Why are the Russian Marines called "Black Death"? Russian Motorized Rifle Forces Day: date, history
What does the average person know about the Marine Corps? It is clear that this is one of the most formidable units in Russia. But few people know when Marines celebrate their professional holiday. And even more so that the units themselves have a unique history with a three-fold revival.
"Black Death". "Devils in Black" These are not just bright epithets. These are nicknames that Marines received from their enemies. They exude fear and respect, unpredictability and fearlessness. After all, these warriors in black pea coats and berets are capable of delivering a crushing blow both from the sea and from the air, on land. It is customary to congratulate the Marines on the Day of Marine Corps.
Who celebrates the holiday?
The first talk about naval soldiers came in 1668. It was then that, by Decree of Peter the Great, gunners appeared on the ship “Eagle” and became full-fledged members of the team. The goal of the riflemen at sea was to capture enemy ships in boarding battles.
The need for such combat units dictated life. To ensure access to the Baltic shores, it was extremely important to liberate Lakes Peipus and Ladoga from the Swedes. To carry out such a daring plan, the emperor called on the Orsk Cossacks, who were famous for their skills in fighting on ships. But the historically important event almost fell through, as the Cossacks did not show up on time. Infantry regiments had to be urgently recruited. The warriors won, freeing the way to the Neva.
And the emperor thought about the need to create new troops consisting of naval soldiers. The first team was created in 1698, which later became the reason for the formation of Marine Corps Day in Russia. Both events are associated with the Decree on Regiments of Naval Soldiers, which was issued on November 27, 1705.
Subsequently, Russian marines took a direct part in all military operations of the 18th and 19th centuries in the sea. The conversation about amphibious assault began in 1810, when the duties of the first Naval Guards Crew were charged with conducting combat operations not only on water, but also on land. In all wars, including the Patriotic War, the Crimean War, the Russian-Turkish War, and the First World War, the Marines were active and distinguished themselves by their courage and exploits.
But unfortunately the revolution changed a lot and the naval troops were “forgotten” for a long time. The decision to revive the units was made in 1939. During the war, special brigades appeared, which included half a million fighters. Often special sailors fought battles on land. This became the reason for organizing special training for infantrymen. They learned combat operations on land with the capture and holding of positions. Marine assault brigades were even created, which took part in many military operations. They stormed Breslau and Konigsberg, captured Riga and the Kuril Islands. Troops also landed in Korean ports.
However, for unknown reasons elite troops by the 60s they ceased to exist. The idea of the need for such strategically important troops was prompted by information about the number of marines of a potential enemy. The United States at that time numbered up to 200 thousand soldiers in its ranks. Therefore, in 1963, a decision was made to recreate such parts.
In July, the Bialystok Guards Regiment was formed, which became the first unit of this nature. Today, Marines are considered the elite of the fleet. These are the only formations capable of landing on land both from sea and from air. They lead great fighting, regardless of the situation and conditions.
The ranks of the Marines are not that numerous. Only about 12,500 soldiers will celebrate Marine Corps Day in 2016. This is the number of units today. Veterans and retired officers will certainly receive congratulations on Marine Day. Their names are well known in active units.
History of the holiday
The history of the Marine Corps goes back 300 years, despite periodic eclipses. However, the professional holiday appeared only in 1995 in December. The corresponding order was signed by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.
The date of Marine Corps Day, when all the guys in black pea coats celebrate their professional day, was timed to coincide with the first formation of Peter the Great’s “regiments of naval soldiers.”
It is this event that officers, veterans and cadets remember, raising their glasses to festive tables. And a lot more interesting stories sounds. After all, the Marines have something to be proud of, and the exploits of their brothers have entered the legendary victorious history Russian army.
The holiday of soldiers of the seas takes place in a solemn atmosphere. Relatives and friends gather to congratulate the sailors who are capable of fighting on land. The leadership necessarily notes the good service of the soldiers associated with certain difficulties and obstacles. Distinguished soldiers receive awards and thanks, and the officers invariably wait for new stars, which, according to custom, will be washed.
Modern Marines
The motto of the Russian marines is always unchanged: “Where we are, there is victory.” They are used to fighting to the last. There is no option to retreat from the ship. That’s why sailors fight even on land like it’s the last time.
