The idea of ​​creating a miniature natural reservoir came to man quite a long time ago. However, the limited nature of the created ecosystem required additional care for its condition. This is how the first filter elements for aquariums appeared, purifying water and retaining various kinds of biological waste.

The purpose of modern filters has gone a little further than in the first stages of development. Now every advanced apparatus is able not only to eliminate pollution, but also to provide a constant supply of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, as well as to mix the layers of water, maintaining the optimal temperature balance and the amount of dissolved oxygen for fish.

As for the choice, there is a well-established opinion on the aquarium filter market about the best models worthy of special attention for lovers of ornamental fish breeding at home. Which? You will find out about this in our rating, compiled on the basis of the following important criteria:

• user reviews and authoritative publications;
• comparison of leading characteristics and declared operational capabilities.

The best internal filters for an aquarium

5 Xilong XL-F131

Perfect Performance
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.5

The glass design of the device meets all modern requirements for this aquarium equipment. It is made of non-toxic, durable plastic, which does not lose its operational properties during prolonged stay under water. The internal filter is completely immersed in a container with fresh or marine bio-environment. The filter basket located in the housing has a large area, which means that mechanical cleaning is carried out efficiently and quickly. In numbers, this figure is 1200 l / h.

Saturation with beneficial microorganisms contributes to additional biological filtration. Therefore, the water in the aquarium becomes clean and transparent. During the operation of the device with a power of 15 W, vibrations are not created and the usual rhythm of life of the inhabitants of the depths is not disturbed. The kit also includes a flute and an injector nozzle for aeration. It is recommended to install such a model in containers up to 100 liters.

4 Jebo 1200FAP

Quality build
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Inexpensive indoor device has proven itself in the filtration of fresh water. It is usually installed in aquariums with a volume of 150-200 liters. The plastic case is ergonomic, has no extra parts, protruding elements, backlashes between structural elements. It is designed for continuous operation without shutdown. To ensure high-quality work in the device, it is necessary to maintain the power declared by the manufacturer of 8.5 watts. Its average productivity is 600 l / h, which makes it possible to purify water well and saturate it with oxygen.

The owners attribute the design of the outlet pipe to the advantages of this product. It is equipped with a special swivel nozzle that adjusts the flow direction. The aeration option makes it possible not to use additional aquarium accessories. Not all filters are easy to maintain. However, this model is assembled and disassembled in a matter of minutes, unpretentious in care.

3 Barbus WP-300F

Extended equipment for miniature tank
Country Russia
Average price: 400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Owners of aquariums up to 20 liters should definitely pay attention to this model. Despite its mini-parameters (with dimensions in the package of 13x8x6 cm, the filter weighs only 155 grams), the internal device received a lot of positive feedback. Firstly, it is in complete harmony with the underwater flora in color and does not violate the general appearance of the interior. Secondly, the device is optimally functional, since at a power of 2 W it is able to process 150 liters of water per hour.

However, its main advantage lies in its excellent configuration. The set includes such nozzles as "Water flute", "Filtration and sprinkling", "Filtration and aeration", "Filtration and circulation". Therefore, you can always choose the option of flow movement that is necessary in a particular case. Made of metal and plastic, the glass-type body is quickly attached to the container wall using suction cups. Coarsely porous sponge that collects dirt, easy to maintain. What users also highlight is the quiet operation of the device.

2 Juwel Bioflow 6.0

Best filter chamber capacity (six elements)
Country: Germany
Average price: 11500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Fine filter designed for containers of 200-350 liters of water. The tank's own volume is 6 liters, according to this indicator, Juwel Bioflow 6.0 comes close to external type devices. In addition, 6 types of filter elements are located inside the capacious chamber: special dense cotton wool and 5 sponges of various degrees of density. They perform the function of complete mechanical and fine chemical-biological treatment, due to which water retains its suitability for a long period of time. If the question arises of choosing an expensive but good model of an internal filter, then experienced aquarists prefer this particular contender. Disadvantages include: high cost of the device,rapid wear of coarse cleaning materials.

Many beginners and experienced aquarium keepers ask a reasonable question: what type of filter is better - internal or external? We learn the answer from the given comparison table, which displays all the pros and cons of such devices of various designs.

1 Hydor CRYSTAL 3 R10 Duo

High degree of tightness of the housing
Country: Italy
Average price: 2500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The internal filter with a cover is intended for capacities from 100 to 200 liters. Moreover, it can be installed both in aquariums with fresh water and salt water. The Italian manufacturer offers a filter pump that works on a 2-level cleaning principle. At the initial stage, water seeps through the foam sponge, getting rid of large impurities, and then undergoes chemical or biological treatment. The chamber is designed for the use of various types of filter materials. At the same time, the device supports a power of 11 W, which allows pumping 800 l / h.

The body of the device is quite compact, moreover, it has practically no sharp corners. All lines are smoothed, and the outer shell reliably protects the inner part from mechanical stress. Thanks to the tripod included in the kit, the product can be easily mounted in a corner without taking up much space. Along with high-quality tightness and small size, the model has another advantage - it is equipped with a special control system with which you can adjust the performance, flow direction and, in general, the degree of water saturation with oxygen.

