir (on the banks of which it is located) in 1937 according to a joint project by architects A. M. Rukhlyadev, V. F. Krinsky, sculptors I. S. Efimov and artist N. . Ya. Danko. The station is conceived as a symbol of Moscow - the “port of five seas”. The building is made in the shape of a large ship. The spire is crowned with a star, which in 1935-1937 was on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. The sickle and hammer are inlaid with Ural gems. From the Northern River Station you can go on a cruise along routes to St. Petersburg, Astrakhan, Rostov-on-Don. Pleasure boats depart from the pier to Radosti and Troitsky Bays.
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The largest Catholic cathedral in Russia, the cathedral of the Archdiocese of the Mother of God, headed by Metropolitan Archbishop Paolo Pezzi. One of two active Catholic churches Moscow along with the Church of St. Louis of France (1830, architect Gilardi). The temple was built in 1901-1911 (the decoration was completed later). The author of the project is F. O. Bogdanovich-Dvorzhetsky. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a neo-Gothic three-nave cruciform pseudo-basilica. It is believed that for the architect the prototype of the facade was the Gothic cathedral in Westminster Abbey, and the prototype of the dome was the dome cathedral in Milan. Since 2009, the educational course “Western European Sacred Music”, dedicated to Gregorian chant and organ improvisation, has been taking place within the walls of the cathedral.
House of Culture named after Zuev
One of the brightest examples of constructivism. Named in honor of a participant in the 1905 uprising, tram depot mechanic S. M. Zuev. Built in 1927-1929 on Lesnaya Street according to the design of the architect Ilya Golosov. The project was born under the influence of cubism and is built on a combination of asymmetrically located regular geometric bodies. The compositional center of the building is a vertical glass cylinder, on which the entire building with unusually large window surfaces seems to be “put on.”
Residential complex Copper House
Erected in 2003-2004. The complex was designed by architects S. Skuratov, V. Ryzhkov, N. Ishutina, Y. Kovaleva, A. Medvedev, P. Karpovsky, P. Shalimov, N. Demidov and V. Danilov. According to the authors, the composition of the structure expressed the specifics of the area. The narrow, long development site is used as a metaphor for transition: by connecting Zachatievsky Lane with Prechistenskaya Embankment, the house “builds bridges” to the shores of new Russian architecture. Architect Skuratov called the house the “Mannerheim line,” which distinguished between intelligent architecture and the products of domestic construction practice. The Copper House residential building was accepted into the collection of the best buildings of 2003-2004 at the Museum of Architecture. Shchuseva.
Isakov's apartment building on Prechistenka
The house, built in 1904-1906 according to the design of the architect L. Kekushev, is one of the most striking examples of the Art Nouveau style in Moscow. When building the house, Kekushev strove for maximum asymmetry and used all the possibilities of the site for this. As a result, the part of the building that faces the courtyard has six floors, and the part on the street side has five. The main staircase divides the building into front and back parts, which are offset from each other by half a floor in height. Thanks to this layout, each landing could be used to enter the apartment.
Shukhov Tower
The Moscow radio tower on Shabolovka was built in 1920-1922 by engineer V. G. Shukhov. The height of the tower is 148.3 meters, which is two times lower than the original project. However, at that time the tower was the tallest in Russia. The Shabolovskaya Tower is built on the principle of grid hyperboloid towers, which is a direct invention of Shukhov. Seventeen years after the opening of the tower, on March 10, 1939, a television program was first broadcast from it - documentary on the opening of the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b). The image of the Shukhov Tower was used as an emblem of Soviet television, in particular, the Blue Light program. In 1941, as a result of a malfunction, a mail plane crashed into the tower, but due to its robust construction, the tower was not damaged. The tower has never been restored and is currently in need of examination.
The history of the building begins in 1857. TSUM is made in gothic style with modern elements. In the 1880s, the building was purchased by Scottish merchants Andrew Muir and Archibald Meriliz, founders of the Muir and Meriliz trading company. In 1908, a new building was built according to the design of the architect Roman Klein, the author of the Museum project fine arts them. A. S. Pushkin. For the first time in Russia, reinforced concrete was used during construction. New way made it possible to do without traditional wide columns and use iron and steel structures to significantly increase window space. The building was last reconstructed in 2007.
