Installation of plumbing in the bathroom. Do-it-yourself plumbing installation: classic wiring diagrams and installation instructions Do-it-yourself bathroom plumbing work

Plumbing in a new building or any apartment is an important process. Do-it-yourself plumbing wiring is quite real, the correct scheme and knowledge about plumbing installation are important. This is a rather difficult and very responsible job. The efficiency of the functioning of the entire plumbing system in the apartment depends on how it is correctly thought out and carefully executed. The technologies of construction and installation works in this direction that exist today are quite simple and affordable. Therefore, you should not rush here to call plumbers. Many can safely do the wiring or installation of plumbing equipment on their own with their own hands. In addition, such a statement of the question will, among other things, save a certain amount in the family budget.

Of course, before starting work, it is necessary to arm yourself with certain knowledge that will allow you to carefully study, analyze the situation, and then provide for the correct step-by-step execution of each subsequent action. To help you do high-quality wiring with your own hands, let's try to figure out the nuances, difficulties, and main stages of this work.

1 We plan the placement of plumbing and basic communication wiring
2 Mounting method
- 2.1 Open installation of water pipes
4 We plan the wiring
5 Materials and tools
6 Wiring order and technological nuances
7 Installation of sewer pipes
8 Conclusion

We plan the placement of plumbing and basic communication wiring

Of course, each owner plans in advance to place the main plumbing and household appliances in the bathroom, toilet or combined bathroom, these are:

Bathroom;
Shower cubicle;
Toilet;
Bidet;
Washing machine;
Wash basin;
Hygienic shower;
Heating boiler.

When this choice is determined and their main overall dimensions are specified, it is necessary to decide on engineering communications. To the bath, shower, bidet, washbasin, sewer pipes, hot and cold water pipes are required. To the toilet, washing machine you need to bring cold water and divert sewage. A hygienic shower and a heating boiler will require piping for cold and hot water.

To schematically designate the wiring for plumbing fixtures, first consider the main clarifying aspects.

Mounting method

Pipe laying can be done in two main ways: open or closed. In terms of reliability, these installation schemes are approximately the same, however, there are certain differences between them.

Outdoor installation of water pipes

With open installation, pipes are installed on top of the floor or walls. If possible, they can be hidden under a false wall or any decorative structure. The advantages of an open installation are:

Laying of any pipes.
Easy installation, maintenance, repair.
Lightweight layout.
No need to ditch the walls.
Inexpensive dismantling.
Constant monitoring of the condition of pipes.
The ability to add the required new line at any time without spending much time and money on dismantling or repair work.

The disadvantages of open mounting include:

Unsightly appearance.
Reducing usable area.

The last factor is very critical for small spaces. The absence of extra centimeters will not make it possible to place plumbing fixtures as we would like. Because part of the required volumetric space will be occupied by plumbing or sewer wiring.

This installation is more aesthetic and involves laying pipes directly into the wall. This method of installation makes it possible to arrange furniture and plumbing fixtures without loss of free space. However, there are significant drawbacks here:

Limited choice of pipe material.
The complexity of preparatory work.
The complexity of the installation and connection of pipes.
The impossibility of carrying out urgent repair work in case of leaks due to preliminary dismantling and destruction of the wall decoration.

When choosing hidden wiring, you must always remember its scheme. Otherwise, if it becomes necessary to make a hole for installing a mirror, do not accidentally drill a pipe, thereby creating an unpleasant situation for yourself and your neighbors living on the floor below.

For our modern apartments, you can choose two options for breeding water pipes

Collector.
Tee.

The first option is an order of magnitude simpler than the second in installation, more practical in terms of operation, but more complex in execution. With this installation, each plumbing fixture has its own pipe. This is done so that when water is taken, it is evenly distributed to each installed device. In this scheme, it is necessary to use a slightly larger number of pipes than in a tee distribution, however, the number of connections here is much less. Therefore, the cost of the collector option is higher than the tee.

With a tee system, each new branch must have its own shut-off valve. Therefore, in the event of a failure of any plumbing fixture, it will not be necessary to turn off the entire system. Although, in any case, a shut-off valve at the apartment entrance must always be installed.

We are planning the wiring

Having decided on the installation method and the wiring diagram, knowing the overall dimensions of plumbing fixtures, you can draw on paper the wiring of pipes, which you need to do yourself. The diagram defines the installation locations of all plumbing equipment, which includes:

Cranes;
Toilet;
Bath;
sink and so on.

All measurements must be made carefully with the highest possible accuracy. In this case, it is desirable to adhere to the following recommendations in the scheme:

Try to avoid crossing pipes.
Pipes of water supply and sewerage should be laid side by side as close as possible, so that later they can be closed with one box.
Don't over-complicate the wiring. Try to keep everything as simple as possible.
If the main pipes are located below the floor, the water outlets through the tees must be drawn perpendicularly upwards.
Vertical outlets of sewer pipes are replaced with flexible hoses that are inserted into tees.
For wiring, professionals advise using polypropylene pipes. They work great in cold and hot water systems; heating and sewerage. According to the technical parameters, these products are characterized by high strength, durability, ease of installation. In addition, they are available in a price range. Connect them using special welding.

