Slovenian language. Amazing fact! Slovenian language - alphabet, phonetics, stress and Slovenian dictionary What is the Slovenian language similar to?
Slovenian language belongs to the Balkan language or South Slavic group of languages and comes from the ancient Proto-Slavic language. The oldest written document written in Slovenian, the Freisingen (Brižinskie) fragments, dates back to around 971–1090. n. e.
Modern Slovenian alphabet consists of 25 letters borrowed from Latin alphabet, supplemented by 3 diacritics “Č, Š, Ž” and includes 3 digraphs “NJ, LJ and DŽ”. There are a total of 28 graphemes in the Slovenian alphabet. Great influence The Slovenian language was influenced by the languages of the Germanic group. Due to the fact that the territory of Slovenia long time was part of first the Holy Roman, then the Austrian Empires and, finally, part of Austria-Hungary, this could not but affect the language. The more or less pure Slovenian language was preserved mainly in the provinces, but in large cities the influence was very noticeable German language. This influence is still felt by the presence of a large number of Germanisms.
In total, there are about 50 dialects in the Slovenian language, which can differ significantly from each other, both in pronunciation and spelling of words. The basis of modern literary language, which was finally formed in the middle of the century before last, are considered the “Gorenjski” and “Dolenjski” dialects.
Spelling, punctuation and grammar rules in the modern Slovenian language are very similar to Russian and are based on general rules For Slavic languages. But there are some distinctive differences that make sense to dwell on in more detail. For example, there is such a thing as “dual”. Dual is a dual number in cases, declensions and conjugations. Also, to indicate time in the Slovenian language, as in English, they use auxiliary verbs. There are still small differences from the Russian language in the use and rules of use of prepositions and participles, but they are not very significant.
One more interesting feature Slovenian language consists of words that phonetically sound identical to Russian, but have a different semantic meaning. For example, crypt (sklep) - a conclusion, table (stol) - actually means a chair, etc. There are also many words that have not direct, but indirect consonance. For example, a cannon “puška” is a gun. What is also surprising is that large number words have remained unchanged over the centuries and are still in wide use. Such as eye, lepo, finger, mouth, told and many others. This directly points to its Slavic roots, however, as previously mentioned, Germanisms have become very widespread, which can be used along with Slovenian words. So, for example, a pillow can be called blazina in Slovenian, or German word polster and both options will be correct.
So, despite all the apparent simplicity of the Slovenian language, learn and learn to speak and understand correctly, and even more so to read or write, is quite difficult task. After all, for a comfortable everyday communication you will need approximately 800 words, and for reading or writing - about 3000-5000. However, these figures apply to informal or everyday communication. Vocabulary professional translator much wider, and the literary Slovenian language is considered quite complex, and most importantly, not very widespread even among the Slovenes themselves.
The Slovenian language is part of the group of South Slavic languages, has a number of features characteristic of West Slavic languages, it is one of the rare Indo European languages.
The Slovenian language is unique in its own way, as it has retained the dual number. What is a dual number? We use it when we talk about two objects, people, animals, and so on, and the plural begins with three. Nowadays, the dual number is in Arabic and Hebrew, it was also in the ancient Russian language, but over time the dual number was replaced by the plural. Although You can still find traces of the dual number in modern Russian (eyes, sleeves, ears, shoulders, glasses).
We invite you to Slovenia!!!
Pride (ponos) of a Slovenian
Slovenians are very proud of their dual number. And if you decide to learn the Slovenian language, you will have to master the dual number too. It’s not that difficult, but you will have to strain your memory. The Slovenian language is similar to Russian, you might think. And Yes And No, I will answer you. A lot common words, there are a lot of common verbs for us, the so-called Old Slavonic (mouth, eyes, forehead, oche-father). It will help you if you are well familiar with religious texts and Old Slavic literature. However, this similarity will often hinder you.
Slovenian alphabet
So where do we start? Slovenian alphabet (alphabet, primer), whatever you want to call it Slovenska Abeceda. 25 letters and 29 sounds, 5 vowels (8 vowel sounds), 20 consonants (21 sounds).
narrow (mleko) and the so-called “polglasnik” (pes-dog)
There is still sound dž(džezva)-j.
