Loading cars on the train and unloading them. Loading the machine onto vehicles Burning and caustic liquids

The rules for loading cargo prohibit lifting cargo, the mass of which, together with the mass of the lifting device, exceeds the standard carrying capacity of the equipment used, as well as cargo of unknown mass or frozen to the ground

An exemplary freight carrier is a professional who operates according to a certain system and expects an equally professional attitude towards himself. That is why the standards for loading operations, as well as the general rules for loading cargo, are hidden from the client only by companies that are not able to work according to these standards. Professional cooperation, on the other hand, involves a detailed acquaintance with the rules, norms and standard documents of both parties.

Temporary standards for loading operations were developed back in the Soviet Union (the Unified Temporary Standard for Cargo Transportation of the 87th year) and, with minor adjustments, they roam safely across all versions of UAT and PPGAT. These two main sets of rules (Charter and Rules for the carriage of goods by road) contain all the necessary documents, as well as figures that determine the technical conditions for loading goods. Let's get to know them better.

Loading cargo: stopwatch

The most simple and understandable standards are shown in Appendix No. 6 of the PPGA, which indicates the time for all types of motor vehicles, as well as the time for the first ton of loading and subsequent ones. If a standard contract is concluded between the carrier and the sender, which does not indicate the use of other standards, these terms are considered binding. The table from the current PPGA for 2014 looks like this:

Type of vehicle used for transportation	Loading time in minutes
	For the first ton and for cargo up to 1 ton in weight	On the each ton over 1st
Van	13	3
Metal locomotive	13	2
conventional dump truck	3	1
Dumper	No indication	0.2
Tank	4	3
Body for building materials and cargo	12	2
Body for "long"	15	3
Concrete mixer	4	3
Vehicles for oversized and heavyweight	21	2
Animal body	21	5
Container ship	4	1
Vehicle for moving cars	6	3
Vehicle intended for the movement of dangerous goods (ADR standards)	21	3
garbage truck	13	3

For all other types of vehicles, it is supposed to spend 12 minutes for loading the first tone and 2 minutes for each subsequent, including incomplete. With this approach, the rules for loading cargo do not take into account the qualitative characteristics of the cargo itself. But such nuances are taken into account by the Uniform Rules for Transportation, signed by the USSR State Labor Committee in 1987. This document introduces the classification of goods according to the complexity of loading:

• 1st class or regular cargo - no time adjustment;
• 2nd class - time factor 1.25 (i.e. an increase to the standard time of 25%);
• 3rd grade - 1.66;
• 4th class of difficulty - 2.00.

When preparing cargo for transportation by road, it is secured in such a way as to prevent the cargo from falling, shifting, and eliminating any pressure on the doors, possible wear or damage.

In addition, the Uniform Rules classify cargo as piece cargo (requiring stowage and counting) and cargo that allows bulk stowage (volume or mass is fixed).

Table of temporary standards for loading cargo when using mechanization

When carrying out non-mechanized loading, these standards are approximately doubled for piece cargo, and approximately three times for cargo loaded in bulk. The use of the Uniform Rules for transportation by road and standard loading must be stipulated in the contract, otherwise the above-mentioned annex to the PPGA will be considered the standard. Of course, each cargo has its own characteristics, and, accordingly, its own loading rules and safety precautions.

Technical conditions for cargo loading

In addition to temporary regulations, there are a number of requirements for the technical equipment of the place of loading and the vehicle itself. In addition, it is important to understand from what point the loading begins at all. And it begins with a note in the consignment note and waybill (or work order, if we are talking about domestic transportation or freight) about the arrival of the vehicle at the place of loading.

A driver who is denied such a mark or who is obstructed when approaching a loading point can record this fact with the help of witnesses. In addition to the loading itself, which begins immediately after all bureaucratic procedures, the following actions are performed:

• Preparation of the vehicle and the place of loading;
• Packing of cargo in accordance with those. regulations;
• Cargo marking (especially when the cargo is delivered to several points);
• Opening of the body (boards, doors, awning capes) and installation of auxiliary devices (mechanization);
• Checking locking, fastening, protective devices and strengthening the load.

Piece cargo transported without its own container (pipes, metal rods), which cannot be loaded without loss of time, must be packed by the sender in transport packages. Technical requirements for packing loads are considered by GOST 26663-85.

Loading Safety

At each of these stages, including the subsequent closing of the body and departure, safety requirements must be observed. Safety rules for loading cargo are determined by several GOSTs of different times at once: GOST 12.3.020, GOST 12.3.009 and GOST 12.3.002. In particular, GOST 12.3.009 (developed by the USSR Committee on Standards back in 1976) indicates the following limitations for manual loading.

• It is forbidden to use boards with a thickness of less than 5 cm. Carrying more than 50 kg (plus the weight of the loader) on the board is prohibited.
• Punching and cutting objects should be carried only in special cases.
• Ice and hard containers require gloves.
• Glass must have special supports (for example, boxes with nests for empty glass containers).
• Faulty containers are not allowed.

The rules for loading cargo are designed to ensure the safety of people, however, proper slinging and stowage of cargo assume that the cargo will be stowed in a rolling stock and securely fastened so that there is no shift, fall, pressure on the door, abrasion or damage to the cargo (and the vehicle itself) when transportation.

Based on these GOSTs, the Intersectoral Rules for the Protection of Workers during Unloading and Loading establish restrictions on employees (age over 16 years of age and passing a medical examination) and clearly define the requirements for loading.

• The currently loaded vehicle must be firmly fixed with a handbrake or other means. Reverse or lowest gear engaged.
• During any actions with the doors and sides of the body, the load must be fixed.
• The board is opened (closed) by two workers. When opening the doors of the van, the workers do not stand by them.
• At night, the van is illuminated from the inside.
• A load weighing 50-80 kg must be transported by several workers (removal and lifting) or using mechanization.

