Simple and nominal predicate. Predicate

Composite verbal predicate(GHS) consists of two parts:

A) auxiliary part
b) main part(indefinite form of the verb - infinitive) expresses lexical meaning.K composite Verbal predicates include predicates expressed by the personal form of the verb and the adjacent infinitive. The real meaning and the grammatical meaning are presented separately in such a predicate. The infinitive, which contains the real meaning, can be combined with verbs denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action, as well as modal verbs denoting intention, expression of will, ability, predisposition, desire, etc. The first group includes verbs such as begin, begin, become, accept (in the meaning of “begin”), continue, finish, stop, quit (“in the meaning of “finish”); to the second group - verbs want, wish, be able, be able, intend, contrive, unlearn, be able to, prepare, dream, hope, fear, etc. Examples: 1) Oganesyan began to call out the prisoners one by one (Cossack.); He rushed to disarm (Shol.); Parabukin did not eat (Fed.); the whole world(Gr.); Sometimes the head refused to think for two (Gonch.).

Compound verbs also include predicates with a phraseological combination in place modal verb; in the second part of such a predicate an infinitive is used. For example: burning with desire to see, having the intention to relax, expressing consent to come, etc.

Instead of a modal verb in a compound verbal predicate, a predicative adjective can be used, to which an infinitive is adjacent. These are adjectives like: glad, willing, intends, must, ready, capable, willing. For example: He is ready to wait; The student is able to learn everything.

A compound verb predicate can be complicated by a third component. Such predicates are not fundamentally distinguished from compound verbs and differ only in a certain increase in meaning. Most often, these are predicates that combine a verb in the personal form and two dependent infinitives. Verbs in the finite form (the same as in predicate compounds) indicate the beginning, continuation or end of an action or have modal meanings. Composite component such a predicate can also be a predicative adjective.

As a rule, a three-member verbal predicate combines a modal verb and a verb indicating the beginning, continuation or end of an action (one of them in the infinitive form), for example: wanted (want) to start studying; decided to start treatment, hoped to quit smoking; could (can) start singing; I wanted to start running, but I couldn’t. In place of the verb in the personal form there can be a predicative adjective: ready to start studying; I'm glad to quit smoking, but I can't; I agree to stay and work. The attribution of combinations of verbs such as decided to start learning, promised to stop looking for to compound predicates is questioned by some linguists; it is proposed to divide such a combination into two predicates: the main and the secondary infinitive type. However, such three-term verbal combinations must be approached differentially, that is, the degree of lexical significance of the verbs in these combinations must be taken into account. If the main meaning of the predicate is conveyed only by the last infinitive, and the first two verbs denote only the beginning, end, continuation of an action in combination with the meanings of will, possibility, impossibility of action, desirability or inclination, then such predicates should not be divided, since ultimately they mean one action or state: I want to start studying, I couldn’t start running; if both infinitive verbs in a three-member combination designate independent, separately existing actions, then the first two verbs should be considered the predicate, and the third should be considered a secondary member of the sentence (adverbial or complement).

a) auxiliary part – bunch(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) main part – nominal part(name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

Nominal the predicate consists of a verbal connective in the personal form and a nominal part. The link can be of three types: 1) distracted is the verb to be in various forms tense and mood; the connective is called abstract because it has a purely grammatical meaning and is devoid of material content, for example: The voice of a stranger was heard less and less often (Paust.) 2) half-distracted , or semi-nominal, is a verb with a weakened lexical meaning; such a verb conveys grammatical meanings(tense, mood), connecting the predicate with the subject, in addition, this verb introduces partial lexical meaning into the predicate - naming, transition from one state to another, etc., for example: I have now become the most humble person (T.) ;; 3) significant , or real, is a verb that fully retains its lexical meaning, denoting a state, movement, etc., for example: No one is born a hero, soldiers mature in battle.

Such full-valued verbs are included in the predicate along with nominal forms and only for this reason are conventionally considered connectives. Essentially, these verbs, while fully retaining their lexical meaning, are not grammaticalized and express an independent attribute of the subject. It is not for nothing that A. A. Shakhmatov considered predicates with such verbs to be double.

