Correct connection of the heating system. Scheme of connecting heating radiators to a common heating circuit. Learn more about diagonal wiring

The efficiency of the heating system primarily depends on the competent choice of the heating battery connection scheme. It is ideal if, with a small fuel consumption, radiators are able to generate the maximum amount of heat. In the material below, we will talk about what are the connection schemes for heating radiators in an apartment building, what is the peculiarity of each of them, as well as what factors should be considered when choosing a particular option.

Factors Affecting Radiator Efficiency

The main requirements for a heating system are, of course, its efficiency and economy. Therefore, its design must be approached thoughtfully so as not to miss all sorts of subtleties and features of a particular living space. If you do not have sufficient skills to create a competent project, it is better to entrust this work to specialists who have already proven themselves and have positive feedback from customers. Relying on the advice of friends who recommend certain methods of connecting radiators is not worth it, since in each case the initial conditions will be different. In other words, what works for one person doesn't necessarily work for another.

However, if you still want to deal with piping to heating radiators yourself, pay attention to the following factors:

size of radiators and their thermal power;
placement of heating devices inside the house;
connection diagram.

The modern consumer is presented with a choice of a variety of models of heating devices - these are hinged radiators made of various materials, and plinth or floor convectors. The difference between them is not only in size and appearance, but also in the methods of supply, as well as the degree of heat transfer. All these factors will affect the choice of options for connecting heating radiators.

Depending on the size of the heated room, the presence or absence of an insulating layer on the outer walls of the building, the power, as well as the type of connection recommended by the radiator manufacturer, the number and dimensions of such devices will vary.

As a rule, radiators are placed under windows or in the piers between them, if the windows are at a great distance from each other, as well as in the corners or along the blank wall of the room, in the bathroom, hallway, pantry, often on the stairwells of apartment buildings.

To direct the heat energy from the radiator into the room, it is advisable to attach a special reflective screen between the appliance and the wall. Such a screen can be made from any heat-reflecting foil material - for example, penofol, isospan or any other.

Before connecting the heating battery to the heating system, pay attention to some features of its installation:

within one dwelling, the level of placement of all batteries should be the same;
the ribs on the convectors must be directed vertically;
the middle of the radiator must coincide with the center point of the window or can be shifted 2 cm to the right or left;
the total length of the battery should be from 75% of the width of the window opening;
the distance from the window sill to the radiator must be at least 5 cm, and there must be at least 6 cm of clearance between the appliance and the floor. It is best to leave 10-12 cm.

Please note that not only the heat transfer of the battery, but also the level of heat loss will depend on the correct choice of methods for connecting heating radiators in an apartment building.

It is not uncommon for apartment owners to assemble and connect the heating system, following the recommendations of friends. In this case, the result is much worse than expected. This means that mistakes were made during the installation process, the power of the devices is not enough to heat a particular room, or the scheme for connecting heating pipes to batteries is inappropriate for this house.

Differences between the main types of battery connections

All possible types of connection of heating radiators differ in the type of piping. It may consist of one or two pipes. In turn, each of the options involves a division into systems with vertical risers or horizontal lines. Quite often, horizontal wiring of the heating system in an apartment building is used, and it has proven itself well.

Based on which option for connecting pipes to radiators was chosen, the scheme of their connection will directly depend. In heating systems with a single-pipe and two-pipe circuit, the lower, side and diagonal method of connecting radiators is used. Whichever option you choose, the main thing is that enough heat enters the room for its high-quality heating.

The described types of pipe wiring are referred to as a tee connection system. However, there is another variety - this is a collector circuit, or beam wiring. When using it, the heating circuit is laid to each radiator separately. In this regard, the collector types of battery connection have a higher cost, since a lot of pipes will be required to implement such a connection. In addition, they will pass through the entire room. However, usually in such cases, the heating circuit is laid in the floor and does not spoil the interior of the room.

Despite the fact that the described collector connection scheme assumes the presence of a large number of pipes, it is increasingly used during the design of heating systems. In particular, this type of radiator connection is used to create a water "warm floor". It is used as an additional source of heat, or as the main one - it all depends on the project.

Single pipe scheme

A single-pipe heating system is called, in which all radiators, without exception, are connected to one pipeline. At the same time, the heated coolant at the inlet and cooled down at the return moves along the same pipe, gradually passing through all the heating devices. In this case, it is very important that the internal section of the pipe is sufficient to fulfill its main function. Otherwise, all heating will be inefficient.

