Compound nominal examples. Compound verb predicate. Compound nominal predicate. The question of including the infinitive in the scope of the predicate

The grammatical basis of the sentence. The concept of the main members of a sentence

The grammatical basis of a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.

In grammatical terms they are expressed grammatical meanings offers. They are associated with the meanings of moods and tense of the predicate verb.

The troops are moving to the front.

(The action actually happens and takes place in the present tense).

Yesterday he came to see us.

(The action actually happened, but in the past tense).

You should talk to your mother, Ivan!

(The action is not realized in reality, but is desired by the speaker).

The subject and predicate are called the main members of a sentence because all the minor members in a sentence directly or indirectly extend them.

Let us show the dependence of the minor terms on the main ones in the following diagram:

The astonished Varenukha silently handed him an urgent telegram.

Subject as a member of a sentence. Subject expression forms

The subject is the main member of the sentence, which denotes the subject of speech and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

The subject in Russian can be expressed in different ways, sometimes in “unusual” forms. The following table will help you correctly determine the subject.

Basic ways of expressing the subject.

Part of speech in subject position
Noun in i. p.	Language reflects the soul of the people.
Pronoun in i. p.	He left. Who was there? This is right. This is my brother (for questions: who is this?) The house, which was barely standing, belonged to a forester. (Here note the subject in subordinate clause.) The sparks that flew from the fire seemed white. (Here, pay attention to the subject of the subordinate clause.) Someone has come. Everyone fell asleep.
Infinitive	Being honest is half the battle. To understand means to sympathize. Smoking is harmful to health.
Combination of words (one of which is in i.p.)	He and I visited there often. Two clouds float across the sky.
A combination of words without and. p.	About an hour passed.

Predicate as a member of a sentence. Types of predicate

The predicate is the main member of a sentence, which is connected with the subject by a special connection and has a meaning expressed in the questions what does the subject of speech do? what's happening to him? what is he like? what is he? Who is he? etc.

The predicate in Russian can be simple or compound. A simple (simple verbal) predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of some mood.

Compound predicates are expressed in several words, one of them serves to connect with the subject, while the others carry the semantic load. In other words, in compound predicates, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.

(Verb was Colonel

(Verb started serves to connect with the subject, to the word work the semantic load of the predicate decreases.)

Among compound predicates, a distinction is made between compound verbal and compound nominal predicates.

Learn more about predicate types. Simple verb predicate

A simple verbal predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of some mood.

It can be expressed by the following verb forms:

Present and past tense forms of the verb.
Future tense form of the verb.
Forms of conditional and imperative mood verb.

We emphasize that in the case of you will be expected tomorrow, the simple verb predicate is expressed compound form future tense of the verb to wait.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verbal predicate consists of two components - an auxiliary verb, which serves to communicate with the subject and expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb, which expresses its main lexical meaning and carries the main semantic load.

(Here I started - this is auxiliary verb, and gnaw is an indefinite form of a verb that carries a semantic load.)

(Here I don’t want is an auxiliary verb, and to offend is an indefinite form of a verb that carries a semantic load.)

The role of an auxiliary verb can be a combination of some short adjectives (must, glad, ready, obligated, etc.) and an auxiliary verb-linking be in the form of one of the moods (in the present tense this linking is omitted).

(here the copula will be omitted).

So, let’s imagine the structure of a compound verbal predicate with the formula:

CONDITION VERB SKAZ. = AUXILIARY VERB + UNDEFINED FORM

Composite nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate consists of two components: a copular verb that serves to connect with the subject and expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part that expresses its main lexical meaning and carries the main semantic load.

(Here the copular verb becomes, and the nominal part is expressed by the adjective viscous.)

(Here the copular verb will be, and the nominal part of the predicate is expressed by the noun handball player.)

Let us imagine the structure of a compound nominal predicate with the formula:

CONDITION NAME SKAZ. = CONNECTION. VERB + NAME PART

The nominal part of a compound nominal predicate is expressed by the following parts of speech: noun, adjective (full and short, different forms of degrees of comparison), participle (full and short), numeral, pronoun, adverb, word of the state category, verb in the indefinite form.

In the Russian language, at least four main types can be distinguished one-part sentences.