Linking verbs of the third group can be freely used as independent predicates: return, come, return, be born, leave, live, stand, lie, sit, die, work, stay.

As a result of the presence of a linking verb and a nominal part, the predicates are called composite : the grammatical meanings of such a predicate are contained in the connective (to be; to be called, to become, to become; to begin, to end, to seem, to have; to come, to return, to stand, to live), and the material meanings - in the nominal part.

If the predicate has the meaning of the present tense, the abstract connective is may be absent; the predicate in this case is called either a simple nominal or a compound with a zero connective, for example: The cabman is a small daring. The role of a predicative connective can be performed by demonstrative particles this, that means, that means. The predicate can also be attached to the subject with the help of comparative words as, as if, as if, exactly, as if.

Composite nominal predicate may be complicated by a third component - in this case it consists of a predicative adjective, a connective and a nominal part: You must be our first playwright(Fed.)

All nominal parts of speech (noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral) can act as a nominal part of the predicate.

1. Noun as a nominal part it is usually used in the forms of the nominative or instrumental case: Daughter Marina was high dark-skinned ( Tannery). The creative predicative is a developing, active form. This form is gradually replacing the nominative predicative. Both forms are now distinct semantically and stylistically. The nominative denotes a constant, stable attribute; it is usually used in a predicate without a connective, conceivable in the present tense: Brother is a teacher, I am an engineer. When related to the plane of the past, such a nominative is perceived as archaic: Of course, we were friends(L.). A temporary, non-permanent attribute is conveyed more often using the instrumental case form:... Already in the Ogonyok Grove becomes Fire(Kr.). Nominal part can be expressed by a noun in the genitive case, for example: Philosopher Khoma Brutus was of a cheerful disposition(G.). The peculiarity of such a predicate is that the range of words that can act in this function in the form of the genitive case is limited and the predicate itself always has the meaning either qualitative characteristics, or an internal state, and with a genitive name an adjective is necessarily used, which contains an indication of a qualitative attribute: Hands were plump, small, but impeccable form(Cossack.). The genitive case of a name can have the meaning of relation or belonging (in this case, the adjective is not necessary): Whose stroller? my master(L.). The genitive case of a name with a preposition can also be used as a nominal part of the predicate, for example: And they say - lilies odorless(Fed.).

2. The adjective as a nominal part of the predicate is used in full and short forms, in the forms different degrees. For adjectives full form characteristic of both nominative and instrumental cases. For example: Mysterious and therefore beautiful dark thickets of forests (Paust.)\

3. The nominal part can be expressed communion : short and complete, passive and active. For example: Her eyebrows were shifted (T.); The tea stood untouched(Adv.). The full participle can also be in the instrumental case: Glasses of tea stand untouched ( S. - Sh.).

4. Various are used as the nominal part of the predicate. pronouns : personal, possessive, interrogative-relative, demonstrative, attributive, negative and indefinite. Forms of both nominative and instrumental cases are possible. For example: Is it you, You Is this Rudin? (T.); - She my!- he said menacingly. Like nouns, pronouns can act as predicates in the forms of different cases with prepositions, representing free nominal combinations or combinations of a phraseological type, for example: You can live with me while the house follow me(Fed.).

5. The nominal part can be expressed numeral name or quantitative-nominal combination . For example: It [building] it was two floors(G.), Twice two is four.

Simple predicate

Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in any mood:

Wind sways grass
Sun disappeared behind the cloud.
I I'll go to the forest.
He I would go to the city.
you to me write letter immediately!
In the shadows for a long time was heard whisper.

Compound predicate

Compound predicate can be verbal or nominal. It consists of two parts: a copula and a verbal or nominal part.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verbal predicate consists of a copular part and an indefinite form of the verb. Answers questions: What does it do? what to do? what did you do? The ligamentous part can be:

phase verb (start, continue, become, quit);
modal word (wants, ready, forced, maybe unable).

He wants to enroll to the institute.
I'm long couldn't with them meet.
You must study.
I was unable to think about this.

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that consists of a nominal part and a linking verb.

