Assembly of ventilated porcelain stoneware facades. The device of a ventilated facade, the advantages of using porcelain stoneware cladding. Prices for various types of porcelain tiles

To reliably protect the building from the effects of weather factors, a ventilated hinged facade made of porcelain stoneware is increasingly being used. With its help, the appearance of the building improves, heat saving increases, and good thermal regulation is ensured. The design is a complex system, the functionality and durability of which depends on the exact observance of the installation technology of the ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware.

The hinged facade of this type consists of a frame and cladding, the role of which is performed by porcelain stoneware. In rare cases, tiles made of natural stone, metal or plastic are placed instead. The frame is made of a metal profile attached to the wall, on which porcelain stoneware is hung. The structure is assembled using a guide profile, brackets, anchors, inserts and rivets, and when assembled it consists of the following elements:

• Metal profile frame.
• Thermal insulation material.
• Vapor barrier and ventilation gap.
• External cladding.

Preparatory work

Before starting work, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the plane on which the work will be carried out are checked with a plumb line or theodolite. This will let you know where short or long brackets are needed. Marks are made on the location of the cladding on the wall, taking into account the thickness of the seams, which will allow you to approximately calculate the consumption of tiles.

There is a zero mark for the building in order to navigate along it at the time of checking the horizontal seam on the facade cladding. The vertical axes are broken, equal to the size of the tile plus the thickness of the seam.

Subsystem

Installation of the structure begins with the installation of brackets. This is the most loaded part of the system, and the stability of the entire structure depends on the strength of its fit. It consists of a fixed part, which is attached to the wall through a gasket, and a movable part, where the vertical profile is mounted. The parts are fastened by bolting through an oblong hole in the movable part, which serves to adjust the length.

The second type of bracket is an angular movable one, it is assembled in the same way as a simple one and is attached to the outer corners. The choice of the length of these parts depends on the unevenness of the wall and the thickness of the insulation layer. If the length of the bracket is more than 1100 mm, use a reinforcing washer installed under the anchor. A thermal break plate must be placed under the bracket itself.

Almost always the walls of the building are uneven. But the installation of panels requires an aligned plane, for this:

1. Two brackets are nailed to the upper corners of the building and plumb lines are thrown.
2. A cord is pulled between the brackets to check the curvature of the wall, relative to this indicator, it is measured.
3. The brackets are aligned vertically with respect to the plumb line and along the length of the overhang with their simultaneous fastening to the wall. This results in an even vertical on one side of the wall. The same operation is repeated on the other side.
4. In the resulting plane, the remaining fasteners are mounted. The first row is fixed 50-60 cm above ground level, so that a basement is located in this place, which is recessed to a depth of 2.5 cm.
5. The distance between the brackets in the horizontal and vertical directions is projected and depends on the type of system.
6. For the lower plinth, brackets are additionally installed in a horizontal position.

Scheme of installation of the facade of porcelain stoneware

Thermal insulation installation technology

After attaching the brackets, proceed to the installation of insulation. For this:

1. Holes are cut under the brackets in the plate of insulating material through which the metal parts pass out. After placing the insulation, the cracks are sealed with pieces of material that is used for insulation.
2. Placing heat-insulating plates on the wall and fixing them with special fasteners with wide caps. The joint between the plates must be filled.

If the insulation is required to be placed in two layers, it is unacceptable to combine the seams. At the corners, the plates are overlapped, completely closing the corner.

After installing the insulation, the facade is protected from the penetration of moisture and wind with a breathable vapor barrier film that does not let moisture in, but allows it to evaporate from the insulation. From above and from the side, it is bent between the insulation and the wall. Its fixation occurs with the help of insulation fasteners with a consumption rate of 5 pcs / m². At the docking point, the lower layer overlaps by 10 cm under the upper one to prevent the ingress of flowing condensate. All overlaps are punched with insulation fasteners.

Installation of a vertical profile

Parts of the vertical profile is divided into 3 types:

• T-shaped, for joints of plates;
• L-shaped, for the middle of the plate;
• Corner profile, placed on the openings of windows and doors, and the corners of the building.

Before starting installation, pay attention to the junction of the vertical profile. It must not be allowed to dock on the bracket. This is done between the brackets by the mounting rail. Fix the connection necessarily on all rivets.

Porcelain tile fixing

Fastening of ceramic plates is carried out on clamps, which are of four types:

• Single clamp side;
• Double clamp side;
• Double-clamp upper and lower;
• Four clamp.

A sealing gasket is inserted between the tile and the clamp. If you put it without it, there will be no rigidity of the fastening. The procedure for fixing tiles is as follows:

1. According to the previously applied mark relative to "zero", the first clamp is set, and connected with a riveting through a drilled hole.
2. A tile is placed on it, and the next one is attached to it. All other tiles are installed according to this principle.
3. Installation of slopes and ebbs, which are brought under the tile. Fire extinguishers are required.

A ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is a reliable, practical and durable type of outdoor coating. At the same time, its installation is complicated, which will not allow a person without experience to do all the operations without qualified outside help. High-quality work is impossible without a phased implementation of the entire installation process in full accordance with the design documents by experienced specialists.

Installation of a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware: subsystems, thermal insulation and fastening of porcelain stoneware

Details about the installation of a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware. Fastening technology and the principle of operation of the system.

How to properly mount a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware slabs

In many modern countries, a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is popular - a system complex of mechanical cladding, consisting of many components. It was designed to combine the aesthetics and high thermal performance of the exterior facade together.

In fact, this is a cladding fixed with crossbars and racks made of galvanized rolled metal or aluminum alloy. There is an air layer between the surface of the building and the cladding. Often it is filled with insulation - thermal insulation material. The advantage of such a system is that the insulation does not come into contact with the external environment, which is why the entire building has high energy saving rates. In this article we will consider the technology of its installation.

Components of the ventilation facade

The complexity of the system lies in the multi-layer lining for the ventilated facade, for each layer there is an instruction for proper installation. Ventilated porcelain stoneware facades and their installation technology include the installation of the following components:

1. Leveling layer.
2. Heat-insulating layer - is created by attaching panels of foamed plastic, mineral and vegetable fibers to the wall.
3. An air layer 5–7 cm thick is designed to ensure that the hinged ventilated facade is provided with air circulation inside (ventilation).
4. Porcelain stoneware fixing system - fastened to the wall with dowels, metal structure. If you need to attach porcelain stoneware, then it will include vertical and horizontal profiles.
5. Fastening device - open (clamps, which, after installation on the structure, partially peek out of it) or closed - steel inserts fastened at the intersection of the crossbars with racks - fastening system.
6. External cladding.
7. Joint system.

Advantages of porcelain stoneware

Let us consider in more detail the advantages of porcelain stoneware. When choosing a suitable material for cladding, attention is drawn to the fact that it should protect the building from the negative effects of the external environment, let's not forget such a detail as its appearance after the work has been done. Porcelain stoneware just has the following properties:

• aesthetic appeal;
• fire resistance;
• fire resistance;
• ease of maintenance;
• weather resistance;
• low water absorption;
• bending resistance, increased strength;
• low thermal conductivity;
• simple replacement of individual parts.

Thanks to them, a hinged facade made of porcelain stoneware is more optimal than a facade made of other building materials.

Installation of a porcelain stoneware facade

In general, the installation of such facades is not an easy task, and the installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade should be carried out by specialists. The correct technology for installing a porcelain stoneware facade has six stages. They must be passed in a clear sequence, follow the recommendations of experts.

First stage: preparation

You need to understand that a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware slabs is a complex system complex, so the engineers took care of compiling a list of preparatory work, the procedure for which is fixed by law in the regulatory requirements "Organization of construction production".

First of all, you need to think about the safety of life, the health of people passing by the building and their workers. For this:

• the marking of the boundaries of the risk zone is established at a distance of 3 meters from the building;
• all materials and the place of assembly of structures are placed only inside this zone;
• in difficult weather conditions, postpone installation;

“Remember! Strong winds and low temperatures mean you will have to install the porcelain stoneware façade later when the weather is nice.”

• adhere to SNiP III - 4-80 as closely as possible.

Such advice is more related to work with multi-storey structures, but when installing a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade in your home, it is also advisable to follow safety precautions so as not to harm yourself or the residents.

The second stage: determining the points for installing brackets

To mark the installation locations of the brackets, carefully study the technical documentation - it must be done strictly according to the project developed by the engineers. It is carried out in two stages:

1. Lines for beacons are defined:

Lower horizontal - their extreme points are determined by a level, marked with indelible paint. With the help of a laser level and a tape measure, intermediate points for the brackets are marked. Two extreme vertical ones along the facade - plumb lines are lowered from the parapet and vertical ones are drawn at the extreme points of the horizontal lines.

• The mounting points of the brackets are marked with indelible paint.

Third stage: installation

Instructions for mounting brackets:

1. Use a puncher and make holes in the wall.
2. Install the paronite gasket.
3. Using a dowel and a screwdriver, install the support brackets.

Fourth stage: thermal insulation and wind protection

At this stage of the installation of the porcelain stoneware ventilated facade system, the following work is performed:

1. The insulation plate is hung through the slots.
2. The panels of the wind and hydroprotective membrane are hung and temporarily fixed. “Remember! When installing ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware, observe an overlap of sheets of at least 100 mm.
3. Drill holes through it in the wall to install dish-shaped dowels;
4. Mount the plates on the starting profile or plinth;
5. Hang the plates from the bottom up horizontally in a checkerboard pattern, trimming them as needed; “Remember! You need to make sure that there are no gaps between the plates.
6. In the case of two-layer insulation, two or more dish-shaped dowels are fixed on the slab, and the plates are fixed in the same way as single-layer insulation.

Fifth stage: installation of guides

Installation of vertical guide profiles on adjusting brackets:

1. Profiles are installed on support and bearing brackets;
2. With the help of rivets, the profile is fixed to the bearing brackets;
3. Fire breakers are installed.

Sixth step: cladding

Installation of porcelain stoneware for ventilated facades is carried out in the following order:

1. Using an electric drill, holes for clasps are marked.
2. Sticking to the drawings, install the clasps. Use rivets to attach to frame. Use self-tapping screws for mounting.

At the same time, the installation of porcelain stoneware is done in one of the following ways:

• without a noticeable seam - porcelain stoneware is joined by a horizontal cut to the facade to two guides. In addition, it will reduce the load;
• with a noticeable seam - in comparison with the previous one, it is easier to perform.

In general, the installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade is not an easy job. But if you follow the installation order and do not deviate from the project developed by the engineers, the porcelain stoneware facade will reliably protect the building from heat loss and other possible external threats.

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facade: installation technology

How to properly mount a ventilated facade made of porcelain tiles? Advantages and disadvantages of porcelain stoneware ventilated facade.

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facade: installation technology

• For many decades, engineering and construction thought has been looking for the best way to protect the facade walls from the harmful effects of moisture. The result of a long search was the development of a ventilated façade technology with a porcelain stoneware finish. In general, this technology includes a whole cycle of works, the principles of which we will try to understand in our today's conversation.

  

  

  The technology of erecting ventilated facades is quite complex and does not tolerate arbitrary interpretations of certain principles underlying it. When erecting such a facade, one should strictly adhere to those rules and standards, the implementation of which is required according to the technology.

  Installation of a ventilated facade of a hinged type using a finish in the form of porcelain stoneware slabs

  Stage #1 - Preparatory

  

  For the construction of a ventilated facade, a number of preparatory work is required. Moreover, all work should be carried out in a certain order, which is recorded in the relevant requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service for the organization of any construction production.

  The preparatory phase should include the following steps:

  • it is necessary to mark the boundary of construction work at a distance of about three meters from the walls along the entire perimeter of the building;
  • on this site, all materials necessary for construction and finishing work should be placed;
  • here it is also necessary to equip a place for work related to the assembly and installation of the frame structure;
  • under adverse weather conditions, any construction and finishing work should be completely excluded.

  Read also about finishing the facade with putty in addition to this material.

  This range of preparatory measures is more relevant for facing multi-storey buildings. However, it is necessary to adhere to them when arranging the facade of a one-story private house - this approach will serve as a guarantee of safety for you and your household from any force majeure situations and surprises.

  Stage number 2 - Marking the walls for installing fasteners

  

  Before proceeding with the construction of the frame structure, it is necessary to carry out precise markings on the walls of the house in those places where the support and load-bearing mounting brackets will be mounted, on which the ventilated system itself will be fixed. At the same time, it is necessary to adhere to the developed design and technical documentation.

  Markup should be done in several stages:

  1. First, you should outline the lighthouse lines: a horizontal line along the bottom edge of the facade and 2 vertical lines along the edges of the wall.
  2. Using paint along the drawn lines, draw all the points in those places where the installation of support and load-bearing fasteners-brackets is supposed to be on the last vertical lines.

  

  Stage number 3 - Fixing fasteners-brackets on the walls of the house

  The brackets should be fixed in accordance with the installation instructions for the ventilated facade. First you need to drill holes in the wall - this should be done with a puncher. Then, paronite gaskets should be installed in the holes obtained. Installation of carrier-type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowels-anchors.

