Sentences with several subordinate clauses examples from literature. SPP with several subordinate clauses: examples
And everything connected with it is studied in school course Russian language, and is also included in the examination paper.
Options for subordinating dependent parts (including sequential subordination of subordinate clauses) will be discussed below.
Complex sentence: types of subordinate clauses
A complex sentence is a sentence where there are two or more grammatical stems, one of which is main, the rest are dependent. For example, the fire went out(main part), when morning came(dependent part). Subordinate, or dependent, clauses can be different types, it all depends on the question that is asked from the main clause to the dependent one. Yes, when asked Which the dependent part is considered definitive: the forest (which one?) in which we walked has thinned out. If a question of circumstance is attached to the dependent part, then the subordinate part is defined as adverbial. Finally, if the question to the dependent part is one of the questions of indirect cases, then the subordinate clause is called explanatory.
Complex sentence: several subordinate clauses
Often in texts and exercises there are several subordinate clauses. At the same time, not only the subordinate clauses themselves can be different, but also the way they are subordinated to the main sentence or to each other.
| Name | Description | Example |
| Parallel subordination | The main clause includes dependent parts of different types. | When the ice broke, fishing began, which the men had been waiting for all winter.(Main sentence: fishing began. First adverbial clause: started (when?); second clause attribute: fishing (what kind?). |
| Homogeneous Subordination | The main clause includes dependent parts of the same type. | Everyone knows how BAM was built and how dearly the people paid for it.(Main sentence: everyone knows. It includes both subordinate explanatory clauses: how BAM was built And how dearly the people paid for it. Subordinate clauses are homogeneous, since they refer to a single word - it is known one question is asked to them: known (what?) |
| Consistent submission | The main clause includes one subordinate clause, on which other subordinate clauses depend. | He guessed that they didn't like the movie they saw.(From main sentence he guessed one clause depends: that they didn't like the film. Another thing depends on the subordinate clause related to the main clause: which they watched. |
Determining parallel, homogeneous, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is a task that causes difficulties for students. When solving this question, you must first find the main sentence, and then, by asking questions from it, determine the nature of the subordination.
Subordination and sequential subordination
In complex sentences, in which there are several predicative stems, there may be subordination of subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate clauses that depend on a single main clause. Consecutive subordination is different from subordination. The fact is that in complex sentences with consistent submission Not all subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, that is, they do not have subordination.
It is not an easy task to determine the types of subordinate clauses, especially in sentences with sequential subordination. The question is how to find consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.
- Read the proposal carefully.
- Highlight grammatical basics.
- Determine whether the sentence is complex. In other words, find out whether there is a main and dependent parts, or parts complex sentence equal rights.
- Identify subordinate clauses that relate directly to the main clause.
- The subordinate part, which is not related in meaning to the main sentence, will refer to another part, dependent on the main sentence. This is the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
By following this algorithm, you can quickly find the sentence specified in the task.
The main thing is to know the answer to the question, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? This is a complex sentence, where a subordinate clause depends on the main clause, which is the main one for another subordinate clause.
Sentence structure with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
The most interesting structurally is a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. A chain of interdependent clauses can be located both outside the main clause and inside it.
The day they spent in a sunny city where there are many historical monuments, they remembered forever.
Here is the main offer they will remember the day forever encircles subordinate clauses connected to each other. The subordinate clause depends on the main clause which they spent in the sunny city. This subordinate clause is the main one for the subordinate clause where there are many historical monuments. Therefore, this is a sequential subordination of clauses. In another sentence He saw the owner scolding his cat for catching a chicken the main clause is located outside the subordinate clauses.
Examples of sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
Consistent subordination of subordinate parts is used as in colloquial speech, and in writing. Such sentences are found in works fiction. For example, A.S. Pushkin: Natalya Gavrilovna was famous at the assemblies for being the best dancer, which was... the reason for the misconduct of Korsakov, who the next day came to apologize to Gavrilo Afanasyevich; at L.N. Tolstoy: I remembered how once he thought that his husband had found out and was preparing for a duel... in which he intended to shoot into the air; from I.A Bunin: And when I looked up, it seemed to me again... that this silence was a mystery, part of what is beyond the knowable.
In this chapter:
§1. Types of subordination in NGN with several subordinate clauses
An IPP can have more than one subordinate clause. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what. Three types are possible:
1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.
Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first subordinate clause, etc. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.
I'm afraid that Anna will be late for the exam, which is scheduled to start early in the morning.
Scheme: [...], (union What...), (conjunctive word which…).