Materials and tools

After studying the scheme, carefully checking, clarifying the calculated data, you can buy pipes, fittings and the necessary fittings with a margin of 5-10% of the planned calculation for doing the work yourself.

In addition, it is necessary to have a certain set of tools in the form of:

Scissors for cutting pipes;
Soldering iron for welding;
Marker for marking;
pliers;
Adjustable wrenches;
Knife;
Roulettes.

Wiring order and technological nuances

Consider the main stages of distributing water pipes.

Initially, inlet valves or ball valves should be installed from the main general hot and cold water supply system in the apartment.
Then, filters should be installed in the main outlets to the apartment for deep cleaning of the supplied water.
After them, counters are mounted, like metering devices.
They are followed by installed pressure reducers that regulate the supply of water to plumbing fixtures.
Shutting off the water supply from the common riser, further wiring is carried out according to the worked out scheme.
You can do it yourself, starting from the main riser or soldering pipes from the last device to the main riser.
It is necessary to work with a soldering iron very carefully so as not to burn yourself, while fulfilling all the requirements of the instructions for it.
The layout of water pipes ends with end outlets in the form of "American women". On the one hand, they are soldered to the pipe, and the other has a thread for connecting a flexible hose.

Installation of sewer pipes

The assembly of sewer pipes is simple, but very responsible. When doing this work with your own hands, it is necessary to check that there are special rubber gaskets in all the connecting spaces of the pipe. This is necessary to ensure a quality connection, to prevent leaks and the spread of an unpleasant odor.

When wiring sewer pipes, it must be borne in mind that their slope to the main riser from plumbing equipment should be within 3 centimeters per meter of pipe.

Conclusion

Careful planning and scrupulous work on the plumbing layout in the apartment will allow anyone who is confident in their abilities to do it with their own hands. The main thing in this work is that all locking mechanisms and valves are within quick reach.

Starting work and planning the wiring on your own, it is better to additionally consult and coordinate it with professionals who will be able to notice shortcomings and give practical advice on all issues. Then, for sure, having received the approval of specialists, you can save the family budget and enjoy the work done.

The word "plumbing" is often used in everyday life. This concept is quite capacious and applies to a wide range of equipment. Plumbing in a private house or apartment is bathtubs, shower boxes, faucets, bidets, valves, toilet bowls, pipe products, siphons and other things related to sewerage and water supply, without which the comfortable life of a modern person is unthinkable. A private house, cottage or apartment is permeated with engineering systems. Water supply and sewer networks are among the most important communications. This article is devoted to the main issues that are associated with the plumbing of a private house.

How is plumbing arranged in a private house

Water pipes- This is a type of engineering communications responsible for providing a private house with water. Its purpose is to organize a stable transportation of water to the points of water intake. The operation of the water supply system of a private house is provided by a set of functional equipment: these are pumping stations, storage tanks, filters, circulation pumps, etc.

No less important systems of a private house are sewers providing removal of sewage and used water resources with subsequent treatment.

Internal engineering systems of a private house

Water is delivered and sewage is removed through pipelines using plumbing and special equipment, which are located inside a private house. The place of water inlet and outlet of sewage is, as a rule, in the foundation of the building.

Plumbing that ensures the operation of the water supply inside a private house:

water supply entry point;

water metering and distributing unit;

plumbing for heating water (boiler or boiler);

pipelines for supplying cold and hot water to consumption points in a private house;

water supplies to the main places of consumption;

plumbing fixtures (faucets, showers, sinks, etc.).

Plumbing internal sewerage:

pipelines from places of water consumption;

sewer riser;

exit point of the sewer from a private house.

Outdoor plumbing and sewerage system

Plumbing of external networks of a private house:

external pipelines;

sewer wells (inspection, rotary, filtration, revision, etc.);

cleaning systems;

well, well or other structure for water intake;

pump or pumping station.

To organize the water supply system of a private house, the following types of pumps are used:

submersible - devices that are immersed in a well or well below the water surface;

surface - devices used for the equipment of pumping stations located on the surface;

fecal - devices designed for pumping liquids with the inclusion of particles of a certain fraction.

House plumbing and sewerage project

The reliability of the plumbing and engineering networks of a private house largely depends on the professionalism of the designers. The calculation of the water supply and sewerage project is carried out even before the construction or reconstruction of the house begins. Often there are examples when design work is carried out by developers on their own. If for a small cottage with a simple network and simple plumbing, this option can take place, then for a private house with a modern layout, design work should be carried out by engineers who are well acquainted with modern technologies and plumbing innovations. The simplest engineering communications project for a private house involves the location of the kitchen next to the bathroom, which can use a common sewer riser.