Pashkov House
One of the main monuments of classicism in Moscow. Built in 1784-1786. It bears the name of the customer - Lieutenant of the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment Pyotr Egorovich Pashkov. The architect is presumably Vasily Bazhenov. Distinctive feature the mansion has two main facades: one, facing the roadway, has a more solemn appearance, the second is a manor facade, more modest in appearance, located in the courtyard. The original color of the building was orange, but under Emperor Paul the color was changed. During his time, the statue of Minerva was removed from the dome. In 1914, the architect Shevyakov built a double-height hall. In 1986, during the construction of the Borovitskaya metro station, Pashkov’s house was damaged and was on the verge of destruction. Until 2007, it was under reconstruction. Today the building belongs to the Russian State Library.
Publishing house of I. D. Sytin “Russian Word”
The building was rebuilt in 1904-1906 from an early 19th century mansion. for Ivan Sytin, a Russian educational publisher who produced mass editions of cheap editions of Russian and foreign classics. During the reconstruction, the architect A.E. Erichson used the achievements of construction technology of that time: reinforced concrete floors, resting on metal beams and supporting structures. The architect abandoned the obligatory corridors for “public” places; instead, he designed spacious halls that unite large and bright rooms. The external design is complemented by a tiled frieze between the second and third floors, stucco women's masks, and patterned balcony grilles made according to sketches by the artist I. Bilibin. In 1979, during the reconstruction of Gorky Street, the house was moved 33.5 meters from the corner of Pushkinskaya Square to Nastasinsky Lane and placed on a new foundation.
World architecture is full of masterpieces that fascinate with their beauty at first sight. Their majesty, harmony or, conversely, complexity of forms amaze the imagination and invariably evoke admiration among representatives of various generations and nationalities. Today we will introduce you to architectural pride - the most beautiful buildings collected from all over the world.
10. Taj Mahal, India
A beautiful white marble mausoleum was built in the Indian city of Agra back in the 17th century. The then reigning emperor dedicated the construction of the tomb to his third wife, who died during childbirth. Attention is immediately drawn to the huge 35-meter dome on the central part of the Taj Mahal. The mausoleum is made in traditional Islamic style, most of the elements in its design are borrowed from Persian culture. Today this beautiful structure is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
9. Shwedagon Pagoda, Myanmar
The height of this golden splendor is 98 meters. Four holy vessels with Buddhist relics are walled up under the building. Among the buildings of the religion, Shwedagon is considered the richest: it is decorated with gold, silver precious stones almost completely. By the way, you can only enter the territory of the sacred complex barefoot.
8. Opera House, Australia
This luxury complex, reminiscent of a shimmering shell, is a symbol of Sydney. During its construction, the budget was increased by as much as 15 times, but the theater was still completed, despite the enormous costs. During national holidays The domed structure serves as an arena for spectacular light shows. The complex itself consists of two large - concert and opera - halls, as well as almost a thousand other rooms. More than ten thousand people can fit into the Sydney Opera House at one time!
7. Flinders Street, Australia
Our next beautiful object is also from the Green Continent. Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's central railway station. The new station building was built at the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to the “station” premises itself, there are also offices and even a ballroom here, previously Flinders Street also included kindergarten. The clock under the main dome of the station is literally a symbol of the meeting in Melbourne.
6. Frauenkirche Church, Germany
This ancient Lutheran church is third on the list of unique attractions in the country. It is located in the city of Munich, which is generally famous for its luxurious architecture. Frauenkirche is the most striking architectural monument in this city. In general, a church has existed on this site since the 11th century, but the luxurious building, which to this day attracts the attention of both believers and ordinary tourists, was rebuilt only in the mid-18th century. It is noteworthy that this religious building was built by order of the Polish king Augustus 1 as a symbol of the fight against the power of the Catholic Pope, although Augustus himself was a Catholic.