  Stage number 4. - Laying heat-insulating material and organizing protection from wind and moisture

  At this stage, the following manipulations should be performed:

  

  • the insulation is “hung” directly on the wall of the building through the slots for the bearing brackets;
  • a moisture-proof membrane film should be hung on the insulation layer and temporarily fixed. Adjacent strips of a moisture-proof film should be applied and overlapped, while overlapping the edge of one strip on the other should be at least 10 cm.
  • through the film and insulation, drill holes in the wall of the building for installing dowels-plates;
  • carry out the installation of heat-insulating material - this work should be started from the lowest row (starting profile or basement of the building) and move upwards;
  • laying of heat-insulating plates should be carried out end-to-end, without leaving through gaps and cracks;
  • if this becomes necessary, it is possible to trim the heat-insulating plates with a manual hacksaw with a fine tooth;

  If according to the project, it is required mount thermal insulation material in two layers, then you need to do it like this:

  • the bottom layer of insulation is attached to the wall with dowels-plates; at the same time, each layer of insulation must be fastened with at least two dowels;
  • the top layer of insulation should be mounted in a checkerboard pattern and also fastened with dowels-plates.

  Stage number 5 - Installing the guides

  At this stage, installation vertical profiles to bearing brackets. For this purpose, you need:

  

  • install and fix metal profiles in the corresponding grooves of the supporting fasteners-brackets;
  • using rivets, fasten the metal guides to the supporting fasteners-brackets.

  In those support brackets that have the ability to adjust, the profile is installed in a free order, without tightening. This ensures that the profile does not deform during sudden temperature changes.

  In those places where adjacent vertical guides are joined, a small gap should be made (7-10 mm). This is done for the same purpose - to avoid deformation of the guides as a result of seasonal fluctuations in temperature.

  

  In addition, at this stage it is desirable to fix cutoffs, which serve to prevent fire (for details about their installation, contact professionals).

  Stage 6 - Finishing the ventilated facade with porcelain tiles

  Finishing the ventilated facade with porcelain tiles should be carried out in strict accordance with the project documentation. You need to do this in several stages:

  • Using an electric drill, drill holes in a metal profile (holes are marked in accordance with the project documentation);
  • insert clamps into the drilled holes and securely fix them with self-tapping screws to the frame profile.

  Be sure to study the tips for installing a porcelain stoneware ventilation façade and get other answers to similar questions.

  Installation of porcelain tiles can be carried out in two ways - with a seam visible to the eye and without it ( We recommend that you study the article on the use of facade porcelain stoneware within this material.). The first option is much simpler in execution, the second is more complex, but the result will be more aesthetically attractive.

  The seamless installation method is as follows: the tile is fixed to two adjacent profiles using a horizontal cut. In this case, the load on the frame is significantly reduced.

  In conclusion, let's summarize

  The erection of a ventilated hinged facade on your own is a rather complicated process. However, if you approach the matter in strict accordance with the project documentation and follow all the recommendations step by step, you can achieve an ideal result without resorting to the help of professional builders-finishers.

  Properly executed facade decoration with porcelain stoneware will reliably protect your home from all adverse natural factors for many years to come! Good luck with your work!

  

  Installation technology of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade

  
  Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology For many decades, engineering and construction thought has been looking for the best way to protect the facade walls

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facade - installation technology and installation features

Ventilated facade - porcelain tile cladding installation technology

Ventilated facade - cladding installation technology

The emergence of a system of hinged ventilated facades is due to the fact that there is an urgent need to somehow remove and remove moisture from the outer walls of buildings.

The fact is that moisture has a negative effect even on fairly durable materials - under its influence, biological pests are formed, chemical oxidation reactions are activated, etc.

The installation of ventilated facades completely solves all such problems - the technology works due to the formation of an air layer between the facing material and the wall. Since such air has a different pressure than the air outside, a natural circulation occurs, which removes moisture by its action and prevents stagnation of gases.

Design and features of ventilated systems

Installation of hinged ventilated facades implies the consistent creation of a multi-layer structure, which we will consider below:

• The load-bearing walls of the building - all the upper layers will rest on them - this fact alone gives rise to the need to know in advance whether the facade will withstand the entire load. The survey will include identifying any deviations from verticals and horizontals, identifying the need for additional reinforcement, identifying the degree of wear of wall components, etc.

L-shaped bracket for installation of batten guides

Mounting clamp of open type for installation of porcelain stoneware

As thermal insulation, for private buildings, it is recommended to use mineral wool

Preparatory measures before the installation of the cladding

The installation technology of a ventilated facade involves the consistent installation of all of the above elements. However, before the main installation work, you need to carry out a number of preparatory work.

Since the profile for ventilated facades must be installed on a relatively flat surface, the first step is to level the surface of the walls.

To do this, the surface of the walls is cleaned of paint, peeling plaster, putty and other similar materials. Delaminations are cleaned in such a way that the installation of brackets does not lead to delamination of wall fragments.

The evenness of the facade subsystem is ensured by leveling the deviations from the level with the help of putty. So the entire structure installed on top will not warp. In addition, the heat insulator will fit snugly against the wall, which is extremely important.

Before leveling, all traces of biological pests such as beetles, mold, fungi, etc. are removed. After that, the facade is treated with special antifungal and insecticidal impregnations.

Thus, when planning your expenses, you need to take into account not only the cost of the materials that will be placed on the facade, but also a variety of related materials for preparation, be it putty or various impregnations.

Further, the installation of ventilated facades involves marking for future brackets. To do this, you can use the building level, but many professionals recommend using a plumb line - the vertical is determined more accurately with its help.

Having sketched the vertical lines, taking into account the size of the facade panels, we apply horizontal markings. This concludes the preparatory activities.

Fasteners and insulation

For the arrangement of the crate and the installation of porcelain stoneware, the following elements may be needed

Installation of brackets for facades in accordance with the markup is carried out as follows:

• Holes are drilled with a perforator;
• A plastic or paronite gasket is placed under each bracket;
• After the bracket is installed in the right place, it is fixed with an anchor (the screw is pressed with a screwdriver);

Installation of insulation is carried out on top of the brackets

The insulation of the ventilated facade is mounted next to the brackets:

• Heat insulator plates are hung on the wall, for which slots for brackets are used;
• Each insulation plate is attached to two dish-shaped dowels;
• A special film is hung over the insulation, which has waterproof and windproof properties (each next strip should overlap, closing the previous one by 10 cm);
• Right through this film, the insulation is attached at the rate of three more dowels for each plate.

Features of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding

General scheme for the arrangement of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding

The device of the porcelain stoneware facade assumes some of its own features, due to the mass of the facing material.

So, in this case, it is desirable to use an aluminum subsystem for facades. If the material requirements are not so strict (unless it must be corrosion-resistant metal), then the method of installing the frame should include both the construction of vertical racks and the installation of horizontal crossbars.

Vertical elements are mounted on brackets, horizontal - on special racks.

Otherwise, the installation of a porcelain stoneware facade is practically no different from the installation of any other hinged facade. The only point concerns the fact that fasteners for heavy ventilated structures can be installed more often, and the frame pitch can also be made narrower.

Such a measure saves curtain panels from harsh climatic conditions, be it strong winds or even an unfavorable environment in terms of seismic activity.

Technology of installation and installation of cladding

Having completed all the preparatory work for cleaning and leveling the surface, you can proceed with the installation of a ventilated facade - we will consider the further installation technology in more detail.

Facade mounting technology involves the installation of guides.

Installation of the crate is carried out in strict sequence

So, fastening vertical profiles includes the following steps:

1. Fastening profiles to load-bearing elements using rivets. It is not necessary to put rivets on the regulating brackets - this is done to compensate for micro-movements resulting from the action of temperatures;
2. To compensate for temperature deformations, one more detail is made: gaps from 0.8 to 1 cm are left at the vertical joints of the profiles.
3. Fire breakers are being installed.

Now everything is ready to install the cladding itself directly. Please note that the complete installation process of facades is described in the instructions - some points differ from material to material.

In any case, long panels or rectangular slabs will be attached to the frame with self-tapping screws or cleats.

Installation of porcelain stoneware on pre-mounted clamps

We describe the process for the installation of porcelain stoneware cladding:

1. Holes are being marked for the installation of clamps.
2. In accordance with the markup, holes are made with an electric drill. The diameter is chosen so as to be 0.2 mm larger than the rivet diameter.
3. Clamps are installed, which are then fixed with rivets. At the same stage, porcelain stoneware itself is placed. Self-tapping screws are used to fasten the tiles to the frame.

If you want to know in more detail how the installation of ventilated facades is done, it shows all the incomprehensible moments. It should be noted that self-installation should be carried out only after a thorough study of the installation technology of the purchased cladding.

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facade - installation technology and installation features - Easy business

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facade - installation technology and installation features Ventilated facade - installation technology of porcelain stoneware cladding Ventilated facade - technology

A ventilated porcelain stoneware facade for wall cladding is a great way to transform the look of a building. One of the most common ceramic products is porcelain stoneware. As a finishing material, it began to be used relatively recently, since the 1970s. At first it was used for finishing the walls of technical premises, and then for facing residential and public buildings.

Over the past decades, it has gained great popularity due to its durability and practicality. Today, porcelain stoneware cladding is widely used for both public buildings, offices, shopping centers, and residential buildings.

Types of porcelain stoneware

According to the degree of hardness, ceramic granite is second only to diamond, which is why it has high strength and wear resistance. The manufacturing technology of this material involves mixing several types of clay, quartz sand, feldspar, mineral additives and dyes.

The composition of porcelain stoneware is almost the same as that of ceramic tiles for the facade, but sand is not used in the production of the latter. Plates are pressed under high pressure of more than 500 kg / 1 sq. cm, fired at a temperature of 1200-1300ºС. Under the influence of high temperature, a solid monolithic material is formed.
There are the following types of ceramic granite:

• matte - has a raw look, which is very similar to natural stone;
• polished - with a shiny surface, which is achieved by an even cut of the raw surface;
• semi-polished - polished and unfinished areas alternate on the surface of this type of porcelain stoneware.

Also, types of porcelain stoneware are classified by color and pattern on the slabs. Such a variety allows us to consider it not only one of the best types of finishing materials that ceramic facades offer.

Another parameter is the dimensions of the tiles, usually the most common size is 600mm * 600mm * 10mm.

Advantages and disadvantages of porcelain stoneware for facades

Cladding the facade with porcelain stoneware gives the whole building a modern and beautiful look, protects it from the effects of weather conditions, and also solves a number of technical problems. Porcelain stoneware as a material for building decoration has several important advantages:

• provides protection of the facade walls from destructive processes due to the fact that it resists temperature extremes, moisture, etc. subject to quality installation;
• due to its durability and high strength, such a finish significantly reduces the cost of operating the building, since it does not need frequent repairs;
• transforms the appearance of the entire building due to a wide choice of materials, colors, the ability to combine colors, textures and material sizes, etc.;
• an additional thermal insulation system is created that retains heat indoors in winter and repels it from the walls in summer, so buildings lined with porcelain stoneware are warm in winter and cool in summer.

The best quality of thermal insulation can be achieved by creating a hinged ventilated facade;

• installation can be carried out at any time of the year;
• has high fire resistance;
• do not fade or deform, wear-resistant;
• this finish refers to environmentally friendly materials.

Along with the advantages, porcelain stoneware for the facade also has disadvantages, which include the relatively high cost of the material, the complexity of transportation and installation due to the large weight. However, these shortcomings are more than offset by the advantages of the material, because even the high cost of purchasing it will pay for itself very quickly.

Facade cladding options with porcelain stoneware

Porcelain stoneware is installed in two ways. The first is to fix the plates on the glue. When applying the second method, a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade is created.

The technology of attaching porcelain tiles using adhesives to the external walls of the building is similar to that used in interior decoration. It is necessary to seriously approach the choice of glue, because it must be resistant to the peculiarities of climatic conditions, temperatures - both high and low, as well as moisture. This method is most often used as a basement finish. At the same time, high demands are placed on the quality of the surface of the walls - they must be dry, even.

The ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is used for facing the external walls of the building. It performs not only decorative and protective functions, but also provides additional insulation. The device of the ventilated facade includes the use of a special system of holders.

First, the brackets are attached, and then the insulation and windproof membrane are installed. The latter is not an obligatory element only if laminated mineral wool boards are used as a heater. The ventilation facade technology provides for the need to leave a gap of 40-60 mm between the insulation and porcelain stoneware, which is required for the circulation of air flows.

It's important to know

When installing a system using porcelain stoneware as a cladding, many installers prefer to use galvanized, horizontal-vertical systems, since it is easier to set tiles using such a system.

The design of the ventilation facade consists of a frame, which is attached to the surface of the walls. For office buildings and multi-storey buildings, metal profiles are used as a frame, but for wooden houses, a crate made of timber is often used. Porcelain stoneware slabs are attached to the frame to previously installed brackets using clamps in two ways: visible (open), in which the clamps protrude beyond the edges of porcelain stoneware slabs, and hidden - the system of fasteners is not visible behind the slabs.

The installation of a ventilation facade is not difficult, so you can install it yourself. However, the design will be stronger if its creation takes place under the supervision of a specialist.

Finishing with porcelain stoneware will give the facade of the building a modern architectural look, will visually increase its size. Despite the high cost of the material (600-1200r per m2.), significant costs for its installation, ceramic granite at the same time can significantly reduce the cost of building maintenance, since it provides high heat and noise insulation and is one of the most durable finishing materials, as well as due to the insulation of the facade, there is savings on space heating, that is such a facade is energy-saving .

