Disappeared villages of the Ivanovo region. Large and small nations in the Ivanovo region

history of the Ivanovo region of darkness, history of the Ivanovo region of Ukraine

• 1 From ancient times to the 18th century
• 2 Formation of the Ivanovo textile region in the 19th century
• 3 Years of Soviet Power
• 4 Notes
• 5 Links

From ancient times to the 18th century

Before the Slavic colonization, Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the territory of the modern Ivanovo region, from which numerous names of local villages remain - Purekh, Palekh, Landeh, Sezukh, Lukh, Lyulekh. VIII-XI centuries The Slavs began to develop the northeastern outskirts of future Rus'. The most ancient cities The regions are Plyos, founded in the 12th century, and Yuryevets, founded in the 13th century. The first administrative-territorial formations in the region were the Shuya, Paletsk and Ryapolov principalities formed in the 14th century.

In 1778, during the reign of Catherine II, as a result of administrative reform, the territory of the modern Ivanovo region was divided between the Kostroma (Kineshma and Yuryevets districts) and Vladimir (Shuisky district) provinces. This type of territorial division lasted until 1918.

Formation of the Ivanovo textile region in the 19th century

Fedorovskaya st. in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, beginning. XX century

Since ancient times, the Ivanovo region has been one of the centers of weaving and flax processing in Russia. Already in the first third of the 19th century, Ivanovo and the surrounding villages, as well as the district towns of Shuya and Kineshma, firmly established their reputation as a textile region. The region produced most of Russia's cotton products and was compared to England, which at that time was famous for its textiles. At the largest fairs, a “special row” is created, called the Ivanovo row. By the end of the 19th century, as a result of the rapid development of industry after the emancipation of the peasants in 1861, a number of large economic regions. One of them was the Ivanovo-Voznesensky industrial region, covering the northern industrial districts of the Vladimir province and the southern industrial districts of the Kostroma province.

In 1871, the village of Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad received the status of a county-free city called Ivanovo-Voznesensk. At the time of its formation, there were 48 factories and plants employing over 10 thousand workers. In 1871, textiles accounted for 18 percent of the total number of enterprises located in the Ivanovo region, but they concentrated more than 80 percent of the workers and produced almost 90 percent of industrial output. A significant part of the remaining enterprises were closely connected with the main textile industry: they produced equipment, dyes and other products necessary for the production of fabrics. For the period 1867-1913. V textile industry Territory there was a reduction in the number of enterprises from 357 to 243. At the same time, the number of workers employed in them increased from 62 thousand to 260 thousand, or more than 4 times. The growth of large industry was facilitated by wide application steam engines. The first steam engines appeared in Ivanovo in 1832, in Shuya in 1846.

The process of industrial concentration and the use of steam engines contributed to the formation and consolidation of industrial centers. By 1879, such centers in the Ivanovo region were the cities of Ivanovo-Voznesensk (49 enterprises), Shuya (38), Kineshma (4), the villages of Teykovo (4), Kokhma (9), Yakovlevskoye (5), Rodniki (4) and a number others, whose enterprises were closely connected with the textile factories of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The development of the textile industry was also favored by good transport conditions. The Volga, Oka and Kama rivers connected the region with the grain-producing southeast, the mining Urals, with the center of Russia, with the Baltic and Caspian seas. 60s years XIX century was built railway, which gave Ivanovo-Voznesensk transport access to Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, and Kineshma. As a result, the region's industry received even greater opportunities for obtaining raw materials and exporting products to markets. Ivanovo-Voznesensk grew quickly.

Already by 1900 there were 59 industrial enterprises, and the number of workers reached 27 thousand people. The development of the cotton, metalworking, chemical, and engineering industries made Ivanovo-Voznesensk production center large textile region.

Map of the Ivanovo Industrial Region. 1935

After the October Socialist Revolution on June 20, 1918, by resolution of the board at people's commissar By internal affairs The Ivanovo-Voznesensk province was approved with its center in the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk as part of the territories determined by the III Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Kineshma region.

The newly formed province included:

• from the Kostroma province - the entire Kineshma and Yuryevets districts and twenty volosts of the Nerekhta district;
• from the Vladimir province - Shuisky district in its entirety, nine volosts of Suzdal and seven volosts of Kovrovsky districts.

This act administratively united an economically homogeneous region with an industrially developed and strong center - the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The creation of a new province immediately gave a powerful impetus to the development of the region.

Relying on the acquired provincial status, from the end of 1918 the Ivanovo residents gradually began to restart shutdown factories and establish food supplies for the starving population. The formation of an independent province made it possible in 1920-24 to completely restore the economic potential of the region.