5. Burj Al Arab Hotel, UAE
A chic skyscraper in the shape of a sail, literally standing in the ocean, is one of the symbols of the luxurious and hospitable city of Dubai. Especially for it, an island was artificially created 280 meters from the shore, on which the building is located. At 321m high, the Burj Al Arab is the world's tallest hotel - and undoubtedly the most original and beautiful. Luxury is present in every millimeter, therefore, according to everyone, just five stars is clearly not enough for it.
4. Museum of the Future, Brazil
The rapidly developing city of Rio de Janeiro is changing literally before our eyes, surprising even its residents. One of the new products that has appeared in the city is called the “Museum of the Future” - the author of the project was Santiago Calatrava. He emphasizes that the design of this fantastic structure highlights the magic of Brazil and the rich spirit of its people. Installed on a huge breakwater, the Museum literally floats above the water. Its “wings” contain panels for generating solar energy, which independently rotate with the sun.
3. Palace of Ferdinand Cheval, France
This beautiful palace with an amazing history is located in the French city of Hauterives. Its author, Ferdinand Cheval, was a simple postman who dreamed of his own castle and made his dream come true with the help of... ordinary stones. It all started with collecting stones unusual shape, from which in 20 years Cheval will begin to build his ideal palace. The crazy genius devoted all his time to this work, and after 33 years, a real miracle was born from ordinary stones, cement and wire, which today is boldly included in the top three most beautiful architectural wonders of the world.
2. Hallgrimskirkja, Iceland
This Lutheran church in Reykjavik looks very mysterious and magical. In fact, its appearance symbolizes a volcanic eruption. The church with a name unpronounceable for tourists is considered a symbol of Reykjavik; it is located in the very center of the city. At the top there is an observation deck from which you can see the entire city. Simple and harmonious design, full of symbolism - this makes Hallgrimskirkju second in the list of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
1. Golden Temple, India - The most beautiful building in the world
The beautiful sanctuary is located in the middle of Lake Amrita-saras, on the banks of which the city of Amritsar is located. Harmandir Sahib is one of the oldest Indian temples, founded in the 16th century. The religious building is connected to the shore by a narrow marble bridge - the path from sin to a righteous life. This building received its second name - the Golden Temple - because its facade is completely covered with gilded slabs, which makes it seem as if the structure was entirely carved out of precious metal.
Speaking about the world's most beautiful masterpieces of architecture, it is impossible to ignore another monument of culture and religion. We deliberately did not include it in the rating in order to emphasize the special place of this building among the most beautiful creations of architecture. We are talking about the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, located in St. Petersburg.
The temple was built on the site of the assassination of Emperor Alexander 2 on the Field of Mars. Officially, the shrine bears the name of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, but among the people it is better known as the Savior on Spilled Blood. The luxurious building was built entirely with donations from citizens. The walls of the temple are a red brick mosaic with various panels and paintings. The Savior on Spilled Blood occupies a special place in the history and culture of the Russian people, and its splendor allows us to rightfully call the temple the most beautiful building on the planet.
Modern cities are made up of buildings of all styles, sizes, designs and shapes - from wooden one-story shacks to super-technological buildings that seem to have come straight out of the pages of science fiction novels. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol once said: “Architecture is also a chronicle of the world: it speaks when both songs and legends are already silent.” We invite you to take a short tour of the buildings that have become real architectural milestones in the history of mankind.
1. Hal Saflieni, Paola, Malta
This underground sanctuary (hypogeum) is one of the most ancient buildings on Earth: according to some estimates, its construction began about six thousand years ago. Initially, Khal-Saflieni was used as a temple, and then began to serve as a burial place - during excavations, archaeologists discovered the remains of more than seven thousand ancient inhabitants of these places.
2. Pyramids of Giza, suburb of Cairo, Egypt
The Pyramids on the Giza Plateau are the only creation of ancient architects among the legendary Seven Wonders of the World that has survived to this day (strictly speaking, only the tallest of them, the Pyramid of Khufu, better known as the Pyramid of Cheops, is considered a Wonder).
It’s not for nothing that the Arabs say: “The world is afraid of time, and time is afraid of pyramids.” For about four thousand years, Khufu’s pyramid was the tallest building on the planet and still amazes with its majesty and grandeur. Its height is 146.5 meters, the pyramids of Khafre (Khefre) and Menkaure (Mykerinus) are slightly lower - 136.4 meters and 62 meters, respectively.
