A brief grammar of the English language. English grammar by level

Start learning Englishbasically comes down to orderly actions from day to day. Today we will look at the main “corset” on which such a large fish as the English tongue rests. For some, this information may be enough, but for those who still decide to delve into all the intricacies, it is worth not dwelling on these rules.Learn English firstIt’s not difficult, you just need to understand its foundation.

For those who are just starting to learn English, today’s digest will seem quite comprehensive.

For those who consider themselves advanced in this area and these rules are no longer news, it would not be amiss to repeat what you have learned. As you know: “Repetition is the mother of learning!”

We tried to compress it as much as possible huge amount information, let's see what comes of it. In fact, English grammar is quite easy to understand.

Today we will analyze only part of it, and of course we will continue in the following publications.

Nouns
In English theyare not declined, but in the plural the letter is added to them at the end-s or two letters -es:

In words ending-y, in the plural, the ending changes to two lettersie:

Ending with letters-f, or -fe, plural changef on v, and to them is added-es:

Ending with-ief, -oof, -ff, -rf,in the plural they get-s.

Let's not forget that if there is a rule, then there is an exception somewhere nearby:

When we need to indicate that something belongs to someone, the noun acquires a letter's, BUT with an apostrophe:

In cases with inanimate objects, the situation looks like this:

A preposition is usedof, while the noun itself does not change.

And since the topic is about prepositions: they are often used not only to connect words in a sentence, but also in this interpretation, and then they are not translated at all:

Article

These are tiny words that cling to nouns like little bugs; they are practically not translated into Russian.

And there are a huge number of features that we don’t understand at first glance, but we will return to them another time.

And for those who still read to the end, we have prepared very necessary phrases, without which it is impossible to imagine every day.

"Greetings and Introductory Phrases"

"Farewell phrases"

Conversational vocabulary - This is only 1 of 7 parts of the system for accelerated learning of English, which we showed at the last online master class.

If you know a bunch of words, but you don't have 6 other parts of the system. You do not know English and will not be able to communicate freely. In addition to vocabulary, you need to train English grammar. But not the way many people do it in courses and with tutors, in isolation from practice, studying a lot of tablets with times. This is equivalent to learning to swim using signs. Or learn to drive using formulas? Will you sail far or will you drive away? I doubt…

Do you need to train your grammar naturally and regularly, like muscles in the gym? To do this, you need to constantly listen and repeat entire phrases with different grammatical structures until it becomes automatic. When you have listened and repeated 10-20 phrases at the same time, your brain begins to grasp the logic of using time. As a result, you not only remember the phrase, but also imprint into your subconscious an understanding of tenses, how and when to use different tense structures. For example, here's how our students do it to get the fastest results.

But that's not all. To speak fluently you need to master the following skills perfectly:

Beautiful pronunciation. At the last master class, at the end of the broadcast, we taught our guests the correct pronunciation of complex English sounds in 10 minutes.
Ability to write and read correctly(We do this a lot in real life). Do you agree that you need to be literate?
Ability to hear rapid speech of native speakers and understand it! This skill is also practiced on the conversation simulators that we showed at the master class
The ability to speak freely, without a terrible accent? (To do this, you need to repeat after native speakers more often, compare speech, try to speak more. We also quickly practice this skill on English Revolution simulators)

Now you know what you need to improve to speak English fluently. So don't waste your time on the courses. Do only what gives results. We tested this on 20,000 students from all over the world.

And those who want to take the fast track and not search for the Magic Pill in English for years can use our ready-made English Revolution system, which already includes everything described above. According to this system, the average path from zero to fluent English for our students takes only 6 months. Yes, these are not years, as many are used to. Just 6 months and you're talking. Hard to believe? Watch thousands of video reviews on our site?

By the way, today we still have 50% discount for all English Revolution training packages. Due to numerous requests, we have decided to extend this promotion for a short time. Also, whoever purchases training TODAY receives a second set of training for a friend or relative as a GIFT! This has never happened before and is unlikely to happen again. Don't miss your chance to master English in a matter of months and save big! You can reserve a discount using the button below.

Language was created so that people can communicate and understand each other. In order for interaction to be most effective, the first native speakers had to agree on the rules of English, otherwise everyone would speak their own. Over time, the set of these rules grew larger, acquired additional nuances and exceptions, and then turned into thick English textbooks that today flood the shelves of bookstores and libraries. We will not delve into the jungle of studying British speech, so as not to list all the rules in the English language, but will focus on the 10 basic rules of the English language. Check it!

Word order in a sentence

Russian speech allows us to compose phrases in any order we like. The sentences “He bought a car”, “He bought a car”, “He bought a car” and other variations will sound equally organic and correct from a grammatical point of view. But the English are a pedantic people, so in their sentences, as in life, there is a strictly observed order:

Subject(who?) + predicate(what does it do?) + addition(with whom? over whom? etc.) + circumstance(when? where? how? etc.).

He bought a car. - He bought a car.