Don't Akayte
What is wide, narrow, etc.?
Brief information: strešica (^)– long and wide sound - okno, osa, sestra, oče, sejem;
ostrivec(´)– long and narrow - vitez, mati, repa, orožje;
krativec(`)– short and wide sound - študent, pes, miš. All these designations are indicated in the dictionary of the Slovenian language, link below. Regarding the wide, narrow, long and short sound of vowels, if you don’t know how to pronounce, pronounce narrow. Never transform Slovenian O V A. ABOUT Always O gotovina (gOTOvina) cash. In Russian we often write O, and we talk A: put, cow, I guess, firewood, dog, and so on. There are many examples, this akanye will give you away.
Peculiarities of pronunciation of the Slovenian language.
Pronunciation features: V-pronounced like short U, at the beginning of the word (vprašanje-uprashanye-question), before consonants (davčеn-dauchen-tax), at the end of the word igriv, also applies to prepositions- v redu (at redu-in order).
Consonant l pronounced short U at the end of the word (imel-imeu) and before the consonant jabolko-yabouko-apple.
Consonants at the end of the word are deafened Primož-Primosh, but ni Primoža (no Primoz).
There are words that do not have a single vowel prst-finger, krst-Kerst-baptism, vrt-vert-garden, prt-pert-tablecloth, vrv-verv-rope, cord, that is, we pronounce it as short E before R and emphasis on this E.
Accent in Slovenian
As for stress, there is no fixed stress, it can be on any syllable, you have to look it up in the dictionary, it often doesn’t match with Russian. Until you figure it out, you do something like this, I’d like to put it like this: post e lja, but speak differently p O stelja.
Refer to the Slovenian dictionary often
If you want to find some Slovenian word and learn as much as possible about it, I recommend using SSKJ Dictionary of the Slovenian book language Checking declension by cases
Slovenian fairy tales.
I recommend listening fairy tales in Slovenian they are told by both professional artists and ordinary grandparents, everyone’s diction is different, but also in ordinary life you will meet not only central television announcers.
Self-teaching textbook of the Slovenian language
As a self-teacher of the Slovenian language, I would recommend the following textbook: Slovenian language. Self-instruction manual. Shatko E.V. Publishing house “Live Sound”. Self-instruction manual of the Slovenian language for beginners. The most detailed book in Russian. In the tutorial you will find a lot useful information, after each lesson, exercises for consolidation, at the end of the textbook the correct answers.
We invite you to Slovenia!!!
We are ready to rent apartments in Ljubljana for the duration of your trip. You can see the photo. Send applications by email: [email protected]
When ordering an apartment for 10 days or more, instructions and advice on obtaining a residence permit as a gift.
How to learn Slovenian? Ways to study
Is it possible to learn Slovenian from scratch on your own? I think it’s possible if you are a very motivated and disciplined person. For others (not so strong-willed), there is training in the Slovenian language via Skype, if you live, for example, in Moscow. And if you have already moved to Slovenia, you can study individually. Or you can sign up, as I wrote in my article. Slovenian language courses take place in Price Shtupar and more. Usually there are 8-12 people in a group. Which method is right for you depends on many factors: money, motivation, self-organization, availability of free time, etc. In any case, the methods can be combined. Next time, we will start the topic: Grammar of the Slovenian language. See you!
Classmates
Well, I peeked into the neighboring Parmesan vegetable garden, and really, why not talk about the language that you will have to learn?
Slovenschina (Slovenščina), that is, Slovenian speech, a language like Russian, comes from the group of Slavic languages, so a person, even with limited learning abilities, will begin to speak and understand within 16-20 hours individual lessons with the teacher. An hour of private lessons with a Slovenian teacher costs approximately 15 euros per hour, if the tutor works unofficially. For commercial courses, an individual hour will cost 30-35 euros.
So, the language is very easy for a Russian speaker to learn: the most difficult thing about it for foreigners is the cases. But for the Russians this is not a problem, since there are also 6 of them and they absolutely coincide with ours. The second difficulty is modal verb“biti”, an analogue of the English to be, the principle of operation of which we are also very familiar with.