In addition, the finishing of facades made of porcelain stoneware slabs has high wear-resistant and anti-vandal properties.

Modern facades can amaze with their uniqueness, unusual performance and, of course, breathtaking cost.

But none of the possible facades is worth anything without a well-designed ventilation system that will help you feel comfortable in the room and keep all the finishing materials in a usable condition for a long period of time.

Facades made of porcelain stoneware

To understand the assembly process, you must first study the structure of the porcelain stoneware facade, and only after that proceed with the selection of the most suitable insulation and, of course, the installation process itself.

Of course, it cannot be said that the construction of a ventilated facade consists only of porcelain stoneware. It includes other materials, but due to the fact that they are located between the wall and the front layer, they are not threatened by the possibility of being exposed to moisture.

Porcelain stoneware facades are all-weather, so they can be installed even in winter;

• The panels do not need current repairs;
• They are resistant to aggressive environmental influences;
• Operation is very cheap, as it does not require additional costs.

It can be said that the efforts of engineers and builders who for many years have been looking for effective ways to protect the walls of buildings from moisture were crowned with success as soon as this method of fastening was invented.

Structure and main elements

The structure of a ventilated facade is a rather complex structure, the installation of which must take place in strict accordance with all the rules and technological standards. It is precisely because of how well the facade is installed that the period of use of the building itself will depend, since a reliable and properly installed facade will be able to protect the surface from wear and damage for many years.

The structure of the facade consists of such basic elements as:

• insulating layer.
• Heaters.
• Frame.
• Sending structural elements.
• Facing material, in our case, these are porcelain stoneware slabs.

We select a heater

To choose a really high-quality and most suitable insulating material, it is necessary to take into account such basic factors as its thickness and resistance to a humid environment. These criteria are due to the fact that moisture will constantly accumulate in granite, and the insulation must completely resist it in order to maintain its thermal insulation properties.

The minimum thickness with maximum efficiency is important due to the fact that porcelain stoneware is very heavy and should be located as close as possible to the building itself, because the thinner the insulation, the denser the porcelain stoneware facade will be installed.

What to look for when choosing panels

To answer this question, you need to start with the most elementary characteristic - the size of the tile. It should be a multiple of the area of ​​the facade of the building, and the seams between the individual elements should also be taken into account, taking into account temperature fluctuations. The choice of auxiliary parts is also carried out, keeping this parameter in mind.

The size of the tile is also important from an aesthetic point of view. Having decided to use porcelain stoneware of small sizes for facing the building, otherwise it will look like a leaf from a notebook in a box. Therefore, experts recommend choosing products with a size of at least 600 × 600 mm.

It is worth remembering that there are differences in calibers. So porcelain stoneware 600 × 600 mm can have real dimensions from 592 to 605 mm. But if, nevertheless, any deviations occur during installation, then you need to have a certain margin to compensate for them.

We must not forget about the details for fixing the tiles. By choosing the right way to install it, you can save money, for example, by installing a porcelain stoneware facade just above the plinth.

Mounting types

There are two types of fastening of such structures:

The first one will cost more, so it is performed at a lower level, and the rest of the area is open. This reduces the overall installation cost.

The material of fasteners is selected taking into account resistance to aggressive environmental influences. Usually stainless steel or aluminum is used, as they are less susceptible to corrosion. Insulation is an integral part of a ventilated façade. In its quality, materials designed for use in outdoor conditions should be used.

Ventilated facade installation technology

To carry out the installation, it is necessary to study in more detail each of the stages, which individually is a rather complicated technological process. You will need to install different components and at the same time maintain a clear sequence. The system of technological installation will allow you to get a very high-quality, attractive and durable end result.

The facade system and accessories are installed following the following steps:

• Preparatory stage.
• Marking the area and marking points for fastening.
• Installing fasteners.
• Fixing insulators and insulation.
• Installation of a guide structure or frame.
• Installation of facing panels.

Step 1: Surface preparation

The first stage of preparation for further installation is practically the most important, as it solves many problems in advance and contributes to a smoother, better and safer performance of all installation work.

Many of the actions that need to be done at this stage are prescribed in a special law that strictly monitors the correct organization of construction. So, first of all, you must worry about the safety of passers-by and residents of nearby buildings:

• Equipped with a restrictive structure, at a distance of at least three meters from the wall to be processed.
• Place the necessary materials along the perimeter, as well as provide builders with a platform for assembling the structure directly on the ground and close to the installation site.
• Introduce a restriction on installation in unsuitable weather conditions.
• Adhere to all rules and system of organization of safety at work.

All of the above nuances are by and large attributed to the decoration of the facades of multi-storey buildings, but when decorating your home in the private sector, you must also adhere to them.

For the arrangement of the facade lathing, you will need the following elements

Step 2: Marking out anchor points

The next step, which does not yet apply to installation, but is no longer preparatory, will be the marking of the attachment points of all supporting elements. All measurements and line markings should be carried out in strict accordance with the plan that was previously developed by the engineers.

The marking technology for components will take place according to the following stages:

• We define and designate the lines of beacons. You need to recapture both extreme vertical and horizontal lines.
• On the vertical extreme lines, we mark with paint the points where the support connections with the wall of the building will be mounted.

Designate the lines-beacons, which are formed in the form of a lower horizontal line and side vertical ones. Mark the intermediate marks on which the brackets will be installed.

Step 3: Mount the brackets

We have prepared for you a small instruction that will describe the technological process for mounting the bracket system, it consists of only three stages:

1. Using a puncher or any other drilling rig, we make holes in the wall.
2. We install the paronite gasket in the prepared holes.
3. We fix the brackets with anchor dowels using a powerful screwdriver.

Make holes in the walls using a perforator. Paronite gaskets must be inserted into the finished holes.

Step 4: Install the insulators and insulation

This stage should take place with special care, since the comfort of all rooms directly depends on it. To begin with, we install insulation plates, on which holes for the brackets are initially prepared. Then we roll over them and lightly fix the insulators. We drill holes through the insulation and insulation, into which we fix special dish-shaped holders.

It is worth noting that the insulation must be laid in a checkerboard pattern, so the risk that cracks form and the amount of cold passed through the joints will be significantly reduced. To cut most insulating material, the most common clerical knife is used.

Step 5: Installing the Guides

The installation of the guides is quite fast as you capture a large space at a time. You just need to attach the profile to the bracket, align it and secure it with fasteners or bolts. The profiles are not attached to the adjustable brackets as rigidly as possible, so they will have the opportunity to move in the process of subsidence and deformation of the building.

Insert the profiles into the corresponding recesses of the support brackets, secure them with rivets. Don't forget to make fire breaks.

In conclusion, it is necessary to fix special fire cut-offs, it is best to ask the firefighters themselves about them. By virtue of their specialty, they are more competent in this matter.

Step 6: Installing the facing plates

The installation process is quite simple, but requires a lot of different small manipulations. First of all, you need to mark the points on the profiles where the clamps will be installed. After that, according to the markup, a drill is required for their device.

The fasteners used for fastening this material - clamps, are installed using holes on the guide profiles.

As the kleimers are screwed in, porcelain stoneware slabs are also laid, which can be installed in two ways: with a seam between individual sections or in a seamless structure. Which one is better suited to you or the customer who decides to decorate his facade with such materials.

Ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware, step-by-step installation technology

Types of ventilated facades. Stages of installation work. Nuances in the installation of the structure.

Facade cladding technology with porcelain stoneware

The modern building materials market offers such a large number of options for finishing the facade that it is easy for an inexperienced person to get confused.

Before you recover for a purchase, you need to familiarize yourself with the possible options, and choose the right one at home. Today we will talk about porcelain stoneware, how good it is for facade cladding.

Production technology of porcelain stoneware for facade cladding

Although the material is manufactured in the factory, it is considered environmentally friendly. As a raw material choose:

• refractory clays;
• quartz sand;
• clay with a high content of kaolins;
• feldspar;
• mineral additives acting as a pigment.

As you can see, the substances are only natural, no synthetic components. In terms of composition, porcelain stoneware is classified as a ceramic finishing material.

The technical process begins with the selection of the necessary components and their grinding. Each substance is crushed separately and stored in special containers. Next, the components are mixed in dry form. The dry mixture is sent to dry to remove moisture.

After drying, proceed to the formation of tiles. The dried mixture with a moisture content of not more than 7% is poured into prepared molds and sent for pressing. This process takes place in 2 stages:

1. Removal of air bubbles under pressure of about 80kg/m2.
2. Tile forming – 400kg/m2 and more.

After the press, the molds are sent for additional drying, where moisture is completely removed. Further, the blanks are fired in long furnaces, they are divided into sections, and each has its own temperature regime:

• 4000 C - preheating;
• 9000 C - primary firing;
• 13000C - final firing. At this stage, the blanks are reduced by 5–10% and a finished tile is obtained.

After such high temperatures, it is impossible to get the material out of the oven, because the tile in the molds remains for some time in the last compartment of the oven, where it gradually cools.

It is important that during firing the molds are held for a certain amount of time at each temperature. If the substances do not undergo complete fusion, then the tile will lose strength. If overexposed, then the elements will change color - they will quickly fade.

Main types

Despite the fact that only natural substances are used in the manufacture, manufacturers produce many varieties of porcelain stoneware. Based on the method of finishing, there are:

• Matte plates - only go through the grinding process.

• Polished material is further polished, resulting in a glossy and smooth surface.

• A semi-polished finish is obtained by using coarser materials when polishing. The cost is slightly lower than the previous option.

• Satin slabs have an original pattern. To create it, a small amount of mineral salts is sprinkled on a dry mixture even before firing. After fusion, they get a beautiful ornament.

• The structured version is only matte. This is an imitation of natural materials. The process of creating such a tile is difficult, therefore the price is the most expensive.

In addition, you can choose the color of the products with which the walls will be lined. Manufacturers offer to choose from natural shades:

There are also radical black options.

Plates differ in size. There are small elements of 30x30 cm, and huge details - 120x180 cm. Professionals recommend choosing medium-sized tiles - from 40x40 to 80x80 cm, so as not to overload the facade in one place. Well, it's easier to install such parts.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

To make sure that the material is suitable not only in appearance, but also in terms of technical and operational characteristics, studying the advantages and disadvantages will help. Let's start with the advantages of plating:

• Fire and environmental safety. The material does not burn, and only natural substances are used for production.
• Stability at sharp and frequent variability of temperature conditions.
• Moisture repellent properties.
• Additional possibilities of noise and heat insulation.
• Ease of installation.
• Long service life. Some manufacturers indicate a figure of more than 50 years, but if you take into account all the subtleties of installation, then this value can be increased.
• Unpretentious care. The surface does not accumulate dust and dirt, therefore it is easily cleaned by atmospheric precipitation. Water from a hose will do.
• Inert to chemical and ultraviolet influence. The material does not react with cleaning agents if they are used. And for a long time retains its original appearance throughout the entire period of operation.

Of the shortcomings, only two can be distinguished, but for someone they will be decisive factors:

1. The large weight of individual elements of porcelain stoneware finishes and the entire structure as a whole. If the project of the house does not take into account the use of such cladding, then it is better to abandon this option. Otherwise, it is necessary to strengthen the foundation and load-bearing walls, and this will delay the cladding process and incur additional costs.
2. Great cost.

If these shortcomings do not scare, then porcelain stoneware decoration will decorate the house.

The technology of facing the facade of the building with porcelain stoneware

To perform finishing work on your own, you need to familiarize yourself with the methods of fixing the material and the main stages of the technological process. Porcelain stoneware can be fixed in two ways:

• Mechanical. Special clamps, rivets or self-tapping screws are used. Suitable for installation on a ventilated facade frame.
• For adhesive solution. Attaches directly to a pre-levelled building wall or stair tread.

You can combine wet and mechanical installation methods. As for the technology itself, you need to adhere to the following plan:

1. Foundation preparation. Cleaning dirt and stains, removing hinged elements, sealing cracks and holes for fasteners, if necessary, leveling with cement mortar. Be sure to treat the surface with soil. A concrete base without flaws does not need to be leveled.
2. If the installation method is chosen according to the principle of a ventilated facade, the frame is mounted.
3. Facing with ceramic granite tiles.

Mechanical fastening

This method of installing the facing material involves the use of clamps, rivets or self-tapping screws. He can be:

• Open - a through hole is made in the tile, and the fasteners will be visible. So that the fasteners do not undergo rapid corrosion, choose options that are galvanized or coated with a paint that matches the shade.

• Hidden - holes are made at the end of the element for cladding. Then the fastener will not be visible to others.

If the wet method of facing the facade of the building is chosen, you need to carefully examine the base. The surface should be perfectly flat, if there are potholes or protruding parts, plaster will help to eliminate them.

For facade work choose a special glue. It must withstand temperature changes and mechanical stress. In addition, it is worth making sure that it is able to withstand a large load. On the packaging, such information is indicated by the manufacturer.

You can also glue porcelain tiles on the porch of a private house. The technology is the same, only after the work is completed, the surface cannot be loaded for about 3 days, so that the glue can completely harden.

Combined method

For more reliable fixation, a combined fastener method is used. A small amount of glue is applied to the tile and applied to the frame, after the glue dries, proceed to mechanical fastening.

Fasteners can be hidden or left in plain sight. Here the owner decides for himself what is more preferable.

