Complex sentences with explanatory clauses. Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Explanatory clauses answer case questions and explain the words of the main part of a complex sentence.

Lexical meaning these words are such that they need additional clarification: thought - about what?, waiting - what?,

For example: you say(What? ), that we will wait for a warm spring again.(A. Fet) I think(What? ), that the forest is a beautiful expression of the power of nature and the clearest example of its perfection.(K. Paustovsky) I'm a city girl. I grew up not knowing(what? ), how the slow sunset drowns in the rivers.(Yu. Drunina) Only now it became clear to me(What?),Why did they collect firewood?(V. Arsenyev)

Without an explanatory clause, such sentences would be incomplete, not complete in semantic and grammatical terms.

Compare: I think. My friend and I agreed. By appearance one can assume.

The words used as explanations are different parts speeches denoting thoughts, feelings, perceptions of a person, his speech:

verbs: say, answer, talk, inform, ask, think, see, feel, sense, be proud etc.;

adjectives: glad, satisfied, confident, convinced etc.;

adverbs and words of state: necessary, sorry, impossible, desirable, scary, clear, understandable, known etc.;

nouns: message, question, thought, news, concern, conversation, faith etc.

For example: But I read in a frightened gaze, that you remember and love me. (A. Blok) He said this and felt his face getting colder. (K. Paustovsky)

In addition, some phraseological units require explanation in the sentence: show concern, give your word, make an assumption, give a sign etc.

The explanatory clause plays the same role in a complex sentence as many additions in a simple sentence.

Compare: He announced his enrollment at the university.(Verb reported distributed by addendum about enrollment.)He reported that he had been accepted into the university. (Verb reported in the main part it is extended by an explanatory clause that he was admitted to university .)

The subordinate clause is attached to the main part with the help of conjunctions and allied words.

For example: I want a feather to be compared to a bayonet(V. Mayakovsky) - means of communication - union so that .

I don't know if I want to go with them- means of communication - union whether, which, like coordinating conjunctions same, also, also, is not at the beginning of the part.

They said that he was addicted to collecting smoking pipes.(A. N. Tolstoy) - means of communication - compound union that it seems .

God alone could say what kind of character Manilov had(N.V. Gogol) - means of communication - union word Which, part of the predicate.

It's sad to see a young man lose his best hopes and dreams...(M. Yu. Lermontov) - means of communication - union When.

Subordinate clauses with the union What contain a message about a really existing fact.

For example: Lev Nikolaevich read me a short poem. But at the same time he emphasized that he was not the author(Ard.); It involuntarily occurred to me, that I heard the same voice (L.); Let consciousness warm your soul, that not one step, not one moment during the harsh days of testing did not give up their positions (Isak.); How many times have they told the world, that flattery is vile and harmful (Kr.); I'm happy that I am a particle of this force, that even tears from the eyes are common (M.).

Explanatory clauses With What, related to nouns, reveal the internal content of the subject and therefore come close to defining subordinate clauses.

Subordinate clauses(they are joined by a conjunctive word What), in contrast to explanatory clauses (they are joined by the conjunction What), allow replacement of the conjunction word What union word which.

Compare: And in the evening the news is that(word substitution which impossible) I arrived, many people in Moscow already knew(N.); But: The news that (which) made me happy was already known to many in Moscow. This also applies to clauses with some other conjunctions, for example to etc.

Close in meaning to the union What union How, used only with words denoting perception or mental activity.

For example: I remember as I stood on a narrow street (Chuck.); I saw how the dim silhouette of transport was reflected in the lead water (Paust.).

Unions as if, as if, as if, as if, as if, unlike unions what, how, introduce into the subordinate part a shade of conjecture, uncertainty in the reported fact.

For example: I can't agree as if Stepan Mikhailovich Bagrov(in its description “ Good afternoon») “is somewhat obscured by the description of nature...” (Ax.); She dreams as if she were walking through a snowy meadow (P.).