Basic types of two-part sentences

Form of expression of subject and predicate	Examples
The subject is expressed by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, the predicate - by a specific form of the verb.
The subject is expressed by a noun or pronoun in the nominative case, the predicate - by a noun in the nominative case. In the past and future tense, a linking verb appears and the case in the predicate changes to instrumental.
The subject is expressed by the indefinite form of the verb or a phrase based on it, the predicate - also by the indefinite form of the verb. Particles are possible between the subject and the predicate, this means.
The subject is expressed by the indefinite form of the verb or a phrase based on it, the predicate - by an adverb.
The subject is expressed by the indefinite form of the verb or a phrase based on it, the predicate - by a noun in the nominative case or a phrase based on it. In the past and future tense, a linking verb appears and the case in the predicate changes to instrumental.
The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate - by the indefinite form of the verb or a phrase based on it. A linking verb appears in the past and future tenses.
The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate - by an adjective or participle (full or short) in the nominative case. In the past and future tenses, a linking verb appears in the predicate.

Knowing the main types of two-part sentences, it is easier to find grammatical basics in them.

Basic types of one-part sentences

	Typical form and meaning
Nominative (nominal) sentences	These are sentences where the main member is expressed by a noun or a pronoun-noun in the nominative case form. This main member is considered the subject and indicates that there is no predicate in the nominative sentence. Nominative sentences usually report that some phenomenon or object exists (are) in the present.	Large area in the city. Here's a bench.
Definitely personal proposals	The predicate is expressed by a verb in the 1st or 2nd person form. The ending of the verb in these cases clearly indicates the person and number of the pronoun (I, we, you, you). There is no need to use these pronouns as subjects.
Vaguely personal proposals	The predicate is expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural form (in the present and future tense) or in the plural form (in the past tense). In such sentences, the action itself is important, and the doer is either unknown or unimportant to the speaker, so there is no subject in them.
Impersonal offers	These are sentences in which there is not and cannot be a subject, since they denote actions and states that are thought to occur “by themselves,” without the participation of an active agent. According to their form, these sentences are divided into two types: with a verbal predicate and with a predicate - a word of the state category. The verbal predicate can be expressed by a verb in the 3rd person singular form (in the present and future tense) or in the neuter singular form (in the past tense). This role is usually played by impersonal verbs or verbs in impersonal use. The verb predicate can also be expressed by the infinitive form of the verb.	To avoid freezing, she captured jacket
Impersonal offers	In addition, the predicate in an impersonal sentence can be the word No.	The owners are not at home.

Secondary members of the sentence: definition, addition, circumstance

All members of the sentence, except the main ones, are called secondary.

The secondary members of the sentence are not included in the grammatical basis, but extend (explain) it. They can also explain other minor members.

Let's demonstrate this with a diagram:

According to their meaning and role in the sentence, minor members are divided into definition, addition and circumstance. These syntactic roles are recognized by questions.

Appreciated (to what extent?) high- circumstance.

Appreciated (what?) canvases- addition.

Canvases (whose?) his- definition.

Supplement as part of a sentence. Types of add-ons

A complement is a minor member of a sentence that answers questions of indirect cases (i.e., all except the nominative) and denotes the subject. The object usually extends the predicate, although it can also extend other members of the sentence.

I enjoy reading (what?) magazines. (Here the addition logs extends the predicate.)

Reading (what?) magazines is a fascinating activity. (Here the journals complement extends the subject.)

Objects are most often expressed by nouns (or words in the function of nouns) and pronouns, but can also be represented by an indefinite form of a verb and complete phrases.

During the campaign he shaved with (what?) a bayonet. (Here the complement bayonet is expressed by a noun.)

This is understandable only to connoisseurs of (what?) beauty. (Here the complement of beauty is expressed by an adjective in the role of a noun.)

And I will ask you (about what?) to stay. (Here the complement to remain is expressed by the infinitive form of the verb.)

He read (what?) a lot of books. (Here the addition of many books is expressed by a combination that is integral in meaning.)

Additions can be direct or indirect.

Direct objects belong to transitive verbs and denote the object to which the action is directly directed. Direct objects are expressed in the accusative case without a preposition.

I don’t know when I’ll see my relatives now (v.p.).

These furnaces used to melt steel (v.p.).

All other additions are called indirect.

Play the piano (p.p.).

I put the bread on the table (v.p. with a preposition).

I was forbidden to worry (expressed in the infinitive form of the verb).