The most commonly used is the linking verb be, are less commonly used, but other linking verbs are also possible.

The connective in the sentence can be omitted.

When parsing, the predicate is indicated by two horizontal lines.

The nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed in different ways:

adjective: weather was good;
noun: book - faithful Friend;
comparative degree of an adjective: he has character harder steel;
short version of the passive participle: grass beveled;
short adjective: evening quiet;
adverb: error was obvious;
numeral: twice two - four;
pronoun: this notebook my;
syntactically integral phrase: he sat in a puddle;
phraseological unit: he was the talk of the town.

Also in the example:

the weather was good;

Weather - what did you do?- was - which?- good.

Notes

Literature

Russian language. Textbook for 8th grade educational institutions. S. G. Barkhudarov, S. E. Kryuchkov, L. Yu. Maksimov, L. A. Cheshko and others. 28th ed. - M.: Education - JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005-2008 pp.: ill. - ISBN 5-09-013740-4

Links

Arutyunova N. D. Predicate // Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary, M., 1990
Website about the Russian language - predicate (Russian)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Synonyms:

See what “Predicate” is in other dictionaries:

PREDICATE, predicate, cf. 1. One of the two main members of a sentence, containing a statement, making the expression of a thought complete (gram.). A simple predicate. Compound predicate. In the sentence plant works, the word works is the predicate. 2... Dictionary Ushakova

Predicate, word. Ant. subject, subject Dictionary of Russian synonyms. predicate adj. predicate Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012… Dictionary of synonyms

- (predicate) one of the main members of a sentence. In a two-part sentence, the predicate relates to the subject and expresses its actions, properties, states... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PREDICATE, wow, cf. In grammar: the main member of a sentence, denoting the attribute of the subject, named in the subject, and together with the subject forming the grammatical basis simple sentence. | adj. predicate, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Predicate- PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1. psychological S. or S. (predicate) of a judgment is what is thought about the subject of the judgment or the so-called. psychological subject (see Subject), i.e. that representation that ... Dictionary of literary terms

The main member of a two-part sentence, grammatically dependent on the subject, denoting the active or passive attribute of the subject that is expressed by the subject. Simple verb predicate. Compound verb predicate. Nominal compound... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Predicate- The predicate is one of the two main members of the sentence in which what is being communicated is expressed; correlates with the subject and is connected with it by a predicative relation (see Predicate, Sentence). The dominant element (usually a verb) of the predicate composition (predicate ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

The main member of a sentence, meaning an event. Expressed by a verb (simple verbal predicate), as well as a noun, adjective, adverb (compound nominal predicate); Wed: He is sad/He is sad/It was a good year. Compound verb... ... Literary encyclopedia

Wow; Wed Linguistic One of the two main members of a sentence, denoting the action or state of the subject expressed by the subject. Subject and p. Simple, complex c. Verb p. ◁ Predicate, oh, oh. With oh meaning. Usage of the word... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

predicate- The main member of a two-part sentence, correlative with the subject, grammatically subordinate to it. The formal dependence of the predicate on the subject is manifested in the predicative connection: So the moon has risen. The ideal means of expressing the predicate is... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Books

Set of tables. Russian language. Grammar. 22 tables, . Educational album of 22 sheets. Art. 5-8682-022. Connection of words in a phrase. Types of simple sentences. Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members. A dash between the subject and...

In this article we will talk about the types of predicates, dwell in detail on the compound nominal and its connectives, and give examples.

As you know, the grammatical basis of the entire sentence is made up of the predicate and subject - the main members. The predicate usually agrees in person, gender and number with the subject. It expresses the grammatical meaning of the indicative, imperative or conditional mood.

3) compound nominal predicate (see examples below).

They are divided according to two principles. The types of predicates are classified as follows:

In the first case, types such as simple and compound are distinguished. The latter includes compound nominal and verbal predicates. Based on the second principle, nominal and verbal are distinguished. The nominal part of a compound predicate can be expressed as an adjective, noun and adverb. These divisions intersect. Thus, a verbal predicate can be compound or simple, but a nominal predicate is always compound.