For example: Arkady Nikolaevich loved, so that his Christmas tree turns out great, and Ryabov’s orchestra always invited her(Cupr.); I don't want, so that the world knows my mysterious story (L.).

Union if adds a hint of condition to the subordinate clause.

For example: It wouldn't be bad if only he had returned early.

Union whether, used after a significant word, indicates an assumption with a tinge of uncertainty and reveals the content of an indirect or direct question. Union whether is placed in the subordinate clause not at the beginning, but after the first word.

For example: Unknown (What? ),was he at home? Are you asking Did I know Schmidt before his speech at the cemetery? No, I didn't know(Paust.); Don't know, whether the waterfall looked like a beast, it was truly beautiful (Chuck.).

Union Bye introduces a temporal connotation of meaning.

For example: Somewhere nearby a shell exploded, and the driver, without waiting, until the soldier gets out from under the car, gave gas(Leather).

Subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part- a verb, a short adjective, an adverb, a verbal noun with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception - and are usually found after the word in the main part to which it refers, but occasionally, mainly in colloquial speech, it can also be located in front of the main part.

For example: I was delighted / expressed surprise / was glad that he came. It's good that he came., (What).

It was immediately clear to me that he would not come. Everyone knows that wolves are greedy.(I. Krylov) ( What), .

In the last two sentences, the order of the main and subordinate parts of a complex sentence is violated in order to increase attention to the information conveyed by the subordinate part.

The main part may contain an index word That in different case forms: I was glad that he came. In this sentence, the word that can be omitted, so the subordinate clause refers to the adjective glad.

However, in some complex sentences with explanatory clauses, the demonstrative word in the main part is an obligatory component of the sentence structure.

For example: It all started when my father returned.

Such subordinate clauses refer specifically to the demonstrative word, which can only be the word That. This feature brings such sentences closer to pronominal-definitive ones, while the use of a conjunction rather than a conjunctive word allows them to be classified as explanatory.

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses convey indirect speech.

For example: I explained to them that I am an officer, going to the active detachment on official business. (M. Lermontov) Verochka said that she didn’t want tea and went to her room.(N. Chernyshevsky)

If someone else's speech - interrogative sentence, then when converting it to indirect, they use allied words(if the question is framed with a question word) or conjunction whether(if the question does not contain a question word).

At the end of the sentence with an indirect question there is no question mark.

For example: 1) "Who is this man?" - I asked the attendant.(K. Paustovsky) - I asked the attendant who this man was. 2) I ask the old man sitting by the stove: “Is this your grandson?”(K. Simonov) - I ask the old man sitting by the stove if this is his grandson

Distinguishing between attributive clauses and explanatory clauses

Certain difficulties are caused by the distinction between attributive clauses and explanatory clauses, which relate to the noun.

It should be remembered that attributive clauses depend on the noun as parts of speech(the meaning of the defined noun is not important for them), answer the question Which?, indicate the attribute of the object that is named by the defined noun, and are attached to the main one only by allied words.

Subordinate clauses explanatory depend on the noun not as a part of speech, but like a word with a specific meaning(speeches, thoughts, feelings, perceptions), except for the question Which?(and it can always be assigned from a noun to any word or sentence dependent on it) they can also be assigned case question, They reveal(explain) content speech, thoughts, feelings, perceptions and are attached to the main thing by conjunctions and allied words. ( Subordinate clause , attached to the main one by conjunctions and a particle conjunction whether, can only be explanatory: The thought that he is wrong, tormented him; Thought about whether he's right, tormented him).

More difficult to differentiate attributive clauses And explanatory clauses ,noun-dependent in cases where explanatory clauses are attached to the main one using allied words (especially the allied word that).

Compare: 1) Question, what (which) was asked to him, seemed strange to him. Thought, what (which) came to his mind in the morning, did not give him rest all day. News, what (which) I received yesterday, made me very upset.