Best External Aquarium Filters

5 Sera Fil Bioactive 250

Versatile design
Country: Germany
Average price: 7500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.5

The external gray filter is unobtrusive and does not affect the interior design of the aquarium. However, the ergonomic shape of the housing resting on anti-slip rubber feet is convenient for installation. In general, the design is durable, since the plastic can withstand water pressure, and hermetic latches and an additional seal prevent leaks. The device is focused on a capacity of 100-250 liters.

A characteristic feature of the model is the layered placement of filter materials. These include sponges for coarse and fine cleaning, as well as a biological activator, which provides a 3-stage water purification. To wash the sponges, it is easy to pull them out of the case, and then carefully put them back. In this case, you do not need to make unnecessary movements, disassemble the structure. Special handles on the baskets make this procedure convenient. Filter nozzles are similarly easy to dismantle for subsequent installation. As pluses, the reviews indicate reduced energy consumption and a productivity of 750 l / h, among the minuses are called a loud sound during operation, rigid clamps on the hoses, and the difficulty of starting the device.

4 Laguna

Maximum combination of functionality and manufacturability
Country Russia
Average price: 3500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

The domestic manufacturer offers a whole line of external filters of different capacities. Our focus is on a model that filters 650 liters of water per hour. It can be attached to a container with a volume of 100 liters or more. The case with filling weighs only 3.55 kg, which consumers highlight as a plus. In addition to the canister itself, the design includes one filter basket. The working material for it are coal, sponges for fine and coarse cleaning. A distinctive design detail is the presence of a ceramic axis in the impeller, which contributes to the quiet operation of the filter. Such a high-tech solution guarantees a long trouble-free operation period.

What else stands out model of plastic, so it's solid equipment. There are not only hoses and taps for inlet / outlet, but also a manual pump, a protective grate for the intake tube, a flute with a plug. As the experience of aquarists shows, this model effectively copes with all types of debris and creates a good microclimate for underwater inhabitants.

3 Aquael MINIKANI 120

Best question price
Country: Poland
Average price: 3500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

A simple and inexpensive filter designed to purify water in aquariums up to 120 liters. It is unpretentious in maintenance, for which it has gained particular popularity among lovers of keeping aquarium fish. It has no restrictions on the used filter elements, so you can use any type of filler, and most importantly in large quantities. The main feature is that, unlike classic models, the pump can be placed both outside and inside the aquarium, and the filter box is much lower than the bottom. Ideal for home use. Among the advantages, one can also note the presence large compartment for filler,implementation of 3 types of cleaning.

2 TETRA EX 1200 PLUS

Optimum filtration quality
Country: Germany
Average price: 10,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

External filter for aquariums from 200 to 500 liters. In terms of cleaning performance, it is perhaps one of the best mid-budget models at the moment. In the basic configuration, it has 5 pre-installed fillers: ceramic rings and a special bio-sponge, balls and carbon absorbent, as well as a fibrous membrane at the finishing stage. The autostart system is integrated, so the pump does not need additional pumping of water after installing or replacing filters. The device is guaranteed to appeal to those for whom breeding aquarium fish is more than just a life hobby.

1 Prime

An effective solution for a large aquarium
Country: China
Average price: 5000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Owners of aquariums with a volume of 200-450 liters call this external device one of the best available on the market. Its design is perfectly adapted to the container of any shape. The upper part of the filter is equipped with a silicone seal, which prolongs the life of the device. Fillers are placed in 3 compartments. They are a heterogeneous material. These are coarse and fine sponges, activated carbon, environmentally friendly ceramics. With an equipment power of 25 W, its productivity reaches 1200 l / h.

Despite the weight of a little over 5 kg, the device is stable during operation, low noise level. For high-quality intake and discharge of water, the nozzles were made sliding. This helps to optimally take into account the depth. If necessary, it is possible to shut off the water flow without much physical effort thanks to the adapter with 2 taps on the hose. The set additionally includes 2 tubes, functioning as "Flute".

An aquarium is a small artificial reservoir with a closed space, in which there are no processes of natural water purification from the waste products of the inhabitants.

As a result, the water is polluted with waste, a population of small algae, pathogenic bacteria grows in it, and the environment becomes detrimental to the life of fish. Aquarium pumps are designed to solve the problem of purification, providing mechanical, chemical, biological water purification.

Another useful property of them is the mixing of water flows. Thus, the environment is maintained in a qualitatively homogeneous state throughout the entire volume of the aquarium.

The filter is a container with a compressor and a cleaning filler, which is sponges, carbon components and other complex systems. According to the location of the device, they are divided into 2 types - internal and external.

Experts from the online magazine EXPERTOLOGY have chosen the best aquarium pumps in terms of performance and reviews in two categories: indoor and outdoor devices.

The best internal filters for an aquarium

Indoor type devices are great for small aquariums with a small number of inhabitants.

The filters are a compact plastic cylinder, inside which, in addition to the compressor, there are filter layers made of organic sponges and carbon.

