Various plants on earth. Summary of educational activities on the topic "Variety of plants" for children of senior preschool age. Recording homework

Class: 3

to introduce students to groups of plants and their characteristics, to summarize the knowledge of children about the diversity of plants on Earth;
to teach to observe, analyze, compare and generalize the acquired knowledge; enrich vocabulary;
develop the ability to work in a team; love and respect for nature.

Equipment: tables for each child, herbarium of plants, drawings with poisonous and medicinal plants, cards with the name of plants.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment,

II. Repetition of what has been learned and testing of knowledge.

Plants are found everywhere on Earth. They form forests, meadows. The green outfit makes our planet amazing.

What groups can plants be divided into? (Trees, shrubs, herbs).
Why are plants classified as living beings? (Eat, breathe, grow, reproduce).

Questions and tasks:

Divide these plants into two groups:

Crow's eye, St. John's wort, poisonous milestones, nettle, henbane, lily of the valley, plantain, tansy, celandine. (Medicinal and poisonous)

Why are medicinal plants given this name?

Quiz “Forest Pharmacy”

You rubbed your leg along the way. How to relieve pain? (Attach a plantain leaf.)
What berry replaces lemon? (Cranberry contains citric acid.)
What fruits are rich in vitamin C? (Blackcurrant, wild rose.)
- What healing properties does coltsfoot have? (Decoction of flowers and leaves is a good cough remedy.)
What grass do cats like? What diseases does it help? (Valerian. Valerian drops are used for nervous disorders and insomnia.)

Review the rules for handling poisonous plants.

You can’t eat or even taste the berries, fruits, rhizomes of a plant if you don’t know if it is edible!
Do not leave your little brother or sister unattended in the forest, in the field, in the meadow!
Do not take a blade of grass, stalk, spikelet of a plant into your mouth. You might accidentally pluck its poisonous part!
After collecting plants in the forest, in the meadow, be sure to wash your hands! When collecting plants, try not to touch your face, do not rub your eyes.

What parts of the plant do you know? (Root, stem, leaves, flower, fruit with seeds.)

III. Introduction to new material. Group work.

1. Work according to the scheme “Diversity of plants on Earth”. Page 54

Scientists studied plants and came to the conclusion that not all plants are similar to others, so they divided them into several groups. Let's take a close look at the diagram. See how many different groups of plants there are. Try to formulate the topic of the lesson

Today we will talk about the diversity of plants. What plants live on our planet?

What do you think, on what basis did scientists divide groups of plants? (According to the structural features of different groups)
- So, in order to find the answer to this question, you need to study the characteristics of each group of plants.

2. Characteristics of each group of plants.

1) Algae. page 54

1 tour guide:

With the head, gone under the waves, green between the stones,
We do not have flowers and leaves, to be honest, there are no roots.
We will perish on land: we always live in water.

1 tour guide: Algae have neither roots, nor stems, nor leaves, although some large marine representatives of this group of organisms have formations that look like these organs. Why don't algae need roots? Algae do not need roots, as they live in a solution of nutrients and can absorb them with their entire surface.

Some algae, mainly seaweeds, have plates shaped like leaves. Seaweeds have been used for a long time and quite widely in human food, as animal feed, as fertilizer, as a raw material for the manufacture of medicines, as well as in the form of bread ingredients, cakes , canned meat, ice cream, jelly and various emulsions. Iodine can be extracted from the bowels of the earth, but almost all over the world it continues to be extracted from seaweed.

This wonderful world

Seaweed as a medicine was known as early as the 13th century in China. In the XIII century, the Chinese emperor issued a decree obliging the population to systematically eat it as a dietary and prophylactic agent and deliver it for these purposes to settlements at the expense of the state.

2 tour guide:

Between cranberries and cloudberries, among forest swamps,
Always on moist soil my relative grows.
It may be green or almost gray,
But you have to bend down to meet him.
In the forest, in the damp lowland, you will always meet us,
After all, we need water for our life.

Moss grows in swamps sphagnum. Sphagnum is a common name for various (primarily in color) types of mosses: “ white moss”, “brown moss”, “red moss”, etc. Common to all mosses is that living on very wet soils, they accumulate a lot of water in the leaves and in the surface layers of the stems. Mosses do not have roots, and it is thanks to aquifers that sphagnum leaves have a hygroscopic property, that is, they are able to retain water Word sphagnum translated from Greek meanssponge

Sphagnum mosses play an important role in the formation and life of swamps. Peat deposits are formed from the dead remains of sphagnum. Moss sphagnum grows at the top of the stem, and its lower part dies off ("peat"). This is how huge deposits of peat are formed over many years. Peat is a valuable raw material for obtaining wax, paraffin, ammonia, alcohol, etc. It is used in medicine, in the construction industry, as fuel, fertilizers.