2) Question, what should he do now?, tormented him. The thought of what he had done haunted him. The news of what happened in our class, amazed the whole school.

1) First group - complex sentences with attributive clauses . Union word What can be replaced with a conjunction word which. The subordinate clause indicates the attribute of the object named by the noun being defined (from the main clause to the subordinate clause you can only ask a question Which?, a case question cannot be asked). The demonstrative word in the main clause is possible only in the form of a pronoun agreed with the noun ( that question, that thought, that news).

2) Second group - complex sentences with explanatory clauses . Replacing a conjunction word What union word which is impossible. The subordinate clause not only indicates the attribute of the object named by the noun being defined, but also explains the content of the words question, thought, news(a case question can be asked from the main clause to the subordinate clause). The demonstrative word in the main sentence has a different form (case forms of pronouns: question, thought, news).

The Russian language has a heterogeneous structure, different means connections and shades of meaning. The subordinate parts in them are divided into explanatory, attributive, adverbial.

Explanatory clauses

Like all types, explanatory is built on the principle of semantic and structural incompleteness in the main part, which is a necessary condition the presence of a subordinate clause as a complementary and explanatory component. U syntactic constructions of this type, in the main part, as a rule, one of the members is missing: subjects or complements. The task of the subordinate part is to fill in the missing elements, explain them, if necessary, expand them: On long, chilly nights I dreamed that one day the sun would warm up, spring would come, and all this hell of cold and damp would leave us at least for some time.

Subordinate clause explanatory sentence joins the main thing with the help and unions: how much, where, what, how much, so that, as if etc. The main type of connection between two parts is control: verb forms the main one is controlled grammatical forms other members of the subordinate clause: He is naive and stupid who believes that a scoundrel can be corrected and re-educated.

An explanatory clause is required in the main part of which there is:

1. Verbs of lexical-semantic groups:

"perception": feel, hear, feel etc.;
“emotional-psychological state”: want, miss, rejoice, be sad, regret etc.;
"speaking": explain, agree, tell, shout, yell, talk etc.;
"thought process": count, understand, think etc.;
"emotional message": threaten, beg, complain.

2. Adjectives that perform a control function and express different shades emotional states: happy, agree, guilty.

3. Modal-predicative units: necessary, painful, sorry.

In the explanatory clause it is always found after the words being defined. This criterion is the main limitation. The place of the subordinate clause can be after the main one or inside it: Scientists have started talking seriously again recently about the fact that many laws of nature stop working.

Lexical groups of dictionary sentences with subordinate clauses

Conjunctions that attach the subordinate part to the main part help to express some of the semantic relationships that arise between NGN constructions, for example:

Subordinate clause with conjunction What tells about facts that are real and take place: I I was not mistaken in the statement that the thunderstorm would begin no earlier than in the evening.
Union How in SPP refers to those words in the main sentence that are associated with the expression of thought processes and perceptions: We noticed how one stood out from the general mass of horsemen and galloped a little further away.
Subordinate clause attached to the main clause by conjunctions as if, as if, as if and others give the predicative unit a general shade of semantic uncertainty, an element of presumability of what is reported in it: It seemed to him that his mother was not entirely happy with him.

Naturally, there are quite a lot of such additional shades. Thanks to them, the communicative and informational framework of complex sentences expands and their total number in our speech increases.

№1.

Adverbial clauses- subordinate clauses that answer the same questions as the circumstances.

At the center of adverbial complex sentences are sentences whose meaning is in one way or another connected with the relationship of cause and effect. These are sentences with subordinate clauses causes, consequences, concessions, conditions, goals . Due to the known proximity of meanings, they are easy to confuse with each other. However, each of these varieties is characterized by its own unions ( subordinate clause - union So,goals - union to etc.).

Each of these varieties of complex sentences also has its own differences in meaning.

So, a complex sentence with subordinate reasons expresses the relationship between two events, one of which (from the speaker’s point of view) naturally gives rise to the other.