3. Temple of Jupiter, Baalbek, Lebanon
The debate about how the Egyptians managed to build “slides” from huge stone blocks weighing 2.5 tons will probably never subside. However, the builders of the Temple of Jupiter in ancient city Baalbek could have given them a head start in terms of the size of the “bricks”: when building the temple, they used three blocks weighing 800 tons, although there are smaller ones, “only” 350 tons.
Two kilometers from the temple, archaeologists found a block called the “Southern Stone” - its weight reaches over 1000 tons, but for some reason the largest “brick” remained in the quarry.
4. Assyrian aqueduct near the village of Jerwan, Iraq
It’s hard to believe, but this masterpiece of Assyrian architects, built in 703–688 BC by order of King Sennacherib, is an ordinary water supply system that provided water to the capital of the Assyrian Empire, Nineveh. The length of the most famous part of the aqueduct, made of limestone, is approximately 300 meters, and the height is about 10 meters; the total length of the ancient water pipeline is more than 80 km.
5. Machu Picchu, Peru
The amazing quality of the buildings in Machu Picchu is explained either by the skill of the masons, or, more likely, by the extreme cruelty of the foremen, who forced them to process the blocks with copper and bronze tools so that they fit very tightly to each other and have stood for hundreds of years without any fastening mortar.
6. Aqueducts of the Roman Empire
Rounded arches were invented in Mesopotamia about four thousand years ago, but they are known throughout the world thanks to the Romans, who willingly used this architectural detail in the construction of their aqueducts.
The highest of the ancient Roman aqueducts that have survived to this day is the Pont du Gard, located on the territory of modern France. The aqueduct, built in 40–66 AD, was part of the water supply system of the city of Nîmes, the Pont du Gard is 47 meters high and 275 meters long.
7. Alexandria Window Glass
The first transparent glass windows in human history appeared in Alexandria around 100 AD (some historians say they are at least 200 years older). One of the Roman glassblowers living in the city thought of adding manganese oxide to the glass mass, as a result of which such an innovative, as they would now say, architectural solution appeared.
8. Concrete domes of Roman temples
The huge stone domes used in many Christian churches were first created by the Romans after the invention of concrete.
The oldest example of the use of a concrete dome is considered to be the Temple of Mercury, built between the 27th year BC and the 14th year after, during the reign of Emperor Augustus. The largest unreinforced concrete dome belongs to the Pantheon in Rome, which was completed in 127 AD.
9. Flax processing factory in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK
At first glance, this ancient building is unremarkable, and yet it is respectfully called the “grandfather of skyscrapers”: when building a factory commissioned by British entrepreneur Charles Bage, architect and engineer William Strutt was one of the first in the world to use cast iron beams and metal structures, which gave the structure a hitherto unprecedented strength.
The construction of the factory was completed in 1797, and its design became a model for the construction of many other industrial and residential buildings for many years.
10. Suspension Bridge over the Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
One of the world's first suspension bridges, designed by engineers Erskine Hazard and Josiah White, was the largest of them when it opened in 1816, although it only stood for about a year.
11. Great Conservatory of Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, UK
The structure, designed by Joseph Paxton, author of the famous Crystal Palace in London, was for some time the largest glass building in the world: its length was 96.2 meters, width was 37.5 meters, and the height of the greenhouse reached 20.4 meters.
Paxton, who served as a gardener at the residence of the Dukes of Devonshire, amazed guests of the estate with his unprecedented fantastic designs, but many of them were too impractical: for example, to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse, it was necessary to build eight boilers and lay 11 km of pipes. The Great Orangery was so expensive for Chatsworth House that it was demolished in 1923.
12. Four-story house, suburb of Paris, France
A nondescript building covered in graffiti on one of the northern outskirts of Paris is a real architectural monument, although it’s hard to believe. Its creators, engineer Francois Coignet and architect Theodore Lachaise, were the first to use reinforced concrete as a building material, after which this practice became widespread.