I remember the first lessons, the phrase “jaz sem tsar” could not leave my head, since in modern Slovenian it sounds “jaz sem tsar” (jaz sem car), where sem is one of the forms of the verb biti (“to be”, yeah? ).
A single Slavic root appears in the dictionary.
For example, a father is an eye (oče), a child is a youth (otrok), a dog is a dog (pes) and even the eyelash, which has a trepalnica, it is clear where the legs grow from.
Of course, such associative and direct matches are far from the basis of language. For example, a garden is vrt, and in grammar, in addition to singular and plural numbers, it seems that the only thing in the world there is a double number with its own forms and endings.
To integrate emigrants, Slovenia has organized free language courses for foreigners, which you can attend if it is documented that you are/will live here. For example, 60 hours can be obtained with a valid residence permit status for a period of at least 1 year, and an additional 120 hours or 180 hours can be obtained with a valid residence permit status for a period of at least 2 years. At the courses we often meet seemingly fluent “locals” - these are emigrated Bosnians and Serbs. Having lived in Slovenia for 10 years, they apply for citizenship, but having learned the language “by ear”, they speak cheerfully, but with a huge amount mistakes, and ultimately fail the mandatory language proficiency exam.
As for children, the adaptation period is, in principle, easy for them, although there will be a couple of unpleasant periods with tears (a la delusions of grandeur “Mom, everyone is discussing me, laughing at me, taking advantage of the fact that I don’t understand!”). Don't forget that the transition to new school stress is no less than an unfamiliar language environment, so divide everything by two.
After about six months, the children are calmly chatting, learning, and soon you will be asking them to translate this or that. This is a merit not only of immersion in the environment; the teacher additionally teaches Slovenian language to the child for an hour or two a week. There is a practice that for children whose language adaptation is more difficult, Russian-speaking volunteers are invited who can work with the child in both languages. The only thing I can advise, if you have doubts and think - I’ll raise my child, even if he goes to a Russian school for at least three years, it’s in vain. The younger the language environment in which you immerse your child, the easier ways communication, games, emotions, complexes tend to zero. When active games More important than intellectual communication, when children are open, the vocabulary is simpler - the baby’s adaptation will be much easier, and not only in terms of language.
My eldest daughter started going to kindergarten at 2.8 with her peers. A late-speaking child, she chatted only so-so in Russian. Now, 8 months later, she automatically switches between two languages without confusing words, sometimes replacing them if she doesn’t know exactly. She doesn't quote Hamlet in Slovenian because we generally prefer other bedtime stories and she doesn't speak it fluently, her vocabulary very limited. But he is limited only because that is what he is in younger group kindergarten. With the language development of her classmates, my Dasha will automatically raise her level to meet the language needs of her age.
If you have a little patience, my readers, then in the next article I will give incidental intersections of Slovenian and Russian (mind you, no comments a la “bayan!”), I will give a list teaching aids, recommended by tutors for language learning and useful, golden links to the grammatical mines of the Slovenian language.
lahko noč everyone ( Good night)! Adijo! (Bye).
Hello, I would like to make the next video about Slovakia on the topic of the Slovak language. Many who are interested have probably heard that Slovak looks like Russian and even more like Ukrainian - in fact it is so. But this does not mean that if you speak Russian or Ukrainian, you will immediately understand the Slovak language; however, if you start learning it, it will be much easier for you to do it than for a non-Russian-speaking or non-Ukrainian-speaking person, or if you were learning some other complex foreign language.
I don’t think it will be difficult for anyone to learn such new Slovak words as chlieb, syr, smotanou, klobása. But there are also many words that have nothing in common with the Russian language, but they are similar or the same as Ukrainian, for example: ďakujem, týždeň, počkať - and many similar ones. Although there are words that, on the contrary, are confusing, that is, those that are in our language and present in Slovak, but in the latter they mean a different concept, for example: stigliy (Ukrainian) - ripe, ripe, and in Slovak this means thin. But the worst of all are words that are completely opposite in meaning, for example: čerstvý, we all know that stale bread is not good, and we don’t want to buy it, but here čerstvý means fresh. Everything in the store is always “stale”, especially the bread.
There is also a lot of confusion with the word vegetables, in Ukrainian it is ovochі, and in Slovak there is a word ovocie, which means fruit. And if you want to talk about vegetables, then this is zelenina. And such words are very confusing.