With sequential subordination, the subordinate clause related to the main one is called a subordinate clause of the first degree, and the next subordinate clause is called a subordinate clause of the second degree, etc.
Parallel subordination
If one main clause includes subordinate clauses different types, then parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main clause. It is important that these subordinate clauses are of different types and they answer various questions.
When the teacher came in, the kids stood up to greet her.
Scheme: (conjunctive word When…), [ … ], (union to …).
Homogeneous Subordination
If subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole, then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses answer the same question.
I suddenly felt how the tension subsided and how light my soul became.
Scheme: [...], (union How...) and (union How …).
Subordinate clauses explanatory sentences similar homogeneous members sentences, they are connected to each other by the conjunction And. Both subordinate clauses refer to the main clause of the sentence. There is no comma between them.
It is important that with homogeneous subordination, conjunctions or allied words can be omitted, which is typical for sentences with several subordinate clauses.
Test of strength
Find out your understanding of this chapter.
Final test
Is it true that an IPP can have more than one subordinate clause?
What is subordination called when the first subordinate clause is subordinated to the main clause, the second to the first, etc.?
- consistent submission
- homogeneous subordination
- parallel subordination
What is subordination called when subordinate clauses of different types are attached to one main clause?
- consistent submission
- homogeneous subordination
- parallel subordination
What is subordination called when subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole?
- consistent submission
- homogeneous subordination
- parallel subordination
When the performance ended, the children clapped so that the artists felt their gratitude.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
What is subordination in a sentence: I think that in the next episode the hero will save the girl he is in love with.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
What is subordination in a sentence: I heard the door slam and people talking in the hallway.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
What is subordination in a sentence: I think that my brother will be happy with my gift and that I made a very good choice.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
The section of the science of our language devoted to the structure of sentences is fraught with a lot of interesting things, and syntactic analysis can be a fascinating activity for those who are well versed in the rules of the Russian language. Today we will touch on the syntax and punctuation of a complex sentence, in particular the case when there is not one subordinate clause, but several. What types of subordination are there and what is interesting about a sentence with parallel subordination subordinate clauses? First things first.
Complex sentence and its parts
A complex sentence (S/P) is a complex sentence in which one can distinguish the main part (it carries the main semantic load) and the subordinate part (it is dependent on the main part, you can ask a question about it). There can be two or more subordinate parts, and they can be attached to the main, main part in different ways. There are sequential, homogeneous, heterogeneous, parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. To find out the type of subordination, you need to pay attention to whether the dependent parts answer the same question or to different ones, whether they refer to the same word in the main part or to different ones. We will consider the material in more detail in the next section.
Types of subordination of subordinate clauses
So, there are four types of subordination.
- Sequential subordination - subordinate parts depend sequentially on each other, and one of them depends on the main one. I know (about what?), what to do (for what?) to get to (where?) where I need to go.
- Homogeneous - subordinate clauses answer the same question and refer to the same word. I asked (about what?) what time it was, where we were and how to get to the airport. This sentence has three subordinate (dependent) parts, all of them relate to the word “asked” and answer the question “about what?”
- Heterogeneous subordination - subordinate clauses also refer to the same word, but different questions are asked to them. I have to go to this city (why should I?) to accomplish everything I have planned, (why should I?) because there are a lot of things to do.
- Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses - dependent parts refer to different words of the main sentence and answer completely different questions. (For what?) To catch the train, I have to leave home early for the train station (which one?), which is located in another part of the city.
Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses
What is the difference between various types subordination, we found out. By the way, in some sources, heterogeneous parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is distinguished as one type. This occurs because in both cases the questions to the dependent parts are posed differently.
If the sentence is complex with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses, then most often one dependent part is located before the main one, and the second - after.
You need to highlight the main, main part of the sentence, determine the number of subordinate clauses and ask questions about them. Only in this way will we be convinced that we really have parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the questions are different, and we will ask them from different words, which means that the subordination is truly parallel. When I went outside, I suddenly remembered that a long time ago I was going to visit my friend. In this sentence from the predicate of the main part "remembered" we ask a question "When?" to the first subordinate clause, and from the complement "about that" ask a question "about what?" to the second. This means that in this case a parallel method of subordination is used.
It is necessary to be able to determine the boundaries of the parts of a sentence and correctly ask questions from the main part in order not to make mistakes when placing punctuation marks. We remember that subordinate clauses are separated from the main clause by commas, which are placed before the conjunction or allied word connecting the parts of a complex sentence.