In 1918-1920 a polytechnic institute and an institute were opened in Ivanovo-Voznesensk public education, local history museum, public library, House of Education Workers, socio-economic technical school, row secondary schools, healthcare institutions. The powerful potential of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province was maximally used to carry out the industrialization of the country in the late 20s and 30s.

In January 1929, after the liquidation of the provinces, Ivanovo became the center of the new Ivanovo industrial region, which united the territories of the former Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces.

In 1932, in the city of Vichuga there was a strike and a riot of workers dissatisfied with the sharp reduction in food rationing standards for bread. The strikers, having seized the building of the city party committee, the OGPU and the post office, announced the overthrow Soviet power. Troops were sent to suppress the rebellion, and several hundred workers were killed during the fighting.

On March 11, 1936, the Ivanovo Industrial Region was separated from Yaroslavl region, and the remaining part was renamed Ivanovo region.

In August 1944, from the composition Ivanovo region Kostroma and Vladimir regions were allocated.

Throughout its history Ivanovo region remained a typical industrial formation. In the 1950s and 1960s, mechanical engineering and other industries developed rapidly. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Ivanovo was the center of the Upper Volga Economic Council, a large regional economic association in the northeast of the European part of Russia.

Modern borders Ivanovo region acquired in 1994 after the transfer of the Sokolsky district to the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Notes

1. "Prices and Riots". Magazine "Ogonyok" No. 44, October 29 - November 4, 2007
2. How were collective farm markets opened thanks to the riot?

Links

• History of the region on the website of the Government of the Ivanovo region
• History of the Ivanovo region on the site "Local History"

Ivanovo region
	Administrative center: Ivanovo Cities: Vichuga | Gavrilov Posad | Zavolzhsk | Kineshma | Komsomolsk | Kokhma | Navoloki | Plyos | Privolzhsk | Puchezh | Springs | Teykovo | Furmanov | Shuya | Yuzha | Yuryevets Municipal-territorial division: Urban districts: Vichuga | Ivanovo | Kineshma | Kokhma | Teykovo | Shuya Municipal districts: Verkhnelandekhovo | Vichugsky | Gavrilovo-Posadsky | Zavolzhsky | Ivanovsky | Ilyinsky | Kineshemsky | Komsomolsky | Lezhnevsky | Lukhsky | Palekh | Pestyakovsky | Privolzhsky | Puchezhsky | Rodnikovsky | Savinsky | Teykovsky | Furmanovsky | Shuisky | Yuzhsky | Yurievetsky Articles: Geography | Coat of arms | Anthem | Story| Population | Administrative division | Flag

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history of the Ivanovo region in, history of the Ivanovo region of Kazakhstan, history of the Ivanovo region of darkness, history of the Ivanovo region of Ukraine

History of the Ivanovo region Information About

IVANOVSKAYA REGION is a subject of the Russian Federation.

Located in the center of the European part of Russia. It is part of the Central Federal District. Area 21.4 thousand km2. Population 1087.9 thousand people (2007; 1288 thousand people in 1959; 1297 thousand people in 1989). The administrative center is the city of Iva-no-vo. Administrative-territorial division: 21 districts, 17 cities, 14 urban villages.

Is-to-ri-che-sky essay

The oldest archaeological monuments on the territory of the modern Ivanovo region date back to the meso-li-tu (but-to- Sky kul-tu-ra) and yes-ti-ru-yut-sya around the 7th millennium BC. e., but are there any pa-leo-li-tic monuments in neighboring territories? -to tell earlier about the appearance of people here too. In the Neolithic, on the basis of these traditions, the Upper Volga culture arose, which was replaced by Lya-loving. Skaya kul-tu-ra and ba-lah-ninskaya kul-tu-ra, later - Vo-lo-sovskaya kul-tu-ra. In the Bronze Age, the newcomers of the Fat-ya-nov-kul-tu-ra spread here, then - the Aba-shev-skaya kul-tu- ra. Based on the Vol-Lo-Sov, Abashev and Fat-Ya-Novo traditions of the so-called for-mi-ru-yut-sya. fat-i-no-id-ancients (the territory of the Ivanovo region is included in the area of ​​the Chir-kov culture). In the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. e. here-yes about-no-ka-yut but-si-te-li late-nya-kov-sky culture. As a result of the syn-those of local and foreign traditions at the end of the bronze age, warehouses tech-stylish ke-ra-mi-ki kul-tu-ra, the development of which lasted in the early days of the iron but ve-ka. On its basis, by the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. in the Upper Volga region, which includes the Ivanovo region, one of the variants of the Dyakov culture was formed. The continuation of these traditions is associated with the for-mi-ro-va-nie of me-ri and mu-ro-we, remember-ki-ko -those on the territory of the Ivanovo region date back to the second half of the 1st - beginning of the 2nd millennium AD. e.