For a private house with several bathrooms located on different floors, you will need a more complex system with different risers.

To draw up an engineering project for the plumbing of a private house, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures.

Determine the source of water supply. For a country private house in places where there is no possibility of connecting to a centralized water supply system, water can be taken from a well, an equipped well, or nearby reservoirs.

Draw up an engineering and topographic plan of the site, as well as analyze the composition of soils and the depth of groundwater.

Determine the volume of water that needs to be supplied per day, and the amount of wastewater to be discharged. These calculations are required for the correct choice of engineering plumbing for a private house.

Determine which treatment plant will be used to supply water to a private house. The most preferred option is the installation of ready-made septic tanks, which are produced by various manufacturers. In some cases, due to the characteristics of the site and the level of groundwater, it may be necessary to install local treatment or arrange a storage septic tank.

After completing the procedures described above, specialists select the necessary equipment and plumbing for a private house, and also draw up a detailed project of water supply and sewerage systems.

Plumbing in a private house: laying scheme

There are several ways to carry out plumbing in a private house. At the same time, different connection schemes are based on uniform principles of arrangement.

1. Plumbing scheme in a private house

Regardless of the chosen water supply scheme in a private house and the plumbing used, there are two main options for connecting distribution points:

serial way to connect consumers;

parallel way to connect plumbing for water consumption.

Serial Connection Diagram used to equip a small private house with a small number of water consumption points. According to its principles, water from the source of water intake enters one plumbing device and then goes to another (i.e., the pump supplies water to the accumulator, then to the sink, and then to the bathroom, bathroom, etc.).

When using this scheme to supply water to several types of plumbing, there is a significant pressure drop on devices located at the end points. The arrangement of a consistent water supply system is simple. A tee with one inlet and two outlets is mounted on the pipe that goes to the water consumption device (one supplies water to the required plumbing, and the other to the next equipment).

parallel circuit connecting the water supply of a private house necessarily contains such a type of equipment as a collector, from which water is supplied separately to each element of consumption plumbing.

Serial and parallel schemes for connecting the plumbing of a private house can be applied both when connected to a centralized water supply system, and when water is supplied from autonomous sources.

The standard water supply system of a private house includes the following elements.

Water intake point (central water supply or autonomous sources).

Pumping equipment (for autonomous sources).

Hydraulic accumulator for the accumulation of certain volumes of water.

Plumbing for water treatment. After the water accumulator, a tee with shut-off plumbing is installed, which provides water supply to private houses, and for watering plants and trees in the garden. Filtration plumbing is installed on the outlet that supplies water to household water intake devices.

Behind the filtration plumbing, it is necessary to install another tee with shut-off plumbing, which will separate the system into hot and cold water circuits.

The cold water piping must be connected to a suitable collector. This element of plumbing must be equipped with shut-off valves at all outlets.

The hot water circuit piping must supply water to the boiler or boiler.

After the water heater, hot water is supplied to a collector equipped with shut-off valves at all outlets. From its outlets, water enters the plumbing of hot water.

Plumbing systems in a private house can contain a wide range of plumbing and auxiliary equipment - pumping automation, water meters, pressure sensors, etc.

How to make plumbing in a private house should be taken care of at the stage of choosing a building project. To reduce the length of the pipeline, it is better to locate the water consumption points in one part of the building. This solution will not only reduce the cost of purchasing pipes, arranging water supply and sewerage, but will also simplify engineering networks, minimize the number of connections, and reduce the likelihood of malfunctions during operation. If a decision is made to independently draw up a layout for the plumbing of a private house, it must be applied to the building plan or to graph paper. The stages of drawing up engineering network diagrams are as follows.

At the beginning of drawing up the plumbing layout of a private house, fence and drain points are applied to the plan. The plan is drawn up separately for each floor of the building.

After drawing the consumption / drain points on the plumbing layout plan, the location of the common riser is indicated. For the riser and outlets of toilet bowls, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of mounting a pipe with a diameter of 11 cm. The length of the outlet in the area from the collector to the toilet must be more than one meter. Drain points are located as close to the riser as possible. At the same time, the greater the outlet of the drain points, the shorter the distance to the riser should be.

The next stage involves drawing on the plan the points of placement of plumbing and collector pipeline lines that lead to the exit node from a private house. It is installed in the foundation of the building and involves the installation of a protective sleeve in the form of a large diameter pipe.

Then you need to draw lines for laying wastewater from the points of water intake to the collector. Taps that are in close proximity to each other (eg sink and bath taps) must be combined. This rule does not apply to plumbing outlets such as a toilet, the drain of which must be cut separately from other outlets.

The sewerage of a private house should be designed with a pipe slope of 3% for pipelines with a diameter of 5 cm and 2% for pipes with a diameter of 11 cm.

The next step in drawing up a plumbing scheme for a private house involves drawing a point for placing a fan pipe.