A heating system with a single-pipe circuit has certain pros and cons. It would be erroneous to believe that such a system can significantly reduce the cost of laying pipes and installing heating appliances. The fact is that the system will function effectively only if it is properly connected, taking into account a large number of subtleties. Otherwise, it will not be able to heat the apartment properly.

Savings in the arrangement of a single-pipe heating system really take place, but only if a vertical supply riser is used. In particular, in five-story houses, this wiring option is often practiced in order to save materials. In this case, the heated coolant is fed upwards through the main riser, where it is distributed to all other risers. Hot water in the circuit gradually passes through the radiators on each floor, starting from the top.

As the coolant reaches the lower floors, its temperature gradually decreases. To compensate for the temperature difference, radiators with a larger area are installed on the lower floors. Another feature of a single-pipe heating system is that it is recommended to install bypasses on all radiators. They allow you to easily remove the batteries in case of need for repair, without stopping the entire system.

If heating with a single-pipe circuit is made according to a horizontal wiring scheme, the movement of the coolant may be associated or dead-end. Such a system has proven itself in pipelines up to 30 m long. At the same time, the number of connected radiators can be 4-5 pieces.

Two-pipe heating systems

Inside the two-pipe circuit, the coolant moves through two separate pipelines. One of them is used for the supply flow with hot coolant, and the other for the return flow with cooled water, which moves towards the heating tank. Thus, when installing heating radiators with a bottom connection or any other type of tie-in, all batteries warm up evenly, since water of approximately the same temperature enters them.

It is worth noting that a two-pipe circuit when connecting batteries with a lower connection, as well as when using other schemes, is the most acceptable. The fact is that this type of connection provides a minimum amount of heat loss. The water circulation scheme can be both associated and dead-end.

Please note that if there is a two-pipe wiring, it is possible to adjust the thermal performance of the radiators used.

Some owners of private houses believe that projects with two-pipe types of radiator connections are much more expensive, since more pipes are required to implement them. However, if you look in more detail, it turns out that their cost is not much higher than in the arrangement of single-pipe systems.

The fact is that a single-pipe system implies the presence of pipes with a large cross section and a large radiator. At the same time, the price of the thinner pipes required for a two-pipe system is much lower. In addition, in the end, unnecessary costs will pay off due to better circulation of the coolant and minimal heat loss.

With a two-pipe system, several options are used for connecting aluminum heating radiators. The connection can be diagonal, side or bottom. In this case, the use of vertical and horizontal joints is allowed. In terms of efficiency, the diagonal connection is considered the best option. At the same time, heat is evenly distributed over all heating devices with minimal losses.

The lateral, or one-sided, connection method is used with equal success in both single-pipe and two-pipe wiring. Its main difference is that the supply and return circuits cut into one side of the radiator.

Lateral connection is often used in apartment buildings with a vertical supply riser. Please note that before connecting a heating radiator with side connection, it is necessary to install a bypass and a valve on it. This will allow you to freely remove the battery for washing, painting or replacing without shutting down the entire system.

It is noteworthy that the efficiency of one-sided tie-in is maximum only for batteries with 5-6 sections. If the length of the radiator is much longer, with such a connection there will be significant heat losses.

Features of the bottom piping option

As a rule, a radiator with a bottom connection is connected in cases where unpresentable heating pipes must be hidden in the floor or in the wall so as not to disturb the interior of the room.

On sale you can find a large number of heating devices in which manufacturers provide a lower supply to heating radiators. They are available in various sizes and configurations. At the same time, in order not to damage the battery, it is worth looking at the product passport, where the method of connecting one or another model of equipment is prescribed. Usually, ball valves are provided in the battery connection unit, which allow you to remove it if necessary. Thus, even without experience in such work, using the instructions, you can connect bimetallic heating radiators with a bottom connection.

The circulation of water inside many modern radiators with a lower connection occurs in the same way as with a diagonal connection. This effect is achieved due to an obstacle located inside the radiator, which ensures the passage of water throughout the heater. After that, the cooled coolant enters the return circuit.

Please note that in heating systems with natural circulation, the bottom connection of radiators is undesirable. However, significant heat losses from such a connection scheme can be compensated by an increase in the thermal power of the batteries.

Diagonal connection

As we have already noted, the diagonal method of connecting radiators is characterized by the smallest heat loss. With this scheme, the hot coolant enters from one side of the radiator, passes through all sections, and then exits through the pipe from the opposite side. This type of connection is suitable for both one- and two-pipe heating systems.