Predicate along with the subject, it is an element of the grammatical basis of the sentence. The predicate denotes the action that the subject performs, as well as its state or attribute, therefore, the predicate answers questions what to do? what to do? what happens to the item? what is the subject? what is he? Who is he? As a rule, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but there are other ways of expressing it - noun, adjective, pronoun, participle, etc.

The predicate of the Russian language is represented by three types - simple verbal predicate, compound verb and compound nominal. In order to quickly and correctly determine the type of predicate in a particular case, it is necessary, firstly, to present a diagram of the composition of the predicate, and secondly, to be able to apply the theoretical scheme to specific language material. Let's look at the types of predicates, briefly describe each of them and follow the implementation with an example.

1. Simple verb predicate.

This is the simplest type of predicate - it is expressed by a verb in some mood. For example, he plays; would have come earlier etc. Most often, this type is remembered using the formula: one word in the predicate, which means the predicate is a simple verb. It is not difficult to guess that this formula is erroneous: this type includes predicates that contain 2, 3 and even more words. For example:

He will for a long time recall about the past(future complex).

Let stars forever illuminate your long, long winter journey(imperative).

He lost his temper (phraseologism).

They waited, waited And didn't wait (repetition of one verb in different forms).

Spring waited, waited nature(repetition of the same verb forms).

Don't be offended, but it will still be in my opinion(repetition of one verb with the particle not).

I'll go for a walk (a combination of different verbs in the same form).

2. Compound verb predicate.

This predicate is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive. All these elements must be present in the predicate so that we can call it a compound verb! Again, you should not think that this predicate consists of 2 components - there may be more.

He wants to enroll to the institute.

I'm long couldn't with them meet.

You must study.

He was looking to have fun.

I was unable to think about this.

Note that phase verbs (those that denote the phase of action) most often act as auxiliary elements - start, continue, become, quit) or modal words ( must, must, wants).

3. Compound nominal predicate.

Such a predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part. The most common linking verb be, but you can also find other connections. The nominal part is expressed as an adjective. Noun, adverb, participle, pronoun, etc.

Weather was good.

The book is true Friend.

He has character harder steel.

Grass beveled.

Evening quiet.

Error was obvious.

Twice two - four.

This notebook my.

As you can see, determining the type of predicate is not a difficult task; you just need to confidently and completely know the material and, most importantly, be able to navigate it.

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Compound nominal predicate (grade 8), along with the subject, is one of the main members of the sentence. As you know, there are three types of predicates: simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate, compound nominal predicate. A simple verb is expressed by one full-valued word or related phrase. A compound verbal predicate includes two parts: an infinitive and a verb. What is a compound nominal predicate? To begin with, we note that it is studied in the 8th grade and consists of two parts: the connective and the nominal part.

Compound nominal predicate (8th grade)

Copula in a compound nominal predicate

The copula expresses modality and tense category. The following verbs can most often act as connectives:

The verb to be in all tense categories. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense form turns into a zero copula;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with the categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, get there, swim, fly away, come, etc.;

Katerina is excited and nervous due to unforeseen circumstances that arose on her way home. I will be first just to be better than you. If you become a good boy, maybe I'll take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cool outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel with everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of days gone by.
I wish I could leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

Types of ligaments

A compound nominal predicate has several types of ligaments, noticeably different from each other:

A few words about the form subjunctive mood, when used, a particle would be added to the abstract connective be. Suggestion: She would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

The connection is semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs appear, seem, appear, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-nominal connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.
Significant connection, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, talk, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Sentences: The geese walked around in the yard, as if they were the owners of the entire farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

The nominal part of a compound nominal predicate

The role of the nominal part is:

Summer days become shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be back later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental case).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This year's summer was unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in the positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extremely rich. Honey collected from your own apiary is so sweet. (adjective in short form).
All mistakes made when writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly felt scared. It was quite strange (adverb).

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its peculiarity is the presence of two parts: connectives and nominal parts. The problem of modern school education is that sometimes students do not have time to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates in class, as a result of which they are unable to find and define one of the main members of a sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.

In this article we will talk about the types of predicates, dwell in detail on the compound nominal and its connectives, and give examples.

As you know, the grammatical basis of the entire sentence is made up of the predicate and subject - the main members. The predicate usually agrees in person, gender and number with the subject. It expresses the grammatical meaning of the indicative, imperative or conditional mood.

