What is safe for a diabetic to eat? What can you eat with diabetes: a list of products. Allowed foods and those that can be rarely consumed

Diabetes mellitus, which can be either congenital or acquired, disrupts carbohydrate metabolism. The production of insulin, which is responsible for regulating blood glucose, slows down, which, if left untreated, can lead to both disability and death.

Given the seriousness of the disease that disrupts the functioning of the whole organism, when the first symptoms appear, it is necessary to contact a specialist who will determine the severity of the patient's condition, prescribe an effective treatment regimen, and also give recommendations regarding nutrition.

Diabetes can go unnoticed for a long time. And a person learns about the disease by chance, at the next preventive examination. But there is a list of symptoms that indicate that the process is running and diabetes has become a part of a person's life. It:

uncontrollable thirst;
frequent urination;
chronic fatigue;
active weight loss;
decreased sexual activity;
regular dizziness;
heaviness in the legs;
loss of visual acuity;
cramps and numbness of the limbs;
poor tissue regeneration;
frequent infectious diseases;
skin itching;
low body temperature.

Diabetes is characterized by pain in the heart area, the development of hepatosis (fatty liver cells) and cirrhosis (replacement of liver cells by connective tissue cells).

"Bread unit": how to calculate

Bread unit (XE) - a measure of the amount of carbohydrates entering the body. It is generally accepted that 1 XE is equal to 12 grams of digestible carbohydrates. It is especially important to control the amount of XE in type 1 diabetes. So the patient will be able to clearly plan his diet and regulate the daily dose of insulin.

There are various tables that indicate the amount of XE in the product, but over time, every diabetic learns to determine it “by eye”. For example, a slice of bread contains 1 XE, and a banana contains 2 XE. At one time, a diabetic should not eat more than 7 XE. Each grain unit raises blood sugar by 2.5 mmol/l, and a unit of insulin lowers it by 2.2 mmol/l.

Health food for type 1 or type 2 diabetes

With type 2 diabetes and the absence of excess weight, the caloric content of the diet is not limited. It is important to reduce the number of carbohydrates that affect blood sugar. To do this, you should follow simple rules:

give preference to food containing plant fibers (vegetables);
reduce cooking to a minimum;
exclude sugar and various sweets from the diet;
eat fractionally small portions (5 times a day).

Type 2 diabetes, accompanied by overweight, requires caloric restriction of the diet. Getting rid of just 5 extra pounds, you can significantly improve your well-being. For the convenience of dieting, all products can be divided into three groups:

In type 1 diabetes, it is important to prevent a rise in blood sugar. The list of allowed foods for this disease includes: whole grain pastries, cereals without oil, vegetable or light meat broths, low-fat fish and seafood, vegetables and unsweetened fruits, low-fat sour-milk products, dried fruits and honey in minimal quantities.

Banned for this type of diabetes: sweets and pickles, smoked meats and fatty soups, fried meats and fatty dairy products, sugary drinks, fruits (bananas, peaches, grapes), potatoes, confectionery and pastries.

How to calculate the glycemic index of foods

The glycemic index (GI) is responsible for the ability of foods to raise blood sugar levels. The slower carbohydrates are digested (low GI), the lower the risk of high blood sugar. All food products are divided into 3 groups:

low GI (from 0 to 55);
medium (56-69);
high (from 7 to 100).

The GI is affected not only by the product itself, but also by the way it is prepared. For example, the glycemic index of raw vegetables is lower than that of stewed vegetables.

High and low GI foods

Knowing the GI of a product, you can reduce the level of sugar in the blood and prevent its further increase. For convenience, when compiling the diet of a patient with diabetes, you can use the table:

Low GI foods (0 to 55)
Rice (unpeeled, basmati)	50
Orange, kiwi, mango	50
Grapefruit, coconut	45
Pasta (from durum wheat)	40
carrot juice	40
Dried fruits	40
Apple, plum, quince, pomegranate, peach	35
natural yogurt	35
Tomato juice, fresh tomato	30
Apricot, pear, tangerine	30
Barley, lentils, green beans	30
Fat-free cottage cheese, milk	30
bitter chocolate	30
Cherry, raspberry, currant, strawberry, gooseberry	25
pumpkin seeds	25
Eggplant	20
Broccoli, white cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, celery, cucumber, asparagus, zucchini, onion, spinach	15
Mushrooms	15
nuts	15
Bran	15
leaf lettuce	10
Avocado	10
Parsley, basil	5
Medium GI foods (56 to 69)
Wheat flour	65
Preserves, jams, marmalade	65
Whole grain, black yeast and rye bread	65
jacket potatoes	65
Pickled vegetables	65
Banana	60
Ice cream	60
Mayonnaise	60
Buckwheat, oatmeal, long grain rice	60
Grape	55
Spaghetti	55
shortbread cookies	55
Ketchup	55
High GI foods (70 to 100)
White bread	100
muffin	95
Baked potato	95
Honey	90
Instant porridge	85
Carrots (stewed or boiled)	85
Mashed potatoes	85
Muesli	80
Pumpkin, watermelon, melon	75
Sugar	70
milk chocolate	70
Sweet drinks with gas	70
A pineapple	70
White rice, semolina, millet, noodles	70

The rate of glucose breakdown also depends on age, physiological characteristics of a person, physical activity, and even the region of residence. Therefore, when calculating the GI, you should consult with your doctor.

Diet No. 9 was created taking into account the peculiarities of the absorption of carbohydrates by patients with diabetes mellitus. Helps normalize carbohydrate metabolism:

reduction of calorie intake to 2200-2400 kcal;
restriction of carbohydrates to 300 gr. per day, protein up to 100 gr., and fat - up to 70 gr.;
compliance with the drinking regime (2.5 liters of free fluid per day).

For dietary meat dishes, lean meats are used, fish and poultry are steamed. For garnish, fresh and stewed vegetables are preferred, from dairy products - low-fat kefir, yogurt and cottage cheese, bread - rye or with bran. Fruits are consumed both fresh and in the form of compotes, jelly and fruit drinks prepared with the addition of sweeteners.