Diagonal connection of radiators can be performed in 2 versions:

The hot coolant flow enters the upper opening of the radiator, and then, having passed through all sections, exits the lower side opening on the opposite side.
The coolant enters the radiator through the bottom hole on one side and flows out from the opposite side from above.

Connecting in a diagonal way is advisable in cases where the batteries consist of a large number of sections - from 12 or more.

Natural and forced circulation of the coolant

It is worth noting that the method of connecting pipes to radiators will also depend on how the coolant circulates inside the heating circuit. There are two types of circulation - natural and forced.

The natural circulation of the liquid inside the heating circuit is achieved through the application of physical laws, while additional equipment does not need to be installed. It is possible only when using water as a heat carrier. If any antifreeze is used, it will not be able to freely circulate through the pipes.

Heating with natural circulation includes a boiler for heating water, an expansion tank, 2 pipelines for supply and return, as well as radiators. In this case, the operating boiler gradually heats the water, which expands and moves along the riser, passing through all the radiators in the system. Then, the already cooled water flows back into the boiler by gravity.

To ensure the free movement of water, horizontal pipes are mounted with a slight slope to the direction of movement of the coolant. The heating system with natural circulation is self-regulating because the amount of water varies according to its temperature. When the water is heated, the circulation pressure increases, which ensures uniform heating of the room.

In systems with natural fluid circulation, it is possible to install a radiator with a bottom connection, provided a two-pipe connection, and also use a top-wiring scheme in a one- and two-pipe circuit. As a rule, this type of circulation is carried out only in small houses.

Please note that air vents must be provided on the batteries through which air locks can be removed. Alternatively, risers can be equipped with automatic air vents. It is advisable to place the heating boiler below the level of the heated room, for example, in the basement.

If the area of \u200b\u200bthe house exceeds 100 m 2, then the method of circulation of the coolant must be forced. In this case, it will be necessary to install a special circulation pump, which will ensure the movement of antifreeze or water along the circuit. The power of the pump depends on the size of the house.

The circulation pump can be mounted on both the supply and return pipes. It is very important to install automatic bleeders at the top of the pipeline or provide Mayevsky taps on each radiator in order to remove air locks manually.

The use of a circulation pump is justified both in one- and two-pipe systems with a vertical and horizontal type of radiator connection.

Why is it important to correctly connect heating radiators

Whichever connection method and type of radiator you choose, it is very important to make competent calculations and install the equipment correctly. At the same time, it is important to take into account the characteristics of a particular room in order to choose the best option. Then the system will be as efficient as possible and will avoid significant heat losses in the future.

If you want to assemble a heating system in a large expensive mansion, it is better to entrust the design to specialists.

For houses of a small area, you can handle the choice of wiring diagram and installation of batteries yourself. It is only necessary to consider the quality of a particular connection scheme and study the features of the installation work.

Please note that the piping and radiators must be made of the same material. For example, plastic pipes cannot be connected to cast-iron batteries, as this is fraught with trouble.

Thus, provided that the features of a particular house are taken into account, the connection of heating radiators can be done independently. A well-chosen scheme for connecting pipes to radiators will minimize heat loss so that heating devices can work with maximum efficiency.

In addition to the two-pipe heating system, which is quite common in our country, a single-pipe system can also be found. This will provide significant savings by reducing the need for pipes, but a number of measures will have to be taken to ensure that the heating of the home is uniform. In particular, special attention will have to be paid to the methods of connecting radiators.

Is it worth it to use a single-pipe heating system

When laying pipes, a 2-pipe heating system is often used. Schematically, it can be represented in the form of 2 circuits, one is responsible for supplying hot water to the radiators, and the second for removing the cooled coolant and supplying it to the boiler. This approach allows you to organize the circulation of water of the same temperature in all batteries.

A significant disadvantage of this method of organizing heating is the financial cost of pipes (the price of such a heating device will be about 1.5-2 times more than a single-pipe one), and the labor intensity increases. In addition, pipes will be more difficult to disguise.

The single-pipe scheme does not imply the presence of a separate riser for the removal of the cooled coolant, that is, the pipes will need about half as much. Schematically, it can be represented as a closed circuit, and the connection of radiators with a single-pipe heating system is made in series.