Since the middle of the 10th century, glory has appeared on the territory of the Ivanovo region. Their earliest memorials are known in the south-west of the Ivanovo region and are most likely connected with Suz-dal -sky opol-em. The supply of the Upper Volga region mainly came from the Novgorod land, in the Ki-nesh region we traced the influence the glory of the Finnish-no-Ugricians from the basin of the Klyaz-ma River, to the Yur-e-vets section - Pu-chezh new na- the whole thing came, probably, along the Volga from the City of Ra-di-lo-va. By the XII-XIII centuries, the local village was famous, and its culture became part of the ancient Russian The modern territory of the Ivanovo region is the outskirts of the Vla-di-mir-of the great prince-st-va, on the ru-be-same XII-XIII centuries, the most ancient cities arose here - Plyos and Yur-e-vets. IN XIV-XV centuries The Vol-zhye became part of the Mo-s-cov-go-prince, during this period a per- high mo-na-sty-ri - Ma-ka-ri-ev-Reshem-sky, Ni-ko-lo-Shar-tom-sky, etc. In the 15th-16th centuries, the territory under -ver-ga-lass Kazan-skih khans on-be-gam. In 1410, the Grand Duke of Moscow Va-si-li-em I Dmit-rie-vi-chem brought to the fortress of Plyos, restored Yury- e-vets. By 1429, the first mention of the cities of Lukh and Kinesh-ma was made, by 1539 - of Shuya. During the reign of Ivan IV, Va-sil-e-vi-cha Groz-no-go territory of the Ivanovo region entered op-rich-ni-nu. In the 16th century, the lands here were ruled by the princes of Shui-sky, Bel-sky, Me-zetsky, Barya-tinsky, in the 17th century - by the princes of Cher-kas- skies, Po-zhar-skies, Go-li-tsy-nys, palaces of Push-ki-ns (in front of A.S. Push-ki-na near the village of Lezh-above-le-zha-lo -no-in).

In the autumn of 1608, in the course of Re-chi Po-spo-li-that in-ter-ven-tion of the 17th century, a number of po-la-kov and “tu-shin” -tsev" - sto-ron-ni-kov of False Dmitry II - for-grabbing Gav-ri-lov-skaya Slo-bo-du (now not the city of Gav-ri-lov Po-sad ), city of Plyos, village of Iva-no-vo. In February 1609, detachments formed in Ki-nesh-m under the leadership of the local vo-vo-da F. A. Bo -bo-ry-ki-na, carried on-la-kam and “tu-shin-tsam” near the village of Du-ni-lo-vo. In May of the same year, Ki-nesh-ma was ra-zo-re-na from the house of A.I. Li-sov-skogo.

At the end of 1611, in the village of Mug-ree-vo-Nikol-skoe (now the Yuzh-sky district of the Ivanovo region), the birth of Prince D. M. Po-zhar-sko- oh, did the slates arrive from Nizhny Novgorod, including K. Mi-nin, there was time to co- the saying that Pozharsky led the Second Militia of 1611-1612. In the spring of 1612, the residents of Yur-ev-tsa and Ki-nesh-we joined the militia, and also provided him with help day-ha-mi.

Not-pl-do-ro-die-ze-mel you-well-yes-lo-kre-st-yan for-no-mother-xia with various re-mes-la-mi - forge-nech-nym, gon- charming, leathery and sheep-colored craft. The same kind of trade developed. The main transport ports of the ar-ter-ri-mi re-gios were the rivers Vol-ga, Te-za, Nerl, Lukh, Uvod, along which in the 17th century century, a “flowing course” was implemented. Until the mid-19th century, one of the main ports was the city of Plyos on the Volga River. Through the Gav-ri-lov-skaya slo-bo-du, the village of Lezh-no-vo, the town of Shuyu and Lukh pro-ho-di-la one of the important su-ho-puts - roads of Russia - Stro-mynsky trade tract. After the race in the Russian Orthodox Church in the Volga region, numerous villages of old-rites arose.