Procedure and documents in the rules for loading cargo

UAT, and hence the standard contract for the carriage of goods, indicates that the loading and fixing of the cargo is carried out by the carrier. Removal of fasteners and unloading itself - by the recipient. This procedure is applied in the event that the contract does not specify otherwise, or the carrier has not decided to unload the vehicle on his own of his own free will.

A separate contract is most often built precisely on such general grounds for UAT and PPGAT. However, long-term cooperation should include all the nuances that may arise during the loading process. In such an agreement, a general part (considering the main conditions of transportation) and an appendix defining specific rules for loading cargo (preparing the place and cargo, stacking pallets, clearing the parking lot, repairing loading mechanisms, etc.) will be singled out.

Bulk transportation of light loads (for example, agricultural implements) means that the carrier must increase the sides or find other ways to increase the carrying capacity of the vehicle. For the same purpose, the sides are increased when transporting bulk cargo (the bulk surface should not protrude above the sides).

The consignor is obliged to keep the site and loading mechanisms in proper condition, not obstruct the vehicle, keep signs and warehouse designations, rigging, permanent flyovers, etc. in good order. In addition, unless it is provided separately, the sender is obliged to load the vehicle or a train of several vehicles up to the load capacity, i.e. maximize their capacity.

The sender can fix the cargo on his own, use his own devices to improve the safety of transportation. However, such loading can be carried out only after agreement with the carrier. In this case, all such devices are returned to the sender at the time of unloading or are sent on the bill of lading.

In case of disagreement, representatives of the consignor and the carrier draw up a special act, but the client is not necessarily the sender and recipient.

The last check is carried out by the driver, since it is he who will be responsible for violating traffic rules on the road. If overweight or incorrect packing is detected, the driver must inform the sender about the detected danger and wait for the situation to be corrected. The sender himself checks the condition of the body or container for compliance with the contract, sanitary standards, safety regulations, etc. Refusal of transportation in this vehicle is recorded in the waybill (signature and seal of the organization).

The overall responsibility for compliance with the rules of loading and safety is assumed by one of the parties, which should be prescribed in the contract. The absence of precisely defined limits of responsibility in clarifying the circumstances associated with the onset of an accident affects the most sad way.

Loading cargo: rights, obligations and documents

The carrier has the right to verify the accuracy of the data in the accompanying documentation, and he can also check the loading of the container in terms of cargo capacity and carrying capacity, i.e. check the contents of the container (open it) or carry out selective weighing with the subsequent execution of a general form act.

A route sheet should also be prepared in advance: it clearly defines the transportation route, which the driver strictly adheres to. It should be borne in mind that the row can be transported by means of joint transportation.

If you organize the transportation of dangerous goods, take care of ordering the vehicle in advance (2-3 working days before the planned departure). You will need special accompanying documents - these are TTN, invoices, certificates, without fail PV (substance passport) and special emergency cards.

When loading, transporting and unloading dangerous goods, the driver is responsible, who may not accept the ADR cargo for transportation if the accompanying documents are drawn up incorrectly, with errors or inaccuracies, and also if deformation or damage to the container is detected.

Rules for loading cargo is drawing up a cargo plan. It indicates the class of cargo, the location of the consignments, the mass, the number of pieces, the type of container. The presence of cargo with the characteristic "fire hazardous" requires the approval of the cargo plan in the VOKhR, and the cargo dangerous in sanitary terms - with the sanitary and epidemiological station. Of course, all approvals must be agreed in advance so that there are no problems with access to loading and dispatch later - careful preparation guarantees safe delivery.

CHARTER OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT OF THE RSFSR)

1. Loading of goods on a vehicle, securing, sheltering and lashing of goods must be carried out by the consignor, and unloading of goods from the vehicle, removal of fasteners and coatings - by the consignee.

The consignor and the consignee shall respectively close and open the sides of the vehicles and the hatches of the tankers, lower and remove the hoses from the hatches of the tankers, screw and unscrew the hoses.

In cases when at the checkpoints of the consignor (consignee), in accordance with the established rules, the cargo is inspected with the removal of the tarpaulin and the shelter of the goods after the inspection, the opening and closing of the hatches of tanks, etc., these operations are performed by the consignor (consignee).

2. The motor transport company or organization may, by agreement with the consignor or consignee, take over the loading and unloading of:

a) packaged, piece and rolled-barrel cargo delivered by a trade and public catering enterprise with a small turnover;

b) other goods if the motor transport enterprise or organization has means of mechanization for loading and unloading operations. In this case, the annual contract for the carriage of goods by road should provide for conditions that ensure the maximum use of loading and unloading mechanisms; the obligation of the consignor to carry out preliminary preparation of goods (palletization, containers, etc.) and provide a place for parking and minor repairs of loading and unloading mechanisms, as well as office space for changing rooms and rest for workers.

The agreement of a motor transport enterprise or organization with the consignor and consignee may provide for the participation of the driver in the loading and unloading of goods in the manner prescribed in the Rules for labor protection in road transport.

If the driver participates in loading or unloading, the driver, during loading, takes the cargo from the side of the vehicle, and during unloading, the cargo is delivered by the driver onto the side of the vehicle.

3. In the event that motor transport enterprises or organizations, by agreement with the consignors (consignees), assume the production of loading and unloading operations, they are liable for damage to or damage to the cargo during loading and unloading that occurred through their fault.

4. When transporting construction and other goods in bulk, motor transport enterprises or organizations are obliged to organize the operation of vehicles, and consignors and consignees are obliged to ensure the reception and release of goods every day in at least two shifts, including on weekends and holidays, preventing these days reducing the volume of loading - unloading.

5. The consignor and the consignee are obliged to keep the loading and unloading areas, as well as the access roads to them, in good condition at any time of the year to ensure unhindered passage and maneuvering of the rolling stock, as well as to provide adequate lighting for work in the evening and at night.

6. The consignor and the motor transport enterprise or organization, when transporting goods, are obliged, within the limits of the volumes of goods specified in the order (application) of the consignor (consignee), to load the rolling stock until its capacity is fully used, but not exceeding its carrying capacity.