Such a system began to be massively applied during the construction boom back in the USSR, at the same time its significant shortcomings were discovered:

the main thing can be considered that the last batteries in the circuit receive a coolant with a temperature of about 30-50% lower than those closest to the boiler, this leads to the fact that the premises are heated extremely unevenly;

Note!
This shortcoming can be easily solved by increasing the number of sections of the last radiators.
But when building a large number of facilities, this will lead to an increase in calculations, which is not very convenient.

you will need a fairly powerful pump, it will not work to organize the movement of the coolant by gravity;
it is characterized by large heat losses;
the start-up of the system takes longer than in the case of a two-pipe system;
when doing work with your own hands, the risk of air pockets during operation is especially high. It's just that quite often it is not possible to maintain the necessary slopes along the entire length of the pipes.

The listed list of disadvantages is typical for a conventional single-pipe heating system. Today, most of these shortcomings are successfully eliminated by installing simple devices. For example, it is already possible to regulate the temperature in individual batteries, and the installation of balancing valves will make it possible to achieve almost the same operating conditions for all batteries in the circuit.

Given the significant savings on materials, such a scheme of the heating system definitely deserves attention.

How to connect radiators correctly

Not only the reliability of their operation, but also the efficiency of heating in general depends on the correct connection of radiators. For example, with a lower radiator connection, it will warm up somewhat worse than with a diagonal one.

Features of installing a radiator

Connection of heating radiators with a single-pipe heating system can be performed in 2 ways:

without using a bypass (flow circuit). In this case, the maximum heat transfer of the radiator is guaranteed, but the operation of the system cannot be called flexible and reliable. With such a scheme, the failure of even one battery will require turning off the entire heating system, it will not work to turn off only one radiator;
installation of a radiator with a bypass. This somewhat reduces the flow of coolant into it, as a result of which the heat transfer of the heater decreases by up to 10-15%, but such losses cannot be called critical in any way (especially since a margin is always included in the calculation, the same 10-15%). But the landlord will have the opportunity not only to turn off any battery at any time, but also to regulate the temperature in it.

In the photo - bypass

Note!
In order to avoid problems with, the bypass diameter must be selected 1 step less than the diameter of the supply pipe.

Also, when installing radiators, you will need:

a pair of ball valves, installed on both sides of the radiator and used to instantly turn off the water supply to it;
in principle, the instructions do not require this, but it is advisable to install a simple automatic thermostat at the battery inlet. A couple of hundred rubles will not affect the budget, but the ability to regulate the heat transfer of the heater is worth a lot;
fittings for connecting the bypass to the pipeline. It is advisable to do without welding, and use any other type of detachable connection, for example, an American;
also, when installing, a Mayevsky crane is extremely necessary, situations often arise when one section of the battery suddenly becomes cool, air congestion is to blame. The Mayevsky crane allows you to manually bleed air from the radiator.

Note!
A ball valve can be installed on the pipeline section under the battery in order for the coolant to circulate (adjustable bypass).
When the battery is disconnected, it opens.

How to properly connect a radiator

The heat transfer of the heater largely depends on how exactly the inlet and outlet pipes are connected to it. The difference between different connection methods can be up to 20-25%.

Connecting a heating radiator to a single-pipe system can be performed according to one of the following schemes:

unilateral. At the same time, the inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the radiator from the bottom side, or the inlet from the top, and the outlet from the bottom);

diagonal(it is also cross), the supply pipe is connected to the upper part of the battery, the discharge pipe to the bottom;
bottom- in this case, the pipes are connected from the bottom side of the battery, the connection can be made both from one side and from different sides.

With lateral connection, the heat transfer of the battery is not much less than the maximum, a fairly uniform heating of the sections is ensured, the best option for vertical wiring.

But the scheme for connecting heating radiators with a single-pipe system in which the pipes are connected from the bottom side is far from ideal. The heat transfer of the radiator can be lower by about 10-20%, depending on the length of the sections, the circulation of the coolant is difficult, respectively, the distant sections warm up poorly.

Note!
If you need to mask the pipes in the floor or wall and make them completely invisible, then you can purchase radiators in which the connection is made from the bottom side.
Heat transfer, of course, is not up to par, but the pipes are not visible.

Diagonal connection of a heating radiator with a single-pipe system can be considered the best option in terms of efficiency. In this case, the coolant passes diagonally through the entire battery and the sections are heated as evenly as possible. Practice shows that optimal heat transfer is observed when the number of sections is about 15 pieces.

With a cross (diagonal connection), it is the supply pipe that must be connected to the top of the radiator, and the outlet pipe to the bottom. If they are interchanged, then the heat transfer will drop by almost half.