13. Oriel Chambers, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
Although the factory in Shrewsbury is called the “grandfather of skyscrapers,” this honorary epithet should rightfully belong to the building erected in 1864 by the architect Peter Ellis: Oriel Chambers was the first to use load-bearing steel structures with window glass fixed to them - it was this technology that was used to build a large some of the tallest buildings on the planet.
14. Insurance Company Building, Chicago, Illinois, USA
The 42-meter building, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, one of the most authoritative representatives of the Chicago school of architecture, has the honor of being the first structure to “scrape the sky,” so to speak.
The construction of the world's first skyscraper was completed in 1885, and in 1891 two more floors were added to its ten floors, and the height increased from 42 meters to 54.9 meters.
The architect, apparently, did not have too much confidence in the strength of the steel frame, so he placed concern for the stability of the building also on the back load-bearing wall and granite columns. Unfortunately, the first skyscraper has not survived to this day - the building was demolished in 1931.
15. Ingalls Building, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Chicago is considered the birthplace of skyscrapers, but this is the first in the world similar structure made of reinforced concrete appeared in the city of Cincinnati in 1903. The unprecedented 15-story building, 64 meters high, was designed by the architectural bureau “Elzner & Anderson” for Melville Ingalls, one of the American financial tycoons of the early 20th century. The skyscraper has survived to this day and is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
16. Villa Savoye, Poissy, France
The small country villa, built in 1931 by the famous Le Corbusier, the founder of modernism in building design, is considered the embodiment of his “Five Starting Points of Modern Architecture”, which formulate the basic principles of the Art Nouveau style. These include a flat roof, support pillars, horizontal windows, free layout and free facade - the supports are located not outside the house, but as you like, external walls can also be any.
17. Solar House No. 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
In 1939, employees of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, led by Hoyt Hottel, built a building on the territory of the institute that was completely heated by energy. sun rays. Later, several more similar houses were created for scientific purposes, and the first commercial building heated exclusively by the sun appeared in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1956, designed by Frank Bridgers and Donald Paxton.
18. Echoviren, California, USA
In August of this year, a team of Californian architects completed the construction of the world's first structure, all building materials for which were made using 3D printing. Of course, it’s difficult to call it a building; rather, it’s something like a small hut: its dimensions are 3x3x2.4 meters.
The project was named Echoviren - in honor of one of the rare species of sequoias, because the structure of the walls of the 3D hut resembles cellular structure fibers of this tree. The production of its 585 components took a total of about 10,800 hours: for two months, seven 3D printers worked almost around the clock, and the “building” was assembled in just four days.
I think that many of you have seen examples of unusual architectural structures or even been inside such creative buildings. But today we will present to you 21 examples of fantastic architectural structures that simply amaze the imagination and surprise with the originality of the idea.
1. Atomium
The building is located in Brussels. The Atomium was built in 1958 and designed by architect André Waterkeyn. The Atomium rises 102 meters. Externally, the structure looks like an atom. Despite its impressive age, it still looks good; the Atomium was reconstructed from 2004 to 2006. Then aluminum was replaced by steel.
2. Building Barcode
Located in St. Petersburg, Russia. The building is designed in the form of a giant barcode. The black bars of the traditional barcode have been replaced large windows, which creates a very realistic look. The building itself is made in red.
3. Foggy building
The misty building, designed by architects Elisabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio, is located on the shores of Lake Neuchâtel in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland. This miracle has dimensions of 60 x 100 x 20 meters, made of metal. Special holes are built into the body that spray water from the lake around the building.
4. Cybertexture Egg
The Cybertexture Egg is located in Mumbai, India. The surface area is 32,000 sq. m. The egg-shaped structure is the embodiment of environmental design, an intelligent system and a memorable landmark of the city. In addition to its magnificent design, the egg is equipped with the latest technological advances. The facility is capable of monitoring the well-being of employees - measuring their weight and blood pressure. The doctor will be notified of any sudden changes in the well-being of staff.
5. Solar Ark
The Solar Ark is located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, built by Sanyo. It is one of the most impressive solar power generating buildings in the world. The structure was created as a symbol of a "clean energy community" and houses the Solar Museum inside. The Ark includes 5,046 solar panels and produces approximately 630 kW of power, equivalent to 530,000 kWh of clean energy per year.