Easy Diabetic Recipes

The diet for diabetes should be balanced and complete. For example, you can cook lush fish cakes, vitamin salad and an original diabetic dessert.

Pike perch cutlets

Ingredients:

pike perch fillet - 200 gr.;
egg - 1 pc.;
white bread - 50 gr.;
milk - 50 ml;
butter - 10 gr.,
salt and herbs to taste.

Cooking:

Grind the fillet in a meat grinder;
Add bread soaked in milk;
Enter softened butter, salt and herbs;
Cook the formed cutlets for a couple of 15 minutes.

Carrot and kohlrabi salad

Ingredients:

100 gr. kohlrabi and carrots;
20 ml. oils (vegetable);
salt to taste.

Cooking:

Grate the peeled vegetables on a coarse grater, salt, mix and pour over with oil.

fruit yogurt

To prepare a simple and delicious dessert, you will need the following products:

300 ml. homemade curdled milk;
200 gr. berries (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries);
sweetener.

Cooking:

Whisk all ingredients in a blender and serve garnished with berries.

Menu for a week with diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is not a sentence that excludes favorite foods from the patient's diet. Using the recommendations of nutritionists regarding the principles of nutrition in diabetes, you can create not only a healthy, but also a tasty menu for a week. For example:

Time/day of the week	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
Breakfast	180 gr. fat-free cottage cheese with berries, a piece of bread and tea	70 gr. millet porridge with 2 tablespoons of carrot salad and a glass of tea	70 gr. buckwheat with 2 tablespoons of vegetable salad, bread and jelly;	carrot and apple salad (65 gr.), 2 slices of bread and a cup of milk	beetroot salad (65 gr.), 50 gr. barley, a piece of bread and a glass of tea	a glass of low-fat kefir	70 gr. millet with carrot salad (70 gr.), a slice of bread and tea
2nd breakfast	kefir	a cup of jelly and tangerine	a cup of tea and 2-3 plums	a glass of mineral water and an apple	a cup of tea and an apple	unsweetened apple	kefir
Dinner	200 ml borscht, 120 gr. boiled beef, a glass of dried fruit compote	100 gr. roast, 3 tbsp. green peas, bread, compote	steam cutlet (70 gr.) with vegetable stew (100 gr.), bread and a glass of compote	200 gr. vegetable soup, 3 tbsp. buckwheat and 120 gr. goulash, a glass of jelly	portion of cabbage soup (200 gr.), 120 gr. oatmeal with stewed zucchini (70 gr.), a slice of bread and a glass of berry juice or compote	chicken fillet (120 gr.) with a portion of buckwheat (60 gr.), green peas (3 tablespoons), bread and a cup of tea	steam fish (120 gr.) with zucchini caviar (70 gr.), bread and tea
afternoon tea	a glass of decoction of rose hips	cup of tea and orange	berry jelly (50 gr.) and a cup of tea	100 gr. fruit salad and a cup of tea	100 gr. fruit salad and mineral water	30 gr. crackers with half a glass of pineapple juice	120 gr. fat-free cottage cheese
Dinner	150 gr. steam fish with 3 tbsp. barley, a portion of vegetable salad (65 gr.) And a cup of tea	portion of buckwheat (150 gr.) with vegetable salad (65 gr.) and a slice of bread, 30 gr. crackers and half a glass of orange juice	70 gr. barley, 120 gr. boiled chicken, vegetable salad (65 gr.), bread and berry juice	60 gr. millet porridge with fish schnitzel (100 gr.), a slice of bread and a mug of tea	200 gr. barley with squash caviar (50 gr.) and a cup of tea	stewed cabbage (150 gr.), vegetable salad (65 gr.), cheesecake and a cup of tea	fish cutlet (100 gr.) with 4 tbsp. barley, cabbage salad (65 gr.) And a glass of berry juice
2nd dinner	kefir and orange	grapefruit	a glass of low-fat kefir and an apple	100 gr. cottage cheese and a glass of tea	a glass of low-fat kefir	2nd dinner: kefir and berry jelly (50 gr.)	low-fat kefir

The calorie content of such a diet does not exceed 2200-2400 kcal, which allows you to control not only blood sugar, but also weight.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a pathology of the endocrine apparatus, in which there is a reduced sensitivity of cells and tissues of the body to insulin (the hormone of the islets of Langerhans-Sobolev of the pancreas) with its sufficient synthesis. The result is high blood sugar and disruption of all types of metabolism.

To effectively contain the manifestation of the disease, you must follow the rules of diet therapy (medical nutrition). The main goal is to keep the glucose level not higher than 5.6 mmol / l and the indicators of glycated hemoglobin in the range of 6-6.5%, reduce body weight, and reduce the load on the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. What can you eat with type 2 diabetes and a sample menu is discussed below.

Nutrition Features

As a rule, patients are advised to adhere to table number 9, however, the attending specialist can make an individual correction of the diet, based on the state of compensation for endocrine pathology, the patient's body weight, body characteristics, and the presence of complications.

The basic principles of nutrition are as follows:

the ratio of "building" material - used / w / y - 60:25:15;
the daily calorie count is calculated by the attending physician or nutritionist;
sugar is excluded from the diet, sweeteners can be used (sorbitol, fructose, xylitol, stevia extract, maple syrup);
a sufficient amount of vitamins and trace elements should be supplied, since they are massively excreted due to polyuria;
indicators of consumed animal fats are halved;
reduce fluid intake to 1.5 l, salt to 6 g;
frequent fractional meals (presence of snacks between main meals).

Important! There are special tables that indicate the calorie content, chemical composition and glycemic index of products, on the basis of which it is necessary to draw up an individual menu.