Minor members may be absent, but the presence of a subject and predicate is mandatory, therefore the existence of impersonal sentences in English is impossible. If in the Russian analogue the subject performing the action is absent, then in English it is replaced by the pronoun “ it».

It's cold outside. - It's cold outside.

Auxiliary verbs

It is very important to remember to use auxiliary verbs in negative and interrogative sentences. In Russian, we do not need any helpers other than the main predicate verb. But in classical English, the construction of questions and negations requires the indispensable presence of an helping verb.

Do you love music? - Do you like music?
I won't go to this party. - I won't (will not) go to the party.

Which auxiliary verb you should use depends on the tense, but that's another story with 16 separate chapters.

Basic forms of English verbs be, have, do

There is a “holy trinity” of verbs in the English language - words that can express most actions. These are the verbs: " be"(to be, to appear, to be), " have"(to have) and " do" (do). Due to such frequent use, in the present tense they have their own special forms:

« Be" divided by am (for I), " is" (for he, she, it) and " are"(for we, you, they).
"Have" has a special form only for the third person singular (he, she, it) - “ has».
A " do", using general rule for "he", "she", "it" in the present tense, uses the ending " es» — « does».

Having remembered these basic rules about verbs and their forms, you can already express your thoughts and explain to a foreigner what you need from him.

Prohibition of double negatives

Famous game " I've never..." in English is called " I've never(done)...” As you can see, in the Russian language there is a double negative - the pronoun “ never" and negative particle " Not" In English we only see the negative pronoun " never”, and before the verb “done” there is not and cannot be the usual negative particle “not”. Why this happened and who is to blame for it is unknown to history, but we like the version that business residents of Foggy Albion simply do not like to repeat themselves. And we should remember that in English you cannot use double negatives.

Articles

We can talk about these mysterious guys for hours. What makes this conversation especially long is the fact that there are no articles in the Russian language. But we will not repeat the multi-volume material of textbooks, but will concentrate only on when articles are not needed:

When it comes before a noun possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case:

This is a dog. This is my dog. It isn't my sister's dog.- This is a dog. This is my dog. This is not my sister's dog.

When a cardinal number precedes a noun (answers the question “how much?”):

I have two sisters and one brother.- I have two sisters and one brother.

When a noun is preceded by the negation “no”:

I have no idea what to do.- I have no idea what to do.

When a noun is preceded by a demonstrative pronoun (this, these, that, those):

Give me that pencil, please.- Give me that pencil, please.

Plural

The basic rule for forming plurals is to add the ending " s» to the singular form:

a dog - dog s, a cat - cat s, an insect - insect s

If a noun ends in hissing sound or letter " O", then you should add the ending " es»:

bus - bus es, glass - glass es, bush - bush es, box-box es, branch - branch es potato-potato es

When the word ends with " y", and in front of her stands consonant, « y" in the plural changes to " ies»:

ba by-bab ies, ci ty- cit ies, la dy- lad ies
But: b oh- boy s,t oh- toy s, pl ay- play s.

When the end of a word is " f" or " fe", when adding the ending " s» letter « f" changes to " v»:

lea f-lea v es, wi f e-wi v es

These are the basic English rules for forming the plural form, but we should not forget about exceptions that go against the rules, for example:

child - children, man - men, mouse - mice etc.

Degrees of comparison

There are two ways to form degrees of comparison: using suffixes and using additional words. The choice of method is influenced by the number of syllables and the last letter in the word:

If the word has 1 syllable, then you should add a suffix:

cold - colder - the coldest, cool - cooler -the coolest, big- bigger -the biggest

If the word consists of two or more syllables, then we use an additional word:

beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful

When a word ends with " y", we again use the first method with endings, but in this case "y" changes to " ie».

funny - fun ier- the fun iest, sunny - sun ier- the sun iest

Don't forget the article " the» before superlatives, and also doubling the last consonant letters in monosyllabic words with consonant/vowel/consonant alternation.

Gerund after the verb "like"

A gerund is a verb ending in " ing" If you need to express your preferences using the verb “like,” then it is preferable to use a gerund after it:

I like watch ing films.
Do you like jogg ing?
You don't like play ing chess, do you?

Past tense forms of verbs

The basic rule is that to express the past tense you should use second verb form. This is where the nuances begin, because the main verbs of the English language are divided into regular and irregular, and their methods of forming the second form differ. For correct verbs use the ending " ed", but everyone wrong the verb has its own three shapes that need to be remembered - there is no separate rule for irregular verbs. Fortunately, many of them are formed according to similar word-formation models, and modern teaching methods have funny rhymes aimed at quickly memorizing the forms of irregular verbs. Our online tutor will be happy to introduce you to them.

Many, much, a lot

English nouns, like Russian ones, are divided into two classes: countable and uncountable. Class influences the use of quantitative pronouns:

WITH countable should use " many».

I have many dresses.- I have a lot of dresses.

WITH uncountable, which are liquids, substances and substances that cannot be counted, we use “ much».

I don't drink much water.- I don't drink a lot of water.

