The spelling of the prefixes is neither. NI in negative pronouns and negative adverbs. Spelling particles for nouns and adjectives

Spelling NOT and NOR.

Spelling no and no in different parts speech.

The rule is divided into two parts:

continuous or separate writing NOT with all parts of speech;

difference between NOT and NOR

Rule.

Integrated and separate spelling NOT (the picture can be enlarged by clicking on it)

Distinguish!

Depending on conditions

Part of speech	Together	Separately
nouns, adjectives	= synonym without non-: insincerity = hypocrisy, unpopular = little known	Opposition (union A or antonym), it is impossible to find a synonym: not caution, but cowardice not a mathematician
adverbs	1. Adverbs ending in –O, -E = synonym without non-: not difficult to do (=easy) 2. in negative adverbs: nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no need 3. No wonder = not in vain	1. Adverbs ending in –O, -E, if there is a conjunction a, antonym: lives not close, but far 2. Adverbs not ending in –O, -E: not on time 3. Not for nothing = not free
pronouns	Negative and uncertain NOT/NOR + who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which	1. Others: not yours, not me, not everyone 2. Negative and indefinite, if there is a preposition between them: no one, no need
participles	Without dependent words: unwritten letter In combination with adverbs of measure and degree: absolutely unfinished task	With dependent words: a letter he didn't write
participles and adjectives with suffixes	No dependent words in instrumental case(by whom? with what?): least favorite dishes	With dependent words in the instrumental case: our least favorite dishes
Despite/despite	= contrary to: despite his illness, he went for a walk	Literally from the verbs “to look; look": walked without looking at his feet

Difference between NOT and NOR

In a simple sentence

NOT	NI
like denial	like strengthening negation, negation
1. With a verb, participle and gerund: I don't want milk, a nation that doesn't read books	1. For other parts of speech: I don't want milk or tea
	2. In sentences where there is no predicate: Not moving!
	3. In phraseological units: neither two nor one and a half neither alive nor dead no end no end neither fish nor fowl out of the blue neither this nor that
as a statement
2. Composite verbal predicate when repeated NOT... NOT = statement: I can't help but come in
3. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences with a general meaning: Who haven't I met!

IN complex sentence with the words where, where, how, when, what, who, how many NOT/NOR:

Parsing algorithm.

1. Identify the part of speech.

2. See if there are words in the sentence that are NOT always written separately.

3. Pay attention to whether there is a prefix NEDO- or a combination NOT DO-.

4. Regarding parts of speech, remember the rule.

Analysis of the task.

In which sentence is NOT written SEPARATELY with the word?

1) He lacks experience and (doesn’t) have enough patience.

2) Our country is (in)dependent.

3) Somehow they immediately (dis)loved him.

4) We stopped at a site that was not at all suitable for construction.

Option #1.

(Not) enough– verb with NOT (TO)-. Removing NOT-: he has enough patience. You can’t say that, it means it can’t be used without NOT. Write together!

Option #2.

(NOT)dependent – This is a short participle with the suffix –IM. The sentence does not have a dependent word in the instrumental case, which means we are NOT writing together.

Option #3.

(Not) fell in love– without NOT not used. Write together.

Spelling of adverbs and particles.

86. Particles something, -something, -something, -something are attached to a word using a dash (hyphen): someone, something, somewhere, give me.

Note. If the particle some- (some-) is separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then the dash is not placed: with someone, with something(cf.: someone, something).

Particle -yes written with a dash in words after all, after all and then when it follows the verb: I finally found out. In other cases, the particle after all written separately:
1)I still don’t believe him;
2)Still, we don’t give up.

Particles Not And neither.

87. Particle Not written together with words that are not used without it: Not report, Not vezhda, Not avoidable Not tolerable Not unshakable Not conquerable(by no one), Not fading, Not year old Not maybe Not really, Not lzya etc.