How to achieve maximum heating efficiency

The correct connection of heating radiators in a single-pipe system, of course, affects the heating efficiency, but you should also not forget about shut-off and control valves. And the choice of location also plays a role.

In order to achieve a stable microclimate in the house in any weather, and the batteries do not run idle, it is recommended to follow the following tips:

do not place them close to the wall. Typically, radiators are installed in niches under the windows, in which case it is necessary to maintain distances from the walls and the floor (the distance from the walls should be about 5 cm, and from the floor - from 10 cm);

Note!
Ordinary curtains can also affect the heating efficiency, if the batteries are covered with a thick cloth, then the heating efficiency will drop sharply.

as for thermostats, it is best to choose an automatic model; after the initial calibration, it will maintain the temperature in the room by itself. One-pipe connection of heating radiators will not be a problem if a bypass is used, in which case the circulation will be carried out partly through it, and partly through the pipe.

Summarizing

A single-pipe heating system is extremely attractive from the point of view of economy, the cost of pipes alone will be almost 2 times less. A number of problems associated with connecting batteries in series can be solved with simple thermostats, balancing valves and choosing the best way to connect a radiator.

The video in this article describes the advantages and disadvantages of different types of battery connection.

What to do when the heating system spoils the view of the room? If cast-iron batteries can also be hidden behind the screen or more modern ones can be installed instead of them - bimetallic or steel, then what about pipes? Some people cover them with curtains and curtains, while others make the lower connection of heating radiators, as a result of which the battery piping is practically invisible.

Features of the bottom connection

Three ways to connect:

Connection of ordinary radiators through the bottom holes.
With the help of a set of accessories from below steel or bimetallic radiators.
Purchase batteries that are designed for such a connection.

Now let's look at the methods, pros and cons of various bottom connection methods.

Connection with side outlets

The connection itself is not very difficult. Pipes are located below - above the floor or hidden in the floor. A radiator is attached to the wall, and a pipeline is connected to the lower holes. So that the battery can be removed without stopping the heating process, it is necessary to install shutoff valves on both sides. An air vent is installed in the upper hole (no matter which side).

Connecting with an adapter

Sometimes it is not possible to connect an ordinary radiator by connecting a pipeline to it from two sides. In this case, you can use an adapter. It is screwed into the lower hole, and a stainless steel tube is connected to the upper one from it. The heating pipes are connected to the adapter itself from below.

You can get more information about this type of connection by watching the video attached at the end of the article.

Bottom connection with flow extension

The bottom connection can be made with a flow extension. The device is screwed into the bottom hole and has no taps to the top one. The circulation of the coolant occurs due to the fact that the water, passing through the tube in the middle of the radiator, exits it at the end of the heater, rises, squeezing out cold water through the outlet located in the device.

For gravity systems, this type of connection is not suitable.

Connecting batteries with a bottom connection

Now let's dwell on the more efficient and most aesthetically acceptable method of bottom connection - from below, describing its advantages and disadvantages along the way.

Advantages

It is possible to install a flow direction adapter.
Both pipes go directly from the battery into the floor or into the wall (or into pipes located above the floor).
When buying radiators with a bottom connection, you do not need to worry about purchasing a suitable thermostat, since it is already installed there.

Flaws

An air vent must be installed on each battery.
Heating is less uniform and not as efficient.
Cannot be used for gravity heating systems.
It is necessary to constantly use the circulation pump.

Radiators Location Norms

Regardless of the chosen method of connecting the radiator, it must be at some distance from:

walls - 5 cm;
floor - 10 cm (deviation in any direction is not more than 2 cm);
window sill - 10 cm (a minimum distance of 5 cm is allowed).

When purchasing a mount, it is important to take into account the thickness of the installed thermal insulation with a reflective layer (if any). In this case, hooks-clamps of a slightly longer length will be needed.

Installation of a heating system with a bottom connection

Depending on the selected scheme, the installation of the pipeline is carried out. It can be laid:

In the floor
In the wall.
Between the floor and the battery.

The location of the pipes does not affect the efficiency of the heating system - they are hidden for aesthetic reasons.

It is important to first install the batteries, calculating their number for each room, and then bring pipes to them.

Video

See how sectional radiators can be connected from below:

This video explains the advantages of a bottom connection radiator:

Warmth and comfort in the house are created not only by trusting relationships of households and good upholstered furniture. The most important source of this (physically) is actually properly equipped and productively working. And this is not only a boiler and pipes, but also radiators connected to them. It is they who will heat the premises as much as possible, giving off the accumulated heat. Just connecting them to the pipes will not work - this is a task that requires care and certain knowledge. And the scheme for connecting heating radiators to a common heating circuit may be different. How are they installed , you can read in our article.