Allowed Products

When asked about what you can eat on a diet for type 2 diabetes, a nutritionist will answer that the emphasis is on vegetables, fruits, dairy and meat products. It is not necessary to completely exclude carbohydrates from the diet, since they perform a number of important functions (building, energy, reserve, regulatory). It is simply necessary to limit rapidly digestible monosaccharides and give preference to polysaccharides (substances that have a large amount of fiber in their composition and slowly increase blood glucose).

Bakery and flour products

Permitted products are those in the manufacture of which "did not participate" wheat flour of the highest and first grade. Its calorie content is 334 kcal, and the GI (glycemic index) indicators are 95, which automatically translates the dish into the section of prohibited foods for diabetes.

Wholemeal bread - the basis of diet therapy for diabetes

rye flour;
bran;
wheat flour of the second grade;
buckwheat flour (in combination with any of the above).

Important! Whole wheat flour is the best option. It contains a significant amount of useful substances and minerals, from which polished varieties are “cleared”, and has low GI values.

Unsweetened crackers, crispbread, biscuits, unsweetened pastries are considered permitted products. The group of non-baking pastries includes those products in the manufacture of which eggs, margarine, and fatty additives are not used.

The simplest dough from which you can make pies, muffins, rolls for diabetics is prepared as follows. It is necessary to dilute 30 g of yeast in warm water. Combine with 1 kg of rye flour, 1.5 tbsp. water, a pinch of salt and 2 tbsp. vegetable fat. Once the dough has risen in a warm place, it can be used for baking.

These products for type 2 diabetes are considered the most "hot" because they have a low calorie content and low GI (with the exception of some). All green vegetables (zucchini, zucchini, cabbage, lettuce, cucumbers) can be used boiled, stewed, for cooking first courses and side dishes.

Vegetables - representatives with the lowest GI

Pumpkin, tomatoes, onions, peppers are also desired foods. They contain a significant amount of antioxidants that bind free radicals, vitamins, pectins, flavonoids. For example, tomatoes contain a significant amount of the substance lycopene, which has an antitumor effect. Onions are able to strengthen the body's defenses, have a positive effect on the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, removing excess cholesterol from the body.

Cabbage can be used not only in stew, but also in sauerkraut. Its main advantage is the reduction of blood glucose levels.

However, there are vegetables, the use of which must be limited (it is not necessary to refuse at all):

carrot;
potato;
beet.

Important! They are able to increase their GI when heat treated. For example, raw carrots have a GI of 35, while cooked carrots can go up to 80.

Fruits and berries

These are useful products, but it is not recommended to use them in kilograms. The following are considered safe:

cherry;
sweet cherry;
grapefruit;
lemon;
unsweetened varieties of apples and pears;
pomegranate;
sea buckthorn;
gooseberry;
mango;
a pineapple.

Berries and fruits - products that positively affect the body of a diabetic

Experts advise eating no more than 200 g at a time. The composition of fruits and berries includes a significant amount of essential acids for the body, pectins, fiber, ascorbic acid. All these substances are useful for diabetics in that they are able to protect against the development of chronic complications of the underlying disease and slow down their progression.

In addition, berries and fruits normalize the functioning of the intestinal tract, restore and strengthen the defenses, cheer up, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Preference is given to low-fat varieties, both meat and fish. The amount of meat in the diet is subject to strict dosage (no more than 150 g per day). This will prevent the undesirable development of complications that may occur against the background of endocrine pathology.

The best possible options are rabbit meat, chicken and beef. They have a sufficient amount of protein combined with a low level of lipids. In addition, beef can have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the pancreas, remove toxins from the body.

If we talk about what you can eat from sausages, here preference is given to dietary and boiled varieties. Smoked products in this case are not recommended. By-products are allowed, but in limited quantities.

From fish you can eat:

pollock;
trout;
salmon;
zander;
perch;
crucian.

Meat and fish are sources of useful vitamins and minerals

Important! Fish must be baked, boiled, stewed. In salted and fried form, it is better to limit or exclude altogether.

Eggs and dairy products

Eggs are considered a storehouse of vitamins (A, E, C, D) and unsaturated fatty acids. With type 2 diabetes, no more than 2 pieces per day are allowed, it is advisable to eat only proteins. Quail eggs, although small in size, are superior in their useful properties to the chicken product. They do not have cholesterol, which is especially good for sick people, and can be used raw.

Milk is a permitted product containing a significant amount of magnesium, phosphates, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and other macro- and microelements. It is recommended to consume up to 400 ml of medium-fat milk per day. Fresh milk is not recommended for use in the diet for type 2 diabetes, as it can provoke a jump in blood sugar.

Kefir, curdled milk and cottage cheese should be consumed rationally, controlling carbohydrate levels. Preference is given to low-fat varieties.

cereals

The name of the cereal	GI indicators	Properties
Buckwheat	55	It has a beneficial effect on blood counts, contains a significant amount of fiber and iron
corn	70	A high-calorie product, but it contains mainly polysaccharides. It has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, improves the sensitivity of cells to insulin, supports the work of the visual analyzer
Millet	71	Prevents the development of pathology of the heart and blood vessels, removes toxins and excess cholesterol from the body, normalizes blood pressure
Barley	22	Reduces blood sugar, reduces the load on the pancreas, restores the processes of the spread of excitation along the nerve fibers
barley	50	Removes excess cholesterol, strengthens the body's defenses, normalizes the digestive tract
Wheat	45	Helps reduce blood glucose levels, stimulates the digestive tract, improves the functioning of the nervous system
Rice	50-70	Brown rice is preferred due to its lower GI. It has a positive effect on the functioning of the nervous system, it contains essential amino acids
oatmeal	40	Has a significant amount of antioxidants in the composition, normalizes liver function, reduces blood cholesterol levels

Important! White rice should be limited in the diet, and semolina should be completely abandoned due to their high GI numbers.

Beverages

As for juices, home-made drinks should be preferred. Store-bought juices have a large amount of preservatives and sugar in the composition. The use of freshly squeezed drinks from the following products is shown:

blueberry;
tomatoes;
lemon;
potato;
pomegranate.