Sphagnum moss is used both in folk and scientific medicine as an antiseptic and dressing material for purulent wounds, as it has the ability to absorb a large amount of moisture, exceeding the properties of the best varieties of hygroscopic cotton wool. In world practice, sphagnum moss is used mainly for growing indoor plants. Moss has no nutrients, but it gives the earth the necessary friability, due to its hygroscopicity, it contributes to the uniform moistening of the earthen clod

3) Ferns.

3 guide:

I love moisture too.
In the shadows, in the wilderness,
My carved leaves are, of course, good.
But I'm not proud of them!
Our very ancient family
Brings warmth and light from the past of the planet.

Tree ferns have almost died out, but herbaceous ones feel good even in modern conditions. The word "glass" is borrowed from French and means - fern Leaves sometimes reach up to one and a half meters, but grow very slowly. Only in the spring of the third year do they reach full development. In autumn, the leaves of our forest ferns tend to die off. Ferns are moisture-loving and shade-tolerant plants. In addition to stems and leaves, they have roots.

4) Coniferous plants page 57

4 tour guide:

We are dear to you all with our green view all year round.
We are easy to recognize by the cones and the abundance of resin.
Our leaves are very prickly, they are called needles,
And although we bring joy to you, we never bloom.

Why did this group get such a name?
These plants are also called gymnosperms, because in addition to the root, stem and leaves, they also have seeds that are located openly (naked) on the scales of cones.

This amazing world.

The giant sequoia can grow up to about 95 m, and its trunk diameter can range from 5 to 11 m. The largest of these trees, "General Sherman", is about 4000 years old and weighs about 2995796 kg.

5) Flowering plants. page 58

Well, we, and we are with flowers,
We bloom, we give fruits,
We'll feed the seeds
We will decorate the house.
We are in the forests, meadows and in the field,
We are in the desert and in the water.
By flowers, as by a password,
You will recognize us everywhere.

Why are they called that?
How are they different from other plants?
Give examples of flowering plants.
Why are flowers beautiful and fragrant?
- Flowering plants don't bloom for people. Bright colors, aroma are necessary for flowers to attract insects.

Only we humans can admire the beauty of flowers. And insects are only interested in color, flower shape and smell. After all, flowers do not just lure, they also feed some insects with juice-nectar, others with pollen, and still others with both.

It is interesting!

The most important place in the diet of the ancient Kamchadals was occupied by this plant, dark purple flowers. Its onions, crushed with blueberries and other berries, were used as bread for Itelmens.

Answer: the common name is sarany; these include hazel grouse and weak lily (orange flowers).

IV. Group work.

We have learned the signs of various groups and species of plants, and now we can analyze and generalize new knowledge. Each team has a table on the table. Now you will need, based on the textbook, and the knowledge gained in the lesson, fill it out. Think about what features distinguish the plants of each group.

Each team defends its opinion about any one group. Other children are discussing.

On what grounds did scientists divide all plants into different groups?

	stems	leaves	flowers	roots	fruits and seeds
flowering
seaweed
mosses
ferns
coniferous

Examination:

	stems	leaves	flowers	roots	fruits and seeds
flowering	+	+	+	+	+
seaweed
mosses	+	+
ferns	+	+		+
coniferous	+	+		+	+

V. Consolidation of knowledge .

What groups is the plant kingdom divided into? (Algae, ferns, conifers - plants, flowering plants.)
- Where do algae grow? (Inhabitants of the water)
- Where can you find mosses? (In humid places.)
- How to recognize ferns? (By beautiful leaves that look like feathers.)
- Name the representatives of coniferous plants. (Pine, spruce, cedar, juniper…)
- Which of the groups is the most diverse? (flowering plants)
What is the science of plants called? (Botany.)

VI . Art Gallery Reproduction of the painting “Lilacs in a Basket” by P.P. Konchalovsky. 59

Pyotr Petrovich Konchalovsky was very fond of lilac, he devoted many canvases to it: “Lilac in a Basket”, “Lilac” and others.