Such devices are easy to maintain (clean), the risk of leaks is completely eliminated, they are economical in terms of price and power consumption.

XILONG XL-F131

Perfect Performance
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.

The glass design of the device meets all modern requirements for this aquarium equipment. It is made of non-toxic, durable plastic, which does not lose its operational properties during prolonged stay under water. The internal filter is completely immersed in a container with fresh or marine bio-environment. The filter basket located in the housing has a large area, which means that mechanical cleaning is carried out efficiently and quickly. In numbers, this figure is 1200 l / h.

Saturation with beneficial microorganisms contributes to additional biological filtration. Therefore, the water in the aquarium becomes clean and transparent. During the operation of the device with a power of 15 W, vibrations are not created and the usual rhythm of life of the inhabitants of the depths is not disturbed. The kit also includes a flute and an injector nozzle for aeration. It is recommended to install such a model in containers up to 100 liters.

Dennerle Nano Clean Eckfilter Inner Corner Filter

2,500 (for XL model, for aquariums from 30 to 60 l)

The filter differs in noiselessness, compactness and high efficiency. An excellent choice for small aquariums, safe for shrimp and other crustaceans, including juveniles, thanks to narrow intake openings and a fine sponge. Economical energy consumption (only 2 W), performance up to 150 l/h and two filter compartments ensure excellent water quality. The water flow is adjustable and can be directed by turning the nozzle 90° in any direction.

Main advantages:

• 2 compartments;
• safe for shrimp;
• low power consumption;
• works quietly;
• flow can be adjusted and rotated.

• no aeration;
• suction cups quickly lose their elasticity.

Hydor CRYSTAL Mini K10 Internal filter 170 l/h, 4 W, for aquariums 20-50 l

The CRYSTAL Mini K10 internal filter is designed for marine and freshwater aquariums from 20 to 50 liters.

The filter is installed in the corner of the aquarium using a special tripod.

Thanks to adjustable aeration and flow direction systems, the device guarantees efficient water circulation.

The filter provides two-stage filtration: mechanical (removal of large particles using foam rubber), biological or chemical (the chamber is filled with different types of filtration materials).

The filter is easy to maintain.

Its design prevents leakage of filtered waste when removing the filter from the aquarium.

Specifications:

Dimensions: 8.5 x 9.3 x 19.5 cm

Productivity: 170 l/h

Power: 4W

Weight: 0.44 kg

JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 1000l/h

The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 water filtration system is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 500 liters, but it is not advisable to install it in a tank of less than 350 liters. The filter of the increased volume of 8 l. acts in all directions: captures solid waste, chemical impurities, growing colonies of bacteria.

The active layers are easy to remove and clean, and there is access to the compressor and heater for easy maintenance. The device is fixed on the inner wall with silicone glue included in the kit. A feature of the filter model is the two-flow principle of purification, the device creates different speeds of water movement: from above - high for better trapping of solid and chemical impurities, from below - slow for the development of anaerobic bacteria and purification of water from organic matter.

The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 system is relatively silent for a device of this productivity up to 1000 liters per hour, it is also possible to install a water heater of the same brand - together they form an organic circuit for even purification and distribution of a warm environment to all corners of the aquarium. The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 filter is ideal for a large aquarium with exotic inhabitants. It can be bought from 9,000 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Effective cleaning of all types of pollution; Two streams to improve the quality of water purification; Reliable device without hose connections; Convenient maintenance and cleaning; Mounting adhesive included.

LIMITATIONS Too big for a compact aquarium; High price.

JEBO 1200FAP

Quality build
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.

Inexpensive indoor device has proven itself in the filtration of fresh water. It is usually installed in aquariums with a volume of 150-200 liters. The plastic case is ergonomic, has no extra parts, protruding elements, backlashes between structural elements. It is designed for continuous operation without shutdown. To ensure high-quality work in the device, it is necessary to maintain the power declared by the manufacturer of 8.5 watts. Its average productivity is 600 l / h, which makes it possible to purify water well and saturate it with oxygen.

The owners attribute the design of the outlet pipe to the advantages of this product. It is equipped with a special swivel nozzle that adjusts the flow direction. The aeration option makes it possible not to use additional aquarium accessories. Not all filters are easy to maintain. However, this model is assembled and disassembled in a matter of minutes, unpretentious in care.

EHEIM Biopower 240 l

Powerful and very efficient filter with rotating pump and modular design EHEIM Biopower, designed for aquariums from 160 to 240 liters. It drives water through a complex of filter layers at a speed of up to 750 l/h. The direction of the liquid inside is from the bottom up, the active component is the SUBSTRATpro filler, which, in combination with an organic sponge, performs a comprehensive cleaning of solid particles and excess bacteria, the filter also maintains nitrates at zero. There is a possibility of additional installation of the coal filter (optionally). The output is water that is ideal for the quality of life of the fish. A feature of the system is a rotating pump that sets the direction for the movement of water, imitating natural flows, additionally enriched with oxygen. The device is attached to the wall with suction cups, the set includes replaceable SUBSTRATpro modules. You can buy EHEIM Biopower 240 l from 4,600 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Suitable for sea and fresh water; Solution for an aquarium densely populated with fish; Comprehensive cleaning of solid particles, bacteria and chemicals; Rotating pump to change the direction of water flow; Easy fastening to the inner wall of the aquarium.