Regular consumption of mineral waters contributes to the normalization of the digestive tract. With type 2 diabetes, you can drink water without gas. It can be a dining room, a dining-medical or a healing-mineral one.

Mineral non-carbonated water - a drink that positively affects the functioning of the intestinal tract

Tea, coffee with milk, herbal teas are acceptable drinks if they do not contain sugar. As for alcohol, its use is unacceptable, since in the non-insulin-dependent form jumps in blood glucose are unpredictable, and alcoholic beverages can cause the development of delayed hypoglycemia and accelerate the onset of complications of the underlying disease.

Menu for the day

Breakfast: cottage cheese with unsweetened apples, tea with milk.

Snack: baked apple or orange.

Lunch: borscht in vegetable broth, fish casserole, apple and cabbage salad, bread, rosehip broth.

Snack: carrot salad with prunes.

Dinner: buckwheat with mushrooms, a slice of bread, a glass of blueberry juice.

Snack: a glass of kefir.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease that has a formidable name, however, following the recommendations of specialists and diet therapy can maintain the patient's quality of life at a high level. What foods to include in the diet is the individual choice of each patient. The attending physician and nutritionist will help you adjust the menu, choose those dishes that can provide the body with the necessary organic substances, vitamins, and microelements.

Last update: April 18, 2018

The basis of the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes is dietary nutrition, which is aimed at maintaining an optimal level of glucose in the blood and reducing the patient's body weight. The general condition and course of the disease depends on the proper organization of the nutrition of a diabetic. Therefore, before choosing products for the daily menu, you need to visit an endocrinologist who will tell you what you can eat on a diet for type 2 diabetes.

Features of dietary nutrition

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a decrease in the susceptibility of all body tissues to the influence of insulin, because of this, the glucose level rises significantly, which has negative consequences for human health. The purpose of the diet is to reduce the patient's body fat mass and restore tissue sensitivity to the action of insulin. Dietary nutrition becomes an integral part of the life of a diabetic, which he must adhere to throughout his life. This will not be particularly difficult, the patient just needs to learn how to choose the right foods and in the future he will know what to eat with a disease, and why it is better to refuse.

Diet principles:

In the diet of a diabetic, it is necessary to limit the calorie content of dishes, but at the same time maintain their energy value for the body.
The energy value of the diet should correspond to the amount of energy spent per day.
To normalize metabolism, food intake occurs at the same time.
During the day, it is important to organize up to six meals, in each of which you need to reduce the portion size.
Light fruit snacks are a must throughout the day.
Carbohydrates in the afternoon are reduced to a minimum.
When compiling the menu, a variety of products are used, but taking into account their glycemic index.
For fast satiety, vegetables and fruits with a high content of dietary fiber from the list of allowed foods are used.
Restriction of salt in the diet to 4-5 g, to remove excess fluid.
Exclusion of alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
Gentle cooking of products without the addition of refined fats.
The use of sweeteners in strictly normalized doses.
When choosing bakery products, it is necessary to give preference to products made from dark flour with the addition of bran.

Features of a balanced diet in diabetes:

A prerequisite for the constant maintenance of insulin in the blood throughout the day is a full nutritious breakfast.
Each meal should begin with the use of vegetable salads, this will help restore fat metabolism and normalize body weight.
A few hours before bedtime, exclude meals, as metabolic processes slow down at night.
Eat dishes only at room or cool temperature, for the digestion of such dishes, calorie consumption increases.
In each serving of food, there should be an optimal ratio of proteins and healthy fats, this helps to slow down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
Allowed types of liquids should be drunk at least 20 minutes before the start of the meal, and 30 minutes after the meal.
When preparing cutlets, it is preferable to use chopped oatmeal, rather than baked goods made from white flour.
Diet foods should not be subjected to additional frying with the addition of flour, as this increases their glycemic index.
If raw fruits and vegetables are not well tolerated by the digestive tract, bake them in the oven or in the microwave.
Eat in small portions until the body is not completely saturated.

In no case do not allow overeating, it slows down the absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract

For each patient, the endocrinologist adjusts the menu, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism and the severity of the disease, but table No. 9 remains the basis for dietary nutrition.

How to Choose Low Glycemic Foods

GI - reflects the effect of the product on the body by its ability to increase glucose levels. In the diet of a diabetic patient, it is necessary to include products with a low or medium GI in the diet, this will allow the blood sugar level to stabilize for a longer period.

List of allowed products and ready meals

When compiling a diet, the patient must take into account what properties and calorie content the prepared dishes are endowed with, therefore, for their manufacture, it is necessary to choose only healthy products from natural raw materials.

So, the insulin-dependent type of diabetes requires strict control of the amount of carbohydrates consumed per day, since it is important to take into account the glycemic index of foods when administering insulin. For the organization of dietary nutrition, it is the rational choice of products for type 2 diabetes mellitus that will help to effectively establish the functioning of internal organs, thereby significantly improving the patient's well-being.

Some vegetables help control sugar levels in the body.

List of what you can eat with type 2 diabetes without limitation:

Vegetables. They contain fiber, which has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes: cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, greens.
Berries and fruits. Help to control a constant level of glucose in the blood: lemon, quince, avocado, kiwi.
Seafood, fish. It is preferable to choose dietary fish that have a low fat content: shrimp, crabs, sea bass, hake, flounder.
Sour-milk products with low fat content: kefir, mild types of cheese, curdled milk, cottage cheese.
Loose cereals. They saturate the body with useful substances and contribute to the long-term normalization of blood sugar levels: buckwheat, corn, brown rice, millet).
Beverages. It is recommended to use tea based on medicinal herbs: blueberry leaves, valerian root, St. John's wort, motherwort).

The patient should monitor blood sugar levels every 2 hours after eating, this will help to detect foods that cause significant fluctuations in glucose.

What you can eat on a diet with type 2 diabetes in limited quantities and with caution:

bakery products made from dark flour;
potato;
carrot;
corn;
bananas;
a pineapple;
hot spices;
fish and meat broths;
offal;
cereals;
milk;
coffee;
eggs;
sweets based on fructose.

