The meaning of Ivan Aleksandrovich Annenkov in a brief biographical encyclopedia. Literary and historical notes of the young technician Ivan Alexandrovich Annenkov brief biography
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Nikita Kirsanov. "Decembrist Ivan Annenkov" (part 1).The Decembrist's father, Alexander Nikanorovich Annenkov, a large landowner, served in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment, retired with the rank of captain and then served as adviser to the Simbirsk Civil Court Chamber. Leaving this service in 1796, he lived in Moscow and in his villages (died in 1803). The Decembrist's mother Anna Ivanovna Annenkova (c. 1760-1842) was the only daughter of the Irkutsk Governor-General Ivan Varfolomeevich Yakobiy, who became extremely rich during his service in Siberia, becoming the owner of large land holdings and sums of money.
After the death of her father and husband, Anna Ivanovna united in her hands a huge fortune, half of which passed to her from I.V. Jacob, the rest was transferred according to the spiritual will of the late husband. On her estates in the Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Simbirsk, Orenburg and Moscow provinces there were about five thousand male serfs. In the Mokshansky district of the Penza province alone, in the village of Skachki and five villages (Lomovka, Aleksandrovka, Alekseevka, Churdimovka and Bryukhatovka), according to 1807 data, there were 1,360 souls. In addition, in the Gorodishchensky district in the village of Bogorodskoye she owned 400 serfs and peasants, and in total in the Penza province - 1860 male serfs.However, in the context of the crisis of serfdom in the first half of the 19th century, the estates of Annenkova, like many other landowners, were constantly destroyed and fell into disrepair. The owner's disorderly management and wastefulness intensified this state of decline. According to her daughter-in-law, wife of the Decembrist, Polina Annenkova, “the old woman lived an impossible life.” In her huge house in Moscow there were always up to 150 people who made up her retinue. With the lady there were always up to 40 chosen girls and women of different ages, which were supposed to be in her room one by one. She had up to five thousand dresses alone. “Anna Ivanovna performed her dressing...,” recalled Polina Annenkova, “in an unusual way. In front of her stood 6 girls, except for the one who combed her hair. All the girls were wearing different accessories from Anna Ivanovna’s toilet: she didn’t put on anything without was not pre-warmed with animal warmth... Even the seat in the carriage, before she left, was warmed in the same way..."
Numerous estates of A.I. Annenkova was managed by a certain Chernoboy, who acquired several houses in Moscow by robbing peasants, and the entire household was run by a distant relative, Maria Tikhonovna Perskaya. “All income from the estates,” writes Polina Annenkova, “was brought and handed over to Maria Tikhonovna, in whose room there was a chest of drawers, where money was poured into drawers, according to the quality of the coin, and, probably, Maria Tikhonovna herself did not know well how much was poured into the chest and how much of it was spent."
Luxury, the whims of the old woman, and uncontrolled spending of funds led to the fact that estates were mortgaged and remortgaged, and debts grew. By 1835, Anna Ivanovna’s guardianship debt (debt on collateral of estates) amounted to 500 thousand rubles. Having severely ruined the estates, she still left behind 2,500 revision souls.She had another son, Gregory, who was killed in a duel in 1824. Following the death of his brother, Ivan Aleksandrovich Annenkov became the sole heir to his mother’s entire fortune. However, due to circumstances, he did not get it.
Little information has been preserved about the pre-Decembrist period of Ivan Alexandrovich’s life. This is learned mainly from his testimony during the investigation and the memories of his relatives.
I.A. was born. Annenkov in Moscow on March 5, 1802. His children and teenage years. He received his first impressions of serfdom while living in his mother’s house and observing her way of life, her way of life, her arbitrariness and despotism towards the serf servants. In addition, he more than once had to visit his mother’s estates, as well as the estates of other landowners, where he could directly observe the life of a fortress village. Already at this time he developed a firm conviction in the injustice of the existing order. He becomes an enemy of serfdom and all oppression. Subsequently, he spoke more than once about his “old hatred of slavery.”