If define classdifficult, then you can use “ a lot (of)", which goes equally well with both uncountable nouns and those that can be counted

He doesn't watch a lot of TV, but he reads a lot of books.- He doesn't watch TV a lot, but he reads a lot of books.

Small hint in defining the class of nouns the ending “ s» for countable nouns in the plural.

Conclusion

When learning English, you should remember that rules are meant to be broken. All the rules above are just the “skeleton” of British literary speech. A living spoken language has a lot of nuances and exceptions, which can only be learned by immersing yourself in the atmosphere of an English-speaking society. English songs and films, as well as live interlocutors, will help you do this!

Embark on an exciting journey through the sections of our website, and in just a few days the 10 most important rules English will become as natural as breathing. Breathe in English!

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

“I don’t want to speak intelligently. I want to speak like a lady,” these words belong to Eliza Doolittle, the heroine of Bernard Shaw’s famous play “Pygmalion.”

Eliza may not have wanted to learn to speak correctly, but without grammar she would not have been able to speak at all. We are now talking about grammar as a system of words and syntactic structures inherent in a particular language. Grammar in this sense is “our main asset,” emphasized Eliza’s mentor, Professor Henry Higgins.

But this is not the only definition of grammar. The systematic study and description of a language or group of languages is also grammar, descriptive grammar. Professor Higgins was mainly concerned with just one aspect of it - phonetics, or the study of speech sounds. Henry Higgins recorded the conversation of ordinary people in his notebook - this is a very accurate image of what descriptive grammar is.

And yet, for most, “speaking like a lady” means speaking correctly, as prescribed, speaking in accordance with the linguistic norm. Bernard Shaw spoke about the importance of prescriptive grammar when he wrote in the preface to Pygmalion: “The English do not respect their native language and stubbornly refuse to teach their children to speak it.” It is about the need for a prescriptive approach that Rex Harrison, who played the role of Professor Higgins in the musical “My Fair Lady,” said: “And there are places where our language has already been reduced to nothing. It hasn’t been in use in America for God knows how long!”

Why do we need to learn English grammar?

Grammar is a tool that can be used to describe any language. Grammar gives names to the words and word groups that make up sentences. Already in early childhood we learn to form sentences - grammar native language subject to everyone. Studying English at school, university, with a tutor or on the Internet, we are faced with the need to once again independently and consciously go through this path. And here we need to have an idea of the types of words and phrases and how they form sentences.

Literate people are more likely to succeed in relationships with the opposite sex
According to an online survey in which 1,700 people took part, 43% of users on dating sites consider a low level of literacy to be a significant disadvantage to attractiveness.
More than a third (35%) say literacy is sexy. The survey also showed that women are more demanding of their partner’s literacy than men (Michael Sebastian, “43 Percent of Singles Say Bad Grammar Is a Turnoff”).

Parts of speech in English grammar

Depending on their function in a sentence, words are assigned to one or another part of speech. There are 8 parts of speech in English. Just by learning their names, you certainly will not become an English grammar professor. But you will have a basic understanding of the English language and will be ready to start reading other articles on our site - and these articles will help you make significant progress in learning English grammar.

Remember: if a sentence consists of one word, only an interjection can act as that word.

Other parts of speech - nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions - appear in combinations. To understand which part of speech a word belongs to, we must look not only at the word itself, but also at its meaning, place and role in the sentence.

Let's consider three proposals:

Jim showed up for work two hours late. (Jim showed up at work two hours late).
Here work is what Jim came to work for.
He will not have to work overtime. (He will have to work overtime).
And here work is the action that Jim will carry out.
His work permit expires in March. (His work permit expires in March.)
Finally, here work denotes the attribute of the noun permit.

In the first sentence the word work acts as a noun, in the second as a verb, and in the third as an adjective.

We hope you are not confused yet? Let's see what functions the 8 parts of speech perform in English.

Part of speech	Main function
noun	names an animate object, place, or thing	pirate, Caribbean, ship (pirate, Caribbean, ship)
pronoun	replaces a noun	I, you, he, she, it, ours, them, who (I, you, he, she, it, our, their, who)
	expresses an action or state	sing, dance, believe, be (sing, dance, believe, be)
adjective	denotes a noun attribute	hot, lazy, funny (hot, lazy, funny)
	denotes the attribute of a verb, adjective or other adverb	softly, lazily, often (gently, lazily, often)
	shows the relationship between a noun (pronoun) and other words in a sentence	up, over, against, for (up, through, against, for)
	connects words, parts of complex sentences and	and, but, or, yet (and, but, or, yet)
interjection	expresses emotions	ah, whoops, ouch (ah! oh!)

NB! Articles (the, a/an) were once considered a separate part of speech. Nowadays they are more often classified as defining words or determiners.

What do we use to build proposals?

TOP 18 grammatical terms with film examples

Brush up on your English grammar with memorable quotes from your favorite movies and show off your knowledge in an interview or exam! We have compiled a “dossier” on 18 of the most common grammatical terms with rather unusual examples:

1. Active voice - Active Voice

A form of a verb that denotes an action performed by the subject (that is, the main character of the sentence, expressed by the subject). In other words, we are talking about how someone does something, produces, accomplishes something, that is, acts actively.