3) compound nominal predicate (see examples below).

They are divided according to two principles. The types of predicates are classified as follows:

In the first case, types such as simple and compound are distinguished. The latter includes compound nominal and verbal predicates. Based on the second principle, nominal and verbal are distinguished. The nominal part of a compound predicate can be expressed as an adjective, noun and adverb. These divisions intersect. Thus, a verbal predicate can be compound or simple, but a nominal predicate is always compound.

A simple verbal predicate, the definition of which, as you will see, has some nuances, expresses the verb in conjugated form, that is, used in the form of the mood (indicative, conditional or imperative). It also includes those options that do not have a formal indicator of tense, mood and subordination to the subject. These are truncated forms of the verb (grab, push, bam, etc.), as well as the infinitive used in the indicative mood. In addition, a simple verbal predicate can be represented by a phraseological phrase, as well as a conjugated form of the verb + a modal particle (come on, yes, let, let, as if, it was, as if, exactly, as if, just, etc.)

As already mentioned, the nominal type is always compound, including those cases when it is represented by only one word form. Despite the fact that there is only one word expressing it, such sentences contain a compound nominal predicate. We give the following examples: “He is young. He is worried about his work and worries.”

Such predicates always have two components. The first is a copula that expresses predicative categories of time and modality. The second is the connecting part, it indicates the real main content of this type of predicate.

The doctrine of the copula in the Russian science of syntax has been developed in detail. The peculiarity of the traditional approach is that this term is understood broadly. Firstly, the connective is the word “to be”, the only meaning of which is to indicate tense and modality. Secondly, it refers to verbs with a modified and weakened meaning to one degree or another, which express not only predicative categories, but also put material content into such a predicate.

Compare examples: he was sad - he seemed (became) sad - he came back sad.

In the first sentence, the connective “to be” is abstract, it is a function word, a formant, which has grammatical forms of tense and mood, which is characteristic of a verb. However, it is not a verb, since it does not have a procedural action or attribute, as well as the category of aspect that any of them possesses.

Other examples present connectives of a different type—nominal and semi-nominal. The latter introduce the meaning of the emergence of a feature (to become/become), its preservation (to remain/to remain), external detection (to appear/to appear), to the inclusion of an external carrier (to be known/to be known, to be called, to be considered) into a compound nominal predicate.

The following examples can be given: he became smart - he remained smart - he seemed smart - he was known as smart.

Denominative connectives are verbs with a definite, specific meaning (mostly denoting movement or being in a particular state). They are able to attach to themselves either a noun in the etc. with meaning qualitative characteristics, or an adjective in the form T.p. or I.p.

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate with significant connectives can be given as examples:

The connective “to be,” being abstract, does not have a present tense form in the indicative mood, therefore its expression in this mood is the very absence of the connective. Such sentences, oddly enough, also have a compound nominal predicate. Examples:

The verb “to be”, which has two meanings, should be distinguished from the copula:

1. To be present (We were in the theater. There were many performances at that time).

The words “essence” and “is”, which go back to the third person present tense forms of the verb “to be”, in modern language are considered in official words, namely, particles.

The absence of a connective is called its zero form. This definition was formulated by A. M. Peshkovsky; it was the first attempt to study syntactic phenomena in a paradigmatic aspect. Introduction this concept means that syntactic construction(that is, the predicative basis of some nominal two-part sentence) is studied not as such separately, but in a certain series. The following examples illustrate this:

We looked at such types of predicates as simple verb and compound nominal. Let us now dwell in more detail on the compound verbal predicate. It includes two components - the infinitive and the conjugated verb form. The last one grammatical form and by lexical meaning expresses the temporal, modal and aspectual characteristics of some action, which is indicated by the infinitive. The infinitive can be attached to verbs belonging to several semantic groups (wanted to work, started working, came to work, forced to work).

Compound predicate, according to grammatical tradition, is not any connection with the infinitive of the conjugated form. In order to be able to talk about it, two requirements must be met:

1. The infinitive in such a predicate does not denote any action, but only a certain substance, the same as the conjugated verbal form, that is, some object called the subject.