The acquisition of life observations continued during the years of study and service, when communication with advanced youth gave him a lot of new information about the situation in Russia, introduced him to advanced ideas, and set him on the path of active struggle.
I.A. Annenkov received his initial education at home. His teachers were the Swiss Dubois and the Frenchman Berger. In 1817-1819 he attended lectures at Moscow University, but did not complete the course. Having passed the exam at the General Staff in 1819, Annenkov was enrolled as a cadet in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment and was soon promoted to cornet, and in 1823 to lieutenant.
The first seeds of “freethinking” were sown in him, according to his own testimony, by his teacher Du Bois. During the investigation, he testified: “The first free thoughts were instilled in me by my mentor, for he always presented his government (the Swiss) as the only one that did not humiliate humanity, and spoke about others with contempt, but ours was especially the subject of his jokes.” Through Dubois, Annenkov became acquainted with the writings of progressive French thinkers.
In 1823, Ivan Alexandrovich became close to fellow soldier cornet P.N. Svistunov, who influenced him great influence. The latter read with him individual chapters of Rousseau's Social Contract and gave him other books by leading writers to read.
All this, according to Annenkov, persuaded him to decide to join a secret society. However, his path to the development of freethinking followed, as indicated above, not only through reading books, but also through personal observations of the surrounding reality and communication with the best part of the noble youth. Even before he formally became a member of the secret organization, he had meetings with some prominent figures in the Decembrist movement. So, in 1823, according to the testimony of E.P. Obolensky, meetings of the Decembrists took place at Annenkov’s apartment in St. Petersburg, at which Naryshkin, Obolensky, Nikita Muravyov and some others were present.
In 1824, Annenkov was already a member of the Northern Society of Decembrists. From the testimony of Matvey Muravyov-Apostol, it is known that Ivan Aleksandrovich attended meetings with Ryleev, where “they read Nikita Muravyov’s plan for the Constitution.”
But soon I.A. Annenkov moved to the St. Petersburg cell (branch) of the Southern Society. As the investigation materials show, the participants in this group, organized by Pestel during his visit to St. Petersburg in 1824, took republican positions. So, P.I. Pestel said during one of the interrogations: “Vadkovsky, Polivanov, Svistunov, Annenkov (all four cavalry officers) and artillery Krivtsov were introduced to me through Matvey Muravyov and were in full revolutionary and republican spirit.”
What Pestel said about the St. Petersburg branch was confirmed during interrogations by Matvey Muravyov-Apostol and M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. The first of them showed: “Nikita Muravyov and Prince Sergei Trubetskoy did not agree on the proposal of the Southern Society of the Republic and extermination ( royal family). N. Turgenev, Prince Obolensky, Ryleev, Bestuzhev (adjutant), Prince Valerian Golitsyn, Mitkov, Polivanov, Fyodor Vadkovsky, Svistunov, Annenkov, Depreradovich shared this opinion." M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin also showed that from among the northerners " the republic... was accepted only by members added to the society by Pestel, who are: Svistunov, Fyodor Vadkovsky, Polivanov, Annenkov, Depreradovich and accepted by them, of which I know one Colonel Kologrivov." Bestuzhev-Ryumin especially singles out Annenkov as a "decisive person known to us."
So, Ivan Aleksandrovich Annenkov belonged to that group of northern Decembrists who shared the opinion of the leaders of Southern society about the need to introduce a republican system in Russia and destroy the imperial family.
A few months before the events of December 14, I.A. Annenkov met his future wife Jeanette Paul. She was born on June 9, 1800 in France near the city of Nancy in the family of a military man. After the death of her father, who was killed in Spain during the Napoleonic Wars, her mother was left with four children without any means of subsistence. The family began to experience dire need, and Jeanette, the eldest daughter, had to work early. Selling her handicrafts - sewing and embroidery, she still could not earn enough to support herself and her family. Life became more and more difficult. As a seventeen-year-old girl, Jeanette moved to Paris, where she began working at the Mono trading house. “It was only then that I felt,” she wrote in her memoirs, “all the bitterness of my new position, finding myself among people unfamiliar to me, complete strangers, and also poorly educated... It cost me a lot of tears and efforts to break myself and get used to him... and then get used to my new responsibilities, which were not at all easy."