This construction is the opposite of the passive (passive) voice (see below).

“We buy things we don"t need, with money we don"t have, to impress people we don"t like.”

We buy things we don't need with money we don't have to impress people we don't like.

It is important to learn how to build big things from small things: to put words into correct form and combine them into phrases, arrange parts of the sentence so as to obtain a meaningful statement.

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Classmates

Friends, every language has its own basic rules regarding grammar, spelling, syntax, etc. English is no exception. On the pages of our website you can find detailed description each section of grammar, reading rules, syntactic rules, speech patterns of the English language.

In this article we will not dwell in detail on each section of the language.

Our material today is intended specifically for beginners in learning the language, for those who have taken up English from scratch. We want to introduce you to the most basic, most important and necessary rules of the English language that you will encounter everywhere while mastering this language. If you are ready, then 15 basic rules are waiting for you!

You need to know these rules!

So, dear readers, now you will get acquainted with the basic rules of English from different sections of the language. They concern grammar, speech, syntax and much more. All you need is to read the rules carefully and thoughtfully, pay attention to the examples and, of course, remember them! If you wish, you can copy this information into your English notebook or notepad. This way, you can always remind yourself of what you need in a particular exercise.

Rule #1

After modal verbs there is a particle to not used. We say:

Imust learn Englishmodalverbs. — I have to learn English modal verbs.
You should listen to your parents. “You should listen to your parents.”
May I take yournotebooktillSunday? — Can I borrow your laptop until Sunday?

And in no case do we say: must to learn; should to listen; may to take etc.

Rule No. 2

You cannot use the definite/indefinite article with a pronoun:

I love my mother. - II loveminemom.
Where is your friend now? - WhereNowyourFriend?
Yesterday I met Tom and his wife. — Yesterday I met Tom and his wife.

You can't say: the my mother or my mother; the friend or your friend. You can immediately see how absurd this looks, and even more so, how absurd it sounds. It really hurts my ears!

Rule No. 3

Adverbs of the English language (for the question “how?”) are formed according to the scheme: adjective + ending ly:

Perfect - perfect ly- excellent, wonderful, wonderful
Quick - quick ly- quickly, nimbly
Rapid - rapid ly- fast
Quiet - Quiet ly- quiet
Nice - nice ly- cute
Easy - easy ly- easily
Beautiful - beautiful ly- Beautiful

He entered the room quietly. - HequietenteredVroom.
Tom did his homework perfectly fine! - Volumedidmyhomeexcellent job (incredibly good)!
Suelooksbeautifully today. — Sue looks beautiful today.

Rule No. 4

Use PresentSimple, after unions if,assoonasbeforewhen,till,until,after,incase in sentences of time and conditions relating to the future:

When I finish school, I will go to my grandparents in the countryside. - WhenII'll finishschool, II'll goTominegrandfatherAndgrandmaVvillage.
After you study your family tree, you will find out where you descend from. - AfterTogo, HowYouyou will studygenealogicaltreeyoursfamilies, Youyou will find, fromwhomYouhappening.
Your elder brother will certainly help you if you ask— YoursseniorBrotherNecessarilywill helpyou, IfYouhisask.

Rule No. 5

The word order in an English sentence is:

Subject + predicate + direct object + indirect object + adverbial

Subject + predicate + direct object + indirect object + adverbal modifier

Isentyoualetterlastweek. — I sent you a letter last week.
I saw Mike in the club. - IsawMikeVclub.
It was sunny yesterday. - Yesterdaywassunny.

In a Russian sentence, liberties are allowed, and there is no specific word order in it, everything depends on the emotion embedded in it. In an English sentence, everything is clear and strict.

Rule No. 6

Phrasal verbs (verb + preposition) of the English language have their own separate meaning and their own translation. For example:

To look- look; to look for- search

To put- put, put; to put on- put on

Compare:

Put the plates on the table, please. - Put itplatesontable, Please.
It is cold outside; put on your coat. — OnstreetCold, put it oncoat.

Rule No. 7

The most general rule for the definite and indefinite articles in the English language: the indefinite article is placed where nothing is known about the subject; The definite article is used where something is known about the subject.

I see a The girl walking down the street is very beautiful. - II seegirl. The girl walking down the street is very beautiful.

Rule No. 8

End - ed characteristic of the past tenses of only regular verbs. Irregular verbs have a different form for each past tense. For example:

Look -looked BUT! Bring -brought —brought

Rule No. 9

There are 4 types of questions in English:

We go to the theater every Saturday. - Welet's goVtheatereverySaturday.

General(general): Do we go to the theater every Saturday? —Welet's goVtheatereverySaturday?
Special(special): Where do we go every Saturday? —WhereWelet's goeverySaturday?
Alternative(alternative): Do we go to the theater every Saturday or every Sunday? —Welet's goVtheatereverySaturdayoreachSunday?
Disjunctive(separating): We go to the theater every Saturday, don’t we? —Welet's goVtheatereverySaturday, NotSowhether?