In the case of mass transportation of light cargo (including agricultural cargo), a motor transport company or organization is obliged to increase the sides or take other measures to ensure an increase in the use of the carrying capacity of the rolling stock.

When loading bulk cargo transported in bulk, the surface of the cargo should not protrude beyond the upper edges of the sides of the rolling stock in order to prevent spillage of cargo during movement.

7. Piece cargo transported without containers (metal bars, pipes, etc.), the acceptance and loading of which is impossible without a significant loss of time, must be combined by the consignor into larger loading units by tying into bundles or coils of wire in 3 - 5 places. The strength of the tie must be such that it is possible to lift the crane hook by any wire tie.

8. Heavy loads without containers must have special devices for slinging: ledges, frames, loops, eyes, etc.

When transported on pallets, individual packages are stacked on them in such a way that it is possible to check the quantity without disturbing their position on the pallet and fastening (with the exception of closed box pallets transported behind the seals of the consignor).

9. Cargo must be stowed in the rolling stock and securely fastened so that there is no shift, fall, pressure on the doors, abrasions or damage to the cargo during transportation, and the safety of the rolling stock during loading, unloading and en route is ensured.

It is prohibited to fasten cargo with nails, brackets and other means that damage the rolling stock.

10. Necessary for loading and transportation devices, auxiliary materials (horses, racks, trays, wire, shield fences, slopes, etc.), as well as means necessary for warming cargo (blankets, mats, etc.), must be provided and installed by the shipper and removed by the consignee. Tarpaulins, ropes for shelter and lashing of loads are provided by a motor transport enterprise or organization with payment according to tariffs.

11. Additional equipment and equipment of vehicles for the carriage of certain cargo can be carried out by the consignor only in agreement with the motor transport enterprise or organization.

12. Motor transport enterprises or organizations may, under an agreement with the consignor and at his expense, re-equip car bodies.

13. All devices belonging to the consignor are issued by the motor transport enterprise or organization to the consignee together with the cargo or returned to the consignor in accordance with his indication in the consignment note at his expense.

14. The driver is obliged to check the compliance of the stowage and fastening of cargo on the rolling stock with the requirements of traffic safety and ensuring the safety of the rolling stock, as well as to inform the consignor of the noticed irregularities in the stowage and fastening of the cargo that threaten its safety. The consignor, at the request of the driver, is obliged to eliminate the detected irregularities in the packing and securing of the cargo.

Based on traffic safety requirements, the driver is obliged to check the compliance of the dimensions of the cargo with the Rules of the Road, as well as the condition of the fastening and lashing of the cargo, which should prevent the cargo from shifting outside the body or falling out of the body.

15. The consignor and the consignee are obliged to ensure control over compliance with safety regulations in the production of loading and unloading operations and bear full responsibility for accidents that occurred as a result of their failure to comply with these rules.

When carrying out loading and unloading operations by a motor transport enterprise or organization, the responsibility for ensuring control over compliance with safety regulations in the production of loading and unloading operations, as well as responsibility for accidents resulting from non-compliance with these rules, is borne by the motor transport enterprise or organization.

16. The terms for loading cargo onto a vehicle and unloading cargo, as well as the terms for performing additional operations related to loading and unloading cargo, are established by the rules for applying tariffs. The specified time limits also apply in cases of loading trailers and semi-trailers.

The time of arrival of the car for loading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill at the point of loading, and the time of arrival of the car for unloading - from the moment the driver presents the bill of lading at the point of unloading.

If there are entrance gates, or checkpoints, or cargo analysis laboratories at loading and unloading points (except for railway stations), the time of arrival of the car for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill or waybill to the consignor or consignee at entrance gate, or at a checkpoint, or in a laboratory.

Loading and unloading are considered completed after the delivery to the driver of properly executed commodity-transport documents for the loaded or unloaded cargo.

The time of the car run from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back is excluded when calculating the time the car is under loading or unloading.

If the car arrives for loading before the agreed time, the car is considered to have arrived for loading at the agreed time, if the consignor does not accept it for loading from the moment of actual arrival.

Consignors, consignees are obliged to note in the bill of lading the time of arrival and departure of vehicles from points of loading and unloading.

The time of the car run from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back, which is excluded when calculating the time the car is under loading or unloading, is determined in the contract for the carriage of goods by road.

17. Loading and unloading of goods in the part not provided for by the Charter of Road Transport of the RSFSR and this section of the Rules is carried out in accordance with the rules for the transportation of certain types of goods.

Condition:

Compiled technological map for loading or unloading work , with which the slinger gets acquainted under the painting.

General safety rules:

1. The machine must be installed on level ground (if possible).

2. The machine must be set to the parking brake.

3. Wheel chocks must be installed under the wheels on both sides to ensure the stability of the vehicle.

4. There must be no people in the cab! (when loading or unloading).

5. The slinger must prepare a place in the body for loading.

6. During loading and unloading, the slinger is prohibited from being in the body. It must be located on a permanently installed flyover or on a hinged platform.

7. It is forbidden to move the load over the cab of the machine!!!

8. If it is necessary to turn or turn the load, use a hook or quickdraw.

9. Loading - unloading must be carried out evenly.

10. The weight of the load should not exceed the carrying capacity of the car, which is important when loading the car.

11. When the load has been stowed, the slinger should climb into the body, secure the load if necessary, and untie the load.

Cargo wrapping.

Canting (canting) of cargo is the movement of a load from one position to another.

When tilting load with the help of a PS (crane), the slinger must be on the side or end (diagonally) of the load at a distance - not less than, the height of the load + 1 m.

When tilting, the slinger is prohibited: to be opposite and behind the tilted load.

Types and methods of edging.

Kinds:

1. Manual tilting - this is manual tilting of loads weighing up to 100 kg using special tilting devices.

2. Mechanical tilting - this is the tilting of loads weighing more than 100 kg with special mechanical tilters.

For example: a wagon dumper.