She lived in Paris for six years. The need to earn her own bread and difficult working conditions instilled in her the habit of work and the ability to live, relying only on herself. These qualities were very useful to her later in Siberia.
In 1823, Jeannette arrived in Moscow, where, under the pseudonym Paulina (Polina) Goebl, she got a job as a saleswoman in the Dumancy fashion store. She lived here for two years. The meeting with Annenkov produced a sudden and sharp change in her fate. “He began to relentlessly court me, offering to marry me,” she later pointed out in her memoirs. “But a whole abyss separated us. He was noble and rich, I was a poor girl who lived by my own labor. The difference in positions forced me to be careful.” .
At the end of June 1825, they met in Penza at a fair, where Polina Gobl came with the Dumancy trading house, and Annenkov arrived to repair (purchase) horses for the Cavalry Regiment. This meeting was decisive: Polina became Annenkov’s bride. On July 3, they left Penza together for the Annenkov estate, the village of Skachki, Mokshansky district, and from there they went to their other estates, located in the Simbirsk and Nizhny Novgorod provinces. They returned to Moscow only in November, and on December 2 Annenkov left for St. Petersburg.
Two days before the uprising, on December 12, he attended a meeting with H.E. Obolensky, where the plan of action on the day of the oath to Nicholas was discussed. On December 14, Annenkov was on Senate Square with his regiment sent against the rebel troops. But doubts about the success of the enterprise were not the reason why he was not in the ranks of the rebels that day. He understood, of course, that refusal to march with the regiment into the square could cause his immediate and premature arrest, which could be followed by the arrests of his fellow Decembrists. After the events of December 14, I.A. Annenkov remained at large for four more days. On the 19th at 11 o'clock at night he was arrested.
Like other prominent participants in the Decembrist movement, Annenkov was first interrogated by Nicholas I himself in his Winter Palace. Polina Annenkova, in her memoirs, from the words of Ivan Alexandrovich, tells in detail how this first interrogation was carried out, as well as subsequent interrogations of her husband. When asked by the tsar what the secret society wanted, Annenkov boldly answered that they “wanted to stop evil”, that they “wanted better order in management, liberation of peasants, etc. "Then Nicholas asked why he, knowing about all this, did not inform the government? When the interrogated one replied that he considered it dishonest to inform on his comrades, the tsar shouted menacingly: “You have no concept of honor ! Do you know what you deserve?.. Do you think that I will shoot you, that you will be interested in this? No, I’ll rot you in the fortress!”
Then General Levashov interrogated him, demanding that he name the members of the secret society, but Annenkov did not betray his comrades. After interrogation, he was sent to Vyborg prison, where he remained until February 1826.
By this time, the investigative commission already had information about the regicide plan and that Annenkov was present during the discussion of this plan. On February 1, he was brought to St. Petersburg again, and Levashov interrogated him a second time. Annenkov denied his involvement in the “intention” to exterminate the imperial family.
The “state criminal” was taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress and put in cell No. 19 of the Neva Curtain. "I was brought into small room with a vault,” says Annenkov. - In the middle you could still stand at full height, but you had to bend towards the sides of the camera. There was a bed with a straw mattress on it... they put a robe and shoes on me and locked the door. The first feeling was that they had put someone alive in a grave."
Soon Annenkov was again taken to the investigative commission. Count Benckendorff and Prince Golitsyn interrogated him for a long time, seeking a “confession of everything,” and threatened him with violence. And he began to give up. “It is clear that at that moment my nerves were greatly shaken by everything I had experienced, the fortress stood before my eyes like a phantom. Despite all the strength of my character, I was so shocked that I finally, almost mechanically, said that I had really heard about the regicide. Then Benckendorff immediately ordered the paper to be handed to me, and I also mechanically signed it. They took me back to the fortress.”
Confession of a plan to exterminate the reigning house and introduce republican rule was enough to classify the interrogated person as one of the most dangerous political enemies of the autocracy and impose a cruel sentence on him. Annenkov was not called to the commission again. He was kept in the Peter and Paul Fortress until he was sent to hard labor.