Look closely at the reproduction of the painting. Like it smelled like spring? The bouquet is fresh, lush, beautiful, fragrant, large...
What color is this lilac? (lilac white, pink, light purple, dark red, purple...)
Can you see individual flowers? (No)
- Why? (there are a lot of them, tightly pressed to each other, star flowers, carnation flowers, crosses, stars).
-What do lilac brushes resemble in shape? (heavy bunches of grapes, large brushes of lilacs).

Konchalovsky about the bouquet: “In this bouquet everything blooms, lives and rejoices.” We feel his admiration for nature, love for lilacs. Lilac also evokes a good mood in us, reminds us of spring, the beauty of nature.

VII. Summary of the lesson.

What was the most interesting?
- What did you learn new for yourself?

VIII. Homework:

read the text of the textbook p.54-58;
optionally, prepare reports on plants of interest using the encyclopedia, or complete task No. 43 in the workbook N°1

Literature:

N.F. Vinogradova, The world around. textbook for grade 3. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2008.
O.A. Isakova, The world around, lesson plans for grade 3. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2006.
O.I. Dmitrieva, T.V. Maksimova lesson developments at the course “The world around us” Grade 3.-M .: VAKO, 2008

There are many different types of plants growing on Earth. Often they are different from each other both in appearance and in structure. For example, among plants there are unicellular forms, there are multicellular forms with an undifferentiated body, but most plants have organs and tissues. But even if plants have a similar internal structure, they can differ greatly in appearance. This is due to adaptation to specific habitats and ways of life.

With all the diversity of plants, unicellular forms are characteristic only of a number of algae. Other algae are multicellular. All algae (both unicellular and multicellular) belong to lower plants. This is due to the fact that algae do not have real organs and tissues. Although in representatives of brown algae, differentiation of the body into tissues can be noted.

All other groups of plants are considered higher. These are mosses, ferns, horsetails, club mosses, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Each group has its own diversity of flora. It should be noted that in the process of evolution (the historical development of life on Earth) certain groups dominated at certain periods. So in the Carboniferous period (300 million years ago), forests consisting of tree-like ferns grew on land. The climate was humid and warm. When the climate began to become drier and colder, gymnosperms appeared, and later angiosperms more adapted to land habitation. To date, ferns are represented mainly by herbaceous forms that live in the forest canopy.

Mosses, ferns, horsetails and club mosses are called higher spore plants. They reproduce by spores. There are two stages in their life cycle - gametophyte and sporophyte. The cells of the gametophyte contain a single set of chromosomes, and the sporophyte contains a double set. The life cycle of mosses is dominated by the gametophyte, while that of ferns is dominated by the sporophyte.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering) plants reproduce using seeds. They belong to the group seed plants. The seed, unlike the spore, contains a large supply of nutrients. In angiosperms, the seeds develop in the ovary of the flower, after maturation, they are surrounded by the fruit. In gymnosperms, the seeds usually develop in cones and lie naked on their scales.

Gymnosperms are mainly represented by trees. Among angiosperms, there are many both trees and grasses, as well as other life forms. In the process of evolution, herbaceous forms of flowering plants appeared later and, in a number of ways, have a more complex structure compared to trees.

Today on Earth, the diversity of plants is mainly formed by angiosperms (flowering) plants. There are about 300,000 of them. There are only about 1000 species of gymnosperms. There are more than 10,000 species of ferns, more than 25,000 moss species, about 20,000 lichens, and about 35,000 species of algae.

Despite all the variety of plants, they have two common features. The presence of both traits in an organism allows it to be classified as a plant. It:

Obtaining organic substances from inorganic substances using the process of photosynthesis, which takes place in the light. In other words, all plants are autotrophs.

Plant cells contain nuclei, that is, plants are eukaryotic organisms. For example, cyanobacteria are capable of photosynthesis, but do not have nuclei, so they are not classified as plants, but as bacteria.

Plants can be found everywhere on our planet, even in the most remote corners with a harsh climate. They not only decorate the Earth, but also purify the air, are food and building material. The variety of plants is amazing: in nature there are very tiny specimens, and real giants, reaching several tens of meters.

Algae are the inhabitants of water, which differ from other plants in the simplest structure. They do not have roots, stems and leaves, and they absorb nutrients with their entire body.

The size of algae can be very different. There are absolutely tiny algae that can only be seen under a microscope. In summer, there is a "bloom" of water, when it acquires a rich green color. This shade of water is given by unicellular green algae.