3. Tilting by a lifting structure (crane) - when tilting the load with a crane, the slinger must be guided by work execution project - PPR (scheme or technological map of cargo tilting).

Produce canting « heavy" cargo and cargo of complex configuration only in the presence and under the guidance a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures .

« heavy loads” in this case, those masses are considered that are 75% or more of the lifting capacity of the lifting structure, and “ cargo of complex configuration» - loads with a shift in the center of gravity.

Ways:

a). canting on weight – smooth turning of the load.

b). canting on a throw – overturning of a load with free fall.

in). tilting to the stop - overturning the load from the stop.

Tilting is based on the forced displacement of the center of gravity of the load.

Cantilever platforms.

Load tilting by cranes must carried out only on tilting platforms.

Tilting platforms - these are areas with a shock-absorbing surface, which are necessary to mitigate impacts when falling overturned loads and to protect them from breakage.

1) plank – for loads weighing up to 3 tons.

2) Bulk - for loads weighing from 3 before 6 tons.

3) log - for loads weighing from 6 before 10 tons.

4) Yamozasypnaya - for loads weighing from 10 before 100 tons.

5) Pit filling with vibration damping belt – for loads weighing over 100 tons.

All pitching areas must be across the width 1 - 3 meters more than the width of the load, a in length in 2 times more than the length of the load. These are the minimum recommended sizes of tilting platforms.

Tilting sites, as a rule, are not fenced off, because barriers interfere with work and can cause accidents.

Loads that cannot be lifted, without certain actions, by a lifting structure.

(lifting crane).

1. "Dead" cargo.

2. Cargoes, the weight of which exceeds the carrying capacity of one PS (crane).

3. Oversized.

4. Cargoes that are in the vicinity of power lines, i.e. closer than 30m.

5. Rarely lifted loads for which schemes or technological maps have not been developed.

6. A load that is in an unstable position (it must first be scanned).

7. Cargo that is in crane dead zone, i.e. away from the faucet. Because there is an oblique tension (oblique chalk) of the cargo ropes of the crane.

8. Loads with broken sling points.

9. Cargo cranes cannot transport people.

Loads that are lifted in the presence and under the guidance of a specialist responsible for the safe performance of work using lifting structures.

1. Near power lines, closer than 30m.

2. Loads that are moved by two lifting structures (cranes).

3. Rarely lifted loads for which schemes or technological maps have not been developed.

4. Cargoes that are not marked with the weight of the cargo.

5. Especially valuable goods.

6. Loading - unloading gondola cars.

7. Loads with broken sling points.

8. Turning "heavy" loads and loads of complex configuration.

And other works provided for by technological maps or PPRk.

Sign signaling.

Sign signaling for lifting structures (cranes) of general purpose (hook), which is used by a slinger when working with a crane operator (operator).

For Overhead Crane:

1). Move the bridge to the left - facing the crane driver's cab, with a straight right hand at shoulder level, with the palm in the direction of the required movement of the bridge.

2). Move the bridge to the right - facing the crane driver's cab, with a straight left hand at shoulder level, with the palm in the direction of the required movement of the bridge.

3). Move the trolley to the crane driver's cab.

4). Move the trolley away from the crane driver's cab.

3,4 - sideways to the crane driver's cabin, arms bent at the elbow, palm in the direction of the required movement of the trolley.

For jib crane:

1). Raise the boom - with a straight hand, previously lowered to a vertical position down, palm up.

2). Lower boom - with a straight arm, previously raised to a vertical position up, palm down.

3). Rotate the arrow to the left - right arm bent at the elbow, palm in the direction of the desired rotation of the boom.

4). Rotate the arrow to the right - left arm bent at the elbow, palm in the direction of the desired rotation of the boom.

5). Move the faucet to the left - with a straight right hand at shoulder level, facing the crane operator's cabin, with the palm in the direction of the required movement of the crane.

6). Move the crane to the right side - with a straight left hand at shoulder level, facing the crane operator's cabin, with the palm in the direction of the required movement of the crane.

For all cranes:

1). Lift a load or hook - with an arm bent at the elbow, palm up, intermittent movement of the arm from the bottom up.

2). Lower the load or hook - with an arm bent at the elbow, palm down, intermittent movement of the arm from top to bottom.

3). « STOP" or stop (cessation of any movement of the crane) - with one arm, bent at the elbow, palm down, movement of the arm in a horizontal plane to the left and right side.

4). Carefully (200-300mm) - arms raised up, palms opposite each other at a short distance.

In the production instructions for OT for slingers, commands for special-purpose lifting structures should be specified only if the slingers will work with such cranes.

When erecting buildings and structures with a height of more than 36m should apply two-way radio communication, which should also be included in the production instructions.

For some work, voice or head signals are allowed, but must be specified in the local instructions for slingers.

font size

LABOR SAFETY REGULATIONS ON ROAD VEHICLES R 0-200-01-95 (approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 13-12-95 106) (2020) Relevant in 2018

2.4. Loading, unloading and transportation of goods

2.4.1. General requirements

2.4.1.1. Loading and unloading of goods, fastening them and awnings on the car, as well as opening and closing the sides of cars, semi-trailers and trailers are carried out by the forces and means of consignors, consignees or specialized organizations (bases, columns of mechanization of loading and unloading operations, etc.) in compliance with these Rules .

Loading and unloading operations can be performed by drivers only if there is an additional condition in the agreement (contract).

2.4.1.2. Loading and unloading operations must be carried out under the guidance of a responsible person appointed by order of the head of the organization performing loading and unloading operations.

2.4.1.3. The driver is obliged to check the compliance of the stowage and the reliability of the fastening of goods and awnings on the rolling stock with the safety requirements and ensuring the safety of goods, and in case of detection of violations in the stowage and fastening of the cargo and awnings, require the person responsible for loading operations to eliminate them.

use car drivers as loaders for loading and unloading goods, with the exception of loading and unloading goods weighing (one place) no more than 15 kg for men and 7 kg for women (with their consent);

use faulty mechanisms and inventory.