Rule No. 10

To make an impersonal sentence, you need a pronoun It:

It is cold today. - TodayCold.
It is morning. - Morning.
It is difficult to translate this text. - Thistextdifficulttranslate.

Rule № 11

After alliances asif,asthough(as if, as if, as if, as if) in the conditional mood, verb tobe in the 3rd person singular takes the form were:

She speaks so proudlyas if she wasn't guilty. “She speaks so proudly, as if she’s not guilty.”
Tom looks as though he were rich. - VolumelooksSoas ifHerich.

Rule No. 12

Conditional incentive sentences in the 1st and 3rd person are formed using the word Let's:

Let's I have a look at these pictures. - Let me look at these photographs.
Let's him sleep, he is tired. — Giveto himsleep, Hetired.

Rule No. 13

Everyone knows what the word is many is used with countable nouns, and the word much- with the uncountable. But, if suddenly you find it difficult, doubt, forgot the rule or don’t understand what noun is in front of you, feel free to use a combination of words alotof. It applies to both types of nouns.

Many birds a lot of birds
Much sugar - a lot of sugar

Rule no.14

Many English words are polysemic, that is, they can have several meanings. It depends on the context and meaning of the sentence. To more accurately understand the translation, you should consult a dictionary and clarify in what context the word is used.

Toshoot- shoot on video; toshoot- fire
Country- country; country- village, village

Rule No. 15

Verb do can replace the main verb in a sentence. For example.

What does English grammar look like by level?

In this post we will discuss in detail what grammar is covered at different levels of learning English - from beginner to advanced. Let's see examples of this grammar and do a little test.

Just in case, let me remind you that grammar is just one aspect of language learning. Necessary, useful, yes. But far from the only one.

How nice it would be if I learned grammar and, consider myself, mastered English))

English grammar by level

You will see that the same grammar is often repeated at different levels. Read more about why this happens. In short:

not all grammatical structures are learned the first time (repetition is the mother of learning)))
at low levels phenomena are considered separately from each other, and at higher levels they are compared with each other
As the level of English improves, it turns out that each grammatical structure has nuances and subtleties, which insidious teachers are silent about for the time being, so as not to create confusion

English grammar by level - in different textbooks - it looks about the same. Therefore, I will take as a basis one of the most popular textbooks - English File.

By the way, this English grammar by levels can be a kind of test. Look at any section and see if you understand sentences with grammar examples? But - more importantly - do you use such constructions in your speech? If not, it may not be your level yet. If yes, go to the next level and do the same.

English grammar by level - a short way to the desired section:

Beginner/Starter level grammar

The Beginner level covers the basics - the simplest constructions. At the same time, they are also the most important, because all the complex grammar of higher levels will be based on them.

At this level, a lot of attention is paid to forms - again, to achieve a certain automaticity in simple things, like I am, you are, he is. Grammatical constructions at the Beginner level are mainly treated separately from each other to avoid confusion of comparisons and nuances.

What grammar pass at the level Beginner/Starter	Grammar Example

statements denial questions	I"m from Russia / You"re in class 2 / He"s 30 years old. I"m not from Moscow / You aren't late / He isn't French. Am I late? Are you from the UK? Is he French? How are you? Where is he from?
The only and plural number	a book - books a watch - watches an umbrella - umbrellas
this, these that, those	What's that? What are those?
Possessives pronouns	he - his / she - her / it - its
Possessive "s	Maria"s children, John"s birthday, my parents" car
Adjectives	It"s a fast car - This car is fast They"re expensive shoes - These shoes are expensive
statements denial questions	I have breakfast at home / She lives in a flat. I don"t go to work by bus / She doesn"t have a pet. Do you understand me? /Does she work here? Where do you live? / When does she start work?
Adverbs (adverbs of frequency)	always, usually often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
Questions with be and do	Where are you from? /Where do you live?
can, can"t	I can play the guitar / I can"t sing. / Can I park here?
like, love, hate with gerund	I like swimming / I love reading I hate doing housework
Present Continuous	I"m driving to the airport at the moment What are you doing?
There is / there are	There is a bar in this hotel but there aren't any restaurants.
Past Simple: was / were regular verbs (regular verbs) irregular verbs (irregular verbs)	I was born in 1988. Where were you at 7 o"clock last night? I arrived in Stockholm early in the morning. What time did you arrive? I bought some souvenirs. What did you buy?
Present Continuous for the future tense	I"m arriving in Venice on April 10. Where are you staying?

Elementary level grammar

The Elementary level is very similar to the previous level. I will say more, often instead of Beginner, my students and I take on Elementary right away, we just go through it a little more thoroughly.

The Elementary grammar is almost identical to the grammar of the previous level.