As indicated above, the cladding of a house with porcelain stoneware can be carried out according to the principle of a ventilated facade. For a weighty design, you need to select a reliable profile. A wooden beam may not withstand the load, so it is better to buy a metal profile. In addition, there are fewer lines of exploitation of wood than cladding.

The frame for the ventilated facade is equipped according to the standard plan:

1. Marking and installation of brackets.
2. Arrangement of waterproofing layers and laying insulation.
3. Fixing the guides, taking into account the dimensions of the tile. Be sure to check how exactly the profiles are installed.

Simply gluing the slabs to the cement mortar is not the most reliable option. The base is constantly subjected to mechanical stress and therefore parts can boil. If it is decided to veneer the plinth in a wet way, then you need to choose a suitable adhesive solution. The gluing process will be the same as wall and stair cladding.

But the combined method of fixation will be more reliable. The crate is installed only from metal profiles, and the fasteners are made hidden. Basement insulation will not be superfluous. It is only better to choose materials that are more resistant to high humidity.

Approximate prices for facade cladding with porcelain stoneware

As mentioned above, such a cladding will be expensive. Matte tiles cost from 320 rubles per square meter, polished tiles will cost from 1000 rubles / m2. Satin tiles can be bought at a price that starts from 1250 rubles per square meter.

In addition, you still need to spend money on a cool mixture or profiles and fasteners. Those who do not want to waste their time or do not lay hands on such work should also be paid for the work of a professional team. The cost of the work is almost the same as the materials.

Facing facades with porcelain stoneware: installation technology (photo, video)

How to properly clad a house or part of it (basement) with porcelain stoneware slabs? What are the advantages of porcelain stoneware cladding, its main characteristics.

Facade porcelain stoneware

Although the material has been on the construction market for several decades, it is still little known to some developers. In order to be able to consciously make a choice, you need to familiarize yourself with porcelain stoneware in more detail.

Installation of a ventilated facade

Manufacturing technology and main types

Artificial stone is made from powders by pressing under high pressure, followed by firing. Pressing pressure up to 500 kg/cm 2 , firing temperature up to +1300°C. The composition of the powder includes quartz sand, clay, kaolins, feldspars and mineral dyes. Other additives can be used to give the original appearance. At first, porcelain stoneware was used only as a technical tile, later it began to be used for the manufacture of floor coverings, sanitary equipment. Recently, porcelain stoneware tiles have been used to veneer the facades of various buildings and structures.

Porcelain stoneware slabs allow the implementation of complex architectural projects

One of the options for porcelain stoneware finishes

Unlike floor coverings, the thickness of porcelain stoneware slabs for the facade does not exceed ten millimeters. Otherwise, the large weight of structures has a negative impact on the foundation of buildings. In addition, the requirements for the load-bearing performance of facade walls are increasing, not all of them are suitable for sheathing with such material. There are no standard overall dimensions; manufacturers are guided by their own specifications. But for facades, it is not recommended to use too small or large tiles, the size should be at least 40 × 40 cm and not more than 80 × 80 cm.

Porcelain tile for facade

Porcelain stoneware tiles

Unfortunately, domestic companies (Kerabud, Estima and others) are not yet able to produce high-quality large-sized tiles for facade decoration. Professional builders strongly recommend purchasing goods from Spanish or Italian companies: Alfa Ceramiche, AO Ceramicas Aparici, etc. You should not deal with the Chinese, the surface of the facade will be uneven due to problems with the accuracy of the plates. The material belongs to the category of expensive ones, there is no need to throw away a lot of money and end up with crooked facades, albeit from fashionable porcelain stoneware.

Table of options for external surfaces

Features of porcelain tiles for facades

Companies produce mosaic, glazed and other types of porcelain tiles, but they are not used for facade decoration due to the very high cost. In order for the edges of the artificial stone to have ideal dimensions, they are cut with high-precision machines during manufacture. The higher the quality of the tile and the smaller the dimensional deviation, the easier it is to work with. But such material is not available to all consumers due to the high price.

Physical characteristics of porcelain stoneware

Facade ventilated porcelain stoneware with wood effect

Advantages of porcelain stoneware facade slabs

The relatively high cost of facing material is fully justified by its excellent performance.

1. The material is completely non-combustible and is recommended by fire organizations for creating barriers.

The material is absolutely non-flammable.

Original facade solutions

In all respects, porcelain stoneware for facade cladding is superior to traditional materials. The only problem is the price, but if you take into account the additional savings on surface maintenance and excellent design performance, then the high cost is justified.

Porcelain stoneware for the facade is currently the most durable solution for building cladding

White and black exterior, porcelain tile finish

Step-by-step instructions for the installation of facade porcelain tiles

Important. Installation of facade porcelain stoneware slabs is a very responsible job. If you don't have any experience, don't take it. Poor performance will lead to the loss of significant financial resources. In addition, a slab that has fallen from a height can cause serious injury. Strictly follow all the recommendations of the manufacturers, use only those fasteners that are designed for a specific weight.

Wall cladding with slabs (ventilated facade system) consists of several structural elements:

• carrier system. It includes mounting brackets, vertical and horizontal rails. They are made of thick galvanized steel sheet, special holes are provided for adjusting the spatial position. Must not only withstand the weight of porcelain stoneware slabs, but also the wind load;
• thermal insulation layer if one is planned to be installed. All modern buildings must be thermally insulated without fail, this is provided for by the current regulations. On old buildings, the decision on additional wall insulation is made by each owner individually;
• facing finishing plates. The dimensions and appearance of porcelain stoneware are selected taking into account the planned design of the facade walls.

To carry out the work, you will need an electric drill with a perforator, a device for installing rivets (if the supporting frame is assembled with their help), wrenches, a plumb line and a long accurate level. If there is a laser level - excellent, the markup will be done much faster and more accurately. If not, you will have to use the hydraulic level.

Fasteners for the installation of porcelain tiles

Before starting installation, clean near the wall, collect scaffolding, think over places for storing materials. Be sure to work together, and preferably three. The final number of people is determined by taking into account the size and weight of the plates. It is advisable to draw a wall on paper, indicate its dimensions and preliminarily think over a plan for placing brackets, taking into account the linear dimensions of the plates and the method of their fastening. Determine the places for fixing the brackets, calculate their number and linear meters of horizontal and vertical rails. Considering the weight, choose dowels or anchors, the heavier the plates, the stronger the hardware should be.

Scheme of assembly of substructure elements and porcelain stoneware slabs. Option 1

During preliminary planning, count the number of window openings and doors, determine the entry / exit points of utilities. They must be accessible for the prompt elimination of emergencies.

Any installation of a ventilation facade must first be correctly calculated

Step 1. Wall marking. It is necessary to immediately indicate the location of the brackets on the wall. Drawings for the placement of brackets are included in the documentation for ventilated facades. Based on them, determine the extreme control points.

Important. Brackets must be at least 10 cm from the corner of the building, window and door openings, otherwise there are risks of violating the strength of the frame.

Fasten the two uppermost brackets, lower a long plumb line from them and mark the lowest points. With a blue rope, beat off the vertical lines.

Mounting bracket to the building wall

Step 2 Taking into account the dimensions of the porcelain stoneware slabs and the manufacturer's instructions, beat off the remaining vertical lines at the recommended distance. For most cases of finishing facades with porcelain stoneware slabs, vertical distances between brackets are up to 1000 mm, horizontal up to 800 mm. When calculating the quantity for the entire wall, round the values ​​obtained taking into account the dimensions of the facade wall.

Step 3 Use a laser or hydro level to make horizontal marks at the corners of the wall, beat off parallel lines with a blue rope. After marking, a grid with the same cell sizes should appear on the wall of the house. Check them in all respects, everything is fine - start drilling holes. Keep in mind that support brackets must also be mounted around the perimeter of window and door openings.

Step 4 Use a perforator with a drill bit. The depth of the holes should be several centimeters greater than the length of the dowels or anchors. For porcelain tiles, it is recommended to use anchors, they can withstand significant forces. Dowels are not safe to work with.

Marking and drilling holes

Step 5 In the reach zone, immediately install the brackets, carefully check the strength of the fixation. To prevent the appearance of cold bridges, gaskets can be installed between the wall and the brackets. Use only paronite, they have greater strength and do not deform under prolonged stress. Plastic can bend, which has an extremely negative effect on the strength of the entire structure. The design of the brackets has special holes for adjusting their exact position.

L-shaped bracket for the installation of rails

Step 6 After all the brackets are fixed, proceed to the insulation of the walls. Building codes allow the use of only non-combustible materials, only those foams that do not support open fire are allowed. But it is better not to use it either, during combustion it releases deadly toxic substances. It only takes a few breaths to lose consciousness. The optimal solution is pressed mineral wool.

Schematic diagram of the installation of insulation

Schematic diagram of the installation of a two-layer insulation

Practical advice. For insulation, take sheets with a thickness of at least 10 cm, thinner ones give an insignificant effect, and labor costs are the same. But the final decision depends on the thermal conductivity of the wall.

Glass wool is attached with special dowels with large caps. Press the mats tightly against each other, install them in a checkerboard pattern, do not allow cracks to form. Any violations of the technology lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of heat saving. There must be at least five fixation points per mat of standard size. Remember that a gap between glass wool and a wall of 2-3 cm reduces the efficiency of heat saving by at least 60%. Air convection occurs in the gap due to the temperature difference, warm air goes outside, and the wall is cooled by incoming cold air.

Plate fixing sequence

Fixing the insulation with dowels

Important. Do not cut large holes at the location of the bearing brackets, do not create additional areas of heat loss. Estimate where the bracket will come out and only here cut the mat lengthwise or crosswise. How exactly to cut depends on the characteristics of the bracket.

Mineral wool should be reliably protected from water ingress. Cover it with a waterproof cloth, there is a huge selection of them on sale today. Do not use a plastic film, moisture will accumulate under it, and condensation will appear in winter. Mineral wool is moistened, with an increase in relative humidity, the heat saving values ​​\u200b\u200bare rapidly reduced.

Scheme of installation of a wind-protective membrane

This completes the first part of the installation of porcelain stoneware slabs, you can proceed to the second stage.

Step 1. Start installing vertical and horizontal profiles. This is a very crucial moment, if all the elements are not located strictly in the same plane, then great difficulties will arise during the fixation of the plates. How to install elements correctly?

1. Fasten the two extreme bearing profiles strictly according to the level, adjust their position in relation to the wall. Check the position again.
2. Pull the ropes between them and mount the remaining vertical elements along them. We have already mentioned that fixation can be done with rivets or bolts. Never buy elements that are fastened with self-tapping screws, they are made of thin steel and are not designed for heavy loads.
3. After the vertical rails are set, fix the horizontal rails to them. The more often you check their position, the less disappointment awaits during the installation of porcelain stoneware slabs.

Step 2 Mount the plates. They are fixed with metal clamps.

Porcelain tile fastening scheme

This is how the clamps for mounting porcelain tiles look like

Fastening of starting clamps

Fasten the two lower clamps, place the plate on them and fix the two upper ones. One kleimer has two ears, they must hold two adjacent plates. Due to this technology, their position is automatically adjusted, the faces will lie strictly on the same line.

Installation of porcelain stoneware slab

Installation of porcelain stoneware slabs

It is important to observe the gaps between the plates

The distance between the side edges of the plates is controlled visually, but some types of kleimers have special stops. It is faster and easier to work with them, and the appearance of the facade wall is improved.

Mounting unit for porcelain stoneware in the guide

Porcelain tile attachment point on the inner corner of the facade

Feud attachment point on the outer corner of the building

Step 3 If there are outlets for pipes or electric cables on the wall, then technological holes should be made in these places in porcelain stoneware slabs.

On a properly installed frame, work is done quickly. Remember that the time lost for marking and mounting of load-bearing elements is always returned during installation.

Before choosing a specific installation method for porcelain stoneware slabs, consider the following factors:

• the size of the house;
• climatic features - temperature factor, prevailing wind direction, average annual precipitation;
• design look and personal budget possibilities.

The supporting elements of the frame must be made of one metal, otherwise currents will appear at the points of contact, accelerating corrosion. Never skimp on the strength of the brackets, always buy the most reliable ones. Porcelain stoneware has a lot of weight, you need to constantly remember this.

Work only in good weather, if there is a chance of rain - protect the structures from water ingress. Manufacturers claim that it is possible to mount structures at air temperatures up to -15 ° C, but we do not recommend listening to them. Not because the structures will not withstand, but because it is very difficult to work in such conditions. As a result, there may be a violation of technology, errors during marking or fixing frame elements. In addition, the snow that has fallen on mineral wool will surely melt someday. And an increase in the humidity of the insulation by only 5% increases the thermal conductivity by 50%. Mineral wool gets wet quickly, but dries for a long time. Especially if it is protected by facade membranes.

For porcelain stoneware slabs, be sure to install vertical and horizontal support profiles. The combined frame evenly redistributes the load on bending and torsion, compression and tension. The design becomes very reliable and durable. In the event of a violation of the fixation strength of the vertical profiles, the load is perceived by the horizontal ones and vice versa. The disadvantage of the combined system is the increase in cost. But you shouldn't skimp on security.

Window frame installation diagram

Node adjoining the facade to the window opening, lower

Node adjoining the facade to the window opening, side

Node adjoining the facade to the window opening, upper

Carefully make junctions and frames, close the side ends only with solid plates. Pay special attention to the plinth and junctions with the roof. Eliminate the possibility of moisture, but do not block the ventilation. According to the results of the inspection of defective facades, it was found that 55% of the problems were due to improper installation of porcelain stoneware slabs, 40% due to incorrect marking and 5% due to unprofessional selection of load-bearing elements.