2.4.1.5. Loading and unloading operations are carried out, as a rule, mechanized using cranes, forklifts and other lifting equipment, and in small volumes - by means of small-scale mechanization.

For loading (unloading) goods weighing more than 50 kg, as well as when lifting goods to a height of more than 1.5 m, mechanization must be used.

When loading (unloading) containers on wheels, one loader is allowed to move a container that requires no more than 500 H (50 kg) of effort to move.

2.4.1.6. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to manually load (unload) cargo weighing 60 - 80 kg (one piece) by at least two loaders.

2.4.1.7. Women are prohibited from lifting and carrying weights manually in excess of the norms specified in Table 2.1 and corresponding to the regulatory legal act (clause 61 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

Table 2.1

Notes. 1. The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of the container - packaging.

2. When moving cargo on trolleys or containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.

2.4.1.8. When carrying loads by loaders at a distance of up to 25 m for men, the following maximum load is allowed:

from 16 to 18 years - 16 kg;

Adolescents from 16 to 18 years old are allowed to load and unload only the following goods: bulk (gravel, clay, sand, grain, vegetables, etc.), lightweight (empty containers, fruits in small containers, etc.), piece ( brick, etc.), sawn timber (under-stock, tes, etc.).

2.4.1.9. Persons who are not directly related to these works are prohibited from being in the places of production of loading and unloading operations in the service area of ​​hoisting mechanisms.

2.4.1.10. The person responsible for the production of loading and unloading operations is obliged to check the serviceability of lifting mechanisms, rigging and other loading and unloading equipment before starting work.

The places of production of loading and unloading operations must comply with the requirements of the regulatory legal act (clause 62 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

In order to avoid slipping in the places of work of hoisting mechanisms, slingers, riggers and loaders, ladders (scaffolds), platforms, passageways must be cleaned and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand or fine slag.

2.4.1.11. If during loading and unloading there is a danger to persons performing this work, then the person responsible for the production of loading and unloading operations must stop work and take measures to eliminate this danger.

2.4.1.12. Loads are only allowed to be taken from above the stack or heap.

2.4.1.13. Cars sent for the transportation of rolled and barrel cargoes must be additionally equipped with wooden wedges and, if necessary, wooden spacers (boards).

2.4.1.14. In addition to the lunch break, loaders are provided with breaks for rest, which are included in their working hours.

The duration and distribution of these breaks are established by the internal regulations.

Smoking is allowed only during a break in work and only in a specially designated place.

2.4.2. Loading, transportation and unloading of goods

2.4.2.1. Cargoes transported by vehicles are divided into three categories by weight, and into four groups according to the degree of danger during loading, unloading and transportation.

Cargo groups:

1 - low-hazard (building materials, food products, etc.);

2 - dangerous in size;

3 - dusty or hot (cement, mineral fertilizers, asphalt, bitumen, etc.);

4 - dangerous goods in accordance with the regulatory legal act (clause 63 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

Dangerous goods are divided into classes:

class 1 - explosives;

class 2 - gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure;

class 3 - flammable liquids;

class 4 - flammable substances and materials;

class 5 - oxidizing agents and organic peroxides;

class 6 - poisonous (toxic) substances;

class 8 - caustic and corrosive substances;

class 9 - other dangerous goods not included by their properties in any of the previous classes.

Transportation of dangerous goods is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory legal act (clause 64 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

2.4.2.2. The movement of goods of category 1 from the warehouse to the place of loading or from the place of unloading to the warehouse can be organized manually if the horizontal distance does not exceed 25 m, and for bulk cargo (carried in bulk) - 3.5 m.

At a greater distance, such goods must be transported by mechanisms and devices.

Transportation, loading and unloading of goods of categories 2 and 3 at all permanent and temporary loading and unloading sites (points) must be mechanized.

2.4.2.3. When loading the car body with bulk cargo, it should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended) and should be evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the body.

2.4.2.4. Piece loads that rise above the sides of the body must be tied with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, ropes).

2.4.2.5. Box, rolling-drum and other piece cargo must be tightly stowed without gaps, strengthened or tied so that during movement (sharp braking, starting off and sharp turns) it cannot move along the floor of the body. If there are gaps between the places of cargo, strong wooden spacers and spacers should be inserted between them.

2.4.2.6. When laying loads and rolled-drum containers in several rows, they are rolled along the slabs with a side surface. Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the stopper up. Each row should be laid on boards with wedging of all extreme rows.

2.4.2.7. It is allowed to load (unload) rolled-drum cargoes manually by rolling. If the floor of the site and the floor of the body are located at different levels, then rolled-drum cargoes must be loaded (unloaded) by two workers manually with a weight of one piece of not more than 80 kg, and with a weight of more than 80 kg, these goods can be loaded (unloaded) using strong ropes or mechanisms.

2.4.2.8. Glass containers with liquids are accepted for transportation only in special packaging. It must be installed vertically (cork up).

2.4.2.9. When moving box loads, in order to avoid injury to hands, each box must be inspected beforehand. Protruding nails and the ends of the metal upholstery of the boxes must be driven in (or removed).

2.4.2.10. Dusty cargoes are allowed to be transported in rolling stock (open bodies) equipped with canopies and seals.

2.4.2.11. Drivers and workers involved in the transportation, loading and unloading of dusty goods must be provided with dust-proof goggles and respirators, and poisonous substances with gas masks.

Overalls should be dusted or neutralized daily.

When working in respirators or gas masks, workers should be provided with periodic rest with their removal.

The respirator filter should be changed as it gets dirty, but at least once per shift.

2.4.2.12. Cargoes exceeding the dimensions of the rolling stock in length by 2 m or more (long cargo) are transported on vehicles with trailers - dissolutions, to which the cargo must be securely attached.

Loading and unloading of long piece goods (rails, pipes, beams, logs, etc.), as a rule, must be mechanized; unloading manually requires the mandatory use of strong slings. This work must be carried out by at least two loaders.