In nature, there are specimens that can reach a length of 40 meters. Such algae grow in the seas and oceans.

Rice. 1. Algae.

Small algae float freely in the water, while large ones attach to the bottom and form a real underwater jungle. Coloring can also be very different: brown, green, red.

mosses

Mosses are small plants whose height does not exceed a few centimeters. These are one of the most ancient inhabitants of the planet, which appeared much earlier than dinosaurs.

Since mosses do not have true roots, they may appear weak and fragile at first glance. But that's not the case at all. Mosses are extremely hardy plants, able to survive in the harshest climates. But they prefer to live in moist shady corners of the forest.

Outwardly, mosses are very similar to sponges, and are able to absorb water. If you take a piece of moss in your hand and squeeze it, then a lot of water will flow out of it.

Ferns are one of the most ancient plants, widely distributed around the globe, but are most often found in humid forests. These plants were able to adapt to different habitat conditions, and are able to grow not only in the soil, but also on trees, in rock crevices, even in the desert.

Ferns range in size from very tiny to large tree-like forms up to 25 m high. They are distinguished by beautiful long feather-like leaves.

Rice. 2. Ferns.

Ferns have roots, short stems and large leaves, but they never bloom. These plants do not have seeds. Instead, they form spores, with the help of which they reproduce.

coniferous plants

The main difference between coniferous trees is the shape of the leaves, which resemble needles. These are needles, thanks to which trees can grow in regions with a cold climate. In winter, instead of shedding their leaves like all other trees, conifers retain their needles. Their change occurs once every few years.

Coniferous plants include larch, fir, pine, spruce, cedar, juniper.

flowering plants

Flowering plants are the most widespread on our planet. They can be found on any part of the land, from Antarctica to the Arctic.

The main distinguishing feature of all flowering plants is the formation of flowers, which, after withering, form fruits with seeds. Once in the ground, the seeds germinate - this is how flowering plants reproduce.

Rice. 3. Lily of the valley.

All cultivated plants that man brought out are representatives of this department of plants.

Plant Diversity Table

	*Root*	*Stem*	*Leaves*	*reproduction*	*Peculiarities*
lower plants
					live in water
higher plants
					They live in humid shaded places, are very hardy, do not have flowers.

		stiff	In the form of needles - needles	Seeds are formed in cones	Almost all representatives are evergreen
Flowering		grassy or woody	sheet plate	Flowers that produce fruits with seeds	Have a great variety

What have we learned?

When studying the topic “Plant Diversity” under the 3rd grade program of the world around us, we learned how large and diverse the world of plants is. We found out that in nature there are lower plants with a simple structure, and higher plants, which are distinguished by a more complex structure and a variety of forms.

Topic quiz

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Victoria Taibova
Summary of educational activities on the topic "Variety of plants" for children of senior preschool age

Summary of educational activities on the topic"plant diversity" for children of senior preschool age(Integration educational areas Keywords: knowledge, artistic creation, communication.

Prepared and conducted by the teacher Taibova Victoria Esedulakhovna

Target: clarify and systematize knowledge about plants; consolidate knowledge children about parts of plants and their purpose: root, stem, leaves, flowers, seeds. To fix the techniques of work with a brush and paints.

Cultivate a caring attitude plants.

Lesson progress

Hello guys.

Listen carefully to the melody and say where we are going today. The cassette turns on ( "Sounds of Wildlife").

How did you guess? (On nature).

What are the two types of nature? (Living and inanimate nature).

What is inanimate nature? (Sun, stars, air, water, stones).

What about wildlife? (Plants, mushrooms, animals, humans).

How do we distinguish living from non-living? (Nutrition, reproduction, movement, respiration, die).

Are living and non-living things related? (Without heat and light, without air and water, living beings could not live).

-Where is it easier to breathe: in the city or in the forest? Why? (In the forest. Since plants release oxygen) .

And today's lesson we will devote plants.

I have prepared a video for you, in which you will see a great variety of plant species. Let's see now.

Guys, what do they all have in common? plants(stem, leaf, flower, root).

General structure. And what miscellaneous(Coloring, leaf shape.)

Well done!

What do you have plants and why they need it.

Root - the root breathes, the root holds plant in the ground how the pump draws moisture and nutrients from the soil

Stem - breathes, conducts water from the root to other organs, holds plant(mechanical support)

Leaf - captures light, evaporates moisture, breathes.