Facade decoration - photo

It looks like a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade

Facade porcelain tile: installation technology step by step

Find out what facade porcelain tiles are. Types and features, performance characteristics. Step by step installation instructions. Photo + video.

It is difficult to come up with a material that could replace porcelain stoneware for the facade.

Porcelain tiles began to be used everywhere: from cladding the facades of private houses to cladding of elite shopping and entertainment complexes.

She is looks aesthetically pleasing, expensive and modern.

But the range of prices for different types of facade porcelain tiles will surprise you. Porcelain stoneware has changed, and now few people use its standard dimensions of 600 * 600mm.

Now its new colleague entered the market - thin wide-format porcelain stoneware. Or they use the usual one, but with dimensions of 1200 * 600mm or meter per meter.

Porcelain slabs for facades can be attached without visible products on the facade - this makes it an elite material, puts it on a par with natural granite.

The ventilated facade system made of thin porcelain stoneware has given a new round of fame and popularity in the facade market of the country to the material already familiar to us.

Porcelain stoneware slabs are hard, strong, but brittle. For the installation of a hinged ventilated facade, everyone strives to use materials that exceed the parameters of porcelain stoneware in terms of strength.

After all, the facade is not only on top, but the first floor and the entrance group are subjected to more severe exploitation. Often it is necessary to replace a broken facade slab.

Porcelain stoneware for curtain facades can be used in all climatic regions of Russia. Because it has 100 freeze/freeze cycles.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are many advantages, but there are also disadvantages to the porcelain stoneware facade. The benefits for each person are individual. For some, expensive is good, but for others it is bad.

The undoubted advantages of this ceramic tile include:

1. Increased abrasion resistance and durability. Thanks to a specially developed production technology, it is practically not subject to abrasion. Even significant physical efforts do not damage the surface layer and structure.
2. Not combustibility. It can be used in schools, kindergartens and hospitals.
3. It is possible to make slopes on ventilated facades from facade porcelain stoneware. At the same time, fire protection cuts will remain behind the facing on the slopes.
4. Aesthetics. It not only protects the task from the outside, but also serves as its decoration. A wide color palette, a variety of textures allow the implementation of any design idea.
5. Ease of installation - achieved by dimensional accuracy and a specially treated surface.
6. Simple care.
7. The relatively low price of porcelain stoneware for the facade compared to the use of other finishing building materials.

Types of facing porcelain stoneware

Facing porcelain stoneware differs not only in the size of the tiles, but, most importantly, in the thickness of the tiles.

The slab on the facade can be super thin - only three millimeters.

At the same time, thin porcelain stoneware is also wide-format, it can reach a length of three meters. Why does it not break - the point is the adhesive method of fastening.

We will analyze the features of each type of facade porcelain stoneware separately.

Standard facade porcelain tile 600*600mm

The standard facade includes porcelain stoneware of any size, but at least ten millimeters thick, as we have already decided earlier. This is the most common type.

It is perfect for facing buildings with ceramic garnet for various purposes: from schools to city administrations.

Size and dimensions

Porcelain stoneware with a standard thickness of 10 - 12 mm, can have dimensions of 600 * 600mm, 1200 * 600mm, 300 * 600mm.

And facade porcelain tiles can be both vertically and horizontally oriented on the building.

Colors and surfaces

Porcelain stoneware surfaces come in different textures:

1. Matte coating. In fact, these are plates without additional processing, so they are the cheapest.
2. Polished plates. These are polished slabs, but they still have some surface roughness.
3. Polished slabs. Such plates are first sanded and then polished.

Polished slabs reflect sunlight better than others, so they are best suited for facades in hot climates.

The color of creamogranite can be quite varied. Permissible colors are indicated in the manufacturers' catalogs. But, the richer and brighter the color, the more expensive it is. For example, blue and red are the most expensive shades of porcelain stoneware.

A pattern in the form of a stone or a tree can be applied to both polished and polished tiles. Such porcelain stoneware will cost more.

Styling options

The layout of porcelain stoneware may surprise you with options:

1. You can arrange rectangular porcelain tiles vertically.
2. You can combine different sizes of porcelain stoneware on the facade.
3. You can play with flowers.

A multi-planar porcelain stoneware facade is not recommended. It is difficult to install and looks angular at the transitions.

Mounting methods

A ventilated facade made of thin porcelain stoneware can be created in both visible and hidden ways. The ventilated facade schemes are described in more detail in. Here we briefly outline the essence of each technology.

The visible method of fastening involves the use of a clamp.

The clamp is a stainless steel element of the system that fastens the tiles at four corners. Klammer is painted in the color of porcelain stoneware. This option is considered suitable for inexpensive finishes with ventilated porcelain stoneware.

The hidden method of fixing porcelain stoneware is of two types:

• using the Keil concealed bolt;
• using a clamp with fastening in the end holes of porcelain stoneware.

Hidden fastening allows you to hide from the eyes of the mechanical fastening from the surface of the facade. Such a facade is considered elite. And it can compete in external properties with natural granite.

The hidden fastening method is shown in detail in the video, the only thing is that the cladding in the video is natural stone. But Porcelain tile is fastened to the ventilated facade in a hidden way using this technology, using the Keil bolt.

Main manufacturers

Porcelain stoneware is produced all over the world. In Russia, the following are considered popular:

• Italian tile Estima;
• Italian tile Kerama Marazzi;
• Russian porcelain tile "Ural granite";
• A cheaper version of Russian production - "Shakhtinsky"
• Chinese “Foshan Ceramics”, etc.

The brands of Chinese manufacturers are not well known, but they are also represented on the market.

An important parameter of a porcelain stoneware slab for a facade is its geometry. In inexpensive analogues of the plate, the geometry is often broken.

Price

“Salt / Pepper” - the cheapest porcelain stoneware

The cost is directly proportional to the popularity of brands. Italian manufacturers are more expensive than Russian ones. Russian ones are more expensive than Chinese ones.

Among other things, the price changes when choosing more juicy shades of the plate.

Blue and red are considered the most expensive colors.

From the degree of processing of porcelain stoneware, its price changes.

Polished is the most expensive, polished is cheaper, matte is the most cost-effective.

Cremogranite "salt / pepper" - interspersed, is the cheapest - from 450 rubles / m2.

The cost of elite porcelain stoneware can reach up to 2000 rubles / m2.

Slim large-format porcelain tile

So we come to the most interesting - the novelties of the facade market. Thin porcelain stoneware is called so because its thickness is much less than the standard one.

It . Applied in a visible and hidden way.

Characteristics

Thin porcelain stoneware is made using a similar technology to conventional porcelain stoneware. Clay, feldspar, dyes and stone chips are kneaded.

But unlike ordinary porcelain stoneware, thin is made by rolling.

Colors and surfaces

Each manufacturer has its own collections of colors and shades. Usually, there are catalogs with colors of different shades, called “monocolor”. Also colors for wood and stone. Design surfaces differ from the rest.

Surfaces, by analogy with ordinary porcelain stoneware, can be glossy, matte, rough.

Thickness

The opportunity to reduce the thickness of porcelain stoneware to such an extent appeared due to the technology of soldering a special building fabric on its reverse side.

The building canvas allows the thin porcelain stoneware slab to be flexible. That's why thin porcelain stoneware has a small radius, i.e. can be bent along the radius.

Mounting methods

Depending on the thickness, a special bar is selected for attaching it to the curtain wall structure. But in addition to the plank, the porcelain stoneware panel will also hold glue on the back.

Glue is applied to special elements, let's call them agraphs. Agraphs are a hook. Those. these are some hooks on the back of the cladding, which are hung on the horizontal profile of the system.

Adhesive fastening provides additional support, in addition to the plank, for thin porcelain tiles.

There is a hidden way of attaching a thin porcelain stoneware panel, without visible attachment to the surface of the facade. The hidden method involves assembling a cassette from aluminum profiles, then a thin porcelain stoneware is glued onto the assembled frame. The frame has hooks - ikli.

The method is very similar to . The cassette is hung on the carriage, fixed in the profile, with the help of ikli. Thus, no visible fastening remains on the outer surface.

Main manufacturers

Thin porcelain tiles for ventilated facades are produced by the same Italians. They love porcelain, apparently. This is, for example, the Graniti Fiandre brand.

In general, all brands of thin porcelain stoneware are represented in Russia by the Bars company. These are Graniti Fiandre, and Kerlit, and Laminam, and Archskin.

Price

When thin porcelain stoneware for ventilated facades first appeared on the market, its cost was in euros. In terms of rubles, the price tag was cosmic - from 10,000 rubles / m2.

But time goes by now porcelain stoneware can be bought at a price of 2500 rubles / m2.

After the heat-insulating layer is fixed, you can proceed to fixing the guides.

The guides are fixed with dowels.

Most often, the guides to the brackets are attached in a combined way simultaneously in the vertical and horizontal planes. This method of fastening evenly distributes all loads with respect to bending and compression of the facing material.

There are two methods of combined fastening:

1. First attach the vertical guides, and then the horizontal ones. The method is suitable for thick porcelain tiles, reduces the load on the fastening, allows the use of hidden fastening. The disadvantage of the method is that there are obstacles to the circulation of air vertically.
2. Vertical guides are attached to the horizontal ones. In this case, almost all the load falls on the vertical guides, there are no barriers to vertical circulation. The disadvantage of the method is that you need to use more metal, its cost is more expensive.

Wall marking work

Before proceeding with the construction of the frame structure on the wall, it is necessary to carry out an accurate marking in the places where the supporting and supporting mounting brackets will be mounted. A ventilated system will be fixed on them. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to the design and technical documentation.

For marking, first, lighthouse lines are outlined: along the edges of the wall, two vertical lines and one horizontal line along the lower edge of the facade. Then, along the drawn lines, paint all the points in the places of the intended installation of the bearing and supporting brackets-fasteners vertically on the last lines.

To calculate the extreme points on the lower horizontal line, you should use the level. Having drawn them with paint, intermediate ones are marked at the same distance from each other. To do this, use a measuring tape, water or laser level.

Forming strict vertical lines, you can use a plumb line. To do this, it is lowered from the parapet of the house and the horizontal is marked.

Porcelain tile for facade

Facing facade porcelain stoneware belongs to the group of artificial finishing materials. As raw materials for the production of porcelain stoneware tiles, clay, sand (quartz), feldspar are used. The use of natural dyes makes it possible to obtain slabs of different colors or stylized “under granite”.

The manufacturing technology of porcelain stoneware is similar to tiles, only the firing of tiles is carried out at a temperature of 1200 ° C, which gives it high strength characteristics. In terms of strength, porcelain stoneware is superior to natural stone.

Porcelain stoneware for the facade - technical specifications

Analysis of the parameters of facade porcelain stoneware

Characteristics	Value (parameters)	Note
Dimensions (length x width)	300x300, 600x300, 600x600, 1200x295 and 1200x600	The most optimal (popular) size of porcelain stoneware tiles for the facade is 600x600 mm.
Caliber	The actual size of porcelain stoneware tiles. Tolerance 0.5 mm.	There is the concept of "monocaliber". In this case, the tile undergoes additional calibration to give it the same size.
Thickness	Minimum - 5 mm Maximum - 12 mm
Moisture absorption	not > 3.5%
Bending strength	> 28 MPa
Frost resistance	> 25 cycles
Coating wear resistance	classes: PEI I, II, III, IV, V	Grade PEI minimum wear resistance. Classes IV, V are intended for finishing facades on a busy street
Specific gravity	2400 kg/m3	Allows you to calculate the weight of one tile
Texture	– unpolished	The result of the natural firing of clay. Distinctive characteristic: cheap
– polished	Processing on a diamond wheel. Defining property: smooth, sparkling surface.
– polished (matte)	Additional processing. The main quality: ease of care
- embossed	Transmission of the texture of the material (stone, wood) Parameter: anti-slip properties.
Manufacturers	Italy, Russia, China
Price	4000-1500 rub. per m2

Facade porcelain tile dimensions

Which facade porcelain tile is better to use

In order for the porcelain stoneware ventilation facade to effectively perform its functions, it is necessary to competently approach the choice of material, namely, pay attention to:

• multiplicity of tiles. To avoid unnecessary seams, it is necessary to design the facade cladding in such a way that only whole tiles are used. The calculation is made taking into account the thickness of the seam;

• tile size. The smaller the tile, the more seams there will be, the more it will “ripple” in the eyes (subjective opinion);

• caliber. The greater the difference in the size of the tile, the more difficult its installation will be and the lower the aesthetics of the cladding;

• color, texture, texture. It is important, both from the standpoint of the identity of the tiles among themselves, and in terms of compatibility with the rest of the elements of the facade;

• operational parameters (wear resistance, frost resistance);
• price.

Important. Porcelain tiles are purchased taking into account trimming, battle, etc.

When designing, the margin should be 7-10%.

The color palette of facade porcelain stoneware tiles

Subsystem

Installation of the structure begins with the installation of brackets. This is the most loaded part of the system, and the stability of the entire structure depends on the strength of its fit. It consists of a fixed part, which is attached to the wall through a gasket, and a movable part, where the vertical profile is mounted. The parts are fastened by bolting through an oblong hole in the movable part, which serves to adjust the length.