In accordance with the provincial reform of 1708, Shuisky and Lukh districts became part of the Moscow governor -nii, Ki-ne-shem district - as part of the Ar-khan-ge-lo-city province. Since the beginning of the 18th century, textile production has developed, the main raw material for which was flax grown in the region. The first tech-stylish ma-nu-fak-tu-ra arose in the village of Kokh-ma around 1720 and under the Dutch pro-mys-len-ni-ku Ya. Ta-me-su. Tek-stylish ma-nu-fak-tu-rs were from-the-same merchants Dirty-but-you and Ta-la-but-you in Ki- nesh-me, Khol-sche-vi-ko-you-mi, But-with-you-mi, Shi-lo-you-mi, Kor-ni-lo-you-mi in Shuya, Ka-ret-ni- ko-you-mi in the village of Tey-ko-vo. They were made of linen fabrics (including for the ob-mun-di-ro-va-niya of the army) and pa-ru-si-na for flo- ta.

Since 1778, the northern and eastern parts of the modern Ivanovo region have been included in the Kost-Rom province, the southern and western parts - the Vladi-Mir province. ber-nii. In the first third of the 19th century, American cotton began to be used in the local textile industry. A significant part of the industrial population was located in the villages (Bo-nyach-ki, Vi-chu-ga, Na-vo-lo-ki, Rod-ni-ki, Te-zi-no, Tei-ko-vo, Se-re-da, Yuzha), located near large factories, on which I worked hard and was not.

In the second half of the 19th century, the Shui-sko-Ivanovo railway was built, as well as the Alek-san-drov - Iva-no-vo-Voz-ne line Sensk (1872-1896), Ne-rekh-ta - Se-re-da (1898), Yur-ev-Pol-sky - Tey-ko-vo (1899), etc.

During this period, the largest enterprises appeared in the factories of Ka-ret-ni-ko-vykh (Shui district), Der-be -nyo-vykh (Kov-rovsky and Shui-sky districts), Kra-sil-schi-ko-vykh (village of Rod-ni-ki of Yur-e-vets-ko-go district), Ko-no -va-lo-vykh (Bo-nyach-ki village and Ka-men-ka village of Ki-ne-shem-skogo district). Many textile-stylish enterprises were joint-stock companies. Partnership ma-nu-fak-tour A. Ka-ret-ni-ko-voy with son-new-ya-mi (os-no-va-but in 1877) vla-de-lo sit-tse-na- biv-noy (opened in 1787), bu-ma-go-spin-dil-noy (early 1800s) factory-ri-ka-mi in Shui district, near the village of Tei-ko -in; Partnership of ma-nu-fak-tu-ry brothers G. and A. Gor-bu-no-vykh (1882) - ma-nu-fak-tu-roy for the production of yarn (1826), weaving (1869) and spinning (1892) factory near the village of Se-re-da in Ne-rekht district (now Fur-ma -nov-skaya spinning-but-weaving factory No. 2). Partnership ma-nu-fak-tour N. T. Der-be-nyo-va sy-no-vya (uch-dir-de-no in 1887) vla-de-lo sit-tse-na-biv-noy (1837), linen (1892), weaving (1893) and spinning (1897) factory, race-based-women-now mi in Kovrovsky and Shuisky districts. Partnership ma-nu-fak-tour A. Kra-sil-schi-ko-voy with sons-new-ya-mi (os-no-va-but in 1894) under-le-zhal tech-style- ny complex of a full cycle: red-and-white (1820), weaving (1860s), spinning (1898) factory ri-ki, in 1918 on their os-no-ve ob-ra-zo-va-na Rod-ni-kov-skaya ma-nu-fak-tu-ra “Bol-she-vik” (since 1928 Rod-ni-kovsky me-lan-vyy com-bi-nat “Bol-she-vik”; ni-ki-Tek-style"). The largest was the partnership of ma-nu-fak-tur Iva-na Ko-no-va-lo-va with his son (established in 1898), vla. -dev-neck complex of enterprises in the factory villages of Bo-nyach-ki and the village of Ka-men-ka, in 1913 its main capital amounted to about 7 million rubles.

In 1914, at the enterprises of the region there were 154.9 thousand workers, including 151.3 thousand people in textile from races. In-du-st-riyu from-li-cha-la high concentration of production [at the Kra-sil-schi-ko-vyh factory in Rod-ni- kah ra-bo-ta-li 8.2 thousand people, at the Skvortsov factory in Se-re-de - 6.5 thousand people, at the Ka-ret factory niko-vyh in Tey-ko-ve (founded-no-va-na in 1787) - 6 thousand people].