To the ear, of course, Slovak is similar to our languages, because, being, for example, somewhere in Germany, you immediately hear when people walk aside and speak Russian, because their speech stands out against the background of German or Turkish; and in Slovakia, at first it seemed to me that everyone around was speaking Russian, when you didn’t hear any individual words, but just the general background of speech or some fragments of phrases. Probably, intonations, words, sentences are similar in the Slovak and Russian languages.
Let me note that the ease of a language does not mean that it is not necessary to learn it. This must be done. There are a lot of language courses in Bratislava, even free ones, provided by the immigration center. To get to these courses, you don’t need to have any documents - you can just be a tourist who came, sat down and started classes. The teacher met you and asked your name, and that's enough.
Everyone knows that it is much easier to learn a language by immersing yourself in its environment. This is true, but our situation is such that there is no need for everyday communication in the Slovak language. If we don’t talk about stores, then, in principle, we don’t communicate with anyone, so we created for ourselves artificial conditions: we met the locals and, one might even say, became very good friends, we talk with them. And our communication looked like this: on the first day, most of our conversations were conducted in English, they asked for some words, rehearsed them and tried to somehow find common phrases for explanation. And now, when we talked for five evenings maximum, English speech is not present, all conversations take place only in Slovak, but, of course, with the phrases: “Speak more slowly, please - or. “What does this mean?” - and then Slovaks can explain the meaning in other words or with the help of gestures. After a month of dating, you can already communicate with these people. I think that everything will go faster and better, and I am sure that it is impossible to achieve similar results in German or Spanish.
In general, what conclusion I want to draw from all this is that the Slovak language is good, pleasant, interesting and quite easy for our people to learn. None of the European languages will be as easy for you as Slovak. Of course, this is a plus; the faster you learn the language, the faster you will join the new society, the easier it will be for you to adapt and the more pleasant it will be to be and live here. Therefore, learn the language, develop yourself and come to Slovakia.
Who will be interested in the following videos, subscribe to the channel, always stay informed, and I will try to post interesting and useful materials. Bye.
Anyone who has ever visited Slovenia has probably noticed that Slovenian language very similar to Old Russian or Old Slavonic! Remember Cyril and Methodius? It’s not just that in the Middle Ages, diplomats of Slovenian origin were often sent to Russia as representatives of the Holy Roman Empire to establish contact - they understood Russians without translators. A striking example of this is Baron Ziga Gerbenstein and his "Notes on Muscovy".
Therefore, the meaning of what the Slovenes say, of course, if they speak slowly, we actually immediately begin to understand. After all, fingers are fingers, a forehead is a forehead, an eye is an eye, and medicine is a pharmacy. But what often confuses us is the double (dual number). After all, in the Russian language there are only singular and plural numbers! And then there’s something dual: the two of us, the two of us - the devil himself will break his leg. So where did this number come from in the Slovenian language and was it in Old Russian? Yes of course it was!
In Old Russian, as in other languages, dual used to denote two or paired objects. Nouns in the dual form, as well as in the singular and plural forms of languages, changed according to cases. The loss of the dual number is a relatively late phenomenon: it is assumed that this refers to the era after the formation of the three East Slavic languages, that is, to the era of the XIV - XV centuries. So, in the history of the Russian language the dual number disappeared, but in modern language traces of him remained.
These primarily include forms with a stressed ending “ -A”, which are formed from words denoting paired objects: “horns, sides, eyes, banks, sleeves.” All of them are in origin forms of the nominative case of the dual number.
Nominative plural in the Old Russian language had the ending “-i”: “roses And, fighter And, eye And, birch And, sleeve And». 
By implying the plural, we put these words in the dual form. The words “shoulders, knees” have the same character, which are by origin a form of the nominative case of the dual number from the words “shoulder, knee” (the nominative plural form was “shoulder, knee”). Take, for example, Pushkin: “Wash your face, shoulders and chest” (“Eugene Onegin”).
And of course, one of the striking examples of doubles is the word that remains in the Russian language "both".
Therefore, you should not be surprised that while traveling around Slovenia, you involuntarily begin to develop sympathy for the Slovenians and their way of life. We are not so different!