When transporting long loads of different lengths at the same time, shorter loads must be placed on top.

2.4.2.13. When loading long loads onto a car with a trailer - dissolution, it is necessary to leave a gap between the shield installed behind the cab of the car and the ends of the load so that the load does not cling to the shield during turns and turns. To prevent the load from moving forward during braking and downhill driving, the load must be securely fastened.

2.4.2.14. Loading and unloading of semi-trailers - panel carriers should be carried out by smoothly lowering (raising) the panels without jerks and shocks.

2.4.2.15. Semi-trailers must be loaded from the front (to avoid tipping) and unloaded from the rear.

2.4.2.16. Dangerous goods and empty containers from under them are accepted for transportation and transported in accordance with the regulatory legal act (clause 64 of Appendix 1 to these Rules).

2.4.2.17. Dangerous goods are accepted for transportation in special sealed containers. Sealing containers with dangerous goods is mandatory.

Empty dangerous goods containers that have not been neutralized must be sealed.

2.4.2.18. All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.

2.4.2.19. Loading and unloading of tank trucks can be done by gravity, as well as pumping using pumps designed for certain substances through serviceable hoses or pipes.

2.4.2.20. With an automatic filling system for flammable liquids, the driver must be at the emergency filling stop panel, and when pouring ammonia water into tanks, the driver must be on the windward side.

2.4.1.21. Loading of dangerous goods on the vehicle and unloading it from the vehicle is carried out only with the engine turned off, with the exception of loading oil products into the tanker, as well as loading, performed using a pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the vehicle engine. The driver in this case is at the pump control panel.

joint transport of hazardous substances and foodstuffs or feed cargoes;

smoking and use of open fire when loading, unloading and transporting explosive cargo;

use a metal cable or wire to tie the load;

use other objects instead of wooden wedges for wedging the load;

carrying rolled-drum loads on the back (shoulder) regardless of their weight;

to be in front of rolled-drum loads or behind loads rolled along the tracks;

roll loads on a horizontal plane, pushing them over the edges;

to load hot cargoes into wooden bodies;

transport goods with ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle;

block the driver's cabin doors with cargo;

load long loads above the bunk racks;

fasten a long load or conics, standing on it;

place the load in a glass container on top of each other (in two rows) without appropriate spacers that protect the lower row from breaking during movement.

2.4.2.23. In the event of a forced stop of a car with dangerous goods, including due to its technical malfunction, the driver is obliged to put up an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of 30 - 40 m behind the car in accordance with the current regulatory legal act (clause 51 of Appendix 1 to of these Rules) and take measures to evacuate the car off the road, if it is provided for by the conditions of transportation of dangerous goods. If the problem cannot be fixed on your own, technical assistance should be called.

2.4.3. Lifting and transport works

2.4.3.1. Only drivers who have completed training and who have a valid certificate for the right to perform this work are allowed to drive a truck crane.

The truck crane driver is responsible for the safe operation of the truck crane, as well as for fire safety.

2.4.3.2. The crane driver must:

before starting work, check the condition of the truck crane and the operation of all mechanisms;

know the nature of the work to be done;

before starting to lift the load, be sure to lower and secure all the stops that ensure the stable position of the crane;

do not start cargo operations without making sure the safety of the surrounding persons;

give a signal before starting the movement of goods;

during the preparation of goods for lifting, monitor the fastening and prevent the lifting of poorly secured loads;

lift the load to a height of up to 0.5 m and make sure that the brakes are holding, that the load is well suspended, that the crane is stable, then continue lifting;

monitor the work of slingers and do not turn on the crane mechanisms without their signal;

accept signals for work from only one slinger - signalman; a stop alarm is accepted from any person making it;

stack loads on racks and rolling stock evenly, without overloading one of the sides;

lower the load smoothly;

after finishing work, lower and secure the boom in the transport position.

2.4.3.3. The crane driver is prohibited from:

lift a load, the mass of which exceeds the load capacity of the truck crane at a given boom reach, as well as the maximum load capacity of the truck crane;

lift a load of unspecified mass, covered with earth or littered with any objects, frozen to the ground or to another object;

allow swinging of the lifted load;

pull out poles, piles, sheet piles, etc. from the ground;

work at a wind speed of 14 m/s or more;

operate a faulty truck crane (all noticed malfunctions must be immediately eliminated);

load (unload) in case of faulty lighting of the truck crane or insufficient illumination of the working site in the dark;

work without fixed stops;

move the load by pulling or lifting with an oblique tension of the cargo cable;

brake sharply when lifting, lowering the load or turning the crane installation;

move the truck crane with a lifted load;

move loads over people;

work with a rope that has dents, breaks of at least one strand or broken wires more than is allowed by the current regulatory legal act (clause 65 of Appendix 1 to these Rules);

work under power lines and in other hazardous areas without special permission.

2.4.3.4. Lifting of loads by two or more truck cranes is allowed only under the guidance of a specially appointed employee of the enterprise operating truck cranes.

2.4.3.5. Maintenance of the electrical equipment of truck cranes is allowed to be performed only by persons who have the appropriate certificates.

2.4.3.6. When servicing truck cranes with an electric drive, it is necessary:

check the insulation resistance of electrical equipment and wires within the time limits established by the current regulatory legal act (clause 35 of Appendix 1 to these Rules);

all repair and adjustment work must be carried out only when the voltage is off;

for the period of repair of equipment to prevent erroneous switching on of power supply, on the control panel in the cab of the truck crane and on the installation machines, hang out the poster "Do not turn on - people are working!";

perform work with power supply from the external network only if the crane installation is zeroed.

2.4.3.7. It is forbidden to work on a truck crane with an electric drive:

with faulty or removed casings (guards) of current-carrying parts;

with bare electrical wiring;

in case of violation of the grounding wiring;

with open doors of electrical cabinets;

without a rubber mat in the cab, as well as touching live parts of the unit.