The second type of bracket is an angular movable one, it is assembled in the same way as a simple one and is attached to the outer corners. The choice of the length of these parts depends on the unevenness of the wall and the thickness of the insulation layer. If the length of the bracket is more than 1100 mm, use a reinforcing washer installed under the anchor. A thermal break plate must be placed under the bracket itself.

The length of the bracket is calculated so that there is an air gap of 50 mm between the slab and the vapor barrier.

Almost always the walls of the building are uneven. But the installation of panels requires an aligned plane, for this:

1. Two brackets are nailed to the upper corners of the building and plumb lines are thrown.
2. A cord is pulled between the brackets to check the curvature of the wall, relative to this indicator, it is measured.
3. The brackets are aligned vertically with respect to the plumb line and along the length of the overhang with their simultaneous fastening to the wall. This results in an even vertical on one side of the wall. The same operation is repeated on the other side.
4. In the resulting plane, the remaining fasteners are mounted. The first row is fixed 50-60 cm above ground level, so that a basement is located in this place, which is recessed to a depth of 2.5 cm.
5. The distance between the brackets in the horizontal and vertical directions is projected and depends on the type of system.
6. For the lower plinth, brackets are additionally installed in a horizontal position.

Scheme of installation of the facade of porcelain stoneware

Advantages of a ventilated facade

• Advantages of a ventilated facade
  • Aesthetic appearance
  • Reliability and strength
  • Fire resistance
• Preparatory stage
• Installation of a hinged facade

In a climatic zone with a sharp change in seasons, it is very important to provide adequate thermal insulation of the building. . In order to prevent heat leakage and reduce heating costs, until recently, the thickness of the walls was increased.

In order to prevent heat leakage and reduce heating costs, until recently, the thickness of the walls was increased.

With this decision, the volume of capital investments in construction increases significantly. Taking into account these and other circumstances, hinged facades made of porcelain stoneware began to be used in the construction of buildings.

Elementary calculations and real experience show that such solutions bring a multiplex effect. The cost of installing the facade system pays off in 5-7 years, and its service life is extended up to 30-50 years.

Aesthetic appearance

I design a hinged facade, you can choose a cladding from a wide range of cladding materials.

Natural finishes, metal panels, porcelain stoneware and other finishing materials, when used correctly, allow you to design an exclusive facade.

Reliability and strength

The installation of a hinged facade can be compared in cost with a “wet” wall finish.

But in terms of the quality of appearance and service life, hinged panels win with a significant advantage.

They are highly resistant to any weather conditions.

High-quality sound and heat insulation

The ventilated façade subsystem securely holds porcelain stoneware cladding panels. The subsystem also creates an air gap between them and the thermal insulation.

In this way, a "layered" structure of the building's skin is formed, the device of which will retain and retain heat inside and will not let in noise from the outside.

Fire resistance

The panels used for the installation of hinged facades have high fire resistance properties.

Porcelain stoneware and other materials from which these products are assembled belong to the category of non-combustible or hardly flammable.

In custody

When installing a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware, you can get a variety of ornaments. The traditional method involves laying slabs of the same color and size in a continuous array, highlighting the plinth or corners with panels of a different color. Shifting the rows horizontally gives the effect of brickwork. Sometimes it is diversified with colored inserts in random order. The combined use of facade elements of different sizes and shapes allows you to create complex compositions. Rectangular panels can be laid in a parquet pattern.

If you are thinking about how to clad a building, do not waste time going through numerous options. The use of ventilated facade technology with porcelain stoneware finishing will make any building not only beautiful, but also cozy and durable.

Fixing fasteners and laying thermal insulation

The brackets are fixed in accordance with the installation instructions for ventilated facades. Holes are drilled in the wall of the house with a perforator. Paronite gaskets are installed in them. The installation of carrier-type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowels-anchors.

The next step is the laying of heat-insulating material. To do this, you must perform the following manipulations:

• hang the insulation directly on the wall of the building through the slots for the supporting brackets;
• on the insulation layer, strengthen the membrane moisture-proof film and temporarily fix it. Adjacent film strips are applied and overlapped;
• holes for dowels-plates are drilled through the insulation and film in the wall of the building;
• mount the heat-insulating material starting from the bottom row (building basement or starting profile);
• heat-insulating plates are laid end-to-end, leaving no gaps and gaps;
• if necessary, you can cut the slabs using a hand saw with fine teeth.

If thermal insulation material is required, install in two layers, you need to do it like this:

• with the help of dowels-plates, the lower layer of insulation is attached to the wall. Each layer of insulation is fixed with two dowels;
• the top layer is mounted in a checkerboard pattern.

Types of porcelain stoneware

According to the degree of hardness, ceramic granite is second only to diamond, which is why it has high strength and wear resistance. The manufacturing technology of this material involves mixing several types of clay, quartz sand, feldspar, mineral additives and dyes.

The composition of porcelain stoneware is almost the same as that of ceramic tiles for the facade, but sand is not used in the production of the latter. Plates are pressed under high pressure of more than 500 kg / 1 sq. cm, fired at a temperature of 1200-1300ºС. Under the influence of high temperature, a solid monolithic material is formed.
There are the following types of ceramic granite:

• matte - has a raw look, which is very similar to natural stone;
• polished - with a shiny surface, which is achieved by an even cut of the raw surface;
• semi-polished - polished and unfinished areas alternate on the surface of this type of porcelain stoneware.

Also, types of porcelain stoneware are classified by color and pattern on the slabs. Such a variety allows us to consider it not only one of the best types of finishing materials that ceramic facades offer.

Another parameter is the dimensions of the tiles, usually the most common size is 600mm * 600mm * 10mm.

Correction of possible errors

In order for the operation of the facade to be pleasant and long-term, it is important to avoid common mistakes. . Installation of the subsystem at a negative temperature, which leads to weakening of fasteners, loss of strength by the subsystem.
Refusal of the compensation lining when installing the brackets causes their gradual weakening due to compression and tension of the material during temperature fluctuations.
When installing insulation in several layers, the coincidence of the seams of heat-insulating sheets, which can result in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the facade due to the formation of cold bridges.
Excessively close fixation of the clamps, due to which the porcelain stoneware fits too tightly into the fasteners

When heated, this causes an increase in the internal stress of the system and an increase in the size of the plate. It may even cause it to break.

• Installation of the subsystem at a negative temperature, which leads to weakening of fasteners, loss of strength by the subsystem.
• Refusal of the compensation lining when installing the brackets causes their gradual weakening due to compression and tension of the material during temperature fluctuations.
• When installing insulation in several layers, the coincidence of the seams of heat-insulating sheets, which can result in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the facade due to the formation of cold bridges.
• Excessively close fixation of the clamps, due to which the porcelain stoneware fits too tightly into the fasteners. When heated, this causes an increase in the internal stress of the system and an increase in the size of the plate. It may even cause it to break.

Advantages of porcelain stoneware facade slabs

The relatively high cost of facing material is fully justified by its excellent performance.

1. The material is completely non-combustible, recommended by fire organizations for creating barriers. The material is absolutely non-combustible
2. The minimum service life is 50 years. But subject to the recommendations of manufacturers, the period is much longer.
3. Excellent technological characteristics. It is easy to cut, it does not crack or chip. During the cladding of buildings, non-productive waste approaches zero.
4. The specific gravity is less than that of natural stone, while only a professional builder can distinguish the materials by the appearance of the front surfaces. Due to the low weight, the scope of use of the plates is expanding, they can be mounted not only on new buildings in which this type of finish is provided for by the project, but also during the overhaul of old ones. Of course, the residual load-bearing capacity of the walls must withstand the additional load. The same requirement applies to foundations.
5. Fast installation. Due to the use of special fastening structures, manufacturability and a small specific weight, the productivity of workers increases by at least 40% compared to finishing facades with natural stone.
6. A wide range of textures of external surfaces, a variety of colors. Architects and designers using this material can create facade walls in various styles. Original facade solutions
7. Ease of maintenance. Porcelain stoneware inhibits the reproduction of various microorganisms, mosses and lichens do not grow on it.
8. Chemical resistance. The material is not afraid of exposure to aggressive chemical compounds, urban smog. The surface does not absorb moisture - porcelain stoneware does not change its original properties after repeated freezing / freezing.
9. Environmental friendliness. Unlike plastic materials, porcelain stoneware does not release chemical compounds hazardous to the health of others into the air. It can be used without restrictions for both external and internal works. Ventilated facade properties

In all respects, porcelain stoneware for facade cladding is superior to traditional materials. The only problem is the price, but if you take into account the additional savings on surface maintenance and excellent design performance, then the high cost is justified.

Porcelain stoneware for the facade is currently the most durable solution for building cladding

White and black exterior, porcelain tile finish

Work related to installation instructions

preparatory processes. In fact, you can start installing the coating without preliminary work, namely, leveling the walls, removing roughness and other defects.

This is due to the fact that a crate is created, which forms a free space of 5-7 cm. This distance is enough to hide even the largest irregularities.

Project creation and markup

Next, the walls are marked according to the developed project, guide beacons and profiles are installed. Brackets are mounted, the vertical step should not be more than 80 cm, and horizontally - the sum of the width of the plate and the mounting seam.

thermal insulation

A very important process that allows you to significantly save money on heating your home. For these purposes, it is necessary to use insulating plates, which are attached to the wall with the help of special fasteners.

It should be noted here that the insulation must fit very tightly against the wall. Most often, the insulation layer is attached with dowels or screws with a wide cap. As for the distance between the insulation and the future coating, it should be about 50 mm.

Support profile fastening

To do this, you need to use a plumb line, while controlling the distance between them. Most often, self-tapping screws for metal with a special press washer are used to fasten the profile.

Cladding panels. To pre-installed profiles, the fastening of porcelain stoneware panels to the clamps begins. Here you can use other methods of fastening, which were described earlier.

This completes the installation work. For high-quality and, first of all, correct installation, you must follow a clear sequence of work. Otherwise, defects and defects in the finish may occur.

Design and features of ventilated systems

Installation of hinged ventilated facades implies the consistent creation of a multi-layer structure, which we will consider below:

L-shaped bracket for installation of batten guides

under the facing "pie" - provides fastening not only of the lining, but also of other important layers, such as, for example, insulation. The entire system is installed so that there is an air gap between the panels and the load-bearing walls. Typically, this "pie" includes the ingredients listed below;
brackets attached to the wall with dowels and anchors. The elimination of small gaps is ensured by installing special gaskets between the wall and fasteners. Such gaskets are made of plastic or paronite;
load-bearing profiles made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal. It is preferable to use metallic structures such as alloy steel, aluminum and similar corrosion resistant metals and alloys. According to the method of fastening, profiles are horizontal, vertical or combined. If the first two have some drawbacks, then the combination of methods leads to their elimination;

Mounting clamp of open type for installation of porcelain stoneware

special fasteners, such as sealing materials and additional elements included in the kit with facade panels, and playing the role of decorative inserts and bases for fixing the main cladding. For some types of cladding, it is mandatory to use metal structures with perforations that provide additional ventilation;
insulating materials - represent several layers, the main of which is a heat insulator. Optionally, and depending on the type of insulation, hydro and sound insulation can also be installed. The cladding panels themselves usually have all the insulating properties, however, additional layers are still installed in order to double the insulating performance;

vapor-permeable film - additionally protects the thermal insulation from moisture. Unlike waterproofing, it does not prevent the penetration of moisture, but simply prevents its occurrence. If moisture nevertheless appears, then such a film contributes to its rapid evaporation to the outside. Such a material can be applied to the heat insulator already at the factory, but such a product will cost more.

As thermal insulation, for private buildings, it is recommended to use mineral wool

facing panels or tiles - protect all of the above components from atmospheric and other external influences. It also plays a decorative role, often forming the main aesthetic appearance of the building.
a layer of air between the panels and the wall - we have already mentioned it, it provides moisture to the outside, and also provides additional thermal insulation.
Additional Information: .

Thermal insulation installation technology

After attaching the brackets, proceed to the installation of insulation. For this:

1. Holes are cut under the brackets in the plate of insulating material through which the metal parts pass out. After placing the insulation, the cracks are sealed with pieces of material that is used for insulation.
2. Placing heat-insulating plates on the wall and fixing them with special fasteners with wide caps. The joint between the plates must be filled.

If the insulation is required to be placed in two layers, it is unacceptable to combine the seams. At the corners, the plates are overlapped, completely closing the corner.

After installing the insulation, the facade is protected from the penetration of moisture and wind with a breathable vapor barrier film that does not let moisture in, but allows it to evaporate from the insulation. From above and from the side, it is bent between the insulation and the wall. Its fixation occurs with the help of insulation fasteners with a consumption rate of 5 pcs / m². At the docking point, the lower layer overlaps by 10 cm under the upper one to prevent the ingress of flowing condensate. All overlaps are punched with insulation fasteners.

Installation instructions for ceramic facade

Installation of porcelain stoneware facade includes several stages:

• preliminary markup;
• installation of the supporting structure;
• thermal insulation system;
• waterproofing system;
• anchor fastenings;
• facing with ceramic tiles.

measurements

Before starting the installation of a ventilated facade, it is necessary to make all the necessary measurements. In other words, a project is created that reflects all the drawings, necessary materials, etc. This stage is called preparatory. It also includes:

1. Marking the so-called "danger zone" border.
2. Placement on this border of the necessary materials, construction tools and everything else that is necessary for installation.
3. Weather Forecast - It is not recommended to build the façade during bad weather conditions, as this may adversely affect the quality of the work.
4. Compliance with all necessary requirements of SNIP (building codes and regulations).