The drawing up of a plan for the placement of plumbing is completed by drawing the line of the external sewage system of a private house, which is applied taking into account the characteristics of the landscape, the location of adjoining buildings and trees. If external communications are of considerable length, it is necessary to provide for the arrangement of revision wells every 10 m. Such elements must also be placed at the turning points of the sewer pipe, as well as at the tie-in points of other lines.

How is the installation of plumbing in a private house

Installation of water pipes

After drawing up the layout of the plumbing of a private house, you can proceed to the direct installation of engineering communications. Ready-made wiring diagrams should contain not only the exact coordinates of the placement of pipes, fittings, plumbing elements, but also their dimensional parameters. It should be taken into account that the incorrect selection of the diameter of pipelines reduces the efficiency of the functioning of engineering networks. To equip plumbing, the master must have the skills to read engineering drawings. Installation of plumbing in a private house is carried out after the completion of the construction of the box and the arrangement of the roof.

Rules for the installation of plumbing in a private house:

the placement of the entry point of the pipe for supplying water to a private house is carried out at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the exit point of the sewer, gas main or heating system;

immediately behind the wall where the water entry point is located, you need to equip a water metering point. This node is best combined with a stroke that provides the possibility of supplying an increased volume of water (this may be necessary when extinguishing fires and in other cases);

departmental shut-off valves are located before the water metering unit, and after it an intra-house shut-off valve is installed;

calculation of the diameter of water pipes is made taking into account the planned volumes of water consumption and the number of plumbing elements for water consumption;

the laying of the internal pipeline and sewerage of a private house is most often done in the basement;

for water pipes of a private house with a long length, it is necessary to provide for the installation of three circulation pumps, two of which are necessary to ensure the supply of water at minimum and peak water consumption, and the third serves as backup equipment;

the slope angle of the internal water supply of a private house depends on the diameter of the pipes and is indicated in the plumbing layout.

Installation of an external sewer system

Rules for the arrangement of external elements of the water supply and sewerage of a private house:

laying pipes in the ground should be carried out at a depth exceeding the freezing point;

when sewer pipes intersect with water pipes, the latter are laid at least 0.4 m above the sewer pipes. To protect cast-iron and plastic pipes from mechanical deformation, special casings made of durable steel are installed at the intersections. The length of such a casing should exceed 10 m (in each direction) for sandy soils and 5 m for clay-based soils;

pipeline intersections must be designed at an angle of 90 degrees;

with parallel laying of water supply and sewerage, the distance between the outer walls of pipes with a diameter of up to 20 cm should be more than 1.5 m.

Installation of internal and external engineering communications of a private house is a complex process, the success of which largely depends on a professionally drawn up plumbing scheme. For the normal and safe functioning of the water supply or sewage system, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements of SNiP.

Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house

Start with plumbing since the presence of water is necessary already at the stage of building a private house. In this case, you need to think first of all about ensuring the supply of cold water. You can also install a heating boiler, the installation of which is a simple procedure.

To equip the water supply of a private house, plumbing, materials and tools are needed:

shut-off plumbing;

PVC pipes;

pump equipment;

a set of keys;

pliers;

Bulgarian.

Before you do plumbing in a private house, you need to determine what types of plumbing equipment will be installed. Consider the general rules and sequence of installation.

As mentioned above, at the initial stage, a plan should be developed for the placement of plumbing and plumbing elements. The scheme should include information about all the nodes of the external and internal wiring of the water supply system of a private house. Based on the parameters of the water supply, you need to select the optimal equipment for arranging a pumping station. Manufacturers of such equipment attach a wiring diagram to it, indicating the main features of connecting a private house to the water supply system. It is necessary to place the pump plumbing unit in such a way as to minimize the noise from its operation. To do this, select the most convenient place in the house (in the basement or basement). In the documentation for the pumping station, you can find information about the noise level that is created during its operation.

After the location of the pumping equipment has been chosen, it is possible to start arranging trenches for laying external pipes through which water from the source will be supplied to the house. Their depth should exceed the level of soil freezing. If there is no technical possibility of laying a pipeline at such a distance, it is necessary to insulate the line using special fiberglass materials.

After arranging the outer part of the water supply of a private house and installing pump plumbing, the installation of internal pipes is carried out. This is a very important stage that must be carried out with strict adherence to the technology of work. When the distribution of water pipes is completed, the specialists proceed to the installation of plumbing and installation of the sewer system.

Let's consider installation of the sewerage for the private house. Here, even before the installation work, an engineering diagram of the system is drawn up, indicating the points of placement of plumbing. A professionally drawn up sewerage plan will eliminate the difficulties during installation and problems during operation.

Sewerage of a private house includes external and internal systems. The elements of outdoor installation include sewer pipes and cleaning systems. The internal part also consists of piping and plumbing of a private house.