The products allowed for the disease have a fairly wide range, this will allow the patient to diversify the daily diet and fill it with a sufficient amount of useful substances.

In order for the patient to easily follow the diet, it is recommended to have a memo in which there will be a table of which foods and in what quantity can be consumed in diabetes:

Prohibited foods and dishes

Before starting a diet, you need to pay attention to which foods are strictly prohibited for diabetics.

Products for diabetes with absolute contraindications:

refined fats;
fatty broths;
canned meat;
smoked meats;
alcoholic drinks;
sweets with cream and margarine;
baking with white flour;
sausage products;
semolina;
White rice;
sugar.

A complete rejection of carbohydrates is not necessary, since they are important elements for the full functioning of the body. It is enough to correctly calculate the daily rate of carbohydrates consumed, depending on the individual needs of a person.

How to replace unhealthy foods with healthy ones

In diabetes, it is forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, as they contribute to the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of sugar-lowering drugs. In cooking, there are a large number of products that, due to their pronounced taste, are not inferior to harmful counterparts.

Wheat flour

Wheat flour is a high-calorie product that is obtained by grinding wheat grains. It promotes weight gain, and therefore is contraindicated for diabetics. However, some people find it difficult to give up flour, as it is part of many delicious dishes. Endocrinologists recommend replacing flour with less high-calorie counterparts. Grinding buckwheat or corn grits on a coffee grinder, we can get flour from them at home.

Crisps

Most of the population is not averse to eating chips, especially when watching their favorite movies or TV shows. You can replace the harmful product with dried banana slices or sprouted grain bread, which have many flavors, like chips.

Sweets

When following a diet, it is most difficult to give up chocolate products, and sometimes breaking the ban by eating sweets takes over. The main harm of chocolate products in diabetes is that they contain fast-digesting carbohydrates, as a result of which the glucose level rises significantly. You can replace sweets with dried fruits, at the moment a wide range of useful analogues is presented. At home, you can make diet sweets, for this you need to chop dried apricots, dates, prunes and walnuts, then mix them and bread them in a small amount of sesame seeds.

Characteristics of diets for illness

For overweight type 2 diabetics, a low-carbohydrate diet will be most effective. If followed, after 6 months, you can achieve low blood sugar levels and reduce the use of medications. This food is able to cover all the energy costs of the body, even for people leading an active lifestyle.

A low-carbohydrate diet helps to normalize blood pressure and reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood as early as 14 days after the start

The most effective low carb diets.

classical

A rather strict diet that came to us from the 20th century, one of its brightest representatives is diet table number 9. It is characterized by a balanced diet, which is well suited for insulin-dependent type of diabetes.

Modern

The main principles of current diets is to take into account the individual characteristics of each patient, which allows you to diversify the menu with various products. The diet does not provide for strict bans on certain types of products; this brought previously prohibited products into the daily diet. When compiling a diet, they are guided by the factor of eating simple carbohydrates containing a large amount of fiber. However, it should be noted that this type of nutrition is not universal, it is possible only on an individual basis, taking into account the degree of compensation for the disease.

Glycemic

The diet is provided for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to prevent a sharp change in the concentration of insulin in the blood. The main rule is to reduce the amount of food consumed high in simple carbohydrates. Therapeutic nutrition contributes to weight loss, which is relevant for this type of diabetes. It is contraindicated in patients in childhood, as well as in the presence of renal pathologies.

Mayo Clinic

The developed nutrition system is designed to reduce the caloric content of consumed dishes, which helps to normalize body weight and lower blood glucose levels. The diet of a diabetic is dominated by vegetables rich in fiber, from which a dietary soup is prepared that helps burn fat. The secret to fat-burning vegetable broth lies in the addition of hot peppers. Soup consumption is not limited, it can be eaten throughout the day, adding fresh fruit to each meal.

What foods can replace sugar

All sweeteners can be divided into 2 main groups:

Natural. They are quite high in calories, so this must be taken into account when using them. Not recommended for type 2 diabetes: fructose, stevia, sorbitol, xylitol).
Artificial. Derivatives of various chemicals: saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame).

The abuse of sweeteners leads to a toxic effect on the entire body as a whole.

stevia

This plant, whose leaves are used as a dietary supplement, is the most harmless natural sweetener for type 2 diabetes, as it does not contain calories. The plant matter can be added to prepared meals or used in cooking. It does not increase blood glucose levels, therefore it is safe for diabetics.

Saccharin

Available as a white powder, soluble in water. If you use saccharin when boiling, then it acquires a bitter aftertaste, so it is dissolved in warm water. Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, can accumulate in organs and tissues in high concentrations. Saccharin is used in small doses and in combination with other sugar substitutes.

The choice of products for a diet for diabetes should be carried out taking into account the stage of the disease and in the presence of concomitant pathologies, since, depending on the severity of the symptoms, either an expansion of the diet or its strict restriction is possible.

When blood sugar is regularly elevated, it is necessary to radically change the nutrition system. For type 2 diabetics, the diet will serve as the main therapy and in old age will save a person from the negative consequences of a "sweet" disease. Often, a person encounters this type of diabetes after the age of 40, and then the question arises - what to eat with diabetes? First you need to know the principle of choosing products.

There is a special table of products with a low glycemic index (GI), which do not affect the increase in blood glucose concentration. The GI measures how quickly glucose enters the body from eating a food or drink. The list of products allowed in the patient's menu is extensive, which allows you to prepare a variety of delicious dishes every day.

Since diet therapy plays an important role in the life of a diabetic, you should thoroughly study the information about what to eat with type 2 diabetes, the list of allowed and prohibited foods, which menu will help reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Glycemic index of foods

If you have diabetes, you need to eat foods with a glycemic index of up to 49 units inclusive. It is these products that should be included in the daily menu of the patient. Food and drinks, whose index ranges from 50 to 69 units, are allowed in the diet up to three times a week, and not more than 150 grams. However, if the disease is in the acute stage, then they will need to be excluded until the state of human health stabilizes.