After the February Revolution of 1917, Councils were created in the main industrial centers, at the head of which were more -ki. At the end of October 1917, power passed to them peacefully, because the lesser-vi-ki, Socialist-Revolutionaries and other parties influenced the environment. di na-se-le-niya did not use. On June 20, 1918, the Iva-no-vo-Voz-ne-Sen-skaya province was created. During the Civil War of 1917-1922, its territory was not subject to large-scale military confrontations -mi, act-st-vo-va-li from a number of “green” - peasants, not-free-by-Soviet power. The industry of the province in 1918-1920 was pre-kra-ti-la ra-bo-tu, because the main raw material - cotton from Central Asia - was not supplied, assigned to the RSFSR. Factory villages were pre-ob-ra-zo-va-ny in the city: Se-re-da, Tei-ko-vo and Rod-ni-ki (1918) , Vi-chu-ga, Yuzha and Kokh-ma (1925), etc. The development of folk crafts: in 1934 in the village of Kho-lui na-cha- la ra-bo-tat ar-tel hu-dozh-ni-kov-mi-nia-tyu-ristov, what was the matter with the art of Kho-lui-skoy -nia-tu-ry.

In 1929, the territory of Iva-no-vo-Voz-senskaya province in conjunction with the new paradise-oni-ro-va-ni-em of the USSR was included in the composition of the Ivanovo industrial muscle region. 03/11/1936 on its territory of the self-sufficient Ivanovo region (including the 3rd district of Vladimir province and 7 districts of Kos-Rom province). It was divided into 19 districts.

In the years of in-du-st-ria-li-za-tion, many enterprises re-con-st-rui-ro-va-ny, among them - the Southern cotton-cha -bu-maz-naya factory (1850s, now not part of the Yuzhskaya Spinning-Weaving Factory company) "); New Iva-no-vo-Voz-ne-sen-skaya ma-nu-fak-tu-ra (os-no-va-na in 1840 as a factory-ri-ka Z.L. Ko-kush- ki-na, in the 1950-1990s no-si-la name N.A. Zhi-de-le-va).

In 1944, part of the territory of the Ivanovo region (with the cities of Alek-san-drov, Vla-di-mir, Vyaz-ni-ki, Go-ro-kho-vets, Gus-Khrus-steel-ny, Ka-ra-ba-no-vo, Carpet-ditch, Kol-chu-gi-no, Stru-ni-no, Su-do-gda, Suz-dal, Yur-ev- Polish) transfer to the newly formed Vladimir region.

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Text content of presentation slides: Cultural and spiritual development of the Ivanovo region in the 14th-16th centuries. The first monasteries In the 14-15 centuries, monastic monasteries were founded in the Ivanovo region: Svyatoezerskaya Hermitage (Yuzha) Founded by Metropolitan Cyprian (Bulgarian by nationality) Macarius Reshem Monastery (Reshma village) 1425 - founded Nikolo-Shartom Monastery Merits of Metropolitan Cyprian He introduced a unified charter of worship; At the direction of Cyprian, a chronicle was compiled major events, occurring in Rus' at that time Ivan Dmitrievich Pozharsky During the Time of Troubles, his father, Dmitry Pozharsky, vowed to build a monastery near Kholuy in the event of the liberation of the region from Polish invaders. For some reason I couldn’t do this myself, but I.D. Pozharsky founded the Nikolo-Borkovskaya hermitage there. Holy People of the Region. Tikhon Lukhsky (secular - Timofey) arrived in Moscow together with Prince Belsky, fleeing from the Catholics. I traveled to the monasteries of our region, but did not stay in any of them. Finally. He settled near the village of Kopytovo (near Lukh) and founded a monastery here. Icon of Our Lady of Shuya Smolensk. In 1654-1655, an epidemic raged in Shuya, claiming the lives of thousands of people. Local icon painter Gerasim Tikhonov painted the icon. After she was brought into the temple, the epidemic stopped. Later, this icon performed hundreds more miracles. The icon saved people until the beginning of the 20th century, and then was lost. Nikon's reforms. In the mid-17th century, Patriarch Nikon introduced church reform, rewriting the New Testament. Many did not agree with the innovations in religion. The opponents of Nikon's reform were called Old Believers. The Old Believers are widespread in the Ivanovo region. In Kineshma it is Kapiton Kolesnikov, near Yuryevets it is Archpriest Avvakum. They urged people not to go to church, not to read new divine books, they were opponents of the tsar. Architectural monuments Temples of Vladimir and Suzdal built before the invasion of Batu (13th century) St. Nicholas Cathedral and Kazan Church in Vvedenye, Shuisky district. (17th century) Resurrection Church in Lukha (17th century) Assumption wooden church in Ivanovo (17th century)