What grammar pass at the level Elementary	Grammar Examples

to be: am / is / are statements denial questions	My name"s Anna / You"re early / My email address is... I"m not English / It isn"t far Where are you from? / What's your phone number? How old are you?
Possessives pronouns	I - my / you - your / we - our / they - their he - his / she - her / it - its
The only and plural number	a book - books / a watch - watches an umbrella - umbrellas a man - men, a woman - women, a person - people
this, these that, those	What's this? What are these? How much is this bag? What's that? What are those?
Adjectives	It"s an empty box- This box is empty. They"re cheap / quite cheap / really cheap
Imperative imperative Let's	Open the door / Sit down / Turn off your mobile. Let's take a break / Let's go to the cinema.
statements denial questions	I wear glasses / They drink tea / It rains a lot I don"t have children / They don"t live here / It doesn't work Do you live in a flat? / Does she speak German? What time does it open?
Possessive "s Whose	Justin Bieber's sister, George Clooney's father Whose bag is it?
Prepositions of time and places	at 7am, in the morning, at the weekend, in March on Monday, at school, in the park
Adverbs	always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never every day, twice a week, three times a year
can/can't	Where can I park? / I can't hear you.
Present Continuous	What's happening? What are you looking at?
Object pronouns	I - me / we - us / they - them he - him / she - her / it - it
like/love/enjoy don't mind hate with gerund	I like / love / enjoy reading in bed. I don't mind cooking. I hate getting up early.
	Are you a fan of any band? When do you usually listen to music?
Past Simple was / were regular verbs (regular verbs) irregular verbs (wrong verbs)	Where were you? I was at a party last weekend / They were angry They chatted and listened to music. What did they do? I wore a black dress. What did you wear?
there is / there are some/any	There's a dining room. There are three bedrooms. Are there any neighbors? There are some paintings.
there was / there were	Was there a mini-bar in your room? There were 3 other guests.
Countable and uncountable nouns	an apple, a banana some sugar, some rice We need some sugar / There isn't any milk.
How much / how many a lot of, some, none	How much free time do you have? How many friends do you have on Facebook?
Comparative adjectives	A proton is heavier than an electron. Mosquitoes are more dangerous than sharks. good - better / bad - worse / far - further
Excellent adjectives	It's the longest river in the world. It's the most popular art gallery in the world.
Going to for plans	I'm going to travel round Europe.
Going to for forecasts	You're going to like it.
Adverbs	speak fast, know him well, drive carefully
Verbs with infinitive	want to talk to you, would like to learn to cook need to stop
Articles	I"m a student / It"s the oldest university in Europe.
Present Perfect	I"ve seen Harry Potter but I haven"t read the book. Have you ever eaten sushi?

Pre-intermediate level grammar

At the Pre-intermediate level they are already beginning to compare different designs among themselves and figure out the details. Why is it better to say somewhere I study economics, and somewhere - I"m studying economics.

What grammar pass at the level Pre-intermediate	Grammar Example

Word order in matters	Do you speak English? What languages do you speak? Did you go out last night? Where did you go?
Present Simple	She has a lot of hobbies. We don't get on very well.
Present Continuous	John is wearing a suit today! He usually wears jeans.
Past Simple	Where did you go on holiday last year? We went to Italy.
	When you called me, I was talking to my boss.
unions	although, but, so, because
Going to plans forecasts	What are you going to do when you leave school? We are going to be late for work!
Present Continuous for future agreements	I"m meeting Joe at 3 o"clock. When are you coming back?
Relative clauses	This is the restaurant where they make great pizza.
Present Perfect yet, just, already	I"ve just started a new job. I"ve already seen this film. / Have you finished yet?
Present Perfect and Past Simple	Have you ever been to Mexico? When did you go there?
something/anything nothing (where / one)	Did anyone phone? No, no one. Is there anywhere to park?
Comparative adjectives and adverbs	Driving is more dangerous than flying. I"m as tall as my brother. Can you speak more slowly, please?
Excellent adjectives	It's the best film I've seen this year. It's the worst meal I've ever eaten.
Quantifiers	how much / how many / too / enough
will / won't / shall forecasts, spontaneous decisions promises, etc.	Shall I open the window? You'll like it. I think I"ll go home now. I"ll always love you.
Use infinitive	Try not to talk about politics. I came to this school to learn English. Be careful not to drive too fast.
Using -ing form (gerund)	Waking up early in the morning makes me happy. He left without saying goodbye.
Modal verbs have to, don't have to must, mustn't	I have to get up at seven every day. I don't have to wear a uniform. You mustn't leave your bags here.
should	What do you think I should do? You should see a doctor.
First Conditional (first conditional)	If I miss the last train, I"ll get a taxi.
Possessives pronouns	mine, yours, theirs, ours his, hers, its
Second Conditional (second conditional)	I"d do more exercise if I had more time. What would you do if you won a million dollars?
Present Perfect for, since	How long have you lived here? I "ve known her for 15 years / since we were children.
Passive present and past	Nowadays a lot of toys are made in China. This morning I was woken up by the neighbor's dog.
used to	She used to wear glasses.
might	She might come with us, she"s not sure yet.
	into, out of, over, along, across, through
So do/am/did I Neither do / am / did I	I "m married. - So am I. I don't know him. - Neither do I.
Past Perfect	The show had already finished by the time I arrived.
Reported speech (indirect speech)	He said that he was hungry. She told me that her car had broken down.
Questions without auxiliary verbs	How many people came to the meeting? Who invented the radio?