2.4.3.8. The movement of conveyors - conveyors, their rolling onto the scaffolding and descent must be carried out under the guidance of a responsible person from among the specialists. At the same time, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of workers engaged in moving the conveyor - conveyor.

2.4.3.9. Drive drums, frames of conveyors - conveyors must have a fence.

2.4.3.10. The conveyor-conveyor should be installed so that there are passages at least 1 m wide on the sides.

eliminate slippage of the conveyor belts during its operation (on the go) by adding earth, sand, etc. on the drum, as well as correct the load and clean the conveyor belt with your hands;

move the conveyor in working position; before moving and at the end of work, it is necessary to lower the conveyor to the lowest position;

independently connect the electric motor of the conveyor - conveyor to the network, except for the electrician on duty;

use the tail lift of the vehicle to raise or lower people.

2.4.4. The container transporting

2.4.4.1. The car body must be cleaned of foreign objects, as well as snow, ice, debris, etc., before being delivered to the place of loading containers.

Preparation of the container, its loading, loading and unloading from the vehicle (road train) must be carried out by the consignor or consignee without involving a driver in these works.

The control of a special device installed on a vehicle for mechanized loading (unloading) of containers is carried out by the driver.

2.4.4.2. The driver is obliged to inspect the loaded containers in order to determine the correct loading, serviceability and sealing, as well as the reliability of fastening containers on specialized semi-trailers or universal vehicles (road trains).

2.4.4.3. The roofs of containers must be cleared by the consignor (consignee) of snow, debris and other items.

2.4.4.4. During the loading of containers onto the vehicle (unloading), the driver is prohibited from being in the cab, body, and also at a distance of less than 5 m from the area of ​​action of the lifting mechanism (with the exception of the driver of the vehicle - self-loader).

Employees involved in loading and unloading operations should not be on the container and inside it during the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, as well as on nearby containers.

2.4.4.5. It is allowed to transport containers in the body of a car that do not exceed the established overall dimensions in height (3.8 m).

2.4.4.6. Passage of people in the body of the car where the containers are installed, and in the containers themselves is prohibited.

2.4.4.7. When transporting containers, the driver must take special precautions:

do not brake sharply;

slow down on curves, curves and bumps in the road;

pay special attention to the height of gates, overpasses, contact networks, trees, etc.

2.4.5. Rigging, slinging works

2.4.5.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and training and have a certificate for the right to carry out slinging and lifting operations are allowed to perform slinging and rigging work.

If auxiliary workers are involved in tying cargo, then the slinger is the senior and responsible for the performance of the work.

When joint work is performed by several slingers, one of them is appointed senior.

2.4.5.2. The slinger has the right to sling only that load, the mass of which is known to him. The mass of the lifted load must not exceed the maximum loads of the slings indicated on the tag and the loads of the lifting device.

2.4.5.3. Ropes, chains are applied evenly to the load, without knots and twisting, and on the sharp edges of the load, gaskets should be placed under the slings to protect the ropes and chains from kinks and chafing.

With double hooks, the load to be lifted should be suspended evenly from both horns. The load must be suspended, taking into account the center of gravity, so that when it is lifted, it simultaneously breaks away from the ground or support with the entire supporting plane.

2.4.5.4. It is necessary to lower the load so that the slings are not pinched by it and can be easily removed from it.

2.4.5.5. You can remove the slings only after placing the load on the support.

2.4.5.6. When laying round loads on a plane, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of their rolling by supplying spacers, stops, etc.

2.4.5.7. When lifting, turning and lowering bulky and lengthy loads, it is allowed to guide them only with the help of a brace (brace) from a steel or hemp rope of the required length or light hooks.

2.4.5.8. The slings for the load must be hooked up with thick wire hooks or hooks.

2.4.5.9. Before lifting the load with a crane (mechanism), all unauthorized persons are removed to a safe distance. The slinger, being away from the load, gives the crane operator (the operator of the lifting mechanism) signals about the movement of the load. After lifting the load by 0.5 m, the slinger is obliged to give a stop signal, inspect the load lashing, check the fastening and alignment, and, if everything is in order, allow the movement to continue in the required direction.

2.4.5.10. If the strapping fails, the load must be immediately lowered to its original position, and further lifting is allowed only after the troubleshooting.

2.4.5.11. Before lowering the load, the slinger must check the place for its installation and make sure that the lowered load does not fall, tip over or slide to the side.

2.4.5.12. Slingers are prohibited from:

install the load on temporary ceilings, gas and steam pipelines, cables, etc., as well as stand on the transported load or be under it;

use faulty or worn-out pulling devices, as well as devices whose test period has expired;

correct (move) with blows of a sledgehammer, crowbar, etc. branches of slings with which the cargo is tied;

hold the slings slipping when lifting the load with your hands or tongs (in such cases, you must first lower the load onto the support, and then correct the sling);

balance the load with the weight of one's own body or support the outweighed parts of the load during its movement;

guide the load by hand;

crawl under a raised load for a sling.

2.4.6. Work on auto- and electric forklifts (loaders)

2.4.6.1. Persons who have a driver's license and a certificate for the right to operate a forklift can work on a forklift.

2.4.6.2. The electric forklift can be operated by persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, training and certification for the right to drive and for the II electrical safety group.

2.4.6.3. Wheel loaders with load wheels should only be used on hard and level ground, while loaders with pneumatic tires should also be used on stone (crushed stone) surfaces and leveled earthen areas.

2.4.6.4. During stacking (dismantling) of stacks of goods by loaders in the area of ​​their work, the paths of manual carrying and transportation of goods should not pass, and reloading operations should not be performed.

The area of ​​work of the loader means the platform necessary for its maneuvering when approaching the place of loading or unloading and back.

2.4.6.5. Before the forklift enters the bottleneck between stacks, equipment, structural elements of buildings and structures, the driver must stop the forklift and make sure that there are no people in the area of ​​the forklift operation.