Attached files

One of the main socio-economic trends in the 17th century was the significant strengthening feudal land tenure. On the one hand, the lands of the boyar-princely nobility expanded, on the other, the small and medium-sized landholdings of the nobles, to whom the first Romanovs distributed lands quite generously, increased. Among the titled patrimonial owners of our region, it should be noted the princes Golitsyn, who owned the settlement of Kholui; Cherkassky, who owned the villages of Ivanovo, Vasilyevskoye, Nizhny Landeh. The village of Lezhnevo in the 17th century belonged to the Pushkins, the ancestors of the poet; its owners were successively Gavrilovich, Matvey Stepanovich and Fyodor Matveevich Pushkins. The latter, at the end of the century, took part in Colonel Zikler’s conspiracy directed against young Peter I, and was executed; it was about these events that the poet wrote: “...My ancestor did not get along with Peter and was hanged by him for that” (in fairness, let us clarify that F M. was not hanged, but beheaded).

Along with the nobility, who owned tens and hundreds of thousands of serfs in different parts of Russia, the local noble stratum grew and strengthened. A typical representative of it was, for example, Danila Zmeev, to whom Vasily Shuisky granted the large village of Kuznetsovo (Shuya district) for the “Moscow siege”; the Kashintsov nobles, who had estates in the vicinity of Shuya, belonged to the same category of medium and small landowners.

Monastic land ownership acquired significant proportions. As before, as in the previous century, dozens of villages and hamlets in the region belonged to the rich Suzdal Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery. Numerous monasteries located within the present Ivanovo region owned arable land, mowing, and fishing: Vorobyovsky (the village of Dunilovo, Shuisky district), Nikolo-Pischugovsky (Komsomolsky district), Nikolo-Borkovsky (near the village of Kholuy), etc. Note that the last of them was founded by one of the sons of D. M. Pozharsky at the request of the commander himself. The richest of the local monasteries was Nikolo-Shartomsky during this period; it owned 1,470 peasant souls in the modern Shuisky district, and such salt pans were near the city of Nerekhta.

In addition to privately owned and monastic lands in our region there were also palace lands, which were controlled by the king himself. They covered almost the entire Yurievetsky and Puchezhsky districts, the palace villages were Dunilovo (Shuisky district) and Gari ( Ilyinsky district). These lands supplied everything necessary for the royal court. Thus, the quitrent sent from Dunilov to Moscow included honey, wax, pickles, nuts, meat, fish, mushrooms, cloth, canvas, fur coats and much more. The king made land donations from the palace fund. In 1685, Dunilovo and its surroundings were given to the boyar Fyodor Abramovich Lopukhin, whose daughter Peter I married. He was very generous. 56 villages and hamlets, in which there were 1,660 peasants, passed into the hands of Lopukhin. The palace department also owned a stud farm in Gavrilova Sloboda. There is an assumption that in the 17th century it was one of the largest stud farms in Russia. The surrounding villages and villages of Yaryshevo, Zakomelye, Shekshovo and others were assigned to it; their peasants were supposed to supply the state horses with fodder. The plant also owned extensive meadows along the Irmes and Voymiga rivers.

The administrative division of the region in the 17th century was significantly different from the modern one; the boundaries of the 17th century had nothing to do even with the division

XVIII and XIX centuries. The main administrative unit at this time was the county. The central and western regions of the region, as well as the Yuzhsky, Pestyakovsky, and Verkhne-Landekhovo districts were part of the Suzdal district, the eastern ones - in the Yuryevetsky district, and the northern ones - in the Kostroma district. There were also small Kineshma, Lukh and Shui districts. The districts were divided into camps, in particular, the outskirts of Ivanovo were included in the Talitsky camp, the Yuzhsky district in the Starodubo-Ryapolovsky camp.

During the period under review economic life important changes were taking place in the region - an all-Russian domestic market began to form. A more or less distinct specialization of various regions in the production of certain types of agricultural or handicraft products arose. A natural consequence of this was intensive trade exchange between individual regions; in this regard, fair trade increased significantly in the 17th century.