The following examples can be given. On the one hand, he wanted to work, he started working, he can work, he knows how to work. On the other hand, his parents forced him to work, everyone asked the girl to sing, the boss ordered him to complete the task. In the first case, in which compound verbal predicates are presented, the infinitive is usually called subjective, since it denotes the action of some substance, the same as the conjugated verbal form. In the second case, there is an objective infinitive, which is traditionally not included in the compound predicate, but is spoken of as a secondary member.

2. When determining the boundaries of a compound predicate, one should take into account the nature of the semantic relationship between the infinitive and the conjugated verbal form. The infinitive with the meaning of purpose is not included in it. It has this meaning with various verbs of motion: I came to work, I came to chat, I came running to find out, I was sent to find out. The infinitive of the goal (which can be, as is clear from the examples, both objective and subjective) is a minor member. Only compounds of the infinitive with verbs that are the most abstract in meaning (with modal and phase verbs) should be considered compound predicates.

The compound verbal predicate is thus understood as a designation of an action, some procedural feature, which is characterized in aspectual (started to work) or modal (wanted to work) terms, or simultaneously in both of them (wanted to start working).

We examined the main types of predicates, dwelling in detail on the compound nominal and the various connectives that are present in it. It's just brief overview this topic, more detailed information can be found in any grammar textbook in the section on syntax.

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which usually agrees with the subject (in number, person or gender) and has the meaning expressed in questions: what does the item do? what's happening to him? what is he like? what is he? Who is he?

The predicate expresses the grammatical meaning of one of the moods (indicative mood - present, past, future tense; conditional mood, imperative mood).

Simple verb predicate. Compound verbal predicate - SGS. Compound nominal predicate - SIS

Simple verb predicate (PGS)

Ways to express a simple verbal predicate

A gloomy morning is coming.
It was a gloomy morning.
Sergey will enter drama school.
He would gladly go to the village.
Write down your homework.

3. Interjective verb forms (truncated forms of a verb like bam, grab, jump)

4. Phraseological phrase with the main word - a verb in conjugated form

The team won the championship.
He's chasing the quitter again.

5. Verb in conjugated form + modal particle ( yes, let, let, come on, come on, it was as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly, hardly, almost, just etc.)

Let me go with you.
Let him go with his father.
May you have sweet dreams.
He started to walk towards the door, but suddenly stopped.
The room seemed to smell of smoke.
He seemed petrified with fright.
He almost died of grief.
He just did somersaults, trying to make the audience laugh.
He was almost crazy with joy.

Compound predicates are predicates in which the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning (tense and mood) are expressed in different words. Lexical meaning is expressed in the main part, and the grammatical meaning (tense and mood) is expressed in the auxiliary part.

Wed: He started singing(PGS). – He started to sing(GHS); He was sick for two months(PGS). – He was sick for two months(SIS).

A compound verb predicate (CVS) consists of two parts:

a) the auxiliary part (verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) the main part (infinitive form of the verb) expresses the lexical meaning.

SGS = auxiliary verb + infinitive. For example: I started singing; I want to sing; I'm afraid to sing.

However, not every combination of a conjugated verb with an infinitive is a compound verbal predicate! In order for such a combination to be a compound verbal predicate, two conditions must be met:

The auxiliary verb must be lexically incomplete, that is, it alone (without an infinitive) is not enough to understand what the sentence is about.

If in the combination “verb + infinitive” the verb is significant, then it alone is a simple verbal predicate, and the infinitive is a minor member of the sentence.

The action of the infinitive must relate to the subject (it is a subjective infinitive). If the action of the infinitive refers to another member of the sentence (objective infinitive), then the infinitive is not part of the predicate, but is a minor member.

Wed:
1. I want to sing. I want to sing– compound verbal predicate ( I want - I, sing will – I).
2. I asked her to sing. Requested– simple verbal predicate, sing- addition ( asked - I, sing will - she).

Compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part – bunch(verb in conjugated form) expresses grammatical meaning (tense and mood);
b) main part – nominal part(name, adverb) expresses lexical meaning.

Examples: He was a doctor; He became a doctor; He was sick; He was sick; He was wounded; He came first.

Verb be can act as an independent simple verbal predicate in sentences with the meaning of being or possessing:

Verbs become, becomes, turn out to be etc. can also be independent simple verbal predicates, but in a different meaning:

The most difficult to analyze are compound nominal predicates with a denominator, because usually such verbs are independent predicates (cf.: He was sitting by the window). If a verb becomes a connective, its meaning becomes less important than the meaning of the name associated with the verb ( He sat tired; more important is that he was tired, not what He sat and not stood or lying).