2.4.6.6. When operating a forklift, the following requirements must be observed:

the load must be placed on the gripping fork in such a way that no overturning moment occurs, while the load must be pressed against the frame of the forklift;

the load must be distributed evenly on both legs and can go forward beyond the fork by no more than 1/3 of the length of the legs;

oversized loads should not exceed the height of the loader's protective devices by more than 1 m, while a person should be allocated to guide the movement of the loader.

2.4.6.7. When working with a boom loader, you must first lift the load, and then transport it.

2.4.6.8. It is only allowed to transport loads when the forklift frame of the forklift is tilted back to the point of failure. The gripping device must ensure that the height of lifting the load from the ground is not less than the ground clearance of the loader and not more than 0.5 m for a loader on pneumatic tires and 0.25 m for a loader on loaders.

2.4.6.9. Long loads may be transported on a forklift only in open areas with even surface, and the method of gripping the load must exclude the possibility of its collapse or falling to the side. The cargo must first be securely tied into packages.

2.4.6.10. The maximum longitudinal slope of the track, on which the transport of goods by loaders is allowed, should not exceed the angle of inclination of the frame of the forklift loader.

work on a faulty loader;

carry out maintenance or repair of the loader with the lifting devices raised (without insurance);

lift small-piece cargo on pallets above the protective device that protects the driver's workplace from falling cargo on it;

tear off a frozen or jammed load, lift the load if there is no clearance under it necessary for the free passage of the fork, and place the load with a crane directly on the loader gripping device;

transport flammable liquids on an electric forklift, as well as acids if the battery is located under the loading platform;

operate electric forklifts if the electrical equipment panels, battery plugs, battery box cover are not closed;

use forklifts to transport and lift people;

push the load from the stack and drag it.

Loading and unloading of goods is carried out in accordance with the rules of loading and unloading operations set out in the Charter of Road Transport (FZ No. 259 of November 8, 2011). Additionally, instructions regarding safety during loading and unloading operations are specified in the job descriptions and in the Labor Protection Rules approved by the Ministry of Labor on September 17, 2014 by order No. 642n.

Loading rules

Loading safety is not possible unless the following rules are observed:

In our company, movers work quickly and smoothly!

Limit loads (for loaders). You can manually carry no more than 50 kg at a distance of no more than 25 m, or 80 kg, provided that the loader carries the load on his back. Cargoes over 80 kg and up to 500 kg are transported on pallet trucks or stackers. Cargoes weighing over 500 kg are carried only with the help of truck cranes.

Requirements for loaders. Must be instructed in labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, have permits to work on lifting special equipment. Once a year, a medical examination is mandatory. Provided with overalls and personal protective equipment.

We have our own fleet of vehicles and a permanent staff of loaders-riggers

Requirements for the operation of special equipment. Trucks with a carrying capacity of more than 3 tons must undergo technical inspections at least once a year. Vehicles for the transport of dangerous goods - once every six months. Cars with a carrying capacity of less than 3 tons "under" 3 years are exempt from MOT, older than 3 and up to 7 years - are MOT 2 times a year, older than 7 years - every year.

Types of cargo. They are harmless, large-sized and dangerous. Non-hazardous - these are food products, building materials, piece manufactured goods that do not require specific measures during loading. Large-sized cargoes are considered to be over 12 m long, over 2.5 m wide, over 4 m high. Loading requires the involvement of special equipment - truck cranes, manipulators, winches. Finally, dangerous goods must be loaded (unloaded) in accordance with the ADR Rules and in accordance with the narrow specifics of each of them.

Loading dangerous goods

The following types of cargo are classified as dangerous:

• Explosives. Rockets, pyrotechnics, dynamite, torpedoes, mines, ammunition, etc.
• Gases. Liquefied gas in cylinders - for example, propane-butane, nitrogen, ammonia, chlorine, oxygen. This also includes varnishes and deodorants in the form of aerosols.
• Flammable liquids. Methanol, alcohol, acetone, oil, gasoline, kerosene, printing inks, solvents for large format printing. This includes diesel and heating oil.
• Flammable materials. Sulfur, coal, papers and fabrics impregnated with oils - if their content exceeds 5% of the total volume of materials. Other examples are white and yellow phosphorus, cotton, fishmeal, sodium, potassium.
• Oxides and peroxides. In domestic use, these are ammonium nitrate fertilizers, hydrogen peroxide, bleaches.
• Toxic and infectious substances. These are poisons (for example, for rodents) and strains of pathogens for scientific research.
• radioactive substances. These are not only wastes and materials of the nuclear industry, but also devices for diagnostics (tomographs), flaw detection.
• corrosive substances. First of all, these are varnishes and paints for outdoor use, mercury, alkalis, acid - sulfuric, citric, oxalic, etc. May cause skin or lung burns if vapors are inhaled.
• Others . For example, asbestos, asphalt or other highly dusty materials, lithium batteries, car batteries, dry ice, magnets or magnetized materials.

Loading and unloading of highly hazardous substances

Loading and unloading of dangerous goods is carried out under the constant supervision of a responsible person, which is delegated from the consignor or consignee (by agreement). Among other aspects of loading and unloading dangerous goods, the following must be noted:

• Loading is carried out in accordance with the scheme (instructions) of the manufacturer or consignor. Third parties are not allowed to be present during loading (shipment). The same applies to the driver, who must be outside the unloading and loading area. The vehicle's engine is switched off except when it drives refrigeration units, pumps, etc.
• Places for loading should be located no closer than 50 m from roads and no closer than 125 m from residential, administrative and industrial buildings. Only one vehicle is allowed to be unloaded at a time. If special equipment is involved, then electric cranes must be grounded, liquid fuel vehicles are equipped with spark arresters and fire extinguishers.
• All work must be carried out exclusively by qualified personnel. familiar with job and production instructions, fire safety and sanitary hygiene requirements. Uncertified personnel are not allowed to work. Overalls required.
• Dangerous goods must be protected inert sealed packaging and marked according to the rules of ADR.