For example: The car turned on its headlights,because it's already dark in the forest (G. Nikolaeva).

Complex sentences of consequence convey the same relationships, but the reason in them is expressed in the main part, and not in the subordinate part: It's already dark in the forest,so the car turned on its headlights . What was the main clause in the first case has become a subordinate clause here.

Concessive complex sentences are also related in meaning to causal ones. But the consequence here is directly opposite in meaning to what naturally follows from the content of the subordinate clause.

For example: Although it's already dark in the forest , the car did not turn on its headlights. The speaker is waiting for the natural consequence of the subordinate clause ( the car turned on its headlights), but it is not implemented.

Adverbial clauses are also close to causal, but the cause here is the desire of the actor in the main clause for the action of the subordinate clause to be realized.

For example: He arrived in Rostov,to go to college .

Compare: He arrived in Rostov,because I wanted to go to college .

Adverbial clauses also convey a reason, but one that the speaker is not sure of.

For example: If your brother went to college

Compare: Since my brother went to college , he will write to us about it soon.

In addition, adverbial clauses include clauses of time, comparison, and manner of action.

Complex sentences with adverbial clauses

Theoretical information

Adverbial clauses are very diverse and therefore have their own classification.

There are the following types of adverbial adverbs: manner of action and degree, place, time, condition, cause, purpose, comparison, concession, consequence.

Clauses of manner and degree denote the image, degree or measure of the action (attribute) named in the main sentence; answer the questions: How? how? to what extent? how much? etc.; refer to phrases in the main clause: verb + So; full adjective + such; full adjective + noun + such; join unions what, to, as if etc. and allied words: how, how much, how much etc.

The main clause may contain demonstrative words: so, so much, so much, to such an extent, such etc.

For example: I was born in Russia. I love her so muchthat words can’t say everything ( S. Ostrovoy). The air is clearso much so that the jackdaw's beak is visible... (A. Chekhov).

Subordinate clauses indicate the place of action named in the main clause; answer the questions: Where? Where? where?; refer either to the entire main sentence or to its predicate; are joined by conjunctive words: where, where, where. In the main sentence they often correspond to demonstrative words: there, there, from everywhere, everywhere, everywhere etc.

For example: Go on the free road,where does your free mind take you? (A. Pushkin). There,where the thicket ended , the birches were whitening.

Clauses of time indicate the time of the action named in the main clause; answer the questions: When? How long? since when? until when? etc.; refer either to the entire main clause or to its predicate. The main clause often contains demonstrative words: then, now, always, once, sometimes etc.

For example: While he was singing , Vaska the cat ate all the roast(I. Krylov). Sometimes,when you wander through unmown fallow land , almost from under your very feet a large brood of quails or gray partridges bursts out(S. Ognev).

Subordinate clauses indicate the condition under which the action named in the main clause can occur; answer the questions: under what condition? in what case?; refer either to the entire main sentence or to its predicate; are joined by conditional conjunctions: if, once, if, if, when(meaning " If"), How(meaning " If"), etc.

For example: If life deceives you , don't be sad, don't be angry(A. Pushkin); When there is no agreement among comrades , things won’t go well for them(I. Krylov).

Additional reasons indicate the reason for what is said in the main sentence; answer questions Why? why? because of what? for what reason?; refer either to the entire main clause or only to the predicate; are joined by causal conjunctions: since, because, because etc.

For example: I'm upset,because you're having fun (M. Lermontov); The Ossetian cab driver tirelessly drove the horses,because I wanted to climb Kaur Mountain before nightfall (M. Lermontov).

Subordinate goals indicate the purpose of the action named in the main clause; answer the questions: For what? For what? for what purpose? For what? etc.; refer either to the entire main sentence or to its predicate; are joined by target unions: so that (so that), then in order to, in order to etc.

For example: To become a musician , it takes skill(I. Krylov). I want to liveto think and suffer (A. Pushkin).