A simple verbal predicate, the definition of which, as you will see, has some nuances, expresses the verb in conjugated form, that is, used in the form of the mood (indicative, conditional or imperative). It also includes those options that do not have a formal indicator of tense, mood and subordination to the subject. These are truncated forms of the verb (grab, push, bam, etc.), as well as the infinitive used in the indicative mood. In addition, a simple verbal predicate can be represented by a phraseological phrase, as well as a conjugated form of the verb + a modal particle (come on, yes, let, let, as if, it was, as if, exactly, as if, just, etc.)

As already mentioned, the nominal type is always compound, including those cases when it is represented by only one word form. Despite the fact that there is only one word expressing it, such sentences contain a compound nominal predicate. We give the following examples: “He is young. He is worried about his work and worries.”

Such predicates always have two components. The first is a copula that expresses predicative categories of time and modality. The second is the connecting part, it indicates the real main content of this type of predicate.

The doctrine of the copula in the Russian science of syntax has been developed in detail. The peculiarity of the traditional approach is that this term is understood broadly. Firstly, the copula is the word “to be”, the only meaning of which is to indicate tense and modality. Secondly, it refers to verbs with a modified and weakened meaning to one degree or another, which express not only predicative categories, but also put material content into such a predicate.

Compare examples: he was sad - he seemed (became) sad - he came back sad.

In the first sentence, the connective “to be” is abstract, it is a function word, a formant, which has grammatical forms of tense and mood, which is characteristic of a verb. However, it is not a verb, since it does not have a procedural action or attribute, as well as the category of aspect that any of them possesses.

Other examples present connectives of a different type—nominal and semi-nominal. The latter introduce the meaning of the emergence of a sign (to become/become), its preservation (to remain/to remain), external detection (to appear/to appear), to the inclusion of an external carrier (to be known/to be known, to be called, to be considered) into a compound nominal predicate.

The following examples can be given: he became smart - he remained smart - he seemed smart - he was known as smart.

Denominative connectives are verbs with a definite, specific meaning (mostly denoting movement or being in a particular state). They are able to attach to themselves either a noun in the etc. with the meaning of a qualitative characteristic, or an adjective in the form T.p. or I.p.

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate with significant connectives can be given as examples:

The connective “to be,” being abstract, does not have a present tense form in the indicative mood, therefore its expression in this mood is the very absence of the connective. Such sentences, oddly enough, also have a compound nominal predicate. Examples:

The verb “to be”, which has two meanings, should be distinguished from the copula:

1. To be present (We were in the theater. There were many performances at that time).

The words “essence” and “is”, which go back to the third person present tense forms of the verb “to be”, in modern language are considered in official words, namely, particles.

The absence of a connective is called its zero form. This definition was formulated by A. M. Peshkovsky; it was the first attempt to study syntactic phenomena in a paradigmatic aspect. Introduction this concept means that syntactic construction(that is, the predicative basis of some nominal two-part sentence) is studied not as such separately, but in a certain series. The following examples illustrate this:

We looked at such types of predicates as simple verb and compound nominal. Let us now dwell in more detail on the compound verbal predicate. It includes two components - the infinitive and the conjugated verb form. The last one grammatical form and by lexical meaning expresses the temporal, modal and aspectual characteristics of some action, which is indicated by the infinitive. The infinitive can be attached to verbs belonging to several semantic groups (wanted to work, started working, came to work, forced to work).

A compound predicate, according to grammatical tradition, is not any combination with the infinitive of the conjugated form. In order to be able to talk about it, two requirements must be met:

1. The infinitive in such a predicate does not denote any action, but only a certain substance, the same as the conjugated verbal form, that is, some object called the subject.

The following examples can be given. On the one hand, he wanted to work, he started working, he can work, he knows how to work. On the other hand, his parents forced him to work, everyone asked the girl to sing, the boss ordered him to complete the task. In the first case, in which compound verbal predicates are presented, the infinitive is usually called subjective, since it denotes the action of some substance, the same as the conjugated verbal form. In the second case, there is an objective infinitive, which is traditionally not included in the compound predicate, but is spoken of as a secondary member.