Thus, the preparatory work should include even minor details, the occurrence of which is possible during installation.

Installation of fasteners

A very important stage is the installation of brackets, they must be mounted according to pre-made markings.

Using a puncher, you need to drill holes in the wall.

Then insert the paronite gasket into the drilled holes.

Drive anchor dowels into holes.

Using a screwdriver, install the bearing brackets.

The load-bearing structure is a mounted main profile, which is attached to the inner facade with brackets. The supporting structure must meet the following requirements during installation:

• reliability of mounting brackets;
• hiding the irregularities of the main facade;
• creating a space that isolates the cold;
• light weight;
• dimensions that withstand the facing material - porcelain stoneware.

The wind and waterproofing system involves the creation of a protective layer:

1. Through special slots in the brackets, you need to hang the insulation plate.
2. After you need to mount a moisture-repellent membrane and temporarily fix it.
3. Using a perforator, holes are drilled through the membrane, where plate-shaped dowels are then inserted.

Insulation and installation of profiles

Starting the installation of insulation from the bottom row. Plates are mounted in a checkerboard pattern to create greater sealing. We must not forget that there should not be any gaps between the plates.

If suddenly the plates do not fit into any groove, then you can cut them with a jigsaw. The system for laying thermal insulation tiles should not cause any particular difficulties.

If it is necessary to make a double layer of waterproofing, then it is necessary to first mount dish-shaped dowels to fasten the inner plates to the wall, and then install the outer plates. At this stage, the installation of thermal insulation is over.

The system for installing guide profiles includes several stages. Guide profiles must be inserted into the grooves of the bearing brackets. Then fasten them with rivets. In places of vertical joining of the main and vertical profile, a gap of 8 - 10 mm should be left. This will protect the structure from deformations and dynamic stresses. At the end of the work it is necessary to install fire cut-offs.

At the final stage, it is necessary to tile the vertical profile with tiles. The work consists of the following stages:

Mark holes for clamps in accordance with the design of the facade.

Install the clamps and secure them with rivets.

Using a visible seam, gradually veneer the entire structure, starting from the bottom of the profile.

This is an extremely complex process that requires close attention and clear consistent work in accordance with the plan.

What you need to know about laying porcelain stoneware

Laying porcelain stoneware on the wall is carried out in stages. Due to the fact that the material is characterized by a low degree of porosity, it does not absorb conventional ceramic tile adhesive. Really strong and reliable laying on the wall is possible only when using construction adhesive with plasticizers. When forming a wall finish, it is necessary that the adhesive has a thixotropic ability to eliminate the phenomenon of slipping of porcelain stoneware fragments.

There are two well-known methods for laying porcelain tiles on an adhesive composition:

1. ordinary, with seams provided to prevent the destruction of the coating due to the internal stress of the masonry and the linear expansion of the material when heated;
2. seamless, in which the maximum gap between the tiles does not exceed 1 mm. With this method of laying, rectified porcelain stoneware with ideal dimensions is used.

Wall cladding with porcelain stoneware is carried out in order to bring the premises up to standards and comply with sanitary and hygienic rules and requirements. Typically, this finishing method is used in the food industry or medical institutions. However, today this material is widely used in the design of the walls of buildings and structures of enterprises in other industries. It is mainly used matte or satin floor material and glossy wall tiles.

The material is placed on a perfectly flat base, free from dirt and dust. An even base is a requirement that ensures long-term operation of the coating in the future, without cracking due to unequal internal stress.

For grouting, an epoxy material is used, matched to the tone of the tile. It is the grout that acts as a buffer shock absorber, providing the cladding with the ability to expand when heated. The role of epoxy filler of tile joints is extremely important when arranging a porcelain stoneware coating on top of an underfloor heating system. When laying on a wall, compositions with average characteristics are usually used, since the surface is practically not subjected to mechanical stress and heats up only from the air temperature in the room. Unless we are talking about lining stoves or fireplaces. When finishing them, this material is most often used, as it is resistant to high temperatures and does not lose its properties even with very strong heating.

To figure out how to lay porcelain stoneware on the wall, let's go through the steps of the instruction "Wall cladding with porcelain stoneware".

Types of ceramic granite

Porcelain stoneware is second only to diamond in terms of hardness. It is wear resistant and high strength. For the manufacture of this material, quartz sand, several types of clay, feldspar, dyes and mineral additives are mixed.

There are several types of ceramic granite:

• polished - has a shiny surface. This effect is achieved with an even cut;
• matte - has a raw look and similarity to natural stone;
• semi-polished - characterized by alternating polished and unfinished areas.

In addition, porcelain stoneware differs in patterns on the plates and in color. Due to its diversity, this material is considered one of the best.

Main stages of work

Installation of hinged ventilated porcelain stoneware facades is carried out in several stages. We present a sample instruction of actions.

• Project creation. At this stage, drawings of the future cladding are drawn up. Examples can be found on the Internet, adapting them to the dimensions and features of a particular house. After drawing up the plan, the required number of plates, profiles for the crate, clamps and other fasteners becomes clear.
• Preparation for work. At this stage, the purchase and delivery of materials to the construction site is carried out. Since the country house is located on private territory, it is not necessary to enclose the place of future work with materials that comply with the standards and install a warning sign. However, for the sake of your own safety and to prevent accidental damage to materials, it is recommended that you somehow mark the place of work.
• Facade preparation. This stage of work, in turn, includes smaller processes: inspection of the facade, removal of protruding elements of the current cladding, strengthening of dilapidated areas, priming the surface.

It is important that the markup is carried out exactly with the design documentation. .
Installing brackets

Heater fixing. Basalt insulation in the form of slabs is usually used. It lies between the brackets and is fixed with foam-glue or dowels. It is necessary to start laying the heat-insulating sheets from below, it is recommended to put them on the base or starting profile.

• Installation of brackets. The quality of porcelain stoneware fastening depends on the accuracy and reliability of the brackets. Holes are made under the bracket on the facade, the diameter of which is 5 mm less than the diameter of the hardware. Before installing the brackets, a paronite (compensation) insert is laid between them and the wall.
• Heater fixing. Basalt insulation in the form of slabs is usually used. It lies between the brackets and is fixed with foam-glue or dowels. It is necessary to start laying the heat-insulating sheets from below, it is recommended to put them on the base or starting profile.

The latter prevents the insulation from slipping, and also protects it from rodents. Each subsequent row of insulating material is laid with an offset of ½ sheet.

• Membrane installation. Windproof film (or its improved version - diffusion membrane) is designed to protect heat-insulating sheets from air flows that penetrate into the space under the facade through the ventilation gaps. The film covers the entire facade and overlaps. After its installation on top of the film, punching through the insulation, dowels-umbrellas are installed. Thanks to this, it is possible to fasten the materials and ensure their reliable fixation.
• Profile mounting. It is produced in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for the type of assembly of the children's designer - first, the supporting elements are installed and fastened, then all the rest.

• Installation of porcelain stoneware. If the boards are glued to the profiles, the manufacturer's instructions, which are usually given on the packaging with the adhesive, must be followed. When fixing to clamps in accordance with the design documents, the location of the fasteners on the T-profile should be determined. Drill to make holes for fasteners, then attach the clamp with rivets. Now you can install a front plate on it.

When performing flush mounting, cuts are made at the ends of porcelain stoneware, at least 4. These holes are connected to fasteners. This technology allows you to hide the clamps, as well as evenly distribute the weight of the plate on the frame.

Ventilated facade technology

Let's start with a little theory.

Scheme of a ventilated facade

1. Bearing wall;
2. thermal insulation layer;
3. Wind protection. With it, the end surfaces must be protected from longitudinal air filtration (longitudinal air flows that cool the wall). But the main place of heat leakage can be a place where the insulation does not fit snugly against the wall. The wind will fall immediately under the insulation and cool the wall. Therefore, you need to carefully fasten each sheet of thermal insulation to the wall on dowels-umbrellas, and you need to do this on a flat wall. Mineral wool has an advantage over styrofoam here, it can bypass small protrusions on the wall, and fit more snugly. A gap of 0.5 cm under the insulation reduces the thermal protection of the wall by 60%.
4. Brackets for fastening the outer cladding;
5. Facing - protects the thermal insulation from climatic influences (rain, wind, snow and sunlight), and also creates the architectural appearance of the building. It can be facade porcelain tile, fiber cement panel, composite panel, metal cassettes made of galvanized steel or aluminum sheets. There must be a gap under the cladding for ventilation and removal of moisture from the wall.

With a small gap size, condensation may form on the inside of the cladding, and if the mineral wool becomes wet, it will lose its characteristics.

To understand how a ventilated facade works, imagine that the air temperature is -20 degrees outside, and +20 degrees inside the house. Due to the temperature difference, a heat flow is formed, which is directed from the heated point of the wall to the cold one (that is, towards the street). Passing through the wall, the heat flux heats the materials to varying degrees. The closer to the outer surface, the lower the temperature of the material. If the ventilated facade has been designed correctly, the temperature on the outer surface of the thermal insulation will be 1-3 degrees warmer than the air temperature outside.

Cold outdoor air, in contact with the surface of the insulation, heats up and rises. This creates a continuous air flow under the lining with a speed of 0.5 m/s. The influx of new air under the lining occurs due to the gaps between the porcelain stoneware and the bottom of the structure. Air escapes through the top slots.

The brackets are also involved in the heat exchange process. The more heat passes through them, the thicker the layer of thermal insulation is needed to compensate for these losses. In practice, from 10 to 50% of heat is lost through the brackets. This means that the thermal insulation layer must be increased by 10-50%.

In summer, on the contrary, at an air temperature of +10 degrees, the surface of the cladding can heat up to +40 in the sun. Due to the ventilated layer, the outer surface of the thermal insulation will have a temperature of about 14 degrees. Therefore, this technology will provide warmth in winter and coolness in summer.

For more information about the basics of thermophysics and the rules for installing thermal insulation, see the training video from Ursa:

When installing thermal insulation, great attention should be paid to the junction of the insulation to the window frame. If the junction of the window unit and the wall is covered with thermal insulation, the temperature on the inner surface of the frame and the slope will always be higher than the condensation temperature

If the joint remains open, condensation may form. This will be especially noticeable on plastic and aluminum windows.

Porcelain stoneware facade types of fasteners

In total, there are 2 types of porcelain stoneware fastening: visible and invisible. The difference, as you might guess from the name, is quite simple: with a visible fastening system, the elements of the fastening system protrude beyond the cladding.

In this case, the frame is made of metal and is a T-shaped profile, on which facing panels are attached using self-tapping screws. In addition, it is possible to mount on clamps, rivets or clips. After finishing work, the fasteners are painted in the color of porcelain stoneware.

However, invisible fasteners are most often used, as this allows the structure to be monolithic. There are various mounting methods:

1. Adhesive fastening - the boards are simply glued to the supporting profiles.
2. Hidden mechanical fastening - holes are pre-drilled in the plates for fastening to anchor dowels.
3. Mounting on profiles - cuts are made at the ends of the plates.
4. Pin fastening is a method in which pins are used instead of dowels.
5. Combined fastening is the strongest connection, the technology of which is both adhesive and mechanical. All boards are glued to profiles and fixed with mechanical fasteners.

Ventilated facade technology for installing cassettes from various materials

Composite panels of ventilated facades are made of various materials, including ceramic granite and aluminum.

The technology of installation of a ventilation facade based on ceramic granite is carried out in the following order:

1. Marking is made for the holes on the support profiles, where the clamps will be fixed in the future.
2. Holes are drilled along the edges of the ventilation facade cassettes using an electric drill. Their value should be 0.25 mm larger than the diameter of the rivet.

Ventilated hinged facade - installation technology, video: With the help of rivets, clamps are attached to the crate structure. At the same time, facade cassettes made of ceramic granite are being installed. They are fastened with self-tapping screws supplied with the ventilation façade.

The installation scheme of the aluminum ventilation facade is determined based on the type of panel fastening, which can be either with or without a lock.

Before fixing the panel, it is necessary to stick double-sided adhesive tape on the lock, which is designed to strengthen the fasteners.

Structural elements

Before starting the installation, it is desirable to find out exactly what elements the structure consists of.

1. Supports. Here we are talking about load-bearing walls, on which the ventilation facade is attached.
2. Brackets. They are fixed on the walls using anchors and dowels.
3. profiles. They are made of stainless materials that are not afraid of corrosion. Mostly, it is aluminum, steel or alloyed alloys.
4. Insulation. With their help, protection from temperature fluctuations, unnecessary noise and sounds is provided.
5. Fasteners. These include sealing tapes, corners, clamps.
6. Stoneware slabs.

Preliminary preparation

Before starting installation, it is required to perform certain organizational and preparatory work provided for by law. This will protect you, as well as neighbors and people passing by the work site.

You are required to:

• Mark danger zones. Their boundaries should be at least 3 meters from the wall of the building being renovated;
• Prepare materials, tools and equipment, find a suitable place for assembly activities. If you use mineral wool as a heater, lay pallets on the ground. This will allow the cotton wool not to absorb moisture from the ground;
• Provide yourself and other employees with the necessary personal protective equipment, prepare a first aid kit;
• When the air temperature is low or the wind is strong, installation cannot be carried out. Wait for the weather to normalize.