It is strictly forbidden to eat foods with diabetes mellitus 2 with a high glycemic index, from 70 units and above. They dramatically increase blood sugar, provoking the development of hyperglycemia and other dangerous complications in various body functions.

In some cases, the GI may increase. For example, during heat treatment, carrots and beets lose their fiber, and their index increases to a high one, but when fresh, they have an index of 15 units. It is contraindicated for diabetics to drink fruit and berry juices and nectars, even if they had a low index when fresh. The fact is that with this method of processing, fruits and berries lose fiber, and glucose enters the bloodstream very quickly. Just 100 milliliters of juice can increase performance by 4 mmol / l.

But GI is not the only criterion for choosing products on the patient's menu. So, you need to pay attention to:

glycemic index of products;
caloric content;
content of nutrients.

The choice of products for diabetes according to this principle promises the patient to reduce the disease to “no” and protect the body from the negative effects of endocrine system failure.

Choice of cereals

Sugar level

Cereals are healthy products that saturate the body with a vitamin-mineral complex and give a feeling of satiety for a long time, due to the presence of complexly digested carbohydrates. However, not all cereals can benefit a diabetic.

You also need to know how to cook them properly. First, the thicker the porridge, the higher its glycemic value. But it rises by only a few units from the declared indicator in the table.

Secondly, it is better to eat porridge with diabetes without butter, replacing it with olive oil. If milk cereals are being prepared, then the ratio of water and milk is taken one to one. This will not affect the taste in any way, but the calorie content of the finished dish will decrease.

The list of varieties of croup acceptable for SD:

barley grits;
pearl barley;
buckwheat;
bulgur;
spelt;
wheat porridge;
oatmeal;
brown (brown), red, wild and basmati rice.

Corn porridge (mamaliga), semolina, white rice will have to be abandoned. These grains have a high GI and can cause an increase in blood glucose.

Pearl barley has the lowest index, about 22 units.

The rice varieties listed in the list have an index of 50 units, while they are much healthier than white rice due to the fact that such a cereal contains a grain shell rich in dietary fiber and minerals.

Meat, fish, seafood

These products for diabetes are important due to the content of easily digestible animal proteins. They give the body energy, contribute to the formation of muscle mass and are involved in the interaction of insulin and glucose.

Patients eat lean meats and fish, after removing the remnants of fat and skin from them. Seafood should be eaten at least twice a week - there are no restrictions on their choice.

For the preparation of broths, it is better not to use meat, but to add it already ready to the dish. If, nevertheless, soups are cooked on meat broth, then only on a lean second, that is, after the first boil of the meat, the water is drained and already on the second the process of preparing the soup begins.

The permitted types of meat include the following:

chicken;
quail;
turkey;
beef;
rabbit meat
veal;
venison.

Meat products excluded from the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus:

pork;
duck;
mutton;
nutria.

An adult with a “sweet” disease needs to fully saturate the body with iron, which is responsible for the process of hematopoiesis. This element is found in large quantities in by-products (liver, heart), which are not prohibited in diabetes.

In type 2 diabetes, the body receives less vital vitamins and minerals due to metabolic failures. Fish will help you get saturated with phosphorus and fatty acids.

It is boiled, baked, used for cooking first courses and salads. Although endocrinologists insist on choosing lean varieties, fatty fish is occasionally allowed on the menu, as it is rich in fatty acids, therefore it is indispensable for women's health.

limonella;
perch;
pollock;
pike;
flounder;
cod;
saithe;
mackerel;
zander.

It is useful to eat boiled seafood at least once a week - shrimp, mussels, squid.

Vegetables

What to feed a diabetic is not an easy question, but patients need to know for sure that vegetables should take up to 50% of the total amount of food. They have a large amount of fiber, which slows down the absorption of glucose.

You need to eat vegetables for breakfast, lunch and dinner, fresh, salted and thermally processed. It is better to choose seasonal products, they contain vitamins to a greater extent. With diabetes, the table of vegetables with a low index is extensive and this allows you to cook many delicious dishes - salads, side dishes, stews, casseroles, ratatouille and many others.

What is forbidden to eat with diabetes is pumpkin, corn, boiled carrots, celery and beets, potatoes. Unfortunately, the beloved potato is unacceptable for a diabetic diet due to an index of 85 units. To reduce this indicator, there is one trick - cut the peeled tubers into pieces and soak in cool water for at least three hours.

List of allowed products:

zucchini, eggplant, patisson;
leeks, onions, purple onions;
all varieties of cabbage - white, red, Chinese, Beijing, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kohlrabi;
legumes - peas, beans, asparagus, chickpeas;
garlic;
green, red, Bulgarian and chili peppers;
any varieties of mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, boletus, chanterelles, champignons;
radish, Jerusalem artichoke;
tomato;
cucumber.

You can add herbs to food, their index is not higher than 15 units - parsley, dill, basil, cilantro, lettuce, oregano.

Fruits and berries

What to feed those with type 2 diabetes for dessert? Fruits and berries will help solve this issue. They are used to prepare the most healthy natural desserts without sugar - marmalade, jelly, jam, candied fruits and much more.

Patients with diabetes must be fed daily with fruits, they will increase immunity, help normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract. But with this type of product, be careful, because with their increased consumption, blood glucose can rise.

In type 2 diabetes, a number of berries and fruits should be excluded due to their high GI. It is also necessary to know how many times, and in what quantity, these products are allowed to be taken. The daily norm will be up to 250 grams, it is better to plan a meal in the morning.

A complete list of "safe" foods for diabetes:

apples, pears;
blueberry, blackberry, mulberry, pomegranate;
red, black currant;
strawberries, strawberries, raspberries;
Cherry;
plum;
apricot, nectarine, peaches;
gooseberry;
all types of citrus fruits - lemon, orange, tangerines, grapefruit, pomelo;
rosehip, juniper.