Let's sum it up
Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of four types of subordination in the Russian language. To determine the type of subordination, you need to select simple sentences as part of a complex subordination, determine the main part and ask questions from it to the dependent ones. If the question is the same, then this is homogeneous subordination, if different from the same word - heterogeneous, if unequal questions from different words - parallel, and if the question can be asked only to one subordinate clause, and from it to another, and so on, then What we have before us is consistent subordination.
Be literate!
In this type of SPP, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.
In the following examples, questions to the next subordinate clause will be placed in brackets.
And Nikolai went to work (why?) so that no one would say that he didn’t like his job (which one?), which he really didn’t like.
The SPP with a comma at the junction of 2 conjunctions has a sequential subordination.
He said that when father comes, we will go to the park. (The proposal is discussed below.)
Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.
Non-union proposal
Non-union complex sentences
Non-union complex sentence- this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or allied words: [Habit from above to us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).
Meaningful relationships between simple sentences in the allied and non-union complex sentences are expressed differently. IN union proposals conjunctions take part in their expression, so the semantic relationships here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason, If- condition, however- opposition, etc.
Types of complex non-union proposals.
The most widespread classification of types of non-union proposals is according to lexical meaning. In accordance with this, the following SBP are distinguished:
- explanatory SBP:
Something incomprehensible was happening on the street: suddenly an incredible noise was heard.
- SBP with sequence value:
The spring sun peeked out from behind the clouds and it quickly became warmer.
- additional SBP:
He decided to go to work: he needed to go in place of his sick partner.
- SBP with condition value:
When I return home, I’ll kick everyone out.
- SBP with reason value:
There was the sound of the door opening: Vika had returned from school.
- SBP with time value:
The sun rose and the birds chirped happily.
- SBP with mapping value:
Time for business - time for fun.
- SBP with the meaning of the consequence:
The TV is broken: there was a power surge.
Direct speech and its presentation in writing.
Formatting direct speech
1. Direct speech must be highlighted in quotation marks.
3. If direct speech precedes the words of the author, then a comma and a dash should be placed after it. If direct speech contains an exclamation or question, then it should be followed by a question or exclamation mark and a dash. In all cases, the author’s words should begin with a capital letter. Sentences with direct speech:
“I won’t give you to anyone,” Anton whispered excitedly.
"Who's there?" – Pashka asked in fear.
"Let's run quickly!" - Seryozha shouted.
2. If you are supposed to put a dot at the place where direct speech breaks, then after direct speech you need to put a comma and a dash, and after the author’s words - a dot and a dash. In this case, the second part should be written with a capital letter. The format of direct speech in this case looks like this.
Lesson: “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses”
Lesson Objectives : teach to determine the type of subordination in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses; develop the ability to correctly place punctuation marks in sentences of the specified structure.
Lesson Objectives :
Educational:
Expand students’ understanding of complex sentences and types of subordination;
Repeat and deepen information about the syntax of a complex sentence;
Repeat types of subordinate clauses;
Develop skills and abilities of competent writing;
Consolidate knowledge of terms, teach participation in conversation, constructing statements.
Educational:
Develop the ability to systematize and analyze;
Develop attention and speech, logical thinking;
Develop skills of working in small groups (in pairs and groups);
Educational:
Foster the need for knowledge;
Cultivate a love for your native language.
Progress of the lesson:
1.Organizational moment .
Guys, we continue to work with you to prepare for the exam. Today we have a new lesson topic, it is related to complex sentences. We will introduce you to new types of syntactic constructions.
Look carefully at task 13 of one of the GIA options. It sounds like this:
13. Among sentences 8 – 12, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: __________________________________________. (on the board)
Try to formulate the topic of the lesson yourself.
The topic of the lesson is: “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses”
What are our goals and objectives?
Learn to determine the type of subordination in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses; develop the ability to correctly place punctuation marks in sentences of the specified structure.
We write down the date and topic of the lesson in the GIA notebook.
Before you start studying new topic, let's do the repetition.
2. Spelling warm-up (Test for everyone followed by verification)
Each of you has a test with tasks - to indicate words with an alternating vowel in the root. You need to find the word in each task, highlight the root and explain what determines the spelling of a given vowel in the root. (Time – 3 minutes)
1. Indicate a word with an alternating vowel in the root:
1. thickets ( -ROS- – o, -raST-, -raSh)
2. dew
3.measurement
4. belated
The spelling of a vowel fundamentally depends on what consonants follow it: laG- – a, - loZh- – o: to expound – to expound; -ROS- – oh, -GRAST-, -RASH- – a: grown – I’m growing, I’ll grow.