Plants they cook their own food, unlike animals, and this kitchen is in the leaves. A leaf in the light captures carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

A flower - breathes, a fruit appears from it, which stores seeds for reproduction.

Didactic game:

"Magic Flower"

Children are given cards with models of one or another plants or a flower and details of this plant or flower. Children should collect the model given to him from the details. Children should be told that this game is limited in time.

And now we turn into plants and we will grow to the music.

"We plants»

1. we are small seeds sown in the ground

2. the rain passed and we felt good

3. little by little we growing up

4. the stalk is already large

5. the breeze blows

6. and the leaves are swaying

To music and words, children imitate growth plants.

Well, now we will try to consolidate the knowledge gained on a sheet of paper with the help of paints.

Let's divide a sheet of paper into two parts by drawing the border of the earth and sky.

Since any the plant has roots, then it's probably better to start our drawing from the root, which will be located on the side of the ground. root color plants can be as gray, black, brown.

Then we will draw a stalk, which will be grow from the root. We will place the leaves on the stem. The color of the stem and leaves can have different shades of green. If our the plant is a flower, then you need to finish the flower petals.

Conifers (gymnosperms) Although the total number of species of conifers is relatively small, they play a very important ecological role. Coniferous dominant plants in vast areas of land. Many coniferous plants secrete a resin designed to protect the tree from insects and fungi. Resin of fossil trees amber. amber

The use of amber in the ancient world Since time immemorial, people have endowed millions of years old fossil resin with miraculous properties. A small piece of amber jewelry was often more expensive than a young slave in the slave market, because the delivery of amber to Rome along the Amber Route was fraught with great difficulties. Medicines and jewelry made from fossilized resin were recommended for a variety of diseases. Even the Roman scientist Pliny the Elder (2379 AD) was convinced that amber amulets protect against male diseases and mental disorders.

Pea cypress - Chamaecyparis picifera. Of the cypress varieties, only this species can be fearlessly purchased for a garden near Moscow, and even then it is worth choosing a protected quiet place in the garden for it. These are slow growing shrubs with elegant green, blue or yellow needles.

Microbiota - Microbiota decussata, a wonderful, unfortunately, little-known ground cover coniferous plant for shade and partial shade 0.5 m high, spreads, by 10 years it will take 1.5-2 m. The needles in summer are very beautiful, dark green, in spring and autumn - reddish-brown. It is not exacting neither to moisture, nor to the soil, does not break with snow. Bad transplant.

Ferns In a dark, shady corner of the forest you can find a large herbaceous plant with dark green oblong leaves and a thick rhizome covered with numerous dry scales. This fern is a very common perennial plant.

Ferns Many probably know about the ancient holiday of Ivan Kupala, or Ivan's day. There was a belief that on the night before Ivan's Day (June 24), the fern blooms only once a year, shining with a fiery flame and illuminating everything around. It was believed that the fern flower has a wonderful property to open treasures. Many tried to find a flowering fern, but no one succeeded because the fern does not bloom at all!

Algae Organisms that are grouped together as algae have a number of common features. In morphological terms, for algae, the most significant feature is the absence of multicellular organs - roots, leaves, stems, typical of higher plants. For most algae, water is a permanent habitat, but many of their species can live out of water. MARINE MACROPHYTES are the largest algae in the world. These multicellular organisms resemble green plants more than any other algae.

Moss habitats Mosses are found on all continents, including Antarctica, often in extreme habitat conditions. Mosses usually form dense clusters in shady areas, often in close proximity to water, although they can also be found in relatively open, dry areas. Among mosses there are species living in freshwater reservoirs. There are no marine life, although some species settle on the rocks in the surf. Moss in the drainpipe in winter.

Green mosses. They are found everywhere: they grow on the soil, tree trunks, rocks and roofs of houses, but are most widespread in damp forests, forming a continuous green carpet. One of the most famous and most common mosses is cuckoo flax, which forms dense tufts of erect, unbranched stems densely covered with narrow linear-lanceolate leaves.

Sphagnum A feature of sphagnum mosses is the continuous growth of the stem at the top and the death of the lower part. However, the complete decay of dead parts does not occur, since there is little oxygen in waterlogged soil. Peat is formed. Sphagnum is a common name for various (primarily in color) types of moss: “white moss”, “brown moss”, “red moss”, etc. Common to all mosses is that living on very wet soils, they accumulate in there is a lot of water in the leaves and in the surface layers of the stems.

The work of a primary school teacher Nazarova A.N.