However, not everyone can become a Marine. The fighters of this type of troops are excellent swimmers, inimitably conduct hand-to-hand combat, parachute jump and scuba dive. They are also familiar with “ordinary” naval service.
Sailors in pea coats and caps with machine gun belts at the ready are a symbol of the steadfastness and courage of the Russian fleet. Modern Marines have special training; they know how to conduct combat operations like an amphibious assault force. Their responsibilities include the defense of facilities located on the coast. They protect not only military bases, but also strategically important areas. Soldiers also take part in the capture of important points on the coast with the preparation of areas for the landing of the main landing force.
The revived units required a new approach, new technology. And she inevitably appeared. The capabilities of the military equipment that units use today are striking in their versatility. She can swim and remains combat-ready in stormy conditions. Even with 4 points, such equipment covers up to 5 kilometers. Self-propelled ferries, tanks and armored personnel carriers, Nonas are used for landing troops both far from the coast and with an emphasis on solid ground. For this purpose, special landing ships with opening bow doors have been built, which are capable of moving up to 80 units of military equipment and a battalion of Marines.
Particularly notable are floating “monsters” such as “Moray eels” and “Squid”, which are equipped air cushions, which makes 75% of the sea coast accessible. Modern Mi helicopters are used to disembark sailors from the air.
The main combat unit of these units remains the Marine himself, despite the modern equipment of military equipment and the presence of signalmen, sappers, and logistics personnel in the units.
An infantryman from the seas is easily recognized by his uniform. The presence of a black beret and jacket, a naval vest and straight-cut trousers clearly indicate that the fighter belongs to the naval elite. What the sailors had to come to terms with were tarpaulin boots, which are an integral attribute infantry.
Today, each Russian fleet has its own marine formations. They are capable of fighting at sea, in the air, and on land. They are even familiar with the tactics of urban combat, which was used during the assault on Grozny, in which soldiers from the sea took part.
Many operations carried out by the Russian army in various hot spots were successful, and marines took direct part in them.
Congratulations to the soldiers of the seas
Your glorious exploits, Marines, are written in golden letters in the history of the Russian army. You are the elite and pride of our fleet. You are always ready to overcome any dangers and adversities. But may your service be easy, and may the enemy never encroach on your native shores. We wish you perseverance, courage and self-confidence on your professional holiday.
For the soldiers of the seas, no adversity is scary. They feel like a resourceful fish in water, like a swift bird in the air, like a fast lynx on land. On the November holiday, we say words of congratulations, words of admiration and pride to the soldiers who are capable of conducting military operations in any conditions. And we wish you faith in yourself, support from friends and love from your neighbors.
We congratulate the infantrymen
On this day everyone gathered.
Not ordinary soldiers, the elite,
Smile with us.
You are not just sushi fighters,
You are sea wolves.
Congratulations from the bottom of my heart,
Let's drink a glass of vodka.
All military personnel have their own professional holidays - Artilleryman's Day, Tankman's Day, Border Guard Day, etc. Men who are lucky enough to serve in the Marine Corps also have such a holiday. This is Marine Corps Day, which is celebrated on November 27th.
The history of the holiday
Marine Corps Day was timed to coincide with the date of Peter I signing the decree on the formation of the first regiment of naval soldiers in the Baltic Sea - November 27, 1705. This happened after the battle with the Swedes, in which the Russian army won. Although in fact, the day of the Marine Corps, that is, the day when the first team of Marines in the Russian army was formed, was much earlier. The team was formed from the crew who served on the ship "Eagle" in 1698. And already in 1712, five battalions replaced the regiment of naval soldiers. Since then, the Marines have carried the military glory of their troops. Not a single naval battle took place without the participation of these valiant warriors. How many lines were taken thanks to the strength and courage of the Marines!
"Black Berets" - the elite of the military forces
And today, marines honorably bear the title of elite of the Russian army. They can fight both on land and at sea, together with amphibious assault forces or independently. Over time, Marine troops began to include large number individual units and units. In particular, they include tank, engineering, and artillery units. Marines undergo special military training. Such military personnel are distinguished by their endurance, are fluent in army hand-to-hand combat techniques, and can short terms accept right decisions and implement them in practice. In annual international reviews, our marines receive only highest marks, which once again confirms the status of the elite of the military forces of the Russian Federation. Marine boys participate in peacekeeping military operations in hot spots of the world.