2. When determining the boundaries of a compound predicate, one should take into account the nature of the semantic relationship between the infinitive and the conjugated verbal form. The infinitive with the meaning of purpose is not included in it. It has this meaning with various verbs of motion: I came to work, I came to chat, I came running to find out, I was sent to find out. The infinitive of the goal (which can be, as is clear from the examples, both objective and subjective) is a minor member. Only compounds of the infinitive with verbs that are the most abstract in meaning (with modal and phase verbs) should be considered compound predicates.

The compound verbal predicate is thus understood as a designation of an action, some procedural feature, which is characterized in aspectual (started to work) or modal (wanted to work) terms, or simultaneously in both of them (wanted to start working).

We examined the main types of predicates, dwelling in detail on the compound nominal and the various connectives that are present in it. It's just brief overview this topic, more detailed information can be found in any grammar textbook in the section on syntax.

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has the meaning expressed in questions: what does the item do? what's happening to him? what is he like? what is he? Who is he?

The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).

Simple verb predicate. Compound verbal predicate - SGS. Compound nominal predicate - SIS

Simple verb predicate (PGS)

Ways to express a simple verbal predicate

A gloomy morning is coming.
It was a gloomy morning.
Sergey will enter drama school.
He would gladly go to the village.
Write down your homework.

3. Interjections verb forms(truncated verb forms like bam, grab, jump)

4. Phraseological phrase with the main word - a verb in conjugated form

The team won the championship.
He's chasing the quitter again.

5. Verb in conjugated form + modal particle ( yes, let, let, come on, come on, it was as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just etc.)

Let me go with you.
Let him go with his father.
May you have sweet dreams.
He started to walk towards the door, but suddenly stopped.
The room seemed to smell of smoke.
He seemed petrified with fright.
He almost died of grief.
He just did somersaults, trying to make the audience laugh.
He was almost crazy with joy.

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (tense and mood) are expressed in different words. Lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (tense and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He started singing(PGS). – He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). – He was sick for two months(SIS).

A compound verb predicate (CVS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part (verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) the main part (infinitive form of the verb) expresses the lexical meaning.

GHS = auxiliary verb+ infinitive For example: I started singing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

The auxiliary verb must be lexically incomplete, that is, it alone (without an infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a minor member of the sentence.

The action of the infinitive must relate to the subject (it is a subjective infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

Wed:
1. I want to sing. I want to sing– compound verbal predicate ( I want - I, sing will – I).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested– simple verbal predicate, sing- addition ( asked - I, sing will - she).

Compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part – bunch(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) main part – nominal part(name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

Examples: He was a doctor; He became a doctor; He was sick; He was sick; He was wounded; He came first.

Verb be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or possessing:

Verbs become, becomes, turn out to be etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a denominator, because usually such verbs are independent predicates (cf.: He was sitting by the window). If a verb becomes a connective, its meaning becomes less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( He sat tired; more important is that he was tired, not what He sat and not stood or lying).

For the combination “nominal verb + name” to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sat tired - He was tired; He was born happy - He was happy; He came first - He was first;

He sat tired - He was tired; He was born happy - He is happy; He came first - He is the first.

If a verb has dependent forms of a full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question Which?), then this is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). Parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

2) short adjectives and participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate;

3) nominative and instrumental cases – the main case forms of the nominal part of the predicate;

4) the nominal part of the predicate can be expressed as a whole phrase in the same cases as the subject.

1. The short form of an adjective and especially a participle is mistaken for a verb, so the predicate is mistakenly considered a simple verb. To avoid mistakes, put the predicate in the past tense: the suffix -l appears in the verb, and a short adjective or participle will have the connective was ( was, was, were).

For example:
He is sick(PGS). – He was sick ;
He's sick(SIS). – He was sick ;
The city is taken(SIS). – The city was taken .