88. Not written together with nouns, adjectives and adverbs -O in the event that a noun, adjective or adverb with Not means one concept; in this case, it does not give the speech a negative meaning and could be replaced by an unambiguous word without negation, for example: Not happiness(trouble) Not buddy(enemy), Not Truth(lie), Not high(short), Not expensive(cheap).

89. Not written separately from nouns, adjectives and adverbs when further opposition is given or implied.

Examples. This Not Truth. but a lie. He's tired Not study, but idleness Truth, what?", "no study, And what?" Not high mountains We are separated by low hills. Not the one who is right is punished, and the one who is guilty is punished. He's still Not old. Apple Not tasty but disgusting. In these cases, you can always ask: “do not high, and which ones?", "not right, and which one?", "not tasty, what is it like?" (Cf.: The apple is green and Not tasty.) He entered Not cautiously but recklessly("Not carefully, but how?"). He Not knows a lot(he doesn’t know much, but knows little) (“not many, how much?”) [Compare: He is used to doing everything quickly, extremely Not carefully. He Not knows a lot(knows something)].

Note 1. You should pay attention to two cases of separate writing of a particle Not: 1) if with an adjective, noun or adverb (in -O ), which includes negation Not , there is to strengthen the denial explanatory words expressed by negative pronouns or adverbs with neither (nothing , no use , not at all , not at all , nowhere etc.), then the particle Not written separately: nothing Not wonderful village; neither why Not capable person ; neither In what sense Not success; neither to what extent Not successfully; 2) if the particle Not is part of intensifying negative combinations: far Not , not at all Not , at all Not , then these combinations are always written separately from the word following them (in such cases opposition is always implied): far Not profitable enterprise, not at all Not fair decision, at all Not stupid, at all Not Badly, far Not Friend etc.

On the contrary, in the presence of words denoting degree: very, very, extremely, in highest degree, completely, almost, partly- particle Not written together: the deal is very Not profitable(unprofitable), it's almost Not politeness(coarseness), very Not interesting(boring) story, acted to the highest degree Not carefully(rashly) this is extreme Not profitable(unprofitable).

Writing Not with different parts of speech depends on whether Not part of a word (prefix) or a separate word - a negative particle. Prefix Not- written together with the part of the word that follows it, particle Not written separately with the word following it. Compare for example: It’s not execution that’s scary, it’s your disfavor that’s scary.(P.); A difficult lot, not a joyful one, / Was drawn out for you by fate, / And early on, with a merciless life, / You entered into an unequal battle(Tyutch.).

The difficulty for the writer is to distinguish between particles and prefixes. The rules are structured to help the writer differentiate the prefix Not- and a particle Not and based on this, choose a combined or separate spelling.

Particle Not expresses negation without creating a new word, whereas with the help of a prefix Not- a word is created, compare: The reason for this is not experience, but prudence. And Inexperience leads to disaster(P.).

With words of only grammatical categories Not can only be written separately, with words of other categories - both together and separately. In addition, there are conditions that determine only continuous writing Not regardless of the grammatical category of words. Only the negative is written separately Not , relating to a whole phrase.

Continuous writing NOT

Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word negation Not written together in following cases.

1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of a word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word, For example:

Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, problems, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, infidel;

Adjectives (as well as adverbs formed from them in O ): careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchangeable, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, unending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, miserable, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;

Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unwell, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;

Adverbs and other fixed words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really.

2. If the part of the word without, not in independent use, has a different meaning unrelated to this word , For example: ignorance(‘lack of awareness’; conducting means ‘field of activity’, compare: was in his charge...); flaw('flaw'; prosperity means ‘prosperity, lack of need’); misfortune(‘trouble’, not ‘lack of happiness’), unimportant('bad'; important means ‘proud’ and ‘significant’); narrow-minded(‘not very smart’; far means 'located on long distance’); lack(meaning ‘not enough’), enemy('enemy'). Compare also: unprecedented case, incorrect light, incredible event, impossible character, involuntary lie, worthless boy, immediate response, immediate reaction; unevenness(meaning ‘uneven place on the surface’); no wonder(meaning ‘not in vain’).