The Zamoskovny region, which included the territory of the modern Ivanovo region, was not distinguished by soil fertility, and the harvested crops often could not feed the growing population for a year. Therefore, for many peasants additional source existence became crafts. Often peasants completely abandoned the land and lived only by handicraft labor; such farming was called “uncultivated”. There were entire villages where the population did almost nothing agriculture. In the village of Ivanovo in 1630, out of 89 peasant households, 73 were uncultivated, and according to the 1667 census, out of 312 households in the same village, only 38 were listed as “arable.” The first evidence that textile production developed in Ivanovo dates back to the end of the 17th century. This is a petition from Ivanovo peasant Trifon Grigoriev from 1691, who complained that in Kholuy during a fair he was robbed and “stole” 12 rubles from him, which he earned for the “linen trade.” Fabric production was also developed in the village of Teykovo. This can be seen from a document from 1672, which says that paint was purchased for Teykovo residents at the Makaryevskaya fair; undoubtedly, it was intended for dyeing fabrics. In the vicinity of Shuya - in the villages of Dunilovo, Afanasyevsky, Vasilievsky, they tanned leather, sewed sheepskin coats, sheepskin coats, mittens, and it was in connection with this that the largest local feudal lord - Prince Shuisky - received the nickname “fur coat maker”.

In the cities, the craft also became increasingly widespread. The pride of the Shuyans was soap production; in the 17th century in Shuya there were 11 “soap breweries”, 16 tanneries (the word “factory” here should mean a craft workshop), 14 rawhide factories, 7 furriers, 4 glove factories and 4 copper boiler factories, 11 forges, there was also “icon-painting skill.” At the same time, Shuya was not very different large sizes among neighboring cities. Thus, according to the 1681 census, there were 203 households here, in Vladimir - 400, in Suzdal - 515.

They sold handicrafts both at all-Russian fairs - Makaryevskaya, Irbitskaya, etc., and at local ones. Among them, the most famous were the Trinity and Borisoglebsk fairs in Shuya, fairs in the villages of Vvedenye, Dunilovo, Pistsovo, Kholui. An extensive guest courtyard was built especially for trade in Shuya. Local and visiting merchants and artisans traded here. Among them there were many Ivanovo residents; on this occasion, a certain Luchka Yalagin (probably the manager of the estate) informed his owner, Prince Cherkassky, that peasants from Ivanovo “often go to Shuya with Volochat’s comrades.” In Shuya, the Cherkasy princes had a special siege (that is, exempt from various duties and fees) courtyard, probably established for those Ivanovo residents who came here on trade matters.

An excerpt from the customs book of the city of Yuryev-Polsky testifies to what could be bought at the Shuya Gostiny Dvor. It says that the Yuryev peasant brought from Shuya 90 sieves, 180 matting, 50 bags, 100 wooden stakes ( wooden utensils). Here you could buy food supplies and pets. The geography of Shuya's trade relations was extremely wide; there was even a shop of an English trading company in the Gostiny Dvor.

As a rule, goods were exported outside our region along the Volga through Kineshma, Plyos, and Yuryevets. There was also commercial shipping along the Teza River. It has been known since 1611, when a decree was issued to collect duties from ships traveling up the Teza to Shuya with goods. Teza in the 17th century was much fuller than now; large ships - barges called “tezyankas” - could pass along the river. A charter from 1686 from Tsars Peter and Ivan and Princess Sophia was preserved, where it was forbidden to block the Teza River with mill dams to the detriment of shipping. Merchants from our region transported goods to very remote areas. In the customs books of the cities of Veliky Ustyug and Totma, traders from Kineshma and Reshma were mentioned in the 17th century. Kineshma merchants penetrated with their goods into Siberia. Traders also carried goods abroad; in a document of 1654, “Kostromitin Ivashko” and “Kineshemets Mikitka” are mentioned, who went to trade in Tilyan” and “Kizilbash cities”, i.e. to Persia.

In the 17th century, feudal oppression intensified significantly, and the final enslavement of the peasants took place. This gave rise to a series of popular uprisings unprecedented in scale - peasant uprisings under the leadership of I. Bolotnikov and S. Razin, urban uprisings of the mid-17th century. There were no such large public protests in our region. The most common forms of protest among peasants and townspeople were escapes and petitions. The fugitives most often went into bands of bandits who attacked rich people and robbed them. Ancient acts and legends of the 17th century are replete with references to “robberies” and “theft” in the vicinity of Shuya and the village of Ivanova, and in other places in our region.

Peculiar shape social protest there was a split that arose after church reform Patriarch Nikon (1608-1681). The religious shell of the Old Believers largely hid people's dissatisfaction with feudal exploitation and tyranny secular authorities. One of the most prominent ideologists and leaders of the schism, Archpriest Avvakum Petrovich (1620-1682), was associated with our region. In 1652, he held a priestly position for two months in the city of Yuryevets. The schismatic teaching was actively promoted in the second half of the 17th century in the region of Kineshma, Reshma, and Yuryevets. Here the monk Kalita Kolesnikov and his student Podreshetnikov created groups of their adherents. They convinced people not to go to church, not to pray to official icons, not to listen to priests. An Old Believer community also existed in the village of Ivanovo. This is evidenced by a document dating back to the 60s of the 17th century - the “report” (denunciation) of a certain elder Serapion “against new heretics, godless hermits and lying teachers,” where local schismatics are denounced. As is clear from this document, schismatic ideology took extreme forms in Ivanovo; not only the official church was denied, but also tsarist power.