LIMITATIONS With frequent movements of the device, the suction cups weaken.

BARBUS WP-300F

Extended equipment for miniature tank
Country Russia
Average price: 400 rubles.

Owners of aquariums up to 20 liters should definitely pay attention to this model. Despite its mini-parameters (with dimensions in the package of 13x8x6 cm, the filter weighs only 155 grams), the internal device received a lot of positive feedback. Firstly, it is in complete harmony with the underwater flora in color and does not violate the general appearance of the interior. Secondly, the device is optimally functional, since at a power of 2 W it is able to process 150 liters of water per hour.

However, its main advantage lies in its excellent configuration. The set includes such nozzles as "Water flute", "Filtration and sprinkling", "Filtration and aeration", "Filtration and circulation". Therefore, you can always choose the option of flow movement that is necessary in a particular case. Made of metal and plastic, the glass-type body is quickly attached to the container wall using suction cups. Coarsely porous sponge that collects dirt, easy to maintain. What users also highlight is the quiet operation of the device.

JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline

The JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline internal corner filter for biological and mechanical cleaning is designed for small aquariums up to 200 liters with adjustable flow from 300 to 720 l/h. Its feature is the possibility of expanding the modular filtering structure, which collects contaminants and reliably blocks them, perfectly clean water enters the tank. The nozzle can be rotated up to 900. The design is attached to the suction cups. The active cleaning component is anaerobic bacteria that process organic pollution, mechanical particles are retained by a sponge. All modules can be easily removed for cleaning. The device is compact and ready to use, just connect it to the mains and attach a flute to dissect the water at the outlet. The cost of the JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline device is about 7,000 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Economical power consumption of only 8 W; Efficient purification of solid particles and organics; Rotary nozzle; Velcro for fastening.

LIMITATIONS Does not regulate the chemical background.

Tetra Tetratec EasyCrystal

1 150 (for model 250, for aquariums from 15 to 40 liters)

The double-sided filter sponge ensures that the water is purified from the smallest particles of dirt: the white side filters out large conglomerates, the green one produces finer filtration. Activated charcoal eliminates unnecessary chemicals. And to top it off, the bio-sponge and balls with a large surface area on which colonies of beneficial bacteria form, provide biological cleaning, decomposing the remaining harmful components. The filter is very easy to maintain: it is enough to replace the cartridge once a month by attaching a new one using a special clip. Suction cups securely fix it in a comfortable position. Powerful magnetic turbine improves water flow.

Main advantages:

• affordable price;
• compact;
• 3 types of cleaning;
• no need to rinse the sponge - just replace the cartridge.

Best filter chamber capacity (six elements)
Country: Germany
Average price: 11500 rubles.

Fine filter designed for containers of 200-350 liters of water. The tank's own volume is 6 liters, according to this indicator, Juwel Bioflow 6.0 comes close to external type devices. In addition, 6 types of filter elements are located inside the capacious chamber: special dense cotton wool and 5 sponges of various degrees of density. They perform the function of complete mechanical and fine chemical-biological treatment, due to which water retains its suitability for a long period of time. If the question arises of choosing an expensive but good model of an internal filter, then experienced aquarists prefer this particular contender. The disadvantages of users include the high cost of the device, the rapid wear of rough cleaning materials.

Water filtration in an aquarium is the main and most affordable way to remove excess mineral and organic substances from it and maintain acceptable conditions in the aquarium for its inhabitants. The process of water filtration can be divided into three components:

1. mechanical filtration, the result of which is the removal of solid particles (suspensions) floating in the water column from the water;
2. biological filtration, through which metabolic products dissolved in it, resulting from the vital activity of the inhabitants of the aquarium, are removed from the water;
3. chemical filtration, with the help of this type of filtration, harmful inorganic and organic impurities are removed from the aquarium water, and, if necessary, the water parameters are changed by adding the necessary preparations to it;

Water purification in the aquarium is carried out in stages.

Mechanical and biological treatment

At the first stage, rough water purification is carried out, using filter materials that trap suspended particles.
This is a purely mechanical function that does not carry a biological load.
The filter media used at this stage should be periodically (at least once a week) washed in clean running water.
As a filter filler, as a rule, various synthetic sponges are used, as well as special silicone foam rubber and synthetic winterizer.

At the second stage, biological water purification takes place, which is a multi-stage process as a result of which highly toxic substances (ammonia, ammonium, nitrite) are converted into low-toxic nitrate.
For this, a filler is used that has a finely porous structure with the maximum possible surface area for colonization by beneficial bacteria responsible for biological treatment.
Moreover, the larger the surface area of ​​the material used, the more efficient the filter will work.

The first and second stages of filtration are closely related.
First, mechanical and biological filtration can be performed by the same filter.
Secondly, the task of cleaning the aquarium from organic pollution is solved simultaneously: biologically, using nitrification, and mechanically, by directly removing dirt from the aquarium.