It should be noted that during interrogations Annenkov showed great restraint and self-control, and only fortress, solitary confinement, an unknown and terrible future broke him and forced him to give some of the necessary testimony to the commission.
In the "Alphabet" of the Decembrists, where the guilt and degree of punishment of the convicted are indicated, about I.A. Annenkov is told: “He joined the Northern Society in 1824; its goal was revealed to him - the introduction of republican rule, and then he heard about the intention to exterminate the imperial family.” Annenkov was sentenced to category II - placing his head on the chopping block and exile to hard labor forever. On July 10, 1826, the tsar issued a decree on confirmation (confirmation of the sentence), according to which the sentences of the convicted were “commuted.” So, for category II (there were 17 people), instead of putting their heads on the block and eternal hard labor, they were sentenced to 20 years of hard labor.
The announcement of the verdict took place on July 12 in the premises of the commandant of the Peter and Paul Fortress, where all the prisoners were brought. They bravely faced the verdict of the royal court. A few hours later they were again taken out of the casemates: their shoulder straps and uniforms were torn off and their swords were broken over their heads, and then they were taken to cells, from where they were to be sent to their designated places. During the breaking of the sword, due to the executioner’s clumsiness, Annenkov received swipe in the head and was unconscious for a long time. This circumstance, writes the granddaughter of the Decembrist M.V. Bryzgalov, partly contributed to the development of the mental illness from which he subsequently suffered.
Polina Gobl, who lived in Moscow, had no information about Annenkov for a long time and made vain attempts to find out anything about the fate that befell him. She could not go to St. Petersburg at this time due to lack of funds. The money that Ivan Alexandrovich left her when he left for St. Petersburg was all spent. “I strove for the person I loved,” she writes, “and could not leave Moscow, where I was chained to terrible need. I literally had nothing to subsist on, and I had to work hard so as not to die of hunger.” Anna Ivanovna Annenkova, indifferent to the fate of her son, did nothing to alleviate his situation. Moreover, she tried in every possible way to dissuade Polina from going to St. Petersburg. On April 11, 1826, Polina Gobl gave birth to a daughter, Alexandra, after which she became dangerously ill and went to bed for three months. Naturally, she could not work and fell into more and more need every day, mortgaging and selling her last things. Only in the summer (probably in July), having recovered from her illness, having obtained funds and obtained a passport, Polina Gobl left for St. Petersburg.
Relatives had the right to see prisoners only once a week, each had his own day. They were brought on a meeting by the parade ground adjutant to the commandant; the meeting lasted no more than an hour and in front of strangers. I.A. Annenkov was allowed a meeting on Wednesday. But Polina Gobl was not officially his wife, did not even have the rights of a relative and had to come up with, in her words, “all sorts of things to get to him.” Overcoming difficulties, she made her way to the fortress several times, where she managed to see Ivan Alexandrovich. Their meetings were secret, during prisoners’ walks in the yard, and lasted no more than five minutes.
At the beginning of December, Polina returned to Moscow to get some kind of help from Annenkov’s mother. financial assistance her son, who was subjected to various hardships, had no linen, and was starving. Anna Ivanovna refused. On December 9, Polina returned to St. Petersburg again. Here she learned about Annenkov's attempted suicide: he wanted to hang himself with a towel, but it broke and he was found unconscious on the floor. On the same date, at 11 o’clock in the evening, she managed to enter the Peter and Paul Fortress and, through a bribed officer, achieve a meeting with Annenkov. He told her that “winter is setting in and they will probably be sent to Siberia.” This was their last date in St. Petersburg. “We broke up, and for a long time this time,” Polina Annenkova pointed out in her memoirs.
To send convicts to Siberia for hard labor, special instructions were developed. The first two groups, each of four people, were taken away in July 1826, shortly after the verdict was announced (Trubetskoy, Volkonsky, the Borisov brothers, Artamon Muravyov, Obolensky, Yakubovich and Davydov). Then one after another they sent the rest. Before being sent, the exiles were shackled in leg shackles with locks.