The cultural heritage left to us from the 17th century is relatively poor. In our region there were no large administrative, commercial, industrial and religious centers, such as neighboring Kostroma, Vladimir, Suzdal,. There are no architectural monuments built before the 17th century in the region, and those that date back to this century are few in number. Among them, a special place is occupied by the complex of buildings of the Nikolo-Shartomsky Monastery near the village of Vvedenye, Shuisky district - St. Nicholas Cathedral, built in 1651, and the Kazan Church (1678). Of great interest are also the Resurrection Church (1680), standing in the center of the village of Lukh, and two Trinity churches (winter and summer) in the village of Pistsovo. In the same century, such monuments as the Assumption Church and the Shchudrovskaya Tent were erected in Ivanovo. The Assumption wooden church, located at the beginning of Frunze Street, was originally located on the territory of the Intercession Monastery, which stood in the 17th century on the site of the modern Palace of Arts on Pushkin Square. It was then moved from place to place twice until it was placed where it is currently located. As for the Shchudrovskaya tent, in the 17th century it served as the patrimony office of the princes of Cherkasy, from here the prince’s governors ruled the village and surrounding villages that were part of the princely patrimony. The tent got its name from the local peasant Shchudrov, who at the beginning of the 19th century adapted the building into a workshop for finishing fabrics.

In the 17th century, icon painting became widespread in our region. Its centers were not only the well-known villages of Palekh and Kholui, but also the cities of Kineshma and Shuya. Many icons, made by skilled craftsmen, were real works of art. However, most of them were written using templates and were designed for the mass consumer. Hundreds and thousands of them were bought by peasants and townspeople. A document from 1688 stated: That “in a certain village of Suzdal district, also called the village of Kholui, villagers paint icons without any reasoning or fear.” This indicated that the “bogomaz” did not always adhere to strict church canons in their craft. Icons made in our region were sold at local fairs and exported beyond its borders. A charter from 1650 reported that peasants from the outskirts of Shuya regularly went “on a walk to the Ukrainian cities to change icons.”

Quote by: Baldin K. E., Ilyin G. V. Ivanovo region in the history of the Fatherland. – 2nd ed. add. – Ivanovo, 1998. – P. 16 – 20.

Slide 2

The first monasteries

In the 14th-15th centuries, monastic monasteries were founded in the Ivanovo region: Svyatoezerskaya Hermitage (Yuzha) Founded by Metropolitan Cyprian (Bulgarian by nationality) Macarius Reshem Monastery (Reshma village) 1425 - Nikolo-Shartom Monastery founded

Slide 3

Merits of Metropolitan Cyprian

He introduced a unified rule of worship; At the direction of Cyprian, a chronicle of the most important events taking place in Rus' at that time was compiled

Slide 4

Ivan Dmitrievich Pozharsky

During the Time of Troubles, his father, Dmitry Pozharsky, vowed to build a monastery near Kholuy if the region was liberated from Polish invaders. For some reason I couldn’t do this myself, but I.D. Pozharsky founded the Nikolo-Borkovskaya hermitage there

Slide 5

Holy people of the region.

Tikhon Lukhsky (secular - Timofey) arrived in Moscow together with Prince Belsky, fleeing from the Catholics. I traveled to the monasteries of our region, but did not stay in any of them. Finally. He settled near the village of Kopytovo (near Lukh) and founded a monastery here.

Slide 6

Icon of Our Lady of Shuya Smolensk.

In 1654-1655, an epidemic raged in Shuya, claiming the lives of thousands of people. Local icon painter Gerasim Tikhonov painted the icon. After she was brought into the temple, the epidemic stopped. Later, this icon performed hundreds more miracles. The icon saved people until the beginning of the 20th century, and then was lost.

Slide 7

Nikon's reforms.

In the mid-17th century, Patriarch Nikon introduced church reform by rewriting the New Testament. Many did not agree with the innovations in religion. Opponents of Nikon's reform were called Old Believers. Old Believers are widespread in the Ivanovo region. In Kineshma it is Kapiton Kolesnikov, near Yuryevets it is Archpriest Avvakum. They called on people not to go to church, not to read new divine books, and were opponents of the king.