For the combination “nominal verb + name” to be a compound nominal predicate, the following conditions must be met:

the significant verb can be replaced by the grammatical connective be:

He sat tired - He was tired; He was born happy - He was happy; He came first - He was first;

He sat tired - He was tired; He was born happy - He is happy; He came first - He is the first.

If a verb has dependent forms of a full adjective, participle, ordinal number (answers the question Which?), then this is always a compound nominal predicate ( sat tired, left upset, came first). Parts of such a compound nominal predicate are not separated by commas!

2) short adjectives and participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate;

3) nominative and instrumental cases– basic case forms of the nominal part of the predicate;

4) the nominal part of the predicate can be expressed as a whole phrase in the same cases as the subject.

1. The short form of an adjective and especially a participle is mistaken for a verb, so the predicate is mistakenly considered a simple verb. To avoid mistakes, put the predicate in the past tense: the suffix -l appears in the verb, and a short adjective or participle will have the connective was ( was, was, were).

For example:
He is sick(PGS). – He was sick ;
He's sick(SIS). – He was sick ;
The city is taken(SIS). – The city was taken .

2. A short neuter adjective (the nominal part of the predicate) is confused with an adverb ending in -o. To avoid mistakes, pay attention to the form of the subject:

if there is no subject (one-part sentence), then the nominal part of the predicate is an adverb.

if the subject is an infinitive, a feminine noun, masculine, noun in plural, then the nominal part of the predicate is an adverb:

Living is good; Life is good; Children are good;

if the subject is a neuter noun, change the number of the subject or substitute another subject - a feminine or masculine noun: the form of the adverb will not change; the ending of the short adjective will change; You can also replace a short adjective with a full one.

Wed: The sea is calm(SIS; the nominal part is expressed by a short adjective). – The river is calm; The seas are calm; The sea is calm).

3. The nominal part of the predicate, expressed by a full adjective, participle, ordinal number, is mistakenly parsed as a minor member - a definition. In order not to make a mistake, pay attention to which word starts the question which? to this name.

If the question is posed from the subject or object, then this is a definition.

Wed: She had red(which?) dress ; red- definition.

If the question Which? is placed from a verb, then this is the nominal part of the predicate.

Wed: Her dress was(which?) red ; red– the nominal part of the predicate.

If there is no verb in the sentence, then pay attention to the word order:

the attribute usually comes before the subject noun.

the nominal part of the predicate usually comes after the subject noun.

4. The nominal part of the predicate, expressed by a noun or pronoun in the nominative case, is often confused with the subject. It is especially difficult to distinguish between the subject and the predicate if both members are expressed in the nominative case.

To distinguish between the subject and the predicate, expressed in the nominative case, consider the following:

However, in Russian the predicate can also precede the subject.

the demonstrative particle this stands or can be placed before the predicate:

Moscow is the capital of Russia; The capital of Russia is Moscow; Ivan Ivanovich is a good person.

Please note that in sentences like: This is good; This is my brother – This is the subject expressed demonstrative pronoun in the nominative case;

the subject can only be expressed in the nominative case form; The predicate has two main case forms - nominative and instrumental cases. If you put the connective be in the past tense ( was, was, was, were) or the copula appear, then the form of the nominative case of the predicate will change to the instrumental form, and for the subject it will remain the same.

Wed: Moscow was the capital of Russia; Moscow is the capital of Russia; Ivan Ivanovich was a good man; Ivan Ivanovich is a good person.

Indicate the type of predicate.
Indicate how the nominal part is expressed, in what form the linking verb is.

Fine Fine expressed by an adverb; grammatical connective be

Came first– compound nominal predicate. Nominal part first expressed by an ordinal number in the nominative case; significant copula came expressed by a verb in the past tense of the indicative mood.