One gendarme was assigned to each exile, and the overall management of the transportation of the group was entrusted to a special courier. The convicts were transported separately in troikas. The actual removal from the fortress had to take place at night. The path was chosen, bypassing Moscow, along the Yaroslavl highway and to Irkutsk. It was completed very quickly - in one month.
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ANNENKOV IVAN ALEXANDROVICH
Annenkov, Ivan Aleksandrovich, Decembrist, and then a zemstvo figure in the Nizhny Novgorod region (the local leader of the nobility since 1861); died 1877. - His wife, Praskovya Egorovna, nee Geble, Frenchwoman Polina (1800 - 1876). When A. was, after December 14, imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, the Frenchwoman Pauline Gebl was his bride. After A. was sentenced to exile in Siberia, to hard labor, she discovered extraordinary energy to alleviate the fate of her loved one. She ensured that Emperor Nicholas I personally accepted her petition and, touched by her devotion to the convict, allowed her to follow him to Siberia and ordered her to be given an allowance for the trip. In Chita, she married A. With the accession to the throne of Emperor Alexander II, she, with her husband and large family, returned to Russia. She described her life in “Stories-Memories”, published in “Russian Antiquity” in 1888. Her notes are written very vividly and are of great interest as a true depiction of the life of the exiled Decembrists.
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
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Annenkov, Ivan Alexandrovich
Genus. in 1802, d. January 27, 1878, in Nizhny Novgorod. After studying at home, he was a student at Moscow University, where, however, he did not complete the course, and entered military service, cadet in the Cavalry Regiment. With the rank of lieutenant, he took part in the Decembrist conspiracy, as a member of the northern society ("Union of Welfare") and, by the verdict of the Supreme Criminal Court, was exiled to hard labor in Eastern Siberia. In the list presented to the court “from the commission elected to establish the categories,” Annenkov was classified in the second category and was listed at No. 40. The court sentenced him to political death; this sentence was commuted by Emperor Nicholas I. While in the Chita prison, Annenkov married, on April 4, 1828, Gebl (see P.E. Annenkova), who followed him into exile. Transferred in 1830 to the Petrovsky Plant, a prison specially built for the Decembrists, Annenkov was released from hard labor in 1836 and settled in the village. Belsk, Irkutsk district. IN next year Annenkov was transferred to the city. Turinsk, Tobolsk province, “with use” for service in the zemstvo court, with the rights of a person from the tax-paying class. Then, in 1841, Annenkov was transferred to Tobolsk, where he was with the governor for assignments, took the place of the head of the department in the order for exiles and in the order for public charity, and from 1845 he was an assessor. Taking advantage of the amnesty granted by the manifesto of Emperor Alexander II in August 1856, Annenkov came to Nizhny Novgorod, where at first he was on special assignments under the Nizhny Novgorod governor A. N. Muravyov, also former Decembrist, and then for several three years he was the leader of the nobility of the Nizhny Novgorod district, taking an active part in all the work in which the nobility and zemstvo were involved in the preparation and implementation of the reforms of the 60s.
"Russian Antiquity", vol. 57 and 58 ("Stories by Pr. Eg. Annenkova"). - Brockhaus-Efron, vol. 23, pp. 117-121 (article by N.K. Schilder, “Conspiracy of the Decembrists”).
(Polovtsov)
Annenkov, Ivan Alexandrovich
Decembrist, and then a most useful zemstvo figure in the Nizhny Novgorod region (the leader of the nobility there since 1861), † in 1877. His wife, Praskovya Egorovna, née Goeble(Gueble), Frenchwoman Pauline, who followed her convicted husband to Siberia and there shared years of trials with him, described her life in “Stories-Memoirs”, published in “Russian Antiquity”, 1888. Rod. 1800, † 1876
(Brockhaus)
Annenkov, Ivan Alexandrovich
(5.3.1802-27.1.1878). - Lieutenant Lieutenant Guards. Cavalry Regiment.