6. Basket Building
The Basket Building is located in Ohio, USA. This is the seven-story corporate headquarters of the Longaberger Basket Company. Inside the building there is an atrium that rises up to a glass ceiling through which you can see the basket handles coming together above the roof.
7. Piano House
The Piano House is located in Hui Province, China. The violin functions as an escalator and entrance to the building. Apparently, the building was built by the local government to attract people to developing areas of the country. This building is a perfect example of the harmonious combination of music and architecture.
8. Esplanade
The building is located on six hectares of land next to the Marina Bay promenade near the Singapore River. It plays the role of a local theater and concert hall, the concert hall seats 1,600 people, and the theater seats 2,000.
9. Cube House
The building is a combination of several cubic structures. The architectural composition is located in the Netherlands.
10. Project Eden
The Eden Project is an original structure that attracts many tourists to the United Kingdom every year. At the same time, the structure is the largest greenhouse in the world. Plants from all over the world are collected inside artificial biomes. The project is located 2 km (1.25 miles) from the town of St Blazey and 5 km (3 miles) from the larger town of St Austell, Cornwall.
11. Spiral forest
Waldspirale is a residential complex in Darmstadt, Germany, built in 1990. The name translates as wooded spiral and fully reflects the overall plan of the building and the fact that it has a green roof. The architectural structure was designed by the Viennese Hundertwasser artist Friedensreich, the architect M. Springmann Heinz worked on the implementation, and the building was built by the Bauverein company in Darmstadt. Construction of the building was completed in 2000.
12. Robotics
The robot building is located in Sathorn, a business district of Bangkok, Thailand. The headquarters of United Overseas Bank is located here. The building, which looks like a huge robot, symbolizes the computerization of the banking system in the country. The main features of the building include antennas and eyes, they play an important role from both an aesthetic and practical point of view. The structure was completed in 1986 and is one of the last examples of modern architecture in Bangkok.
13. Atlantis
Atlantis (Dubai) is the majestic center of Palm Jumeirah, an artificial island that captures the imagination of people from all over the world with its unimaginable scale. From the moment you arrive, you are immersed in a dazzling world of style, pleasure and luxury. The resort offers relaxation and thrills for couples and families. Activities include unique boat trips, an exhilarating water park, pristine white beaches, world-class cuisine, a spa and much more.
14. Rotating tower
The rotating tower is also located in Dubai. The floors of this architectural composition will rotate around a central axis. This will be a constant movement and change of shape, which will allow the residents of the house to independently choose the desired landscape outside the window with one click of a button. The structure's architecture provides very high earthquake resistance as each floor rotates independently.
15. Banpo Bridge
Banpo Bridge is located in Seoul, South Korea. It is the world's longest bridge fountain and has set a Guinness World Record with nearly 10,000 LED nozzles that run along both sides of the bridge. Water is sprayed over a distance of 1140 m.
This project is the first of its kind in the world. The bridge has 38 water pumps and 9,380 nozzles on both sides, which pump 190 tons of water per minute from the river at a depth of about 20 meters.
16. Palais Bulles
Bulles Palais is located in Cannes, France. In the early eighties, fashion designer Pierre Cardin wanted to buy a house so he could come to Cannes for the summer. While searching, he came across the construction site of a house being built by architect Antti Lovag for a French industrialist. When the owner died before the Bubble House was completed, Carden bought the half-finished structure, added his own elements and completed the building.
17. Solar oven
The solar oven is located in Odeillo, France. The building is a curved mirror (or array of mirrors) that acts as a parabolic reflector, concentrating light on a focal point. The largest solar oven in the world is located at Odeillo in the Eastern Pyrenees in France, opened in 1970.
18. Park Guell
Park Güell is located in Barcelona, Spain. Park Güell is a garden complex with architectural elements located on the El Carmel hill in the Gràcia district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Park Güell is cleverly designed and looks like a scene from a fairy tale. Vibrant colors and the aura of the park is amazing.