Average height– compound nominal predicate. Nominal part average height expressed as a whole phrase with the main word - a noun in the genitive case; grammatical connective be– in zero form; the zero copula indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

> Read also other topics Chapter 1 “The grammatical basis of a sentence”:

> Go to the table of contents of section 1 “Simple sentence” of the book “Russian language course. Syntax and punctuation"

The copula expresses modality and tense category. The following verbs can most often act as connectives:

The verb to be in all tense categories. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense form turns into a zero copula;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with the categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, get there, swim, fly away, come, etc.;

Katerina is excited and nervous due to unforeseen circumstances that arose on her way home. I will be first just to be better than you. If you become a good boy, maybe I'll take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cool outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel with everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of days gone by.
I wish I could leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

A compound nominal predicate has several types of ligaments, noticeably different from each other:

The connective is abstract, represented by the verb to be. This verb has only one function - to express grammatical meaning, that is, the categories of tense, mood, gender, number. The main thing that should not be forgotten when defining a compound nominal predicate with a zero connective is that in the form of the present tense this connective is not materially expressed, but is only implied. For example, in a sentence: she is a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition. The main members of the sentence are highlighted: she is the subject, expressed by a pronoun, doctor is a compound nominal predicate, with the zero copula omitted. The copula in the form of the present tense in a compound nominal predicate is omitted because in Russian, unlike English, it is not customary to say this: she is a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition. It's cacophonous.

In the past and future forms, the verb to be expresses clearly. The same context: she was a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition, and she will be a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition. In the sentences, compound nominal predicates with the abstract connective be are highlighted. A few words about the form of the subjunctive mood; when used, a particle would be added to the abstract connective be. Suggestion: She would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

The connection is semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs appear, seem, appear, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-nominal connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.
Significant connection, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, talk, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Sentences: The geese walked around in the yard, as if they were the owners of the entire farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

noun in the nominative or instrumental case;
adjective in comparative, positive degree;
adjective in short form;
Communion;
adverb;
pronoun.

Summer days are getting shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be back later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental case).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This year's summer was unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in the positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extremely rich. Honey collected from your own apiary is so sweet. (adjective in short form).
All mistakes made when writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly felt scared. It was quite strange (adverb).

She is a teacher with higher education.
Yura will become a driver after completing his training.
The dress that Nina's mother bought for graduation was polka dot.
The defendant's actions were unfounded.
The video tutorial was weak, so it was of no use.
Masha seemed two heads taller than her classmates, so she looked overgrown.
Linar is the strongest in the pull-up class, so there is no point in fighting him.
There was a lot of noise in the class, so the teacher seemed tired.
No matter how bitter it was, I had to confirm that this briefcase was mine.
Katerina was sixth in line for bread.
She is the worst student in the class.

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its peculiarity is the presence of two parts: connectives and nominal parts. The problem of modern school education is that sometimes students do not have time in class to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates, as a result of which it is impossible to find and define one of the main members of a sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.

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Predicate(in syntax) - the main member of a sentence associated with the subject and answering the questions: “what does an object (or person) do?”, “what happens to it?”, “what is it like?”, “what is it?”, “ Who is he? etc. The predicate denotes the action or state of objects and persons that are expressed by the subject. The predicate is most often expressed by a verb agreed with the subject, but often the predicate is expressed by other parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, participles, numerals, pronouns, adverbs, indivisible phrases).

When parsing a sentence, the predicate is emphasized by two features.

A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by one verb in any mood:

Wind sways grass
Sun disappeared behind the cloud.
I I'll go to the forest.
He I would go to the city.
you to me write letter immediately!
In the shadows for a long time was heard whisper.

A compound predicate can be verbal or nominal. It consists of two parts: a connective and a verbal or nominal part.

A compound verbal predicate consists of a copular part and an indefinite form of the verb. Answers questions: What does it do? what to do? what did you do? The ligamentous part can be:

phase verb (start, continue, become, quit);
modal word (wants, ready, forced, maybe unable).

He wants to enroll to the institute.
I'm long couldn't with them meet.
You must study.
I was unable to think about this.

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that consists of a nominal part and a linking verb.

The most commonly used is the linking verb be, are less commonly used, but other linking verbs are also possible.

When parsing, the predicate is indicated by two horizontal lines.

The nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed in different ways:

PREDICATE- PREDICATE, predicate, cf. 1. One of the two main members of a sentence, containing a statement, making the expression of a thought complete (gram.). A simple predicate. Compound predicate. In the sentence plant works, the word works is the predicate. 2... Dictionary Ushakova

predicate- predicate, word. Ant. subject, subject Dictionary of Russian synonyms. predicate adj. predicate Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012 ... Dictionary of synonyms

PREDICATE- (predicate) one of the main members of a sentence. In a two-part sentence, the predicate correlates with the subject and expresses its actions, properties, states ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PREDICATE- PREDICATE, wow, cf. In grammar: the main member of a sentence, denoting the attribute of the subject, named in the subject, and together with the subject forming the grammatical basis simple sentence. | adj. predicate, oh, oh. Explanatory Dictionary... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Predicate- PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1. psychological S. or S. (predicate) of a judgment is what is thought about the subject of the judgment or the so-called. psychological subject (see Subject), i.e. that representation that ... Dictionary of literary terms

predicate- The main member of a two-part sentence, grammatically dependent on the subject, denoting the active or passive attribute of the subject that is expressed by the subject. Simple verb predicate. Compound verb predicate. Nominal compound... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Predicate- The predicate is one of the two main members of the sentence in which what is being communicated is expressed; correlates with the subject and is connected with it by a predicative relation (see Predicate, Sentence). The dominant element (usually a verb) of the predicate (predicate ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

predicate- the main member of the sentence, meaning an event. Expressed by a verb (simple verbal predicate), as well as a noun, adjective, adverb (compound nominal predicate); Wed: He is sad/He is sad/It was a good year. Compound verb... ... Literary encyclopedia

predicate- Wow; Wed Linguistic One of the two main members of a sentence, denoting the action or state of the subject expressed by the subject. Subject and p. Simple, complex c. Verb p. ? Predicate, oh, oh. With oh meaning. Usage of the word... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

predicate- The main member of a two-part sentence, correlative with the subject, grammatically subordinate to it. The formal dependence of the predicate on the subject is manifested in the predicative connection: So the moon has risen. The ideal means of expressing the predicate is... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

In Russian syntax, it is customary to distinguish three types (or types) of predicates: simple verb, compound verb, compound nominal. In this article we will talk about the latter.

What does a compound nominal predicate consist of?

A compound nominal predicate is a predicate that includes a nominal part. But this is not its only part, because it is not by chance that it is called composite.

Although we call this predicate nominal, it does not always include those parts of speech that are called names (noun, adjective and numeral).

The nominal part expresses the main meaning of the predicate, but cannot convey important grammatical features: tense, attitude to reality. Therefore, the second part is also present in the sentence. This is a linking verb that is in the required form.

Linking verb

Usually the linking verb “to be” is used, which does not bring any additional meaning to the sentence, but only makes a grammatical connection and expresses the grammatical features of the predicate: tense, mood.

In the present tense, the linking verb “to be” is omitted, but this does not mean that it does not exist. We just need to talk about the zero link.

Less common in sentences are “semi-links”: become, become, seem, etc.

Nominal part

The nominal part of the predicate can be expressed by almost anything: any part of speech, except gerunds and verbs in personal or impersonal form, as well as phraseological units and syntactically indivisible combinations. In this case, it does not convey the verbal meaning (action or state), but characterizes the subject in some very important aspect. In this case, the predicate answers the questions “What is this?

", "Which?", "What is reported about the subject?"

Let us give examples of a nominal predicate with in different ways noun phrases:

Cat is a pet.

Life is wonderful!

Egor became an agronomist.

The die is cast!

Porridge was to die for.

How to distinguish the linking verb “to be” from the independent predicate “to be”?

The verb “to be” also has its own eigenvalue, which scientists call “existential”: it communicates that something exists in reality. For example, “Oli had a scooter”. This sentence states that Olya actually had a scooter. Here the verb "to be" is a simple verbal predicate.

It is actually not difficult to distinguish a linking verb from an independent predicate. The linking verb in the present tense disappears, but the predicate, naturally, remains. That is, it is enough to put the sentence in the present time, and everything becomes clear.

Let's look at our example.

Olya had a scooter. - Olya has a scooter.

Let’s compare it with a sentence in which the verb “to be” serves as a linking verb.

The scooter was red. - The scooter is red.

The connection became zero. We have before us a compound verb predicate.

In which sentences is a compound nominal predicate found?

Compound nominal predicates are found in any two-part sentences, including those complicated by homogeneous or isolated members: The house has been restored. The house has been restored and is for sale(complicated by homogeneous predicates). The house next to the river has been restored(complicated by a separate definition).