What foods cause an increase in blood glucose:

watermelon;
melon;
persimmon;
banana;
a pineapple;
kiwi.

All allowed and prohibited foods for diabetes of any type are described above.

Healthy Recipes

These recipes for diabetics with the first and second type can be prepared daily. All dishes consist of products with low GI, which made it possible to use them in diet therapy.

The most common question is if diabetes is what to eat for snacks, because food should be low-calorie and at the same time, satisfy the feeling of hunger. Usually, they eat vegetable or fruit salads, sour-milk products, sandwiches from dietary bread for an afternoon snack.

It also happens that all day there is no time to fully eat, then high-calorie, but at the same time low GI nuts - cashews, hazelnuts, pistachios, peanuts, walnuts and pine nuts will come to the rescue. Their daily norm will be up to 50 grams.

Salads that reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood can be prepared from Jerusalem artichoke (earth pear). For the salad "summer mood" you will need the following ingredients:

two Jerusalem artichokes, about 150 grams;
one cucumber;
one carrot;
daikon - 100 grams;
a few sprigs of parsley and dill;
olive oil for salad dressing.

Rinse Jerusalem artichoke under running water and rub with a sponge to remove the peel. Cucumber and Jerusalem artichoke cut into strips, carrots, rub the daikon like Korean carrots, mix all the ingredients, salt and season with oil.

Having made such a salad once, it will forever become a favorite dish of the whole family.

Also, these diets are suitable for those whose non-insulin-dependent type of diabetes was caused by the presence of overweight. If the patient still feels hungry, then you can expand the menu with light snacks (food attachments), for example, 50 grams of nuts or seeds, 100 grams of tofu cheese, tea with diet bread will be a good option.

First day:

for breakfast, serve a slice of rye bread, coffee with cream.
snack - tea, two dietary loaves, 100 grams of tofu;
lunch - pea soup, boiled chicken, pearl barley, cucumber, oatmeal jelly;
snack - two dietary loaves, 50 grams of slightly salted red fish, coffee with cream;
dinner - milk oatmeal with dried apricots, 150 grams of cherries.

Second day:

breakfast - stewed cabbage, liver cutlet, tea;
snack - fruit salad (apple, strawberry, orange, pomegranate), serving will be 200 - 250 grams;
lunch - soup with wheat groats, durum wheat pasta casserole with chicken, tomato, coffee with cream;
snack - 50 grams of walnuts, one apple;
dinner - steamed limonella, buckwheat, tea.

Third day:

breakfast - seafood and vegetable salad, a slice of rye bread, tea;
snack - 200 grams of any fruit, 100 grams of fat-free cottage cheese;
lunch - borsch on tomato without beets, basmati rice pilaf, herbal decoction;
snack - vegetable salad with Jerusalem artichoke, coffee with cream;
dinner - an omelette with vegetables, a slice of rye bread, tea.

Fourth day:

breakfast - barley porridge, boiled beef, cabbage salad, tea;
snack - 150 grams of cottage cheese, pear;
lunch - hodgepodge, vegetable stew, turkey cutlets, a slice of rye bread, tea;
snack - an apple, two fructose cookies, coffee with cream;
dinner - milk oatmeal with prunes and dried apricots, a handful of cashews or other nuts, tea.

In order to bring blood sugar back to normal, in addition to the nutrition properly selected by the endocrinologist, take time for any of the types. Regular moderate physical activity perfectly fights high concentrations of glucose in the blood. If there is an exacerbation of the course of the disease, then sports should be agreed with the doctor.

The video in this article provides information on diet #9 for high blood sugar.

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Elevated glucose in the body is a systemic endocrine disease. The phenomenon is associated with a decrease in insulin production due to the occurrence of a pathological autoimmune process, a decrease in the susceptibility of insulin receptors in organic tissues. As a result, the level of glucose in the blood rises. For this reason, patients with diabetes need to eat only types of food allowed for diabetes. The list of restrictions imposed by diabetes, what can and cannot be eaten, a table of recommended and not recommended foods are listed below in this material.

General rules

People with diabetes need to eat strictly defined food due to the fact that this disease is associated with metabolic disorders, and therefore the state of the body directly depends on what the diabetic eats. The disease of the first form occurs during an autoimmune process, when beta cells die in the pancreas.

In conditions of a lack of an enzyme that beta cells produce, sugar accumulates. Regarding what you can not eat with type 2 diabetes, it is important to consider that it is important to exclude food with a significant mass of sugars in the composition, some other. Insulin injections are also prescribed for type 1 diabetes.

The situation is more difficult with the fact that you can eat with type 2 diabetes. In this case, the production of insulin occurs normally. But the receptors in the tissues that are supposed to bind to insulin do not function. However, the pancreas receives a signal about too little insulin, it generates it. A lot of "useless" insulin accumulates in the patient's blood. Therefore, there is a list of what you can not eat with this disease, because this food contributes to increased production of insulin.

Products for type 2 diabetes should not only have a small GC (glycemic index), but also be low in calories. It is with this type of disease that diabetics gain excess weight (and vice versa, excess weight can cause the disease). Therefore, often, patients have to follow a low-calorie diet. What to eat with diabetes in this case, the doctor will recommend.

First form

Products prohibited in diabetes in this case are few. This form of the disease is insulin-dependent, the patient only needs to carefully monitor the glucose content and inject insulin in a timely manner. However, there are still some limitations:

Healthy foods for type 1 diabetes are those that contain a minimum of carbohydrates;
No more than 60% per day of the consumed nutrients should be carbohydrates;
Butter sweet pastries also cannot be eaten with type 1 diabetes;
Exclude all sweet foods for diabetes (including those that are not prepared with sugar, but with its substitutes);
Soda and purchased juices from packages are harmful products for this type of diabetes;
Do not eat pure sugar in type 1 diabetes.

In a small list of what foods are not allowed for diabetes in an insulin-dependent form, those foods that can cause significant jumps in sugar volume are placed. As a result, an increased amount of insulin is required. All this has a negative impact, and therefore it is better for people with this disease to avoid this food.