From the nobility, b. in Moscow. Father - stat. owls Alexander Nikanorovich Annenkov (d. 1803), retired captain of the Life Guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment, Sov. Nizhny Novgorod Civil Chamber; mother - Anna Iv. Jacoby (d. 1842), daughter of the Irkutsk governor general. Iv. Varfolomeevich Yakobiy. He was educated at home, taught by the Swiss Dubois and the Frenchman Berger, and in 1817-1819 he attended lectures at Moscow University (he did not complete the course). He entered the service after passing the exam under Chief. headquarters in the Cavalry Regiment as a cadet - 10.8.1819, estandard cadet - 1.11.1819, cornet - 21.12.1819, lieutenant - 13.3.1823; behind him in the Vologda province. 418 souls, after the death of the mother, 2300 souls remained in different lips.
Member of the St. Petersburg cell of the Southern Society (1824), participated in the activities of the Northern Society.
Arrested on 12/19/1825 in the regiment barracks, kept in the city guardhouse, on 12/25/1825 shown sent to the Vyborg fortress, the Vyborg gendarme team by captain Sokolovsky was delivered to Ch. guardhouse in St. Petersburg - 1.2.1826, on the same day transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress ("sent Annenkov to be placed at his discretion and well maintained") in No. 19 of the Neva Curtain.
Convicted of category II and, upon confirmation, sentenced to hard labor for 20 years on July 10, 1826, the term was reduced to 15 years on August 22, 1826. Sent to Siberia in shackles - 12/10/1826 (signs: height 2 arsh. 7⅞ vert., “white, oblong face, blue eyes, myopic, long, wide nose, dark brown hair on head and eyebrows”), delivered to Chita prison - January 28, 1827, arrived at the Petrovsky plant in September 1830, the term was reduced to 10 years - November 8, 1832. Released from hard labor by decree of December 14, 1835 and sent to settle in the village. Velskoe, Irkutsk province, left the Petrovsky plant - 8/20/1836, 10/5/1837 allowed to be transferred to Turinsk, Tobolsk province, left Velskoye - 6/28/1838, arrived in Turinsk - 1/28/1839, at the request of the mother of the High. allowed to enter civil service in Siberia - 9/26/1839, appointed chancellor. servant of the 4th category in the Turin Zemstvo Court - 11/25/1839, transferred to the staff of the chancellor. Tobolsk general province. board - 9.6.1841, promoted to 3rd category - 11.4.1842, appointed to correct the position of inspector of settlements of the Tobolsk expedition on exiles - 10.9.1843, promoted to count. registrars - April 24, 1848, appointed acting. d. assessor of the Tobolsk order for exiles - 14.3.1849, assessor of the Tobolsk order of public charity - 18.4.1851, for distinction in service count. secret - 12/25/1854. Under the amnesty on August 26, 1856, he was restored to his rights and became a titular owl. - January 1, 1857, in the same year he was appointed to serve as a supernumerary for special assignments in the Nizhny Novgorod province. (Decembrist A.N. Muravyov), handed over his affairs in Tobolsk - 6/20/1857, in 1861 elected Nizhny Novgorod district leader. nobility, was there for several three years, an active participant in the preparation and implementation of the peasant reform of 1861, the ban on residence in the capitals was lifted - 6/22/1863, in 1865-1868 chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Zemstvo Council. He died in Nizhny Novgorod, where he was buried in the Holy Cross Monastery. (in 1953 the ashes were transferred to the Bugrovskoye cemetery).
Wife (from April 1828) - Praskovya (Polina) Egorovna Geble (Pauline Gueble, 9.6.1800-14.9.1876), a Frenchwoman who followed Annenkov to Siberia and married him on 4.4.1828 in Chita. Children: Alexandra (b. 11.4.1826, died in the 1880s, married to Major Alexei Gr. Teplov), Olga (19.5.1830-10.3.1891, married to Major General Konst. Iv. Ivanov), Vladimir ( b. 10.18.1831, d. after 1897, in 1850 in the civil service) Ivan (11.8.1835-1886, in 1850 in the Tobolsk gymnasium with his brother Nikolai), Nikolai (b. 12.15.1838, d. about 1873) and Natalya (28.6.1842-1894). Brother: Gregory, killed in a duel in 1824; sister: Maria (maiden in 1840).