Subordinate comparisons explain the content of the main sentence by comparison; answer the question: like what?; refer either to the entire main sentence or to its predicate; join comparative unions: as if, as if, exactly, with what (that) etc.

For example: It was quiet for two minutesthe convoy seemed to have fallen asleep (A. Chekhov). And the spruce tree knocks on the window with a thorny branch,how sometimes a belated traveler knocks (A. Pleshcheev).

Subordinate concessions indicate the circumstance in spite of which the action named in the main sentence is performed; answer the questions: no matter what? in spite of what?; refer to the entire main clause or its predicate; join by concessional unions: although (at least), despite, let, letting, for nothing; despite the fact that etc., allied combinations: no matter what, no one, no matter how much, no matter when, no matter how etc.

For example: Hot,although the sun has already dropped to the west (M. Gorky). Even though it's cold , but not hungry(Proverb). Wherever you throw it , wedge everywhere(Proverb).

Subordinate corollaries denote a consequence (conclusion, result) arising from the content of the main sentence; answer the questions: what follows from this?; refer to the entire main clause; join unions: consequences so, therefore.

For example: The wind howls at the top of its lungs,so I couldn't sleep in my room (I. Goncharov). The whole next day Gerasim did not show up, so the coachman Potap had to go get water instead(I. Turgenev).

It is necessary to distinguish between the subordinate clause of consequence and the subordinate clause of manner of action and degree.

Compare: The road was washed away by the rain,so that wide ruts formed across the mountains (I. Goncharov) (clause of consequence); The road was washed out by the rain,that wide ruts have formed across the mountains (clause of manner and degree).

№2. Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses

Theoretical information

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause;

2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.

I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can behomogeneousAndheterogeneous.

1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous members, have same value, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause.

Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause and with each other resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example: [ I came to you with greetings, to tell you], (What the sun has risen), (What it fluttered with hot light across the sheets). (A. Fet.)

If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by non-repeating conjunctions and, or, a comma is not placed in front of them, as with homogeneous members offers.

For example: [ I answered], (What nature is good) And ( What Sunsets are especially good in our area). (V. Soloukhin.)

The connection of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called homogeneous subordination.

2. Heterogeneous subordinate clauses have different meanings and answer various questions or depend on different words in a sentence.

For example: ( When I have a new book in my hands), [I feel], (What something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)

With heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses can refer to the same words of the main sentence, but are not homogeneous, since they answer different questions.

The connection of heterogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called parallel subordination.

II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree), etc.

For example: [ The young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back their tears.], (because were afraid of their father), (which I was also a little embarrassed), (Although I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

This connection is called consistent submission.

At consistent subordination one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.

For example: [ The water came down so scary], (What , (When soldiers were running below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

№3. Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

To express our opinion, our attitude to a fact or phenomenon, we often use complex sentences with explanatory clauses.

Explanatory clauses refer to members of a sentence that have the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, message, etc. Verbs in which the subordinate clause is used usually mean: speech ( said, shouted), perception ( saw, heard, felt), mental activity ( thought, decided, determined), the internal state of a person ( was afraid, surprised).

For example, I.S. Turgenev in his letter to P. Viardot wrote about his feelings: I I can't see without worry , like a branch covered with young green leaves, clearly appears in the blue sky.

In a sentence: Sophia, characterizing Chatsky, speaks that “he is especially happy with friends”, - a speaking verb is used.

Very often we use explanatory clauses when we express our opinions:

I am convinced... I believe... I agree that... I can say with confidence... It seems to me... I am attracted (interested) by the thought, (statement) about... .

Besides, complex sentences with subordinate clauses convey indirect speech: I explained to them that I am an officer, going to the active detachment on official business. (M. Lermontov) Vera said, that he doesn't want tea , and went to her room.(N. Chernyshevsky)

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Theoretical information

Explanatory clauses answer case questions and join the main part with conjunctions ( what, as if, as if, as if, to, whether etc.) and allied words (what, who, how, which, why, where, where, from, why, etc.).