Intermediate grammar

At the Intermediate level, they also compare already familiar phenomena with each other and, of course, study new ones.

What grammar pass at the level Intermediate	Grammar Example

action / non-action	I never cook vs What are you cooking? I have a dog vs I"m having lunch I think it "s a good idea vs I"m thinking about you
Future: will/won't going to Present Continuous	I"ll help you. Do you think it"ll rain? You"ll love this film! I"m going to buy a new car. Barcelona are going to win. They are getting married in October.
Present Perfect vs Past Simple	I"ve been to London before. He hasn"t found a new job yet. When did you go there? How did the interview go?
Present Perfect Pres. Perf. Continuous for, since	They"ve known each other for 5 years / since 2010. I"ve been studying English for 10 years. How long have you been waiting?
Degrees of comparison adjectives (comparative adj., superlative adj.)	My brother is a bit / much taller than me. This chair isn't as comfortable as that one. It's the most expensive city in the world. He"s the smartest person I"ve ever met.
Articles	I saw a nice house with a fancy porch. The porch was decorated with plants.
can, could, be able to	I can sing. I could swim when I was 4. I"ve never been able to dance. I"d like to be able to draw.
must / mustn't have to / don't have to should/shouldn't	You must wear a seatbelt / You mustn"t exceed the speed limit. Do I have to pay now? / You don't have to come. You should stop smoking / You shouldn't drink so much coffee.
Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect	When I got home, my family had dinnner. When I got home, my family were having dinner. When I got home, my family had dinner.
usually vs used to	I usually get up at 6am. I used to get up at 11 when I was unemployed.
The Passive (all times)	A lot of films are shot on location. The film is being shot. The film has been shot. The film will be shot on location.
might, must, can("t) for guesswork	She might like the idea. This must be difficult for you! You can't be serious!
First Conditional Future time clauses	The boss won't be happy if you are late for work again. As soon as you get your exam results, call me.
Second Conditional	What would you do if you met a celebrity? If I were you, I"d buy a new car.
Reported speech (indirect speech)	I asked him if he wanted to join us. She told me she had lost her wallet.
Gerund and infinitive (gerund and infinitive)	I"m not good at remembering names. I don"t mind getting up early. Shopping is my favorite pastime. I don't know what to do. My house is easy to find. Try not to make a noise.
Third Conditional	If I had known about the party, I would have gone.
Quantifiers	I eat a lot of chocolate. She earns a lot. We have plenty of time. There aren't enough parks. There's too much traffic.
Relative clauses	That's the house where I was born.
Question tags	They live in New York, don't they? You aren't angry, are you?

Upper-intermediate level grammar

By the advanced Upper-intermediate level, enlightenment usually sets in; the basics have already been covered. All that remains is to repeat them a little and move on to the interesting and subtleties of grammar.

What grammar pass at the level Upper-intermediate	Grammar Examples

Question formation (word order in questions)	Are you talking about me? What are you talking about? What time does it open? Do you know what time it opens?
Auxiliary verbs (auxiliary gverbs)	I like dogs, but my wife doesn't. - I loved the film! - So did I. - I've finished. - Have you?
the...the... comparatives	The sooner, the better. The longer you wait, the worse it gets.
Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous	She has been writing novels since she was a student. She"s written 30 novels.
Adjectives as nouns Adjective order (adjectives as nouns, adjective order)	The Chinese invented paper. The poor are getting poorer. They need to create more jobs for the unemployed. I bought a beautiful Italian leather bag.
Narrative tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous	We had been flying for about two hours when suddenly the captain told us to fasten our seat belts because we were flying into a thunderstorm. When this happened, passengers most hadn't finished their meals yet.
so...that such...that	There was so much traffic that we nearly missed the flight. It was such a great show that I want to see it again.
Position of adverbs and adverbial phrases (adverbs)	He walks slowly. I've almost finished. Ideally, we should leave at 8.
Future Perfect Future Continuous	They will have finished painting the house by Monday. Don't phone between 6 and 7, we'll be having dinner then.
Zero and First Conditionals Future time clauses	If you haven"t been to Paris, you haven"t lived. If we are lucky, we"ll have sold the house by Christmas. I"ll call you as soon as I"ve talked to the boss.
Unreal conditions	If you exercised more, you"d be much healthier. He would have died, if he hadn't been wearing a helmet.
Constructions with wish	I wish I was 20 years younger! I wish I hadn't bought this car! / If only I hadn't bought ... I wish you would stop calling me at night.
Gerunds and infinitives (gerund and infinitive)	Remember to lock the door VS I remember locking the door. I stopped to smoke VS I stopped smoking.
Used to, be used to, get used to	I used to live in the countryside. I was used to the peace and quiet. I can"t get used to the noise of the city.
must have been/done might have been/done can"t have been/done	It must have been difficult for you. They might have left. I can't have lost it.
Verbs of the senses (verbs of perception)	It smells good. It feels comfortable. You look tired. Sounds interesting.
(passive voice) + it is said that... + have something done	My car has been stolen. You can be fined for making noise. The church was being renovated when I last saw it. The criminals are believed to have fled the country. I need to have my car fixed.
Reporting verbs	He persuaded me to quit my job. She apologized for not being on time.
Clauses of contrast and purpose (subordinate clauses oppositions and goals)	I went to work even though I wasn't feeling well. Although I was tired, I didn't want to go to bed. In spite of / Despite the fact that she"s 85, she"s very active. I went to the bank in order to speak to my bank manager. I wrote it down so as not to forget.
whatever, whenever whoever	Have a seat wherever you like. Whatever happens, stay calm.
Uncountable and plural nouns (uncountable nouns and noun in multitudes. number)	I need some advice. I"ll give you two pieces of advice. It"s made of glass. Can I have a glass of water? The hotel staff is very friendly / The hotel staff are very friendly. The police are canvassing the area.
Quantifiers	All fruit contains sugar VS All the animals in this zoo look sad. She wanted to study either physics or mathematics.
Articles	My father is in hospital. They"re building a new hospital.