Exceptions: Rostok, moneylender, Rostov, Rostislav, industry.
2. Indicate a word with an alternating vowel in the root:
1. selflessly
2. make your way (-e-/-i-:)
3. get started
4. thin out
The spelling of the vowel depends on the suffix following the root.
Ber- – -bira-: I’ll take it away – I’ll put it away
Der- - -dira-: I'll run away - I'll run away
Mer- – world-: die – die
Per- – -pira-: lock – lock
Ter- – -tira-: wipe – wipe away
Shine - - - shine -: shine - shine
Stel- – -styla-: lay – cover
Burned - - -zhiga-: lit - lit
3. Indicate a word with an alternating vowel in the root:
1. naked,
2. dedicate
3. hit
4. plain ( equal - – - equal -) Roots in which the spelling of the vowel depends on the meaning.
-equal- – written in words meaning equality:Solve the equation.
Rovn- – in words meaning something even, i.e. smooth, straight: Smooth out the wrinkles.
3. Syntactic warm-up.
1 task (oral)
1. Replace the phrase built on the basis of agreement with a synonymous phrase with the connection management.
Management approval.
bookstore(bookstore), plank barn (plank shed), in a crystal vase (in a crystal vase), evening cool (coolness of the evening), flock of geese (flock of geese).
2. Replace the phrase built on the basis of adjacency with a synonymous phrase with the connection management.
Connection to control.
treat humorously (treat with humor), shrink sadly (shrink with sadness), look scared (look with fear), rule respectfully (rule with respectability)
3. Replace the phrase based on control with a synonymous phrase with the connection adjacency.
Adjacent control.
ate greedily (ate greedily), sat down for dinner (sat down to dinner), got out with dexterity (got out deftly), speaks with joy (speaks joyfully)
4. Replace the phrase based on management with a synonymous phrase with the connection coordination.
Management for approval.
Krylov's fable (Krylov's fable),exhibition of paintings (picture exhibition), war years (war years), strawberries in the meadow ( meadow strawberry)
2 task (on sheets of paper, the sentence is written on the board, one works at the board)
- Write down the complex sentences, highlight the grammatical basics, indicate the boundaries, determine the type of subordinate clause.
[ View he has was like that ], (as if he someone offended ).(definitive)
[X], (which...)
[ It was night ],(When I went out to the street from home), (where in the circle of loved ones read your story),( because I trusted their literary taste)
(1 subordinate clause – attributive, 2 – attributive, 3 – explanatory)
Which? Which one? Why?
[ X ], (when...), (where..), (because....)
How are these offers different? (in the 1st there is one subordinate clause, in the 2nd there are three subordinate clauses.
Conclusion: A complex sentence may have one or more subordinate clauses.
4.Learning a new topic
Let's do some research. Let us recall the material on physics “Types of conductor connections”
What types of conductor connections are there? (Serial and Parallel)
How are the conductors connected? serial connection? (series connected receivers electric current follow each other, example - Christmas tree garland).
How are the conductors connected? parallel connection?
(All conductors are connected at two points - nodes. With a parallel connection, the beginnings of all conductors are connected to one point of the electrical circuit, and the ends to another).
We noted such phenomena as sequential and parallel subordination. The Russian language also has such phenomena.
We noted that a complex sentence can have several subordinate clauses. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what.
Possiblethree types of subordination of subordinate clauses :
1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.
1. Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first subordinate clause, etc. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.
Let's consider (All proposals on the board)
[ I'm afraid ], (What Anna will be late for the exam) (which must begin early in the morning).(1 subordinate clause – explanatory, 2 – attributive)
Scheme: [...], (conjunction that...), (conjunctive word which...).
what? Which?
[X], (what...), (which...)
(Sequentially, if part of a chain or sentence is removed, the electrical circuit and the semantic and grammatical integrity of the sentence are disrupted)
With sequential subordination, the subordinate clause related to the main one is called a subordinate clause of the first degree, and the next subordinate clause is called a subordinate clause of the second degree, etc.
2.Parallel subordination
If subordinate clauses of different types belong to one main sentence, then parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main clause. It is important that these clauses are of different types, and they answer different questions.
(When the teacher came in), [the guys stood up], (to greet her).
(1 – time, 2 – goals)
Scheme: (conjunction word when...), [...], (conjunction to...).
When? For what purpose?
(when...), [X], (to...)
(Parallel, if part of a circuit or sentence is removed, the electrical circuit and the semantic and grammatical integrity of the sentence are not broken)
3. Homogeneous subordination
If subordinate clausesare sentences of the same type Andrefer to the same member of the main clause or the entire main clause as a whole , then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clausesanswer the same question .