Thus, effective mechanical filtration dramatically reduces the load on the biofilter and vice versa.

Chemical cleaning

In aquarium practice, chemical filtration is primarily understood as sorption. Depending on the type of sorption, various adsorbents are used - bodies capable of absorbing a substance with their (usually highly porous) surface, and chemical absorbers that bind a certain substance by entering into a chemical reaction with it.

A separate group is represented by ion-exchange sorbents, passing through which the solution gives them ions of one type and takes an equivalent amount of ions of another type.

The most common chemical filtration using activated carbon as an adsorbent. Some minerals included in the group of zeolites, synthetic ion-exchange resins and peat are used as chemical fillers.
Ion-exchange resins and zeolites absorb nitrates, ammonia, phosphates and some other substances, and instead emit harmless ions of chlorine, sodium, sulfates.
Peat contains a rich set of amino acids and tannins. Therefore, its use as a filler slightly reduces the pH value, while enriching the water with various biologically active substances, which are so necessary for the inhabitants of the "black waters".

Sterilization of water can also be attributed to chemical filtration. The main methods of which in aquarium practice are ultraviolet irradiation and ozonation.

In order to effectively influence the conditions of keeping the inhabitants of the aquarium, it is necessary to have an idea about the processes taking place in the aquarium and the filter.

The main pollution of water occurs as a result of feeding the inhabitants of the aquarium. And it does not matter whether the food is completely eaten or its remains have fallen to the bottom.
Uneaten food and metabolic products excreted by fish are the main suppliers of organic compounds involved in the cycle of biological transformations with the help of various microorganisms (nitrogen cycle).

The first stage of this cycle, called mineralization, consists in the utilization of complex nitrogen-containing organic compounds to simple inorganic ones. The result of the decomposition of animal waste products is ammonia NH3, which is dangerous for living organisms already at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l.
Ammonia, interacting with hydrogen ions H + present in water, or with water molecules, forms ammonium ions NH4 +, a less dangerous but also toxic substance.

The ratio of ammonia and ammonium depends on a number of factors. One of which is the active reaction of water (pH). At pH values ​​below 7.0 units, the ammonia content in the water is negligible. So, at a pH value of 7.0, the proportion of ammonium is 99.5%, and ammonia is 0.5%.
At pH values ​​greater than 7.0 units, the proportions are somewhat different. At pH = 7.5, the ammonium content is 96%, and ammonia - 4%, and at a pH value of 8.0, the proportion of ammonium will be 92%, and ammonia - 8%.

Water temperature can also affect the ratio of ammonia to ammonium, given the same pH value.
At higher temperatures, the ammonia content in the water will be higher. And since most aquarium inhabitants come from warm tropical waters and, accordingly, the water temperature for keeping them lies in the range from 24 to 30 ° C, ammonia can be a tangible problem.

The second stage of the nitrogen cycle is called nitrification, this is the process of biological oxidation of ammonia and ammonium ions, first to nitrites NO2, and then to nitrates NO3.
These processes take place in an aerobic environment (i.e. rich in oxygen) under the action of nitrifying bacteria present in the aquarium. The main role of the nitrification process is the conversion of highly toxic nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrite) into low-toxic compounds (nitrates).

Nitrates are also harmful to hydrobionts, but their effect is much weaker than that of ammonia and nitrites.
Nitrates are the end product of the nitrification process, since they are no longer broken down, but only accumulate in the water, negatively affecting the fish.
You can reduce the concentration of nitrates in the aquarium by replacing part of the old water with fresh water.
Aquatic vegetation plays an important role in the absorption of nitrates.

Unlike nitrates, nitrites are poisonous even in small doses. Their limiting concentration should not exceed 0.1 mg/l. Since even a short stay in such water can cause damage to some of the internal organs of fish.

Nitrification process

How does the nitrification process take place?
The main role in the process of nitrification is played by aerobic bacteria present in both freshwater and marine aquariums. Usually these are representatives of the genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
The first group of bacteria oxidizes ammonium to nitrite, and the second converts nitrite to nitrate. Bacteria live thanks to the energy received as a result of these processes.

In both cases, a large amount of oxygen is required, especially in the oxidation of ammonium. If nitrifying bacteria receive less oxygen than they need, then the nitrification process is less productive. So, according to the data presented by M. Sander (“Technical Equipment of the Aquarium”, 2002), with an oxygen content in water of 2 mg / l, only 40% of the maximum possible nitrification occurs. While at 4 mg/l already 86% is achieved.

Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are always present in the filter media. With a sufficient amount of oxygen, the activity of aerobic bacteria increases, with simultaneous deactivation of anaerobic bacteria.
Conversely, when the oxygen content decreases, the number of anaerobic bacteria increases.

Water is the main supplier of oxygen, it always flows along the path of least resistance. Undesirable anaerobic processes begin to develop in the silty filter, with obvious impassable zones.
Therefore, it is so important to clean the filter in a timely and correct manner.