Until recently, it was believed that it is useful for type 1 diabetes to reduce fat intake to 5% per day. However, recent studies by American endocrinologists have shown that this does not make sense. The same applies to the question of whether it is possible to eat spicy and fried, these are dishes that can be eaten. However, fried products have a negative effect on the state of blood vessels, therefore they should not be used after a stroke in diabetes mellitus, as well as with problems with the cardiovascular system.

Body weight in the second form

As mentioned above, the diet for type 2 diabetes is largely dependent on body weight. It is important to carefully control it. After all, the receptors that bind to insulin are located mainly in the tissue of fatty deposits. With its excessive growth, they are damaged, destroyed. And this can lead to type 2 diabetes.

Also on its own, type 2 diabetes can cause weight gain by experiencing an almost permanent voice. For this reason, the list of products for type 2 diabetes is formed by the physician, taking into account whether or not the patient needs to lose weight.

However, a list of universal recommendations has also been developed regarding what diabetics can and cannot eat. Prohibited foods for type 2 diabetes are listed below:

smoked products;
Sausage;
Fat should not be consumed;
High-fat red meat (low-fat red meat is acceptable for type 2 diabetics in small portions);
Bird skin;
Mayonnaise and sauces on this basis should not be consumed;
Butter;
Purchased fruit juices (you can drink home-made vegetable juices with diabetes);
Fatty cheese with more than 30% fat (low-fat cheese for diabetes can be eaten in small quantities and after consulting a doctor);
Fatty milk (fat content over 2%);
Cottage cheese with a fat content of more than 4%;
Semi-finished foods for diabetes should be completely excluded, because they contain a lot of preservatives and fats;
Canned food in oil;
Chocolate, sweets, cakes, sweet pastries, jam (sugar in diabetes should not be consumed, like all dishes containing it);
Sugar-rich fruits are forbidden foods for type 2 diabetes.

The above are strictly prohibited foods for diabetes. And a list of dishes is highlighted, eating them is permissible in strictly defined volumes. A list of dishes for diabetics with an indication of their consumption rates is available below.

Table 1

Limited use

If you love sweets, you need to eat products for diabetics. These food products for patients with this disease include a sweetener in their composition. When it enters the stomach and is absorbed, it does not cause an increase in the percentage of glucose, after which it is excreted through the kidneys. These foods for diabetes with their long-term consumption can harm.

Type two: fasting

Despite the existence of general recommendations and lists of what you can eat with a sugar failure and what you can’t, some patients choose a different way to control their own weight - fasting. Especially well the method helps "beginners" diabetics, whose experience of the disease is small. Fasting helps not only to get rid of excess body weight, but also to maintain normal sugar levels.

In order for such a diet for diabetics to bear fruit, it is important to follow it, observing a number of rules:

Prepare the body for fasting 5 - 7 days. At this time, the main thing that you can eat with diabetes is vegetables;
Thoroughly cleanse the intestines;
The duration of fasting should be at least 10 days. The result may appear in a shorter period, but it will not be fixed;
Many patients wonder what drinks they can drink while fasting. It is better to give preference to water, but you can also drink vegetable juices;
Get out of fasting gradually. This takes 5-7 days. The list of allowed products during this period is small. The main thing that is eaten with type 2 diabetes at this stage is mucous porridge, you also need to eat vegetable broths. Portions should be small, and meals should be fractional - often and in small portions. On the 2nd - 3rd day of release, meat can be introduced into the diet. The main thing that people with type 2 diabetes eat at this stage is boiled or cooked white meat, for example, chicken breast.

The method is prohibited for people after a stroke, suffering from cardiovascular pathologies, failures. In the presence of other pathologies and chronic failures, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will list what is impossible with diabetes, and what is possible and useful for this patient. Fasting has a lot of contraindications.

Type two: carbohydrates

A diabetic diet should be built around the ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the diet. The first thing to do is calculate their balance. Their correct balance will allow maintaining the patient's weight, the percentage of glucose at a normal level. Allowed foods on failure suggest few carbs. With the help of such a diet in diabetes, significant jumps in glucose can be prevented in both types of failure. Such a nutrition program has been successfully used for type 2 diabetics after a stroke.

Pasta;
Rolls, bakery and confectionery products;
Potato;
Fruits (it is permissible for diabetics to eat certain acidic fruits in a very small amount);
Bee Honey;
The most harmful food for diabetes is one that includes easily digestible carbohydrates, i.e. pure sugar.

Below is a list of what foods you can eat when you are sick, but in a minimal amount:

Whole grains excluding white rice;
Whole wheat bread;
Kefir, fermented baked milk and the like, not sweet and with a fat content of up to 4% (permitted products in case of failure - fat-free natural kefir, yogurt);
legumes;
Vegetables are allowed foods for this failure, but on a low-carbon diet, beets, tomatoes, zucchini, carrots should be eaten in small quantities.

Even when purchasing diabetic products (for type 2 diabetics), you need to find out what percentage of carbohydrates is there. Some diabetic foods include quite a few. It is better to refuse such products.

Once you've made a list of what foods to eat when you're sick, it's easy to calculate your carbohydrate intake. The first thing to calculate is their mass consumed per day. It cannot be more than 20 - 25 g. This amount is divided by the number of meals. It is necessary to decide what to eat with diabetes so that the intake of carbohydrates is relatively uniform.

In addition, with diabetes, you can eat only when there is a strong hunger and avoid snacking. Also, with diabetes, you need to eat in small portions and eat slowly enough. This will allow you to eat a smaller amount of food, since the satiety center in the brain begins to work only 15-20 minutes after eating.

-FOOTNOTE-

Diabetes mellitus nutrition involves only correct and healthy. For this reason, it is necessary to exclude alcohol and cigarettes - these products disrupt metabolism. For the same reason, the main thing that you can not eat with this disease is canned food and fast food.

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