Advanced Grammar

What grammar pass at the level Advanced	Grammar Examples
Have - auxiliary or main verb (have like auxiliary and main verb)	Do you have any money on you? Have you got any cousins? I haven't a clue. Do I have to pay now? I need to have my eyes tested.
Discourse markers and linkers (conjunctions and connectives)	Despite / In spite of her age, she"s still very active. Despite / In spite of the fact that she"s 85, she"s very active. I keep checking my email in case there"s an urgent message.
Pronouns (pronouns)	They say it's never too late to change your life. We decorated the house ourselves.
Past events: habitual or specific Habitual and single events in the past	I"d wanted to buy a new car for a long time. I"d been saving up for 2 years and when I finally bought it, I was over the moon. I used to have a car but I don"t anymore. Every night my mom would tell me a bedtime story.
Get Values and use	Let"s get a taxi. / It"s getting dark. / He might get sacked. I need to get my passport renewed. Get Jane to call me.
Discourse markers: adverbial expressions	As a matter of fact, I don't like football. On the whole, I believe women are better drivers than men. As far as the price is concerned...
Speculation and deduction Guess and assumptions	I must have forgotten to lock the door. You might have been injured. It can't have been easy. It ought to have arrived by now.
Inversion (change order words in a sentence)	Never have I heard such a ridiculous argument. Not only is he attractive, (but) he"s also smart. Little did I know.
Distancing	It appears that the situation is going to get worse. There seems to be a mistake in the bill. There is thought to be some tension between them.
Unreal uses of past tenses	If only you hadn't forgotten the map! I"d rather you left the dog outside. It's time we stopped arguing.
Verb + object + infinitive/gerund	We expect the bus to arrive at 7. I want Real Madrid to win.
Conditional sentences + mixed conditions	They won't get a table unless they've booked it in advance. Provided the bank lends us the money, we"re going to buy it. If I"d listened to your advice, I wouldn"t be in trouble now.
Permission, obligation necessity	You don"t need to take a jacket VS You needn"t lock the car. You aren't supposed to park here.
Verbs of the senses	You seem to have made a mistake. I saw him cross the street VS I saw him crossing the street.
Complex gerunds and infinitives	She thanked him for having helped her. By the time I"m 30, I hope to have started a family.
Future plans and arrangements	My brother is due to arrive at 8. I am about to get promoted. The Prime Minister is to visit India next week.
Ellipsis	- You must see his latest film. - I already have. He did it even though I told him not to. - It wasn't my fault. - Well, if you say so...
Nouns -s" of compound nouns	I borrowed my mother's car / She's at the hairdresser's. She "s got ten years" experience. Can you remember the name of the film? I opened the car door, got in and fastened the seat belt.
Adding emphasis (gain) Cleft sentences	What I need is some rest. What happened was we left our umbrellas in the taxi. The reason why I bought it was because it was cheap.
Relative clauses	My brother who lives in Australia is a programmer. VS My brother, who lives in Australia, is a programmer. I haven't seen him for 2 weeks, which is a bit worrying.

That's all English grammar by levels.

Does English grammar really end after the Advanced level? No, of course)) If you look at the levels, there is also the Proficiency level, but the line of conversation courses really ends at the Advanced level.

Perhaps this is because:

even an ambitious user of English rarely needs a level higher than Advanced (not to mention the average learner who stays in the Intermediate area)
at high levels, people already know how to find the necessary authentic materials on their own and independently organize their training
at high levels, many people think about a more practical and targeted use of English - for example, preparation for international exams (IELTS, TOEFL and others) or specialized courses in the profession

And there are still a lot of subtleties left even after the Advanced level!

How do you like English grammar by levels?

Did you manage to determine your level with its help? Share in the comments!