2. A short neuter adjective (the nominal part of the predicate) is confused with an adverb ending in -o. To avoid mistakes, pay attention to the form of the subject:

if there is no subject (one-part sentence), then the nominal part of the predicate is an adverb.

if the subject is an infinitive, a feminine noun, masculine, noun in plural, then the nominal part of the predicate is an adverb:

Living is good; Life is good; Children are good;

if the subject is a neuter noun, change the number of the subject or substitute another subject - a feminine or masculine noun: the form of the adverb will not change; the ending of the short adjective will change; You can also replace a short adjective with a full one.

Wed: The sea is calm(SIS; the nominal part is expressed by a short adjective). – The river is calm; The seas are calm; The sea is calm).

3. The nominal part of the predicate, expressed by a full adjective, participle, ordinal number, is mistakenly parsed as a minor member - a definition. In order not to make a mistake, pay attention to which word starts the question which? to this name.

If the question is posed from the subject or object, then this is a definition.

Wed: She had red(which?) dress ; red- definition.

If the question Which? is placed from a verb, then this is the nominal part of the predicate.

Wed: Her dress was(which?) red ; red– the nominal part of the predicate.

If there is no verb in the sentence, then pay attention to the word order:

the attribute usually comes before the subject noun.

the nominal part of the predicate usually comes after the subject noun.

4. The nominal part of the predicate, expressed by a noun or pronoun in the nominative case, is often confused with the subject. It is especially difficult to distinguish between the subject and the predicate if both members are expressed in the nominative case.

To distinguish between the subject and the predicate, expressed in the nominative case, consider the following:

However, in Russian the predicate can also precede the subject.

the demonstrative particle this stands or can be placed before the predicate:

Moscow is the capital of Russia; The capital of Russia is Moscow; Ivan Ivanovich is a good person.

Please note that in sentences like: This is good; This is my brother – This is the subject expressed demonstrative pronoun in the nominative case;

the subject can only be expressed in the nominative case form; The predicate has two main case forms - nominative and instrumental cases. If you put the connective be in the past tense ( was, was, was, were) or the copula appear, then the form of the nominative case of the predicate will change to the instrumental form, and for the subject it will remain the same.

Wed: Moscow was the capital of Russia; Moscow is the capital of Russia; Ivan Ivanovich was a good man; Ivan Ivanovich is a good person.

Indicate the type of predicate.
Indicate how the nominal part is expressed, in what form the linking verb is.

Fine Fine expressed by an adverb; grammatical connective be

Came first– compound nominal predicate. Nominal part first expressed by an ordinal number in the nominative case; significant copula came expressed by a verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.

Average height– compound nominal predicate. Nominal part average height expressed as a whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case; grammatical connective be– in zero form; the zero copula indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

> Read also other topics Chapter 1 “The grammatical basis of a sentence”:

> Go to the table of contents of section 1 “Simple sentence” of the book “Russian language course. Syntax and punctuation"

Compound nominal predicate (grade 8), along with the subject, is one of the main members of the sentence. As you know, there are three types of predicates: simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate, compound nominal predicate. A simple verb is expressed by one full-valued word or related phrase. A compound verbal predicate has two parts: an infinitive and a verb. What is a compound nominal predicate? To begin with, we note that it is studied in the 8th grade and consists of two parts: the connective and the nominal part.

The copula expresses modality and tense category. The following verbs can most often act as connectives:

The verb to be in all tense categories. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense form turns into a zero copula;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with the categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, get there, swim, fly away, come, etc.;

Katerina is excited and nervous due to unforeseen circumstances that arose on her way home. I will be first just to be better than you. If you become a good boy, maybe I'll take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cool outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel with everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of days gone by.
I wish I could leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

A compound nominal predicate has several types of ligaments, noticeably different from each other:

The connective is abstract, represented by the verb to be. This verb has only one function - to express grammatical meaning, that is, the categories of tense, mood, gender, number. The main thing that should not be forgotten when defining a compound nominal predicate with a zero connective is that in the form of the present tense this connective is not materially expressed, but is only implied. For example, in a sentence: she is a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition. The main members of the sentence are highlighted: she is the subject, expressed by a pronoun, doctor is a compound nominal predicate, with the zero copula omitted. The copula in the form of the present tense in a compound nominal predicate is omitted because in Russian, unlike English, it is not customary to say this: she is a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition. It's cacophonous.