VD, XIV, 355-369; TsGAOR, f. 109, 1 exp., 1826, d. 61, part 65.
Annenkov, Ivan Alexandrovich
Decembrist, since 1861 Nizhny Novgorod. leader of the nobility, useful local activist
Addition: Annenkov, Ivan Alexandrovich, Decembrist and then zemstvo activist; r. 1802, † 27 Jan. 1878
(Polovtsov)
Annenkov, Ivan Alexandrovich
(1801-1878) - Decembrist. Cavalry lieutenant, member of the Northern Secret Society. By the Supreme Court he was classified as 2nd category and exiled to hard labor; in 1836 he went out to settle. He is best known for his romantic marriage to Pauline Gebl (daughter of a French emigrant), who sought permission to marry an exiled convict. See "Notes of the Decembrist's wife P. E. Annenkova", ed. "Prometheus".
Large biographical encyclopedia. 2009 .
See what “Annenkov, Ivan Aleksandrovich” is in other dictionaries:
Ivan Alexandrovich Annenkov Decembrist ... Wikipedia
- (March 5, 1802, Moscow January 27, 1878, Nizhny Novgorod), Russian Decembrist (see DECEMBRISTS), lieutenant of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment. Ivan Annenkov came from a wealthy noble family that owned estates in Moscow, Vologda,... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1802 78) Decembrist, lieutenant. Member of the Northern Society. Sentenced to 20 years of hard labor. From 1827 in the Nerchinsk mines, in 1835 56 in a settlement in the West. Siberia... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Annenkov, Ivan Aleksandrovich, Decembrist, and then a zemstvo figure in the Nizhny Novgorod region (the local leader of the nobility since 1861); died 1877. His wife, Praskovya Egorovna, nee Geble, Frenchwoman Polina (1800 1876).... Biographical Dictionary
Decembrist, and then a most useful zemstvo figure in the Nizhny Novgorod region (the leader of the nobility there since 1861), † in 1877. His wife, Praskovya Egorovna, ur. Gueble, Frenchwoman Pauline, who followed her convicted husband to Siberia and... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Portrait... Collier's Encyclopedia
- ... Wikipedia
- (February 9 (21), 1889 August 25 (September 8), 1927), Russian military leader Major General (1919), one of the leaders white movement V Western Siberia and Semirechye. Hereditary nobleman, direct descendant of the Decembrist I.A. Annenkova (see Annenkov Ivan... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Plan
Introduction
1 Biography
1.1 Decembrist uprising
1.2 Wedding. Further fate
1.3 Hard labor and exile
2 Membership, awards
3 Children
References
Introduction
Ivan Aleksandrovich Annenkov (March 5, 1802, Moscow - January 27, 1878, Nizhny Novgorod) - Decembrist, son of Alexander Ivanovich Annenkov and Anna Ivanovna Jacobi.
1. Biography
Received home education. In 1817-1819 attended lectures at Moscow University (did not complete the course). After passing the General Staff exam on August 10, 1819, he was accepted into the Cavalry Regiment with the rank of cadet. From November 1, 1819, estandard cadet, cornet from December 21, 1819, lieutenant from March 13, 1823. Among his friends there were many future Decembrists: P. N. Svistunov, F. F. Vadkovsky, A. M. Muravyov. In 1824, Annenkov was accepted by P.I. Pestel into the St. Petersburg branch of the Southern Society, and was an ardent supporter of Pestel’s “Russian Truth”.
1.1. Decembrist uprising
On December 14, 1825, Annenkov was on Senate Square, but on the opposite side of his comrades. After the defeat of the uprising, he was arrested and sentenced to 20 years of hard labor, deprivation of ranks and nobility, and lifelong settlement in Siberia.