These buildings are known all over the world, admired, admired and idolized. These are the visiting cards of cities, let's take another look at these historical buildings:
The Moscow Kremlin is the largest fortress in Europe, preserved and operating to this day, located in the oldest part of Moscow, the main socio-political, historical and artistic complex of the city, the official residence of the president Russian Federation. Located on the high left bank of the Moscow River - Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the Neglinnaya River. In plan, the Kremlin is an irregular triangle with an area of 27.5 hectares (ha).
The Taj Mahal in India is located near Agra. In its external majestic appearance, it resembles a temple, but in fact it is a mausoleum built in honor of the second wife of Shah Jahan - Mumtaz Mahal (otherwise known as Arjumand Bano Begum). This is truly a very beautiful building. No description, photo or video can convey the true beauty of this structure. The architecture of the building conveys a mixture of Indian, Persian and Islamic architecture.
Sydney Opera House - one of the most famous and easily recognizable buildings in the world, is also a symbol largest city Australia. Considered one of the main attractions of the continent, the sail-shaped shells that form the roof make this building unlike any other in the world. The Sydney Opera House is recognized as one of the outstanding structures of modern architecture in the world and, along with the Harbor Bridge, has been the hallmark of Sydney since 1973. This building Since June 28, 2007, it has been protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a bell tower, part of the ensemble of the city cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta (Cathedral of Pisa) in the city of Pisa, which gained worldwide fame due to its unintentional tilt. The tilting of the tower, caused by the softness of the soil, occurred as construction progressed, ending in 1360. The “tilt” process ended only in 2008. The tower has 294 steps. The height of the tower is 55.86 m from the ground on the lowest side and 56.7 m on the highest side. The diameter of the base is 15.54 m. Its mass is estimated at 14,453 tons. The current inclination is 3°
The Empire State Building is a 102-story building located in New York on the island of Manhattan. Is office building. From 1931 to 1970, it was one of the tallest buildings in the world, until the opening of the north tower of the World shopping center. It regained this status again after the tragedy of 2001 (the collapse of the World Trade Center). The architecture of the building belongs to the Art Deco style.
The Eiffel Tower is the most famous architectural landmark of Paris, known as a symbol of France, erected on the Champs de Mars and named after its designer Gustapha Eiffel. She is the most recognizable and tall building in Paris, its height together with the new antenna is 324 meters, which is approximately equal to a building of 81 floors. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 and has amazing story origin. In 1889, in Paris, in memory of the centenary of the French Revolution, the World Exhibition was held, and it was thanks to the exhibition that the city authorities ordered the creation and erection of a temporary structure to serve as its entrance arch.
The Colosseum is a symbol of strength, power and the centuries-old history of Rome, one of the most famous landmarks in Italy. It is considered the most beautiful and largest stadium of the ancient world, built in the first century AD. e. in the form of an amphitheater. The construction of this grandiose structure began after numerous victories by Emperor Vespasian in Judea. Construction lasted 11 years, during which they accomplished the impossible - quality, complete work and the introduction of advanced technologies, unimaginable at that time - the conveyor.
Big Ben is the world-famous clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in London. Meetings of the House of Lords and the House of Commons are held in the Palace of Westminster, in the many kilometers of corridors of the palace it is easy to lose the right direction, there is hardly a person who has visited all its 1200 rooms, but the most famous part of the palace - the clock tower - is known, without exaggeration, to everyone world and is one of the most striking architectural symbols of the city. The height of the tower is 96 meters; a narrow spiral staircase of 334 steps is hidden inside it.
Burj Al Arab - translated from Arabic as “Arab Tower”, which was given to it by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, rightfully occupies the highest position in the list of the most luxurious hotels in the world. The world's best designers worked on the interior of the Burj Al Arab hotel in order to emphasize its exclusive luxury. To decorate the hotel rooms and halls, they used approximately 1,590 m² of 999 gold foil, as well as the finest grades of marble, precious and semi-precious stones, valuable wood species and the finest leather. The building rises 321 meters above the artificial island, poured specifically for its construction in the early 90s, 280 meters from the coastline, its appearance resembles a sail installed on traditional Arab ships. Creating the sail for the Burj Al Arab Hotel was a truly amazing and time-consuming process.