In the past and future forms, the verb to be expresses clearly. The same context: she was a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition, and she will be a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition. In the sentences, compound nominal predicates with the abstract connective be are highlighted. A few words about the form subjunctive mood, when used, a particle would be added to the abstract connective be. Suggestion: She would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

The connection is semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs appear, seem, appear, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-nominal connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.
Significant connection, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, talk, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Sentences: The geese walked around in the yard, as if they were the owners of the entire farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

noun in the nominative or instrumental case;
adjective in comparative, positive degree;
adjective in short form;
Communion;
adverb;
pronoun.

Summer days become shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be back later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental case).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This year's summer was unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in the positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extremely rich. Honey collected from your own apiary is so sweet. (adjective in short form).
All mistakes made when writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly felt scared. It was quite strange (adverb).

She is a teacher with higher education.
Yura will become a driver after completing his training.
The dress that Nina's mother bought for graduation was polka dot.
The defendant's actions were unfounded.
The video tutorial was weak, so it was of no use.
Masha seemed two heads taller than her classmates, so she looked overgrown.
Linar is the strongest in the pull-up class, so there is no point in fighting him.
There was a lot of noise in the class, so the teacher seemed tired.
No matter how bitter it was, I had to confirm that this briefcase was mine.
Katerina was sixth in line for bread.
She is the worst student in the class.

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its peculiarity is the presence of two parts: connectives and nominal parts. The problem of modern school education is that sometimes students do not have time to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates in class, as a result of which they are unable to find and define one of the main members of a sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.

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Predicate(in syntax) - the main member of a sentence associated with the subject and answering the questions: “what does an object (or person) do?”, “what happens to it?”, “what is it like?”, “what is it?”, “ Who is he? etc. The predicate denotes the action or state of objects and persons that are expressed by the subject. The predicate is most often expressed by a verb agreed with the subject, but often the predicate is expressed by other parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, participles, numerals, pronouns, adverbs, indivisible phrases).

When parsing a sentence, the predicate is emphasized by two features.

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in any mood:

Wind sways grass
Sun disappeared behind the cloud.
I I'll go to the forest.
He I would go to the city.
you to me write letter immediately!
In the shadows for a long time was heard whisper.

A compound predicate can be verbal or nominal. It consists of two parts: a connective and a verbal or nominal part.

A compound verbal predicate consists of a copular part and an indefinite form of the verb. Answers questions: What does it do? what to do? what did you do? The ligamentous part can be:

phase verb (start, continue, become, quit);
modal word (wants, ready, forced, maybe unable).

He wants to enroll to the institute.
I'm long couldn't with them meet.
You must study.
I was unable to think about this.

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that consists of a nominal part and a linking verb.

The most commonly used is the linking verb be, are less commonly used, but other linking verbs are also possible.

When parsing, the predicate is indicated by two horizontal lines.

The nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed in different ways:

PREDICATE- PREDICATE, predicate, cf. 1. One of the two main members of a sentence, containing a statement, making the expression of a thought complete (gram.). A simple predicate. Compound predicate. In the sentence plant works, the word works is the predicate. 2 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

predicate- predicate, word. Ant. subject, subject Dictionary of Russian synonyms. predicate adj. predicate Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012 ... Dictionary of synonyms

PREDICATE- (predicate) one of the main members of a sentence. In a two-part sentence, the predicate correlates with the subject and expresses its actions, properties, states ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PREDICATE- PREDICATE, wow, cf. In grammar: the main member of a sentence, denoting the attribute of the subject, named in the subject, and together with the subject forming the grammatical basis of a simple sentence. | adj. predicate, oh, oh. Explanatory Dictionary... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

predicate- The main member of a two-part sentence, grammatically dependent on the subject, denoting the active or passive attribute of the subject that is expressed by the subject. Simple verb predicate. Compound verb predicate. Nominal compound... Dictionary of linguistic terms