How is home heating done?

A heating radiator or, as this element of the heating system is commonly called, a battery is a series of sections combined into a single structure, inside which there are cavities filled with water. Liquid is supplied to the radiator through a pipeline from one end of the device - a special “nest” is equipped there, designed just for entering hot water. Further, the coolant begins to circulate through the battery, passing through all its sections and heating the metal from which they are made. The heated walls of the device, in turn, begin to give off heat to the external environment, which is the air in the house - this is how the rooms are heated. "About how it works , you can read in our article".

Cooling down, the coolant that has passed through the sections of the radiator leaves it through another end socket and returns through the pipeline ("return") to the main heat source (boiler), where heating occurs again. The hot water is then sent back around the heating system.

Radiators can be made of various metals - this will largely determine their ability to retain heat and heat the room.

Table. Types of heating radiators.

Type of equipment	Description
	Made, as the name implies, of cast iron, used for central heating of premises for various purposes. They have a high thermal power - even a small cast-iron radiator warms up the room well. Such a battery withstands water and resists corrosion well, and therefore is durable. The cast iron radiator is very durable, but has a lot of weight, which makes installation difficult. Also, this equipment is quite expensive, but it has a high heat capacity. The disadvantage of the device can also be called the tendency of the gaskets between the sections to quickly become unusable compared to the "body" of the battery. Also, over time, in such radiators, a drop in the heat transfer rate is observed - this is due to the formation of plaque inside the sections. The equipment must be periodically painted.
	Radiators made of low-carbon steel, not afraid of corrosion, are panel, sectional, tubular. The first view is a panel in the form of a large rectangle, consisting of two sheets of steel welded to each other, between them there are channels through which water moves. Sometimes such a battery may consist of several similar "sheets" connected together at once. Usually the steel in these devices is treated with powder paint, phosphated. Radiators of this type are afraid of water hammer, the inside is prone to rust. Sectional steel batteries are similar to cast iron, but the sections in them are interconnected not by threaded elements, but by welding. Tubular steel radiators - the most expensive, have a tubular welded design.
	This is the most popular type of battery today, as it is inexpensive, and the thermal conductivity of aluminum is very good, due to which the high efficiency of the equipment is achieved. In addition, such radiators are light, compact, have a high working pressure and a good heat transfer rate. The main disadvantage is the tendency to corrosion, especially if the oxide film covering the metal is broken. It is worth remembering that if the battery is not covered with a polymer substance inside, then it is impossible to close the taps on the supply pipes. Batteries made of aluminum are solid, sectional.

It is not enough to buy radiators in a store - they still need to be installed correctly. The fact is that if they are connected incorrectly, they will not work. Therefore, you should familiarize yourself with the connection diagrams for this equipment. There are both one-pipe and two-pipe versions of radiators.

Single pipe system

Typically, such a scheme for connecting heating devices is used in multi-storey buildings and is considered the easiest way to combine equipment into a single system. The coolant here will be supplied sequentially to all connected devices, there will be no separation of pipelines into supply and return - the circuit is closed and, as it were, encircles the whole house.

The equipment works according to a single-pipe scheme as follows: hot water flows from the heat source to the batteries, branching in some places. During the passage of equipment sections, the water cools down, giving off heat, and leaves the batteries, falling again into the same pipeline. Reaching the vertical section, it returns to the heater, and then, having accumulated thermal energy, it goes around the second circle.

It is important to know that with such a connection scheme, heat is distributed unevenly through the radiators - the fact is that water as a coolant reaches the last batteries, having already partially lost thermal energy. That is, the further the radiators are from the heat source according to the scheme, the more cooled the coolant reaches them.

Attention! The main disadvantage of a single-pipe connection scheme is the inability to adjust the heat level. Therefore, heat transfer will be the same as it was envisaged at the stage of project development - equal to the calculated norm.

In a single-pipe system, it is necessary to build up a sufficiently high pressure, which is why the heaters wear out faster, and the likelihood of leaks and accidents is quite high.