Rules for installing sewerage in a private house:

when choosing the location of the cesspool, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of unhindered access to it by sewage vehicles;

the lowest line of the cesspool is placed one meter deeper than the freezing level of the soil. The sewage collector is equipped with a slope and must have a depth of more than 70 cm.

In situations where it is not possible to lay sewer pipes below the freezing level, the collector is insulated.

For the installation of the sewer system of a private house, plastic pipes are currently used. Unlike metal products, such a pipe will not experience corrosion problems. The installation of these elements of a private house is carried out by inserting one pipe into another, followed by sealing the seams. Laying of sewer pipes is carried out in strict accordance with the preliminary calculations of the depth. This will allow the line to be laid on undisturbed solid ground, which will prevent the elements from bending. Pipes for risers and collectors must be of a larger diameter than sewer pipes coming from private home plumbing.

To carry out work on the arrangement of sewage systems in a private house, experienced and highly qualified specialists should be involved. The works on the installation and connection of plumbing are carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of building codes according to the drawn up scheme. Only experienced specialists who perform work under engineering supervision can satisfy such parameters.

What is the cost of plumbing work in a private house

Starting the arrangement of the engineering systems of a private house, the repair of bathrooms, the installation of a bathtub and other plumbing, customers are primarily interested in the cost of work. To draw up an estimate, a free visit of the measurer to the object is provided. The table, which is presented to your attention on this page, shows the approximate prices for the installation of plumbing in a private house. The final estimate depends on the choice of the contractor for these works.

Type of service	Price
Installation of a sink, toilet bowl, bathtub, bidet, shower box	2000-5000 rubles
Connecting household appliances: washing machine, dishwasher, etc.	from 1000 rubles
Installation of a water supply pipeline (price of a plumbing connection point)	from 1200 rubles
Sewer pipeline installation (connection point price)	from 800 rubles
Additional services: meter installation, dismantling, riser installation, etc.	from 300 rubles

The higher the qualifications of specialists who install plumbing in a private house, the more reliable the operation of engineering systems will be and the more comfortable living will become. The main task of plumbing is to create the most convenient conditions for the operation of sewerage and water supply. Plumbing has long ceased to be a luxury and is a basic necessity in a private home. At the same time, nothing is permanent. Like all equipment known to us, it also needs periodic maintenance and repair. The performance of such operations is always associated with the purchase of materials, the selection of components, repair kits.

You can order such products of guaranteed quality at manufacturer's prices in the catalog presented on the official website of the specialized company "SantekhStandard". The developers of the portal took care of creating the most convenient conditions for finding the right product. Here you can profitably buy water pipes made of polypropylene or metal-plastic, various fittings, valves, faucets and other plumbing with delivery.

You can get qualified advice and place an order by phone:

Everyone faces the need for repairs in their apartment. And when a decision is made to hold it in the bathroom, then you can’t do without replacing the pipes. And if the owner of the apartment wants to significantly transform the design of the bathroom or make any other fundamental changes, then do-it-yourself plumbing for the bathroom is inevitable. Only beforehand it does not hurt to purchase material, prepare tools and take into account good advice.

This stage is the most important, as it involves drawing up a plan that shows the arrangement of all plumbing. This allows you to evaluate the entire upcoming scope of work and select the necessary materials. The comfort of the room and the ease of use of each element of the piping system depend on how well the pipes are laid out in the bathroom.

First you need to create a drawing, where you indicate the number and location of all plumbing fixtures: how many sinks are installed (if the bathroom is large), is there a shower, a washing machine, is there a bath faucet. This will determine the number of pipes and fittings. If the toilet is divided into two rooms, then the wiring must be done by hand in both parts of the bathroom at the same time.

After drawing up a visual plan of the bathroom, you can proceed to its implementation. No special difficulties are foreseen here, since wiring can be done in only two ways:

open;
closed.

Open piping

Concealed piping. After plastering the walls, such piping in the bathroom will not be visible to the eye.

The open method implies the location of communications in the bathroom from the outside. From an aesthetic point of view, everything does not look very attractive, even if the pipes run close to the floor. Do-it-yourself hidden installation is better in this regard, since all communications are hidden from view, which does not spoil the overall design. Only there is a downside - it takes a lot of effort and time.

Wiring diagram

consistent;
collector.

Collector wiring

serial wiring

These two schemes are the most common. In addition to them, others are used, but extremely rarely. Therefore, it is worth dwelling on the first two options in more detail. The essence of the sequential method is that the installation of the pipeline with your own hands goes in stages. As you can see from the name, plumbing fixtures are connected in series. Just one thing to keep in mind. During the operation of plumbing with several devices at the same time, the water will be distributed unevenly.

The use of a collector is rational in order to evenly distribute water among all devices. In this scheme, each water intake point has its own separate section of the main line. A crane installed near each device allows repair work without shutting down the entire system. It is difficult to make collector wiring on your own, you will need a lot of consumables, which will invariably entail large financial costs.