In order for the nitrification process to proceed with maximum efficiency, it is necessary to create an oxygen regime in the aquarium at which the concentration of dissolved oxygen would be at least 6 mg / l.

The process of nitrification can be influenced by a number of other parameters:

Temperature
The most favorable for the development of nitrifying bacteria is in the range from 20 to 30°C, with warmer water being preferable.
It must be remembered that oxygen dissolves worse in warm water than in cold water. Thus, at a temperature of 30°C, the maximum amount of oxygen dissolved in water is about 7.4 mg/l.

Active reaction
Nitrification proceeds with the greatest intensity in an environment with a pH of 7.5 to 8.5.
According to S. Spott (“Containing fish in closed systems”, 1983), the optimal pH value for ammonium oxidation is 7.8, and for nitrite oxidation - 7.1. In water with a pH below 7.5, the intensity of ammonium oxidation decreases: for example, at pH=6.6, nitrification is only 85% of the optimum.

The influence of medicines
Due to the fact that the treatment of fish is often carried out in a common aquarium. Drugs introduced into the water of the aquarium affect not only pathogens, but also beneficial microorganisms.
In some cases, this leads to a complete blocking of the nitrification process.
The publications give different data, but in fact everyone agrees that nitrification stops with the use of drugs such as methylene blue, erythromycin, potassium permanganate, sulfanilamide, etc.

Salinity of water
The bacteria involved in the nitrification process are quite resistant to fluctuations in water salinity. However, nitrification is more active in fresh water.

If the organic load on the filter exceeds its capacity, then there is a real threat of a surge in the concentration of ammonium and nitrite. On the other hand, with a low organic content, beneficial bacteria can be left without food. As a result, their population degrades and its restoration (for example, with an increase in the number of fish in an aquarium) will take some time, during which the values ​​of ammonium and nitrites dissolved in water may also increase.

In a balanced aquarium that has been functioning for a long time, the activity of bacteria inhabiting the filter is balanced with the amount of organic matter entering the water. In such a system, the processes of mineralization and nitrification usually proceed simultaneously, and the ammonium content in water does not exceed 0.01 mg/l, and as for nitrites, only their traces are captured, which are the result of uncontrolled denitrification.

But in a freshly equipped aquarium (or in an aquarium with a thoroughly washed filter). Ammonium and nitrite can become a very real and big problem.
Therefore, starting an aquarium always requires special attention from the aquarist.
In a new aquarium there are always successive peaks - first ammonium and then nitrite. And only after the appearance of sufficiently high nitrate values, it can be concluded that nitrification works effectively.

As a rule, the biofilter reaches its maximum capacity after 2 months. This period can be shortened by using in a new biofilter a filler from a long-standing filter or by introducing a special culture of bacteria into the aquarium, which can be purchased at a specialized store.

The main function of the filter in the aquarium is cleaning (water filtration) in the aquarium, it is also needed to eliminate the remains of the life of the inhabitants of the aquarium, as well as to mix the water and enrich it with oxygen.

Our rating of the best filters for aquariums in 2020, which is compiled according to customer reviews and opinions, will help you make the right choice.

TOP 3 best filters for 40 liters aquariums

1. SunSun HJ-511 (500 rubles)

The internal filter for aquariums with marine life works with a sufficiently high power for its class of devices and has a large throughput, which buyers pay attention to.

This model is attached with suction cups to the glass wall, and cleaning is carried out only as it gets dirty.

2. Eheim aquaball (2800 rubles)

The remarkable filter is famous for its round head, which is able to rotate intensively, aeration, as well as a modular compartment scheme.

In addition, the owners are pleased with the fact that, if necessary, you can replace the filtering substrate yourself.

The only drawback of this model is the loss of elasticity of the suction cups in case of prolonged use.

3. Dennerle Nano Clean Eckfilter (2600 rubles)

The option with a couple of necessary compartments is actively bought up by the owners of small aquariums with fish.

It purifies water silently, does not pose a risk to shrimp and consumes minimal energy. In addition, this model can be easily adjusted and changed the direction of flow.

The negative qualities include the lack of aeration.

TOP 3 best filters for a 50 liter aquarium

1. LIFT (1000 rubles)

In aquariums with a capacity of 40-50 liters, people often purchase this particular filter.

Buyers like it not only for its low price, but also for other features.

Most aquarists note

• the ability to saturate the liquid with oxygen,
• work from any compressor,
• delicate cleansing,
• high-quality fastening and complete safety for shrimps.

2. Tetra Tetratec EasyCrystal (1200 rubles)

The filter with a double-sided sponge eliminates the smallest particles of dirt and chemicals from the liquid.

It differs from competitors in three types of cleaning, compact dimensions and no need to rinse the sponge, as it will be enough just to replace the cartridge.

As for the cons, they include:

• financial costs of use (at the end of each month you need to purchase a new cartridge),
• small amount of substrate.

3. Minjiang NS F260 (450 rubles)

For tanks of small sizes, devices with convenient fasteners on the inner wall, as well as minimal dimensions, are perfect.

This device is in demand among aquarium owners due to its high power, complete safety in the process of water purification, as well as durability, which is confirmed by many real customer reviews.