Two-pipe system

The main difference between this system and the previous one can already be understood by reading its name - here the cooled water from the radiators does not return to the same pipes, but is discharged through a separate pipeline in the opposite direction. Both pipelines are independent of each other. Batteries are connected in parallel. The main advantage of such a connection scheme is that all radiators receive the same amount of heat together with the coolant. It is also possible to adjust the intensity of heat transfer with the help of taps installed at the water inlet to the battery. By the way, the water here is not supplied under pressure - there is no need for this, which means that the number of emergencies and leaks is minimal.

Prices for heating radiators

heating radiators

Location for radiators

Just like that, attaching a radiator to the wall will not work - the place where it should be located is selected in accordance with certain rules. And this should be taken into account at the stage of planning the connection of equipment.

The fact is that due to the correct location of the batteries in the room, a kind of screen is also created, which will additionally protect the room from the penetration of cold air. Therefore, most often radiators can be seen just under the windows - where heat loss is maximum.

Important! Before deciding how the radiators will be connected, you should draw up a diagram of their location. This will allow you to correctly determine the mounting distances. Devices must be at a certain distance from the wall - 2 cm, from the floor - 12 cm, from the bottom of the window sill - 10 cm. These standards should not be changed.

Coolant circulation: methods

On a note! The radiator mounts can be slightly adjusted if necessary.

Step 13 Next, places are marked on the wall where it is necessary to make strobes for laying pipes in it - they will be laid inside the wall. This is done both at the water inlet and at the outlet, that is, on both sides of the battery.

Step 14 Shtrobirovanie marked areas. The radiator is removed for the convenience of work.

Step 15 The tubes are prepared - the mark along which they are cut is applied as shown in the image.

Step 16 The radiator, the faucet are connected by a tube to a soft eyeliner, which is laid in the wall. All connections are tightly screwed. The inlet pipe is connected to the top point of the radiator, the outlet pipe to the bottom.

Video - Installation of heating radiators

If you study well all the connection diagrams and methods of work, then the installation of the heating system, including radiators, can be done independently. The main thing is to be careful and do everything qualitatively. The quality of heating the house will completely depend on the correct work carried out.

Heating batteries can be connected according to one of three schemes. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account that each has its pros and cons. The piping layout is the basis for the choice. Diagonal is not used in city apartments, as they usually have a side connection. However, some home craftsmen and specialists prefer the diagonal option when choosing an effective system.

Features of the diagonal connection scheme

If you also wondered why a diagonal connection is the most effective, then you should consider this option in more detail. If we take into account the process where hot air or water is involved, then the action will take place according to one physical law, which involves the rise of warm masses up, while cold ones fall down.

To ensure uniform distribution of heat throughout the volume of the radiator, the coolant should be distributed over the battery. As mentioned above, lateral connection in city apartments acts as the main scheme. After all, forced circulation under high pressure is used there. The diameter of the outgoing and outgoing pipes is only 20 mm. Through them, water enters the battery under high pressure, which allows you to fill the device evenly and quickly.

If we are talking about private housing construction, where the circulation is natural, the radiators are filled under the influence of the aforementioned physical law. That is why hot streams penetrate through the upper nozzle, pushing cold water through the lower outlet from the opposite side. Two nozzles are located diagonally if we consider the device. Hence the name of the connection. The coolant fills the battery gradually, giving off heat to the entire volume. It is necessary to take into account not only the law of heat transfer, but also the physical law. That is why this scheme is the most effective.

Features of the implementation of the diagonal scheme

You can implement a diagonal connection of a heating radiator yourself. Work should begin with the preparation of the battery. To do this, you need to take care of the availability:

the heating devices themselves;
stop valves;
pipes;
fittings;
other additional devices such as heat meters, Mayevsky crane and thermal head.

At the first stage of work, a radiator is installed. In this case, the rules must be taken into account. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of heat transfer will depend on them. When a diagonal connection of a heating radiator is used, part of the window opening must coincide with the axis of the radiator. To the upper collector from the window sill, it is necessary to keep a distance of 15 cm. As for the step from the floor to the bottom of the collector, it should be the same. From the wall to the battery, it is necessary to set a distance of 5 cm. Errors may occur. If we are talking about the distance to the window sill or the floor, then the error can reach 4 cm, while the step between the battery and the wall can be increased or decreased by 1 cm.

If you decide to use a diagonal connection of a heating radiator, then you must take into account some assumptions that will affect the intensity of heat transfer. For example, if there is no window sill in the room, then this figure can be increased by a maximum of 20%. Bringing the battery closer to the floor will reduce heat transfer by 7%. To increase the efficiency of heat transfer, professionals recommend supplementing the radiator with a reflective screen that is installed on the wall. For this, you can use a sheet of fiberboard or cardboard, each of which is covered with foil. In this case, heat transfer can be increased by 25%.