According to the investigation, when it was discovered that Annenkov and Muravyov were more guilty than previously thought, they were transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress. They were guilty only of talk. (E. Yakushkin, “Notes on the “Notes” of A.M. Muravyov”)
Later, as a result of the petition of influential relatives, the term of hard labor was reduced to 15 years. On December 10, 1826, he went to Siberia.
1.2. Wedding. Further fate
Six months before the uprising, Ivan Alexandrovich meets Polina Gobl, the daughter of a Napoleonic officer, who came to Moscow as a milliner to work at the Dumancy trading company. In the summer, young people met at a fair in Penza. Ivan Aleksandrovich arrived there as a “repairer” - to purchase horses for the regiment. Polina arrived with the Dumancy store. In the Simbirsk, Penza and Nizhny Novgorod provinces, the Annenkovs had estates, and the young people, under the guise of visiting them, made short trip. In one of his villages, he agreed with the priest and found witnesses to marry Polina, but she, fearing her mother’s wrath, refused the ceremony. They returned to Moscow in November 1825.
December 14th turned all their plans and dreams upside down. Almost without funds, without knowing the Russian language, Polina Gobl gets to Chita. There, in the wooden St. Michael the Archangel Church, she marries Ivan Alexandrovich. Only at the time of the wedding were the shackles removed from the groom.
The romantic love story of Polina Gobl and Ivan Annenkov inspired Alexandre Dumas to write the novel The Fencing Teacher. And director Vladimir Motyl made the story of their relationship one of the most important storylines in the movie "Star of Captivating Happiness."
Sent to Siberia in chains. In January 1827 he was taken to the Chita prison. In the Petrovsky plant since September 1830. In the settlement since December 1835 in the village of Belskoye, Irkutsk province. Later - in Turinsk, Tobolsk province. In September 1839, at the request of his mother, Annenkov was allowed to enter the civil service. From November 1839 - clerical servant of the Turin Zemstvo Court. Since June 1841, on the staff of the office of the Tobolsk general provincial government. Inspector of settlements of the Tobolsk expedition about exiles from September 1843. Afterwards he served in the Tobolsk order for exiles and the order for public charity.
Only after thirty years of living in Siberia - in 1856 - did the Annenkovs receive permission to leave their places of exile. They were forbidden to live in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The Annenkovs settled in Nizhny Novgorod in June 1857. Ivan Alexandrovich was appointed above staff for special assignments under the Nizhny Novgorod governor.
2. Membership, awards
Since 1858, Annenkov became a member of the committee created in the province to improve the life of serfs. Active participant in the peasant reform. In April 1861 he was awarded a silver medal “For his labors in liberating the peasants.”
On January 12, 1863, Annenkov was elected leader of the nobility of the Nizhny Novgorod district. In July 1865, Ivan Aleksandrovich Annenkov was elected as a representative of the Nizhny Novgorod district zemstvo council - the body local government. In 1868 he was elected an honorary justice of the peace. The Annenkovs lived in Nizhny Novgorod for 20 years.
Polina Annenkova left a book of memories about her life, which she dictated to her daughter Olga. Olga Ivanovna translated them from French and published them in 1888 in Russian Antiquity.
The Annenkovs were buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Nizhny Novgorod.
Polina Egorovna Anennkova gave birth eighteen times, only seven of them were successful.
1. Alexandra Ivanovna (1826-1880), married to Teplov.
2. Anna Ivanovna (1829-1833)
3. Olga Ivanovna (1830-1891) since 1852 wife of K.I.Ivanov
4. Vladimir Ivanovich (1831-1897)
5. Ivan Ivanovich (1835-1876/1886)
6. Nikolai Ivanovich (1838-1873)
7. Natalya Ivanovna (1842-1894)
References:
1. Memoirs of the Decembrists. Northern Society, M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1981, p.145
2. “Our position inspired respect for the courier himself. We traveled about 600 miles in a postal wagon. Then, when it was installed winter road, moved into the sleigh. Near Omsk, the frost became severe - 40 degrees (below zero according to Reaumur). Our comrade Annenkov suffered more from the cold than we did - he was without a fur coat” (A.M. Muravyov)
3. Annenkov, Ivan Aleksandrovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg: 1890-1907.