For example: I want,so that a feather was compared to a bayonet(V. Mayakovsky) - means of communication - union so that .

I don't know, I wantwhether I'll go with them- means of communication - union whether , which, like coordinating conjunctions same, also, also, is not at the beginning of the part.

They saidthat it seems he became addicted to collecting smoking pipes.(A. N. Tolstoy) - means of communication - compound union that it seems .

How could God alone sayWhich Manilov had a character(N.V. Gogol) - means of communication - union word Which, part of the predicate.

It's sad to see a young man lose his best hopes and dreams...(M. Yu. Lermontov) - means of communication - union When .

Explanatory clauses refer to one word in the main part - a verb, a short adjective, an adverb, a verbal noun with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception.

For example: Irejoiced / expressed surprise / was glad that he came. It's good that he came.

The main part may contain an index word That in different case forms: I was gladthat that he came. In this sentence, the word that can be omitted, so the subordinate clause refers to the adjective glad.

However, in some complex sentences with explanatory clauses, the demonstrative word in the main part is an obligatory component of the sentence structure.

For example: It all startedsince then that father has returned.

Such subordinate clauses refer specifically to the demonstrative word, which can only be the word that. This feature brings such sentences closer to pronominal-definitive ones, while the use of a conjunction rather than a conjunctive word allows them to be classified as explanatory.

An explanatory clause is usually located after the word in the main part to which it refers, but occasionally, mainly in colloquial speech, it can be located before the main part.

For example: That he won't come , it was clear to me right away.

№4. Complex sentences with attributive clauses

Theoretical information

Determinative clauses explain (characterize) that member of the main part of the sentence that is expressed by a noun or pronoun, and answer questions of definition: Which? whose?

For example: (1) Blizzards ( which? ), (2) that they are banging on the doors, (1) they won’t knock me off the road.

Subordinate clauses are added to the main part only with the help of allied words which, which, whose, what, where, where, where, when:

For example: And Tanya seeshouse empty(Which?), Where Our hero lived recently. (A. Pushkin) [– = noun. ], (where = –).

Subordinate clauses have strictly specific place as part of a complex sentence: they stand always after the word being defined.

For example: Childhood isjourney (which?), which no one has managed to do twice . (V. Sanin) [noun. – noun ], (which =).

Conjunctive words which, which, whose with a defined word only agree in gender, number , and their case form depends on which member of the sentence these allied words in the subordinate part are:

For example: I likepeople who the life of the country is not indifferent.(The word which is used in the dative case.)

Compare: I likepeople with whom easy to communicate.(Word which used in instrumental case.) - I like people about whom legends are made.(Word which used in the prepositional case.)

Word which can stand not only at the beginning, but also inside the subordinate clause.

For example: 1) A river flows near the village, the sourcewhich is located in the forest foothills.(M. Lermontov) 2) As if chained, the northern river fell silent, the noisewhich The grandfathers and great-grandfathers of the Pomor fishermen listened.(I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Close in meaning to the definitions clauses of pronominal attributives which refer to pronouns that, each, such, all, every etc., located in the main part.

For example: (1) Everything will go far into the pastThat , (2) what do I live for . (N. Glazkov).[ = That ], (how – =).

№5.Types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences

Subordinate clause is a syntactically dependent predicative part of a complex sentence containing a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word.

For example: Vladimir saw with horror that he had driven into an unfamiliar forest(Pushkin). It is very difficult to describe the feeling I felt at that time.(Korolenko).

The term “subordinate clause” used in educational practice is usually replaced in theoretical works by the term “subordinate clause” (accordingly, instead of “main clause” - “main part”); This avoids the use of the same term “sentence” in relation to the whole and its individual parts, and also emphasizes the interconnectedness of the structural parts of a complex sentence.

School textbooks present two types of classifications of subordinate clauses.