If you want to achieve the correct operation of the radiator, then you should approach the conduct and installation with the utmost attention. It is important to properly align the device horizontally. You can get rid of distortions using a level. At this stage, it will be important to apply the markup. Once the markup can be applied, you can install the brackets.

As fasteners, a self-tapping screw is used, mounted on plastic dowels. On sale today you can find brackets that have the shape of pins. They are screwed into a dowel of impressive diameter. Now everything is ready to install the radiator and connect it to the piping system.

Complete set of a radiator for a diagonal scheme

The diagonal scheme for connecting heating radiators necessarily involves a complete set of batteries. To do this, it is supplemented with which you can bleed air. You need to take care of the presence of metal couplings, which are also known as American women. They are installed in the pipe, for this you need to use threaded metal couplings. Valves are strengthened to the latter, there should be one such element for each branch pipe. This will cut off the battery from the heating network if you are faced with the need for repairs. The system itself will work normally.

Learn more about diagonal wiring

The diagonal scheme for connecting heating radiators in city apartments is used quite rarely. However, according to experts, this technique can be used if the number of sections in one battery exceeds 12 pieces. With a lower side connection, as well as with water circulation under pressure, the pressure will not be able to overpower such a number of sections. The extreme ones will remain a little warm, and there will be no sense from them.

This scheme is used in a two-pipe wiring system. The falling circuit must be connected to the upper branch pipe, while the return circuit must be connected to the lower one. If the circulation is forced, then the connection can be carried out in reverse, however, in this case, you will encounter a decrease in efficiency.

For reference

When a diagonal connection of heating radiators is used in a private house, heat losses through batteries are 2%. Therefore, in the implementation of heat engineering calculations in this case, a coefficient is taken, which is 1.1.

The main types of connection

There is also a one-way connection, in which the hot water supply pipe and the return pipe will be connected on one side of the radiator. The application of this principle is rational for one-story buildings. The circuit is suitable if you want to connect a long radiator with up to 15 sections. But if this parameter is increased, the heating efficiency will decrease, because the last sections will be colder.

Considering the main options for connecting heating radiators, you should also pay attention to the lower connection, which is suitable for those systems whose pipes pass under the floor surface. In this case, above the surface there will be a small piece of pipe leading to the lower branch pipe. The inlet pipe is installed on one side of the battery, while the outlet pipe is on the other. The disadvantage of this method is a significant heat loss, which reaches 15%. At the top, the battery may not warm up completely.

Important to remember

A single-pipe diagonal connection of heating radiators is used quite rarely, because such a scheme has a significant drawback, expressed in the inability to adjust the heat supply. Thus, the user will not be able to adjust the degree of heating of the radiators, in some cases this feature is a significant disadvantage. However, heat transfer is calculated even when creating a heating project, and in the future it must correspond to the specified parameters.

The main advantages of a diagonal connection

The diagonal method is good in that it can be used to provide the highest heat transfer coefficient. This is true if compared with the rest of the above schemes. In other words, in the case of a diagonal connection, it is possible to provide the room with the maximum amount of heat. The diagonal connection of heating radiators in the apartment should ensure the movement of the coolant inside the battery with the formation of a gradient circuit.

The efficiency of this scheme may decrease, which will happen with a large number of sections. But even in this case, their limit can be 24, while with a side scheme this parameter is only 12. This feature can be considered an important advantage, because you can use longer radiators. With a side connection, an increase in the number of sections will be accompanied by a less efficient operation of the elements located on the sides.

Main disadvantages

The diagonal connection of heating radiators, the pros and cons of which are described in the article, can also be used by you. An important drawback of this scheme is not a very attractive design. After all, one cannot argue with the fact that the additional pipe does not look very aesthetically pleasing. It connects the return pipe and the upper radiator pipe, the first of which runs from below. It can also be considered a minus that not all city apartments have the opportunity to provide this type of connection. Indeed, during the construction of Soviet high-rise buildings, they strived for a minimum consumption of materials, and often did not install a separate bypass.

Conclusion

Diagonal connection of a heating radiator with a single-pipe system, although undesirable, is still possible. But at the same time, you must take into account that in order to increase the level of heat transfer, it is important to take into account the multiplying factor, which sometimes reaches 1.2. Thus, nameplate heat transfer must be increased by 20%.