Installation steps

The installation process can be divided into several stages, the implementation of each of which is mandatory. Be sure to follow step by step, do not rush, do not skip the stage. It is also recommended to watch training videos, consult with experts, or take the help of a master who has experience in installing porcelain stoneware facades.

1. Training. We have already talked about the preparatory activities, so we move on.
2. Markup. You will need to mark the points where the brackets will be mounted. Make one horizontal beacon line at the bottom and two vertical lines on the sides. With the help of indelible paints marks are applied under the brackets.
3. Brackets. Make holes according to the markup, insert gaskets and mount brackets using anchor dowels.
4. Protective materials. Here we are talking about windproof, waterproofing and heat-insulating layers. The windshield is overlapped, and at least 10 centimeters. They are fixed on the surface with dish-shaped dowels.
5. Guides. Profiles should be mounted in the grooves of the bearing and supporting brackets. Then fasten to the support using rivets.
6. Facing. Fixation of porcelain stoneware slabs is carried out with clamps. It is necessary to mark and make holes in the guides, insert clamps and fix with rivets. In general, porcelain stoneware slabs are mounted in two ways - without a seam and with a visible seam. The seam method will require a T-profile that will protrude above the surface of the plates. The seamless method involves the preliminary preparation of the grooves on the end part of the porcelain tiles.

As you can see, this is a very effective, but rather complicated method of cladding exterior walls. The system is expensive, but fully justifies the money spent on it.

Do not forget that you do not need to carefully care for the facade, since dust and dirt do not accumulate on the surface. The past rain itself will wash away the formed pollution, well, or you can use a hose with water. Plus, the porcelain stoneware facade can be repaired with individual elements. That is, it is not necessary to remove the entire lining if one or more plates are damaged. It is enough to dismantle the "victim" and install a new plate in its place. Here, by the way, it will be useful to purchase material in advance with a small margin.

If you are interested in ventilated porcelain stoneware facades, video tutorials will help you understand all issues in more detail. Or call in a specialist right away.

Functioning technology of a ventilated facade

The technology of the ventilated facade device includes the creation of a special additional wall, which is placed at a short distance from the main wall. This technology is used to protect the main walls of the building from external factors, and due to the presence of a gap between the walls, they can calmly "breathe" without accumulating excess moisture, dampness, and preventing decay processes.

Sectional porcelain stoneware facade

The ventilated porcelain stoneware facade guarantees a long service life and reliable protection of your walls. Several materials are involved in the design, but porcelain stoneware performs the main protective functions.

Due to the unusual installation and approach to organizing the protection of walls from external influences, such a facade has its advantages:

• Installation of a ventilated facade can be carried out in any season at any weather and temperature.
• The device does not require maintenance and can last more than 50 years.
• Fully protected from the harmful external effects of weather conditions.
• Low cost and ease of use.

What are the advantages of porcelain stoneware itself:

• Attractive appearance. It has a wide range of colors and many design options. Such material provides a wide ground for the implementation of various ideas. Thanks to such a facade, any building becomes more attractive and respectable. Any person will appreciate such facing of your house.
• Maximum moisture protection. Thanks to the convenient ventilation system that you get after installation, an excellent system of protection against condensation and moisture penetration into the room is formed. Due to the air gap, at low temperatures, heat is retained in the room, which qualitatively increases the service life of the facade. A permanent ventilation system prevents fungus or mold from appearing.
• High level of facade insulation. When using ventilated porcelain stoneware facades, the entire building is insulated. The ventilated layer reduces heat loss, resulting in great savings on heating bills. In summer, this effect is completely opposite, due to good cladding, the walls do not heat up and create a pleasant coolness in the house. Good heat and sound insulation
• Excellent soundproofing. Due to the good thermal insulation of the facade, high-quality sound insulation also occurs. Dense air layer, does not let the noise coming from the street.
• Fire safety. All elements that make up the ventilated facade are classified as non-combustible substances. If a fire starts near the building, porcelain stoneware will not ignite and will not allow the fire to penetrate inside.
• Leveling effect. Using this option for facade cladding, you remove the need to level the walls, deal with cladding and spend money on additional preliminary stages of preparation.
• Easy mounting system. This type of finish can be produced at any time of the year, in any climatic conditions. But you can not use a wet facade, only various means of mechanization are suitable for this type, due to which the installation process is carried out quickly enough.
• Unpretentious in use and has a long service life. Porcelain stoneware is not affected by external factors and weather conditions, it does not react in any way to constant temperature changes, and does not fade in the sun, thereby maintaining an acceptable appearance for decades. It is a very durable material and does not require much maintenance during operation. The cost of such material is quite high, but it is offset by all the useful qualities and the absence of additional costs for repairs, installation, maintenance.

Accessories for installation of a ventilated facade

In the process you will need:

• brackets;
• slats;
• clamps (starting and main, selected in accordance with the plate fastening system);
• dowels (regular and plate);
• anchor;
• bolts;
• rivets;
• self-tapping screws.

Components are made from:

• galvanized steel;
• stainless steel;
• aluminum.

Important: All elements that are used in the installation must be made of the same type of metal. Otherwise, currents arise between them, due to which the parts are destroyed faster.

The dimensions of the components are selected depending on the project. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer, the weight of porcelain stoneware slabs and structural features are taken into account.

Standard brackets have the following dimensions:

• length from 50 to 400 mm;
• width - 50 mm;
• thickness - 1.2 mm.

Reinforced ones are also available:

• length is 90-350 mm;
• width - 90 mm;
• thickness - 1.2 or 2 mm.

Hardware is selected depending on the weight of the plates that they will have to hold.

Porcelain stoneware made in China

China is currently one of the main producers of porcelain stoneware. It is not important to discuss the quality of products, since the production of porcelain stoneware requires modern equipment, workers who know the technological process and high-quality raw materials. Most companies in China producing this type of product are equipped with Italian equipment. Therefore, Chinese porcelain stoneware can be purchased at a low price and at the same time of quite good quality.

Popular product manufacturers:

• CIMIC;
• Foshan Flamenco ceramics;
• Color Gres;
• Kyoto;
• Hitom;
• oceano;
• Megagres.

Despite the widest range of sizes of Chinese ceramic granite, the following are most in demand:

• 600 × 600 mm - for interior decoration, facades of small buildings;
• 1200x600mm is preferred for flooring, exterior and interior walls of commercial and other structures with large areas.

Options for laying facade tiles

To get a beautiful facade, porcelain stoneware (video can be viewed below) can be laid in a variety of ways:

• The traditional and most commonly used method is to lay slabs of the same color and size parallel to the foundation of the building. In this case, both square and rectangular plates can be used.
• Installing offset slabs allows you to simulate large brickwork. For this, rectangular slabs are used, which are not laid one under the other, but shifting the top row relative to the bottom. The drawing will turn out even more beautiful if some of the plates are of a different color.
• Combined laying involves the use of facade slabs of different sizes. In this case, the different arrangement of the slabs makes it possible to form a complex façade pattern. Of course, the installation of such a facade is more complicated.
• Facing porcelain stoneware can be used to create a facade pattern resembling parquet. In this case, rows of rectangular slabs are laid alternately vertically and horizontally.

First of all, fasteners for the ventilation facade are placed on the facade. And only then porcelain tiles are mounted

Porcelain stoneware buildings are often diversified by the use of facing tiles of different colors. With this method of decorating the facade, an infinite number of options are possible both in terms of colors and in the order of changing colors.

The device of the porcelain stoneware facade allows you to mount it, use it both outside and inside the building

The device of the porcelain stoneware facade provides great opportunities for creating unique buildings. Few building technologies offer such prospects for decorating houses as finishing the facade with porcelain stoneware. Photos of interesting options for facades can be viewed from the catalogs of the porcelain stoneware manufacturer.

Design incarnations can be absolutely anything. The main thing is to make a calculation, and the fasteners will be truly reliable with the help of a ventilation facade

How a ventilated facade works

Description of the structural elements of the ventilated facade.

On the prepared wall, they are mounted on brackets under the frame, on which the entire load will subsequently be distributed.

While the frame has not yet been mounted between the brackets, plates of heat-insulating material are laid and the entire structure is covered with a vapor-permeable film.

After that, the installation of the frame begins. It can be made of wooden bars or a metal profile, depending on the weight of the facing material. For porcelain stoneware, an aluminum or corrugated galvanized profile is usually chosen.

Plates of facing material are hung on the finished frame.

Design features of the ventilation facade

Ventilated porcelain stoneware facades consist of four components:

• Frame, the installation of which is carried out directly on the front wall of the building;
• Insulation and waterproofing;
• Facing from porcelain stoneware;
• Additional nodes and elements.

frame

The frame is intended for fixing porcelain stoneware slabs to the walls of the building. It consists of a system of guide profiles and fasteners, installation is carried out on a load-bearing wall using dowel-nails or anchor bolts.

The profile for porcelain stoneware is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloys, and there are two types - horizontal and vertical.

Hinged fasteners are a system of brackets, the installation of which is carried out by fastening to the wall and the supporting frame. The special design of the brackets makes it possible to adjust the size of the gap between the wall and porcelain stoneware. Thanks to this, on the one hand, it is possible to more effectively ventilate the interior space, and on the other hand, to level the unevenness of the wall surfaces.

Insulation and waterproofing

The installation technology of a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware provides for the creation of heat-insulating and waterproofing layers. For external insulation of a building, the following materials are most often used:

• Styrofoam sheets;
• Mineral wool boards;
• polyurethane foam.

The table below shows the comparative characteristics of the thermal conductivity of various thermal insulation and structural building materials.

Installation of a ventilated facade pie is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Internal vapor-waterproofing layer, located between the concrete or brick surface and thermal insulation;
2. insulation layer;
3. The outer layer of waterproofing, laid on top of the insulation;
4. An air gap that serves to ventilate the space under the facade;
5. Ceramic cladding.

Decorative porcelain tiles

Porcelain stoneware is a composite material made from a mixture of clay, quartz, feldspar and, if necessary, different pigments. All components are thoroughly mixed, pressed and fired in high-temperature furnaces.

Table 1. Comparative characteristics of porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles.

On sale you can find several types of porcelain tiles:

• Technical - the most budget option. In appearance, it practically does not differ from natural stone, it has a raw surface. It is used as a floor covering and for finishing internal and external walls of industrial, commercial and warehouse premises;
• Glazed. It has a smooth glossy surface, can be tinted during the production process with pigmenting compounds;
• Satin. Its front part is processed by applying a solution of mineral salts, as a result of which it becomes matte. Also in the manufacture can be painted in different colors.

Facades are most often mounted using glazed tiles, due to their high aesthetic qualities, matte satin porcelain tiles are less often used.

The main difference between tiles for a ventilated facade and tiles for interior work is the requirements for it. She must:

do not lose color saturation and brightness under the influence of ultraviolet radiation;

be resistant to changes in temperature and humidity;

well tolerate the effects of acidic, alkaline and other aggressive environments.

The linear dimensions and shape of the plates can vary significantly. Facade porcelain stoneware 600x600 mm is the most common option. It has an acceptable weight, and the same length of the sides simplifies the marking and installation of frame rails.

Table 2. Requirements for the quality of porcelain stoneware for ventilated facades.

Additional nodes and elements

Additional units include various sealing materials and additional elements: paronite or rubber gaskets for installation under fasteners, decorative inserts for sealing joints between tiles. Inserts can be made of aluminum or polymers - polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, etc.

Porcelain stoneware layout options on the facade

The appearance of the building largely depends on how exactly the plates are located. In doing so, you can:

• use porcelain stoneware of different sizes;
• or colors (it is advisable to choose no more than 2-3);
• lay rectangular slabs not horizontally, but vertically (so the house will appear taller).

In all cases, the following layout options can be used relative to other elements of the facade (windows, doors, parapets, decorative parts):

• strict, in which the seams between the plates are on the same straight line as the elements;
• non-strict (either horizontal or vertical edges of porcelain stoneware are on the same level with the elements);
• cutting at an angle (there is no such correspondence on any side);
• mixed.

Device

The impressive weight of porcelain stoneware slabs implies the manufacture of a powerful and reliable subsystem. The technological map for the material recommends using it only on an aluminum base. However, in practice, to reduce the cost of installation, galvanized analogues are used. There is no official data indicating the collapse of the facades due to such a replacement, however, it should always be remembered that non-compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations entails additional risks.

The subsystem serves to install porcelain stoneware on it and to ensure that the air gap between the outer skin and the wall is maintained. The basis of the subsystem is profiles interconnected horizontally and vertically.

Fixation of porcelain stoneware is usually carried out on clamps, which are mounted in an open or hidden way. The latter method is more time-consuming and contributes to an increase in the estimate, but it is more aesthetically attractive. For work, only facade tiles made of porcelain stoneware are used. Despite the apparent strength of the floor analogue, its use is unacceptable due to the greater thickness of the tile, and, therefore, greater weight. The thickness of the facade tiles is always the same and is 10 mm.

The subsystem profiles are fastened to the wall using brackets. A heater (mineral or basalt wool) is also installed between the crate and the wall, and a windproof film is placed on top of it. All components and fasteners must be made of stainless steel or have an anti-corrosion coating.