Holiday of Marines in Russia
Russian Marine Corps Day has been celebrated since 1996 by order of the Commander-in-Chief. The celebrations are large-scale and very beautiful. “Black Berets” demonstrate their skills in hand-to-hand combat and reveal some secrets of military skill. Of course, it cannot do without spectacular elements of military operations. The results of the past year are also summed up, the best military personnel are awarded, and new goals and objectives are set. Congratulations on Marine Corps Day come from the commanders of the troops, as well as from the Minister of Defense and the President of the country. On their holiday, military personnel congratulate each other and remember departed comrades, whose names will forever remain in memory and on the lists of personnel of marine brigades. And on Marine Corps Day, each of us once again has a reason to thank these courageous warriors guarding our borders. Being a Marine is prestigious. Many young men want to serve in these troops. But for this with youth it is necessary to play sports, because only strong guys are accepted into the “black berets”.
Marine Corps Day in Russia is celebrated annually on November 27. The holiday was established by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Russian Federation dated July 15, 1996 "On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty."
The prototype of military formations similar to the Marine Corps first arose in England in 1664. In Russia, the formation of the Marine Corps as a branch of the naval force occurred during the Northern War with Sweden (1700-1721). The date of its creation is considered to be November 27 (November 16, old style) 1705, when Peter I issued a decree on the formation of a “regiment of naval soldiers” to serve in boarding and landing teams.
Initially, the marines were used to conduct rifle fire on the crews of enemy ships, boarding combat and guard duty. She received her first baptism of fire in 1706 in the Vyborg Bay during the capture of the Swedish boat Espern in a boarding battle. She also distinguished herself in the Battle of Gangut in 1714.
The marine boarding and landing teams were subordinate to the ship commanders, and in matters of special combat training, to the chief of the squadron marine corps. After the end of the campaign, the teams were united into their battalions, underwent combat training and performed guard duty at the base.
At the end of the XVIII - early XIX century, due to changes in the nature of wars and the methods of conducting combat operations by fleets, the Russian marine corps was reorganized several times. During this period, it was considered primarily as a combat branch of the military, intended for landing operations.
Detachments of the Russian Marine Corps participated in Russian-Turkish wars the end of the 18th century, in the Mediterranean campaign of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov (1798-1800), during the war of Russia as part of the second coalition against France, when, as a result of landing operations, the Ionian Islands were liberated from the French, the considered impregnable fortress Corfu, central and southern Italy liberated, Naples and Rome occupied.
Formed in 1810, the naval guards crew, the only part in the history of the Russian fleet that represented both a ship's crew and an infantry guards battalion, took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. Operating on the land front, it partially performed some of the functions of the Marine Corps, namely, it established crossings over water barriers, destroyed enemy crossings, etc. In 1813, parts of the Marine Corps were transferred to the army department and lost contact with the fleet. After this, for almost 100 years there were no large full-time marine formations in the Russian fleet.
During the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856, the defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855) required a large number of naval rifle units from the fleet, once again confirming the need for the marine corps, whose formations were urgently formed from ship crews.
The question of forming permanent units of the Marine Corps was raised in 1910. In 1911, the Main Naval Staff developed a project for the creation of permanent infantry units in the main fleet bases: an infantry regiment of the Baltic Fleet, a battalion of the Black Sea Fleet and a Vladivostok battalion. In August 1914, three separate battalions were created in Kronstadt from the personnel of the Guards Fleet Crew and the 1st Baltic Fleet Crew. At the same time, the formation of naval battalions of the Black Sea Fleet began.
All formations of the Marine Corps, according to their purpose and the nature of the tasks performed, were divided into two types: units intended for land fronts, and units and formations of the Marine Corps operating in naval theaters.
Permanent Marine units served in World War I (1914-1918) as well as the Civil War (1917-1922). After graduation Civil War they were disbanded again.
In the summer of 1939, a separate special unit was formed as part of the coastal defense of the Baltic Fleet. rifle brigade, which took part in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. In May 1940, it was reorganized into a special marine brigade.