Which pipes are suitable

Today, pipes used for plumbing in the bathroom can be made from materials such as:

stainless steel;
copper;
metal-plastic;
polypropylene;
cross-linked polyethylene.

Types of pipes

Most people prefer to use pipes made of polypropylene or plastic. A metal-plastic pipeline is suitable for hot water. And if we take into account the service life, then a steel heated towel rail is better than a brass one in this regard.

Modern sewer pipes are made of plastic with different wall thicknesses and different diameters.

Steel pipes are used extremely rarely, since their do-it-yourself installation is difficult and they are expensive in price. Copper pipes have high corrosion resistance and strength. But the installation of such a pipeline with your own hands requires the use of special equipment.

Metal-plastic pipes are already better, as they resist corrosion well, are quite flexible, but, nevertheless, reliable. Such pipes should be connected using special fittings, which are expensive in price. If the wiring is performed with errors, then this is fraught with delamination of the pipes.

Metal pipes are the most popular

Polypropylene pipes have their drawbacks. One of them is the high coefficient of thermal expansion. Many of the advantages of previous materials have absorbed pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene. But there are also significant drawbacks - this is the high cost and the need to use an expensive special tool.

Distribution of water pipes

Regardless of what kind of installation is made and the choice of the type of piping, the main thing is not to allow a large number of bends in the pipeline and connecting nodes. Installation should begin with the installation of a control valve. Everyone knows perfectly well that the water from the central water main is not of the best quality. Therefore, it is worth thinking about installing an additional coarse filter, which usually goes right behind the valve.

Pipe laying

Next, the collector is mounted if this wiring diagram is selected. The collector can have from 2 to 4 outlets. If necessary, several collectors can be combined into one system, it is only important to install a control valve for each outlet. When choosing a serial scheme, the devices are connected to the water supply using tees.

Optionally, you can install a meter and a filter for fine water purification.

Example of piping

In some cases, you can find an excess of pressure in the water main. In this case, you can not do without installing the appropriate gearbox and preferably with a pressure gauge. This will allow you to set the optimal parameters for the functioning of the plumbing system. Usually it is 3-4 atm.

According to the existing scheme, it is necessary to cut the pipes, taking into account the fact that some part of each pipe will be inserted into the fitting. In conclusion, it remains to solder the polypropylene pipes and fix them on the wall in the chosen way.

Sewer wiring

Work must begin with the most difficult area - the riser. The cast iron pipe is replaced by a plastic product of the same diameter. You need to start the installation of the riser with the installation of a tee. First, you need to place a rubber cuff at the entrance and apply a layer of sealant, and then install the cross. Then a drain pipe is attached to the riser under a slope. When fastening, it is desirable to use clamps.

Finally, perform a test run to check for leaks. Their absence indicates that the work was done qualitatively.

Proper plumbing

Sewerage in a private house

Installation of plumbing

If the bathroom is quite spacious, then the order of installation is not important. Otherwise, you should start with large appliances (bath, shower). Before proceeding to the piping, you need to perform a number of preparatory work: dismantle all the old plumbing and prepare the surfaces. If necessary, the tiles are removed not only from the walls, but also from the floor. After the surfaces are freed from the lining, they should be thoroughly cleaned.

If it is planned to make a false ceiling in the bathroom, which is preferable for this room, then at this stage a frame is being built.

Then the marking and wiring of pipes is carried out in accordance with the plan drawn up in advance. And only after that you can proceed to the fine finishing of surfaces and the installation of devices.

https://youtu.be/8jOI8k-KkUk

sinks

In fact, the installation of the sink is simple, it all comes down to elementary actions. It can be mounted on brackets or on a pedestal. The first case is the most common, although many prefer the second option.

Sink installation

Bracket - in order to strengthen the sink well in this way, it is necessary to mark up. Usually the washbasin is usually placed at a height of 80-85 cm from the floor. From this mark, you need to measure a distance equal to the thickness of the wall mount of the sink. The brackets will protrude to this length.

Next, you should attach the brackets to the wall and determine what distance will be between them, making appropriate notes. Holes for dowels are drilled through them and brackets are screwed in. After that, you can install the sink on the mounts. If everything is done correctly, the washbasin will not stagger. Now it remains to connect the siphon to the washbasin, and then install and connect the mixer.

Pedestal or cabinet - in this case, the sink can be held on a tulip (leg) or it comes with a cabinet. To hold the plumbing, you can also use the brackets, but you can also make it so that the sink rests on the pedestal itself. Before installing the cabinet, you must also mark the floor and walls.

Then, according to the marks, you need to drill holes for the dowels. Next, the sink is screwed to the wall using washers and nuts. They should not be tightened too much, as the sink may crack. If necessary, a pedestal or cabinet can also be fixed to the floor. In conclusion, it remains to install a siphon and a mixer.