1. Subordinate clauses are divided into three groups: attributive, explanatory and adverbial; the latter are divided into subgroups.

2. Subordinate clauses are divided into subject, predicate, attributive, additional and adverbial, depending on which member of the sentence is replaced by the subordinate clause (to determine the type of subordinate clause, questions asked to various members of the sentence are used).

Since the classification adopted in the first case is more common in the practice of school and pre-university teaching, we will adhere to it.

Let us recall that knowledge about the types of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence is also tested in Unified State Exam tests V parts B(task B6) in 11th grade.

Types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences

Theoretical information

According to the meaning and structure, the subordinate parts of complex sentences are divided into three main groups, which correspond to three groups of secondary members of the sentence: definitions, additions, circumstances.

Determinative clauses explain (characterize) that member of the main part of the sentence that is expressed by a noun or pronoun, and answer the questions of definition: which one? whose?

For example: (1) Blizzards(which ones?), (2) that they're banging on the doors , (1) they won't knock me off the road.(A. Fatyanov) [ – , (that =), =].

Explanatory clauses explain the member of the sentence (most often the predicate) of the main part and, like additions, answer questions about indirect cases.

For example: (1) We talked animatedly about(about what?), (2) how to resolve the current situation . [ – = ], (as =).

Adverbial clauses indicate the place, time, purpose, reason, mode of action, condition, etc. of what is reported in the main part of the complex sentence. They answer questions of circumstance.

For example: (1) To love music , (2) you have to listen to her first(for what purpose?). (D. Shostakovich) (To =), [=].

№6. Complex sentence

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Objective of the lesson:

Strengthen the ability to determine the structure of the WBS; place punctuation marks; strengthening spelling skills

Lesson progress

I. Updating knowledge. Checking homework

Students read sentences based on these diagrams.

Repetition of learned material

Complicated cheating. Write out the BSC with additional explanatory clauses. Fill in the missing spellings and add commas.

1. In the dewy rays in the green rays the river flows, which is dear to me (F. Fatyanov.) 2. Only the old man... the priest was undoubtedly convincedthat he is doing a very useful and important thing. (L. Tolstoy.)

3. Instantly, by their speech, they recognized that they had received the princess, sat him down in a corner, and brought him a pie (A. Pushkin.)

What proposals did you write down? Why?

Conclusion: Explanatory subordinate clauses answer case questions and explain the words of the main part of the SSP. The lexical meaning of these words is such that they require additional clarification: I thought about what? I'm waiting for what? I see - what, etc.

You say that we will wait for a warm spring again.

Without an explanatory clause, such sentences would be incomplete, incomplete in semantic and grammatical terms:

I think... My friend and I agreed... Based on appearance, one can assume...

Subordinate clauses are added to the main part using:

1. Unions: what, as, as if, in order, whether.

2. Conjunctive words: what, how, how much, why, when, where, why.

Many SSPs with explanatory clauses contain

demonstrative words, which are most often expressed by demonstratives

place of estates this, that. In some cases, such a pronoun plays a special role in a sentence and cannot be removed:

The point here is not in individual words, but in the fact that they together convey to us colloquial, crumbly Russian speech in the best possible way. (S. Marshak)

I I.Knowledge test. Practicing skills and abilitiesCommented letter

Determine where things are attaches a subordinate clause, and where

explanatory. In what sentences What is a conjunction, and in which is it a conjunction word? Remember that in the attributive clause What can be replaced with the word which. Place punctuation marks.

1. The village that can be seen in the distance has been rebuilt. The news that this village has been rebuilt made me happy. 2. Information that was

obtained during the interrogation of the prisoner were very important. Information that

Pugachev occupied several fortresses and turned out to be loyal. 3. The news that guests would arrive today took the hostess by surprise. The news that the headman had brought upset everyone. 4. The thought that tomorrow I would leave my native place forever depressed me. The idea that Sergei expressed was controversial. 5. The announcement that tomorrow there will be a cleanup day was posted in advance. An announcement announcing the cleanup was posted in advance.