TOP 3 best filters for a 100 liter aquarium

1. AQUAEL ASAP 500 (1 thousand rubles)

Users like the device at a favorable price for the excellent quality of both mechanical and biological types of cleaning, as well as for the possibility of self-replacement of cleaning elements.

In addition to the advantages, this filter also has disadvantages, but there are only two of them - there is no standard function for removing excess chemicals and the frequency of changing filter elements.

2. EHEIM BIOPOWER 160 (3 thousand rubles)

One of the best filters according to the reviews of aquarists combines reasonable cost and excellent quality of work.

In addition, people are pleased with the presence of three stages of purification with fine biofiltration.

A significant disadvantage of the device is its fragility, if you have to cope with a large amount of waste.

3. AQUAEL MINIKANI 120 (4 thousand rubles)

This filter is great for purifying liquid in aquariums with inhabitants.

It is equipped with an additional large-sized compartment for the filler and carries out as many as three types of filtration, which is very popular with customers.

In addition, people are pleasantly surprised by the universal placement of the suction pump.

It is almost impossible to find flaws in this model, since it is ideal for its category.

TOP 3 best filters for a 150 liter aquarium

1. Aqua Design Amano (ADA) Super Jet Filter ES-600 (50 thousand rubles)

It creates a real ecosystem in the habitat of fish, greatly facilitating their life.

In addition, this model has a sufficient degree of purification and as many as three filtration options.

Speaking about the negative qualities, people point only to the cost, but few consider it overpriced, because you can pay an order of magnitude more for such opportunities.

2. AQUAEL Turbo (3 thousand rubles)

The model for aquariums has not only the lowest cost in this category of devices, but is also famous for other advantages.

These include:

• there is an opportunity to increase productivity,
• liquid cleansing speed,
• biological type filtration in two stages,
• the chance of installing cleaning layers in the required quantity.

As for the shortcomings, it is important to note the heating of the motor during long-term operation without interruptions, as well as the low-frequency hum during the filtering process.

3. EHEIM 2275 professional 4+ (30 thousand rubles)

The German filter for external mounting is famous for its high performance, relatively low power consumption, as well as the presence of reliable nozzle protection with a delay procedure function.

This device can be safely used in combination with other accessories of the manufacturer, which will provide better performance and durability.

The only drawback is the need to purchase filter media, since there are no spares in the kit.

TOP 3 best filters for a 200 liter aquarium

1. JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 (10 thousand rubles)

An internal filter for impressive aquariums is known in fish lovers circles as a device that can effectively deal with any contamination.

It does not have hose connections, which makes it much more convenient to use, but there are two streams here, which aim to improve the quality of liquid filtration.

It is also worth noting the glue included in the kit - it allows the owner to independently carry out installation work.

The only drawback is the large size, which is why this device will not fit in a small tank.

2. JBL CristalProfi E1501 greenline (14 thousand rubles)

An expensive filter for large aquariums with fish and other marine life differs from other models in its interesting design, powerful pump, as well as maintaining the purity of the liquid in tanks with a volume of up to 700 liters.

In addition, the owners are enthusiastic about the high quality of the cleaning.

3. JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline (9 thousand rubles)

The corner filter for indoor placement has a set of high-quality suction cups for fastening, consumes electricity economically and perfectly cleans organic matter.

The only negative is the lack of control over the chemical background.

TOP 3 best filters for a 250 liter aquarium

1. EHEIM 2073 professional (18 thousand rubles)

It has three cleaning options, is energy efficient and has an easy-to-clean pre-filter.

In addition, branded fillers are included in the kit.

This device is equipped with a six-liter cartridge and a high-quality pump.

It pleases its owners every day, as it is able to purify the liquid with three types of filtration (from the finest to the most coarse).

A negative quality is the fragility of filters for rough cleaning.

The model with excellent filtering qualities is famous for its ease of maintenance and installation, the presence of an automatic pump start function, as well as a high-quality valve to shut off the flow of water into the tank.

Moreover, this filter is suitable for almost all aquariums with a capacity of more than 200 liters.

Criterias of choice

Two main criteria will help you choose the best aquarium:

• Power . This criterion implies the volume of liquid that the device can process per hour. It depends on the size of the tank. So, for example, a 100-liter aquarium will require a device capable of distilling 1,000 liters of liquid in 60 minutes.
• Price . The most expensive are Chinese goods, which are distinguished by their durability and lack of interruptions in work. Prominent representatives of the middle price category are German filters. And among the cheapest options are domestic models.

You should also pay attention to the type of filler:

• Sponge. This option is considered the easiest. It is easy to deal with in terms of flushing. In addition, over time, the sponge begins to perform not only mechanical, but also biological cleaning.
• Zeolite. This material is natural, it consists of zeolite clay. It is able to eliminate ammonia and harmful chemicals from the liquid.
• Activated carbon. The well-known absorbent absorbs many organic substances, as well as chemical compounds.
• Sintepon. It is used for fine cleaning and perfectly copes with the smallest mechanical impurities. As a rule, synthetic winterizer is used in combination with other fillers.