The marine corps received further development during the Great Patriotic War(1941-1945). With the outbreak of hostilities in fleets, flotillas and naval bases, the formation of brigades and battalions of marines began, which were staffed from the personnel of ships, coastal units and naval units. educational institutions. They were intended primarily for conducting combat operations in coastal areas, primarily in amphibious and anti-amphibious operations. In total, during the Great Patriotic War, 21 brigades and several dozen separate regiments and battalions of the Marine Corps operated in various sectors of the Soviet-German front. Marine units took part in the defense of Moscow, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Odessa, Sevastopol, the Arctic, Stalingrad (now Volgograd) and others. They influenced the rear and flanks of enemy groups, diverted their significant forces, and assisted the troops striking on land. In August 1945, the Marines landed at the ports of Korea, South Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. In total, during the Great Patriotic War, the Marine Corps participated in more than 120 landings. The enemy called the Marines the "Black Death".
For their heroism during the Great Patriotic War, dozens of Marine Corps units were awarded Guards titles and honorary titles. Tens of thousands of marines were awarded orders and medals, more than 150 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1956, during the reorganization of the USSR Armed Forces, the marine corps units were disbanded, but already in 1963, in accordance with the increased tasks being solved by the USSR Navy, marine corps units were again formed on the basis of the motorized rifle regiments of the ground forces. First Guards Regiment Marine Corps appeared in the Baltic Fleet. In the same year, a marine regiment was formed in the Pacific Fleet, in 1966 in the Northern Fleet, and in 1967 in the Black Sea Fleet. Soon, a marine division was deployed on the basis of the Pacific Fleet regiment. In 1979, individual regiments of the remaining fleets were reorganized into brigades.
The Marine Corps carried out numerous combat services in the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean, off the west coast of Africa, and participated in local conflicts of the times. cold war- for example, in Angola, Yemen and other distant approaches to the borders of the USSR.
After the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the first half of the 1990s, the Marine Corps was transferred to a new organizational structure. The essence of its transformations was to give greater independence to units and units when performing tasks in isolation from the main forces.
In the 1990s, units and units of the Marine Corps took part in hostilities in the North Caucasus. For courage and heroism, more than 20 marines were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, about five thousand were awarded orders and medals.
The modern marine corps in the Russian Navy includes formations and military units of the Pacific, Northern, Baltic, Black Sea fleets and the Caspian flotilla. All units and subunits belong to permanent combat readiness formations, are maintained in wartime staff, and are recruited on a contract basis and by conscription. At their disposal are floating military equipment, portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems and automatic small arms.
Marines serve on board warships of the Russian Navy in the far ocean and sea zones. As part of anti-terrorism units, they participate in long-distance voyages of warships of the Russian Navy and successfully complete tasks during international and naval exercises.
The motto of the Marines is “Where we are, there is victory!”
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
(Additional
The Marine Corps in all centuries is the pride of the armed forces of any state, a symbol of its power and invincibility. Images of the first marines can be seen on ancient Greek and Roman bas-reliefs telling about the famous naval battles Ancient Times. The Carthaginians were very skilled warriors and sailors, who could instantly board any ship. In the Middle Ages, the world was conquered by the brave Scandinavian Vikings: they were responsible for many of the largest amphibious operations of the Middle Ages. Of course, the British Marines, whose history begins in the 16th century, have and still have unique experience and tactics in conducting battles at sea.
Marine Corps in Rus'
In the Russian army, a marine corps unit was formed in 1705, by decree of Peter the Great on November 27. Therefore, for Marine Corps Day in modern Russia this date was chosen. Without a doubt, the marines of Peter the Great's era played a huge role in the fact that Russia ceased to be a closed state. Largely thanks to them, the “window to Europe” was finally opened. After Peter I's victory over the Swedes in 1709, the small naval unit grew into a regiment, which soon became the basis of the Baltic Fleet. Since then, the Marine Corps has repeatedly defended the interests of our Motherland.
Marines took part in such major battles, like Borodino, fought to the death during the Second World War, in post-war period were involved in major international military operations. Of course, people of this courageous profession deserve their holiday. And it’s great that they have it!
Russian Marine Corps Day, history and traditions
Marine Corps Day in Russia was established relatively recently, only in 1996. By decree of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy dated July 15, Infantryman's Day is celebrated annually on November 27. Marines are the elite of the Russian armed forces, so their unit always hosts lavish and ceremonial events on November 27th.
Of course, on November 27, the Navy command congratulates its soldiers and rewards those who have especially distinguished themselves with medals, orders, and valuable gifts. This day marks the assignment of new titles, promotions military service. Ceremonial events take place at the highest government level and in all regiments and divisions of the Russian Marine Corps.
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