Remember! Using a conjunction in the same sentence

And are the particles unacceptable, because the particle whether serves as a union. You can't say:We spent a long time figuring out whether the train would arrive today.

Editing

Correct stylistic errors in the following sentences.

He asked how long the artist had been working on the painting

and what I wanted to talk about in them.

2. Alyosha asked whether I’m dreaming or whether I want to listen to his story.

b) Determine in which of these sentences something is superfluous and where it is missing.

1. Nikolai said what he had to say to reconcile the races of quarreling friends. 2. The commander explained what the soldiers had to do. 3. I knew that my brother would come tomorrow. 4. I couldn’t decide to tell my mother that I was planning to leave. 5. She understood what kind of person he was. 6. The lecturer said that everyone knew. 7. Reading the first chapters of “Eugene Onegin” we already learn why Onegin becomes a “reluctant egoist.”

Graphic dictation

1. He did not say whether he would come today, and we were not sure whether he would return at all. 2. Lyubka was told to think about it

Is it better for her to confess, and they let her go to the cell. (A. Fadeev.) 3. There were many old tracks in the snow, but it was not known whether the tiger went hunting on his own or whether we scared him away. (V. Arsenyev.) 4. The border guard had to find out how many violators crossed the border and how deep into the rear they managed to go. 5. Tell me what you are reading, and I will tell you who you are. (A. Chekhov.) 6. They laughed a little here, and it was not always clear what they were laughing at. (M. Gorky) 7. They began to ask Pushkin’s nanny whether there had been a search and whether any papers had been taken. (V. Veresaev.)

III. Lesson summary

What is the difference between explanatory clauses and attributive clauses?

How is an explanatory clause added to the main clause?

Homework

Complete the sentence with explanatory clauses.

I knew for a long time where...

I've known for a long time that...

I knew for a long time when...

I knew for a long time how much...

I've known for a long time what...

Explanatory subordinate clauses answer case questions and are attached to the main part with conjunctions (that, as if, as if, as if, so that, whether, not - whether, whether - or, whether - whether, etc.) and allied words ( what, who, how, which, why, where, where, from where, why, etc.):
I want a feather to be equated to a bayonet (V. Mayakovsky) - a means of communication - a union so that.
I don’t know if I want to go with them - the means of communication is a conjunction, which, like coordinating conjunctions, also does not stand at the beginning of the part.
They said that he was addicted to collecting smoking pipes. (A.N. Tolstoy) - a means of communication - a compound union that seems to be.
I asked if he was coming with me, or should I go alone - a means of communication - a double alliance - or.
God alone could have said what kind of character Manilov had (N.V. Gogol) - a means of communication - a conjunctive word which is part of the predicate.
It's sad to see when a young man loses his best hopes and dreams... (M. Yu. Lermontov) - means of communication - union when.
Subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part - a verb, a short adjective, an adverb, a verbal noun with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception:
I was delighted/expressed surprise/was glad that he came.
It's good that he came.
The main part may contain an indicative word in different case forms: I was glad that he came. In this sentence, the word that can be omitted, so the subordinate clause refers to the adjective glad.
However, in some SPPs with explanatory clauses, the demonstrative word in the main part is an obligatory component of the sentence structure; eg: It all started when my father returned. Such subordinate clauses refer specifically to the demonstrative word, which can only be the word that. This feature brings such sentences closer to pronominal-definitive ones, while the use of a conjunction rather than a conjunctive word allows them to be classified as explanatory.
An explanatory subordinate clause is usually located after the word in the main part to which it refers, but occasionally, mainly in colloquial speech, it can be located before the main part:
It was immediately clear to me that he would not come.
The explanatory clause takes a position corresponding to the complement or subject; in complex 2 it corresponds to the additional and subject clauses.

Complex sentences with explanatory clauses. Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Distinguishing between attributive clauses and explanatory clauses

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

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