Tulip sink installation

Upon completion of all work, all connecting points should be checked for tightness. If leaks are found, they should be treated with sealant.

Baths

Bathroom installation begins with the dismantling of old plumbing. If necessary, break up the platform so that the bath is level. Please read the instructions carefully before installation. The first step is to install the legs or special racks that usually come with the package. In their absence, they can be replaced with bricks.

Now you can connect the siphon with a sump to the tee according to the instructions. Connecting places are best sealed with sealant to ensure better tightness. If necessary, install a mixer.

Experts recommend grounding the bath for added safety! To increase the comfort of using the bath, its front part can be decorated. To do this, you can make brickwork or mount special blinds.

Bath installation steps

toilet bowl

Before installing the toilet, turn off the cold water supply and check the sewer inlet. It is worth noting that the toilet should be chosen depending on the placement of the sewer pipe. In this case, the receiver can be located in different ways:

vertical;
horizontally;
obliquely.

The main stages of installing a toilet

Based on this, you should take a model with an appropriate collector output. At the time of work, you can cover the hole with a rag to eliminate an unpleasant odor. Putting the plumbing in place, make markings for holes for plastic plugs, after docking with the outlet pipe. Before attaching the toilet to its sole, it is desirable to apply silicone. Next, fix the plumbing with bolts with plastic washers, but do not tighten it too much, otherwise the sole may crack. Let the silicone dry completely (4 hours is enough) and install the drain tank, fixing it with screws, and then leading a flexible hose to it. Now you can close the tank and check its operation.

Independent wiring of hot and cold water pipes in an apartment or house is not an easy task, but real. Even if you are going to hire a specialist, you should know the main points yourself - control will not hurt.

Today, in most cases, piping in the bathroom is made of polymer pipes - polypropylene for plumbing, PVC for sewage

How to develop a plumbing layout

First, determine the places where all consumers of cold and hot water will be located. It is better to do everything on the plan, but you can also mark it “on the spot”. Not only the geometric dimensions of the devices are important, but also the exact location of the place where the water must be brought.

Draw a plan with dimensions and distances - the first step

Many devices are connected to the water supply network using flexible hoses. Then the outlet from the line can end 10-20 cm before the device. The main thing is that the connection point is easily accessible. This is necessary for convenient and fast connection maintenance. This connection method is easier to implement - there is no need to accurately calculate the length of the pipe.

There is also a hard water supply to plumbing fixtures or household appliances - pipes to the very entrance. Such a connection is more difficult to perform, therefore this type of wiring is less common. Basically, gas water heaters (columns), bathroom faucets that are attached to the wall are connected this way.

Outdoor or concealed laying

First of all, it is worth deciding on the type of pipe laying - will they go on top or hidden in a wall or floor. Hidden wiring in the bathroom, toilet is good from an aesthetic point of view - nothing is visible. But the pipes are not available, to fix the leak you will have to break the wall, which is not at all pleasing. Therefore, they try to lay only whole pieces without joints in the wall - there is less chance of leakage.

There is another difficulty with the hidden laying of water supply - the need for channels in the wall (strobe) into which pipes are laid. Firstly, not every wall allows you to make strobes in it. For example, in panel houses, where the wall thickness is only about 10 cm, it is definitely not worth making a channel 5-6 cm deep. The slab will lose a significant part of its bearing capacity. What it threatens to explain, probably, it is not necessary. Secondly, laying a strobe in the wall is not the easiest job, even with a puncher it takes a lot of time. So there are more than enough cons for this option.

Another type of hidden pipe connection is behind a false wall. To do this, stepping back some distance from the main wall, a frame is installed, and drywall is placed on it, on which tiles are then laid. The second option for false walls is made of plastic panels.

From a practical point of view, external piping is better - everything is in sight, available for repair at any time. But the aesthetic side suffers. To hide communications, all of them - water supply and sewerage - are trying to lay closer to the floor, then they build on a plasterboard box with a removable lid or top. So all the pipes have free access, and they themselves are almost invisible.

Laying method

In an apartment or house, plumbing is done in two ways - by connecting all consumers in series or by installing a collector, from which a separate pipe goes to each of the devices. Both options are not without drawbacks.

When pipes are connected in series, it takes little, but if more than two plumbing fixtures are connected in a row, the pressure may be insufficient when they work simultaneously. This type of wiring is also called a tee - all branches from the main main pipe are made using tees (sometimes crosses or corners).

With the collector wiring of the water supply system, a lot of pipes go away, in addition, additional equipment is required - a collector for the water supply system. So this piping scheme is an expensive undertaking, but the pressure on all connected devices, regardless of the number of workers, is the same.

Parallel connection - each device has its own line from the collector

There is one more nuance: a large number of pipes have to be laid somewhere, and compactly, and this is not at all easy. Therefore, this type of wiring is more often used for hidden or open laying, but in those places that require such a connection or can be closed by furniture.