[ I suddenly felt ], (How the tension has subsided ) and (as it became easy in my soul). (both are explanatory clauses)
Scheme: [...], (conjunction as...) and (conjunction as...).
What ?
[ X], (as..) and (as..)
Subordinate explanatory clauses are similar to homogeneous members of the sentence; they are connected to each other by the conjunction and. Both subordinate clauses refer to the main clause of the sentence. There is no comma between them.
5. Consolidation
Work in rows. Complete the task: place punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses
1 row. He rushed at the deer and pulled the rope,Bye not convincedWhat the animals are standing.
Until when? What?
[...pulled], (until... I'm not convinced ), ( What… )
Consistent submission
2nd row. Now,When deer were cut off from the talnik cape,When he averted the greatest danger for the herd, Arsin gradually calmed down...
When?
[..., (when...), (when...)...calmed down]
Homogeneous Subordination
3rd row. When the coniferous forest began, he immediately felthow much The wind is weaker here.
When? What?
(When...started), [...felt], (how much...)
Parallel subordination
6. Educational assessment – cognitive activity
FI
assignments
result
Task 1.
1) Arsin had no choice but to start pulling off the canvas fords, filled with water and swollen like logs, and the thoroughly wet malitsa.2) When it became completely warm in the hut, Taya came out so that he could be left alone and could dry his canvas shirt and trousers.
Task 2 . Among the sentences, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Please enter your offer number. Write your answer on the score sheet.
1). There was still no movement of ice, and the banks remained narrow and shallow: even from here it was noticeable that the water barely reached the belly of the animals. 2) Next to some of the important ones, newly born fawns were trotting along.3) Arsin saw how hesitantly the kids began to swim, how intensely the important women croaked, making a signal to follow them.
Task 3. Among the sentences, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Please enter your offer number. Write your answer on the score sheet.
1) The gurgling of water under his hooves became louder, and Arsin realized that a rather large herd was being transported to the island, moving faster and faster. 2) To make sure of this, he decided to climb up the stairs, built to survey the surroundings even when he and his father were building a hut. 3) They put a dozen strong crossbars on two larch trees standing nearby - they got a reliable structure that has been serving regularly for almost five decades... (according to R. Rugin)
Task 4. Among the sentences, find a complex sentence with parallel subordinate clauses. Please enter your offer number. Write your answer on the score sheet.
1) He couldn’t say how long he trudged on his heavy boots or where he was going. 2) I came to my senses only on the bank of the wide Meleksimsky litter, about twenty kilometers from the previous place. 3) He raised his head: the sun was already approaching noon... (according to R. Rugin)
The assignments are checked using the teacher's checklist and assessment sheets.
7. Lesson summary
Let's summarize the lesson:
What are the ways to subordinate subordinate clauses in a complex sentence?
Why do you need to know the IPP groups by method of subordination?
(To place punctuation marks in IPP with several subordinate clauses, perform test exam tasks)
8.Homework:
1. Specify the WBS with homogeneous subordination.
A) They write to me that, filled with anxiety, you are very sad about me, that you often go on the road in an old-fashioned, dilapidated shushun.
B) The closer the boat came, the brighter the night seemed to him, although anyone would call this darkness pitch-black.
C) I want you to hear how my living voice yearns.
2. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses.
When the first warmth came, there has not been a day since my early childhood so that I don’t go to play in the nearby garden of the medical academy.
A) Homogeneous.
B) Parallel (non-uniform).
B) Consistent.
3. Find SPP with several subordinate clauses.
A) Only the rooks, who had grown old in the steppe, calmly hovered over the grass or indifferently, not paying attention to anything, pecked the stale earth with their beaks.
B) Quietly, as only animals can, the bear sat near the motionless human figure, barely visible on the slope of the snowdrift.
B) No matter how excited she was, she could not help but answer that the Germans do not have anti-aircraft artillery here.
4. Specify the WBS with sequential subordination.
A) While we are burning with freedom, while our hearts are alive for honor, my friend, let us devote our souls to the fatherland beautiful impulses!
B) The night was so black that in the first minutes, until your eyes got used to it, you had to feel your way.
B) When all the units were again pulled back to the highway, news came that the commander was wounded in the head.
5. Indicate the WBS with homogeneous subordination.
A) I came to a stop where there was no one, because the bus had just left.
B) The question is not who is to blame, but the question is what to do now.
C) Something happened that Davydov could not forget about for a long time and that from time to time made him shudder.