3. As part of the prefixes under- and nebez- (heaven-):

under- with the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to the norm, for example: underweight, imperfection, runt, underestimation, shortcoming; unripe, underdeveloped; underfulfill, underdelive, undernourish, underreceive, understate, underlook, undersalt, undersleep, undersupply;

From verbs with a prefix under- verbs with the prefix should be distinguished to- and the preceding particle Not(such verbs with a particle Not denote an action not completed). Compare: Didn't look after the child And Didn't watch the play to the end; They are chronically malnourished And He usually doesn't finish his portion.

not without- (heaven-) with a value of a moderate but quite significant degree of the attribute, for example: notorious(‘quite famous’), not unreasonable, not useless(‘quite useful’), not fruitful(‘pretty effective’).

Separate writing NOT

Negation is not written separately in the following cases.

1. With all forms of verbs :

a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don't know, don't know, don't know, didn't know, didn't know, take your time, take your time, take your time, don't like it, no luck;

b) with short forms of participles, for example: not used, not starched, not uncorked, not designed, not closed, not occupied, not drunk;

c) with participles, for example: without wanting, without being distracted, without haste, without joking, without having time, without meeting.

From gerunds with a particle Not should be distinguished:

a) adverb immediately(‘immediately, immediately’), compare: Got to work immediately And Without delaying the answer, he sat down to write the letter;

b) complex prepositions despite, despite, compare: Came despite the difficulties And Walked without looking around; c) union despite the fact that.

2. With numerals and counting nouns , For example: not one, not two, not five, not both, not the sixth, not a hundred, not a thousand, not a million.

3. With pronominal words , For example: not me, not me, not you, not you, not he, not that one, not mine, not ours, not theirs, not anyone, not like that, not everyone, not everyone, not so much, not like that, not always, not everywhere, not in my own voice, not myself.

4. With adjectives used only in short form : not happy, shouldn't, not much.

5. With adverbs (except for those formed from adjectives using the suffix -O ), and also with unchangeable words used as a predicate , For example: not close, not on time, not completely, not rightly, not for the future, not seriously, not casually, not yesterday, not to the full, not tomorrow, not in vain, not otherwise, not forever, not forever, not on purpose, not very, not behind , not completely, not today, not too much, not from above, not immediately; no shame, not married, no shame, no need.

There are a few exceptions to this rule: adverbs not far away, inopportunely, shortly, not for long, not much can be written both together and separately.

6. With any words written with a hyphen, For example: not commercial and industrial, not scientific research, not a conference hall, not a social democrat, not comradely, not Russian, not ours.

7. With any combination of words :

a) with combinations consisting of significant words (in these cases, the negation does not refer to the word that follows Not , but to a whole phrase), for example: not a candidate of sciences, not a citizen of Russia, not a researcher, not a specialist in the field of philology, not directly proportional;

b) with prepositional combinations, for example: not for children, not for the sake of glory, not with them, not on the way, not without reason, not under authority, not according to conscience, not from the timid, not about war, not in the spirit, not able, not in my mind, not to the face, beyond the power.

Integrated/separate spelling NOT

With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in -O , full forms participles Not can be written both together and separately.

-O negation Not written separately in the following cases.

1. As part of structures with opposition : not... but, not... but, ... and not... In such designs Not can only be a negative particle, for example:

Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truths(compare: He told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(compare: His dislike for animals);

Not good man, but rather bad(compare: He's not a good person); The title is quirky and not original.(compare: Unoriginal title); Not an ordinary egg, but a golden one(compare: Not an easy question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher ;

You did not act badly, but terribly; It's not easy to figure this out, but it's very simple..

The particle is also written Not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a conjunction A , For example: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; It's not a pleasant sight - it's a breathtaking sight; A gift is not precious, but love is precious; He does not act more energetically - more fussy.

Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions A And But close in value to although, still, nevertheless, For example: The river was not wide, but deep; He is ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; Inexpensive gift, but pleasant; Ugly, but cute; Not stupid, but boring. Here it is not denied that the river was wide, that he is handsome, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that he is ugly, etc.

2. As part of constructions that reinforce negation:

A) with words not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all , For example: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) with negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, no, no, no etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He's not any prettier than his sister;

V) with the union neither... nor, For example: The man is not known to either the hosts or the guests; Not needed by me or you.

Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize affirmative meaning.

3. In combinations almost..., almost..., isn't it..., no further than..., no later than..., no earlier than...

With nouns, adjectives, adverbs -O negation is NOT written together in the following cases X

1. If the word with cannot be replaced with a word without a similar meaning. This possibility suggests that Not – a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(lie); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(difficult) not close(far), a lot(many).

2. If nouns and adjectives in combination with do not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena , For example: non-doctors, non-Franius, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-verses; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloodied, / Muse cut with a whip(Necr.); A non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries .

3. If there is no modifier or preposition before the noun c. The presence of these words is a sign that Not forms a single word with a given noun, for example: Dismissed for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his lack of prudence was his ever-present indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I doze at balls, / Before them, a mortal reluctance(Gr.).

4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb, -O there are words very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (quite enough), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, eminently– words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the characteristic, emphasizing the statement, For example: very unscrupulous work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely incomprehensibly and unsatisfactorily, very outstanding, very thoughtless, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly an inappropriate undertaking, rather unsuccessful ending, quite consistent, blatantly illiterate, extremely unfavorable circumstances , highly indecent.

However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words written with not separately. Compare for example: absolutely(completely) unsuccessful performance And he is absolutely human(completely) not old(possibly a synonymous combination not old at all).

5. If the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs contains qualifying adverbs , For example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, increasingly inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in construction with conjunctions than... the, For example: the simpler the better; the further you go, the more disappointing.

From a number of adjectives with the prefix Not- and corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with Not- from words that have forms with a suffix -e And -she (For example: not rich, not easy, not loud, not subtle, not far), with stressed suffix -her (For example: weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the usual spellings are not richer, not simpler, not louder, not further, not stronger, not clearer, not more fun.

However, very rarely forms of comparative degree from such formations with Not- found, for example: The floating ghost has become even more unclear(P.); There was nothing simpler, more secretive than him in all the Izvals(Boon.).

In all other cases, in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize negation or affirmation and, therefore, distinguish the particle Not from the console Not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing a negation or emphasizing a statement - are possible in meaning in a given context.

If it is possible to substitute words that express opposition or strengthen negation ( at all, not at all etc.), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; The weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.

If possible, substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough etc.), Not written together, for example: The way there(Very) close-minded; They live(very) not rich; The weather was(enough) not hot; He(Very) restless; They(obviously) innocent; Left, but(Very) not for long; May be,(Very) and it’s a good thing he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.

Unlike participles, with any dependent words (except for words that strengthen negation), writing such adjectives with Not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unfamiliar to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.

Thus, the writer must be aware of what he wants to express: the negation of a sign - and then write Not separately from the next word(For example: he is not healthy, it doesn’t matter, cases are not rare, not by chance, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or statement of the attribute - and then write Not together (compare: he is unhealthy, it is not uncommon, it does not matter, it is not by chance, it is insignificant, it is not surprising, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will determine the understanding of what is written by the readers.

With full forms of participles, the negation is not written separately:

A) if they have dependent words , For example: a person who does not disdain any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who haven't seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; an object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; roof not painted since spring;

b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, For example: this is not a finished work, but some sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - loved; not at all reassured, not at all embarrassed, not at all happy, not noticed by anyone, never depressed, not loved by anyone.

Negation is not written together with full forms of participles:

A) in the absence of dependent words , For example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, non-working pensioners, non-combatants, unbloomed flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;

b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement, for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unreasonable demands.