  These devices are designed to purify the water in which fish and other representatives of marine life live. For a full life, they, like people, need a clean environment, otherwise living beings will simply die. In nature, fortunately, running water goes through natural filtration, but the still environment in the aquarium requires forced purification. This is where the importance of filters and compressors lies.

  What is the best filter for an aquarium - internal or external?

  When choosing a filter for a home aquarium, taking into account the installation method, people often think about which option is best. In fact, each owner of marine life must answer this question on their own, because both varieties have their advantages and disadvantages:

  • Internal filter. It is installed in the aquarium itself and is attached with special suction cups that are included in the kit. Here, foam rubber and a sponge act as filter elements. Speaking of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the impressive dimensions.
  • Outdoor filter . It is usually chosen by professional aquarists. This type is installed outside the tank and attached to its inside. Inside the device there are compartments for installing various cleaners. The external filter has tubes that run to the aquarium water and pump out contaminants from there, replacing them with a clean liquid. The disadvantages of the device include fragility.
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Mechanical water filtration is the easiest and most effective way to keep your aquarium clean. It is enough to install such a device and connect it to the network so that the water in the aquarium is always fresh and clear.

There are different configurations of equipment for purifying aquarium water, but the principle of operation of all aquarium filters is the same: an electric pump pumps water from the tank through a porous filter media, in which waste products of fish and other inhabitants of an ornamental reservoir are retained.

Experienced aquarists most often use outdoor multi-stage filter systems. Unlike internal filters, they do not take up space in the aquarium and have a high performance.

Water intake in such a system is carried out through a thin PVC hose immersed in the aquarium, through a similar tube the purified water is returned to the aquarium. There is nothing complicated in the device of such a filtration and aeration system, so if you wish, you can do it yourself.

Homemade aquarium filter will be in no way inferior to store counterparts, and subject to regular maintenance - cleaning and replacing filter elements - it will effectively cope with its functions.

What is required to create the simplest aquarium filtration and aeration system?

Understanding the principle of operation of the filter installation, it is possible to assemble a productive external filter for a standard aquarium with a volume of 100-200 liters from various improvised materials, as well as from inexpensive components that can be bought on any construction market.

To create the simplest aquarium filtration and aeration system, you will need the following materials and tools:

• drill and drills of various diameters;
• jigsaw or hacksaw;
• sandpaper;
• pump (an old pump from a submersible filter will do);
• sewer PVC pipe 110 mm (joint);
• plugs with a diameter of 110 mm - 4 pieces;
• cable glands pg-7 - 2 pieces;
• cable glands pg-16 - 2 pieces;
• Mayevsky crane (device for air release from the filter housing);
• ball valve for regulating the water pressure at the outlet;
• transparent silicone hose with a diameter of 8-10 mm;
• filter media - highly porous ceramic rings;
  foam rubber;
• liquid silicone for sealing seams.

They are used as a means of biological treatment.

Ceramics (special clay) has a porous structure, and a special shape significantly increases the working surface area on which beneficial bacteria develop.

In the course of their life activity, they convert the ammonium excreted by the fish into nitrates, which the plants living in the aquarium consume.

Ceramic rings must be periodically (once a month) washed, and as they become heavily soiled (if washing does not help), they should be renewed.

Instructions - how to make the simplest aquarium filtration and aeration system

Of the elements listed above, you can independently assemble a full-fledged filter for the aquarium using improvised tools.

The procedure is as follows:

1. In one of the plugs, which will serve as the top cover of the filter, it is necessary to drill 5 holes - cable entries and a Mayevsky crane will be mounted in them. The holes must be 1 mm smaller than the diameter of the threads of the inlets and the tap.
2. 4 inlets and a tap are carefully screwed into the finished holes. All seams for better sealing are coated with silicone. Because the body is made of soft PVC, you don't need to use much force when screwing the parts.
3. On the pipe coming out of the pump, you need to tightly put on the silicone hose and bring it out through one of the large inlets. Insert the wire from the pump into the small inlet.
4. In the second large input, you need to insert a hose for water intake.
5. Two plugs with a diameter of 110 mm must be cut off the side so that they fit inside the pipe. In each resulting circle, you need to drill one large hole for the intake tube (the diameter of the hole corresponds to the diameter of the tube), as well as 2-3 dozen small holes for water circulation in the filter.
6. Next, we make the bottom cover of the filter. To do this, we place the ring (which was left during the previous step) in the whole plug, and install a prepared circle on it with a hole for the water supply hose.
7. It remains only to assemble the filter. To do this, a layer of foam rubber (mechanical cleaning filter) is laid on the lower grid, a layer of ceramic filler is poured on it, then a layer of foam rubber is laid again and the filler is poured again.

VIDEO INSTRUCTION

Aquarium Water Filtration System ready! It remains to install the pump, fill the filter with water, close the top cover and place two hoses (intake and clean water supply hose) into the aquarium.

Before starting operation, carefully inspect all connections for leaks. If leaks are found, drain the water from the filter and coat the problem areas with silicone sealant.