predicate- the main member of the sentence, meaning an event. Expressed by a verb (simple verbal predicate), as well as a noun, adjective, adverb (compound nominal predicate); Wed: He is sad/He is sad/It was a good year. Compound verb... ... Literary encyclopedia

predicate- Wow; Wed Linguistic One of the two main members of a sentence, denoting the action or state of the subject expressed by the subject. Subject and p. Simple, complex c. Verb p. ? Predicate, oh, oh. With oh meaning. Usage of the word... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Predicate along with the subject, it is an element of the grammatical basis of the sentence. The predicate denotes the action that the subject performs, as well as its state or attribute, therefore, the predicate answers questions what to do? what to do? what happens to the item? what is the subject? what is he? Who is he? As a rule, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but there are other ways of expressing it - noun, adjective, pronoun, participle, etc.

The predicate of the Russian language is represented by three types - simple verbal predicate, compound verb and compound nominal. In order to quickly and correctly determine the type of predicate in a particular case, it is necessary, firstly, to present a diagram of the composition of the predicate, and secondly, to be able to apply the theoretical scheme to specific language material. Let's look at the types of predicates, briefly describe each of them and follow the implementation with an example.

1. Simple verb predicate.

This is the simplest type of predicate - it is expressed by a verb in some mood. For example, he plays; would have come earlier etc. Most often, this type is remembered using the formula: one word in the predicate, which means the predicate is a simple verb. It is not difficult to guess that this formula is erroneous: this type includes predicates that contain 2, 3 and even more words. For example:

He will for a long time recall about the past(future complex).

Let stars forever illuminate your long, long winter journey(imperative).

He lost his temper (phraseologism).

They waited, waited And didn't wait (repetition of one verb in different forms).

Spring waited, waited nature(repetition of the same verb forms).

Don't be offended, but it will still be in my opinion(repetition of one verb with the particle not).

I'll go for a walk (a combination of different verbs in the same form).

2. Compound verb predicate.

This predicate is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive. All these elements must be present in the predicate so that we can call it a compound verb! Again, you should not think that this predicate consists of 2 components - there may be more.

He wants to enroll to the institute.

I'm long couldn't with them meet.

You must study.

He was looking to have fun.

I was unable to think about this.

Note that phase verbs (those that denote the phase of action) most often act as auxiliary elements - start, continue, become, quit) or modal words ( must, must, wants).

3. Compound nominal predicate.

Such a predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part. The most common linking verb be, but you can also find other connections. The nominal part is expressed as an adjective. Noun, adverb, participle, pronoun, etc.

Weather was good.

The book is true Friend.

He has character harder steel.

Grass beveled.

Evening quiet.

Error was obvious.

Twice two - four.

This notebook my.

As you can see, determining the type of predicate is not a difficult task; you just need to confidently and completely know the material and, most importantly, be able to navigate it.

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Compound nominal predicate (8th grade)

Copula in a compound nominal predicate

The copula expresses modality and tense category. The following verbs can most often act as connectives:

The verb to be in all tense categories. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense form turns into a zero copula;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with the categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, get there, swim, fly away, come, etc.;

Katerina is excited and nervous due to unforeseen circumstances that arose on her way home. I will be first just to be better than you. If you become a good boy, maybe I'll take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cool outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel with everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of days gone by.
I wish I could leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

Types of ligaments

A compound nominal predicate has several types of ligaments, noticeably different from each other:

A few words about the form of the subjunctive mood; when used, a particle would be added to the abstract connective be. Suggestion: She would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

The connection is semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs appear, seem, appear, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-nominal connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.
Significant connection, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, talk, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Sentences: The geese walked around in the yard, as if they were the owners of the entire farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

The nominal part of a compound nominal predicate

The role of the nominal part is:

Summer days are getting shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be back later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental case).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This year's summer was unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in the positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extremely rich. Honey collected from your own apiary is so sweet. (adjective in short form).
All mistakes made when writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly felt scared. It was quite strange (adverb).

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its peculiarity is the presence of two parts: connectives and nominal parts. The problem of modern school education is that sometimes students do not have time in class to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates, as a result of which it is impossible to find and define one of the main members of a sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.