For example, in a bathroom or toilet, only two devices are connected. There you can do serial wiring. In the kitchen, a column (boiler), a sink faucet, a washing machine and a dishwasher are connected. In this case, it makes sense to put a collector in the kitchen, and from it separate branches of water supply to all consumers. This connection method is called mixed - part of the water supply is diluted with tees, part - from the collector.

Please note that if cold and hot water are distributed at the same time, the pipelines are laid in parallel. With a hidden liner, it makes sense to wrap the DHW liner in thermal insulation - then the water will really be hot and you will not heat the walls. If the pipes are polypropylene or plastic, this is not so critical - polymers have a low heat transfer coefficient. For metal (any - steel, stainless steel, galvanized, copper), thermal insulation is very desirable.

Piping: rules

As in any business, plumbing has its own rules. They are also used for plumbing. If you are going to do the plumbing for yourself, it’s up to you to follow them or not, but it’s better to do everything right. The rules have their own logic, which is followed by the majority:

If you look closely, you will see that most of the water pipes are made according to these rules.

Which plumbing pipes are best

It is impossible to say unequivocally which pipes are best for wiring - there is no ideal material, there are more or less suitable for these conditions. Let's dwell on the most popular options, their advantages and disadvantages:

Polypropylene pipes

The option is good for everyone, except for a large thermal expansion - up to 5 cm per 1 meter, and this is a lot. With a long route, it is necessary to install a compensator or use reinforced pipes. They have much less thermal expansion, but the prices are higher. For hot water, it is definitely necessary to use reinforced pipes, but with fiberglass or foil - it's up to you. The distribution of cold water pipes can be done with a conventional PPR pipe for cold water - here thermal expansion is not so critical.

Polypropylene pipes for plumbing - an excellent choice

Another point that is relevant if you do the work yourself, you are going to do a hidden laying of communications - the quality of the connections. In principle, there is nothing complicated, but without experience you can “screw up”, as a result, after a while the connection may leak. In the absence of experience in welding polypropylene, it is very undesirable to hide the joints under the finish. In this case, it is better to choose an open laying method.

The layout of polypropylene pipes in the bathroom and toilet has many positive aspects:

a correctly made connection turns out to be monolithic;
there is no narrowing of the pipeline diameters in the places of soldering;
high maintainability;
long service life;
ease of installation.

In general, it is not for nothing that this material has been so popular lately.

PVC for plumbing

When laying PVC pipes, an adhesive joint is used. There is a special glue that dissolves the top layer of the polymer. Both parts to be glued are lubricated with it, pressed against one another and held for some time. As a result, the connection is almost monolithic, strong and reliable.

There are two types of connection: butt, when two pipe sections are joined and using fittings. Fittings are easier to work with, but the joints are narrower. With a butt joint, there are no narrowings, but it is much more difficult to make it qualitatively.

In principle, all the pros and cons are the same here, a few minuses are added - it is only suitable for transporting cold environments - no more than + 40 ° C, that is, other pipes will have to be used for hot water supply. Scratches and chips reduce the strength of the pipe, therefore, a threaded connection is excluded.

metal-plastic

The layout of the water supply from metal-plastic pipes is also suitable for hot water supply - it can withstand temperatures up to + 105 ° C. A positive difference from all of the above is its high plasticity - these pipes can be bent with a fairly small radius. This simplifies and reduces the cost of installation (fittings are expensive).

Metal-plastic - not the best choice

The disadvantage of using metal-plastic pipes for plumbing is a strong narrowing at the joints - in fittings. This results in a significant pressure drop in the system. This is what limits their use.

Circuit examples

The piping in each apartment, even in a typical house, is individual - plumbing and household appliances are arranged differently, of course, the scheme will be different. In reality, everything is not so complicated, you just need to decide on the main parameters of the circuit - where you need to supply water and the type of wiring - will you pull in parallel or in series. Further, everything is dictated by the position of consumers. To make it a little easier, let's add a few more diagrams and photos.

The peculiarity of this scheme is that a thicker pipe from the hot water supply goes to the heated towel rail. This is done to ensure the best heating.

Example of serial wiring - equipment at the entrance to the apartment to increase security

With hidden installation of water pipes, part of the pipes can be hidden in the floor. It will be impossible to repair them, but they are beautiful ...

Plumbing wiring may be required during major repairs or in the event of a breakdown of the water supply. This process can be carried out independently, without the involvement of specialists, the main thing is to have the appropriate tool available and be able to handle it. The work is carried out according to a predetermined plan, divided into several main stages. It includes the location of communication elements, the scheme can be drawn up independently, or found on the relevant resources.

Plumbing layout: preparation for work

First of all, you need to make a list of necessary communications and plumbing devices. For example, a washing machine and a toilet require a connection to the sewerage and cold water supply, and hot water is additionally supplied to the washbasin and shower (bath). Plumbing and heating require competent work, as non-compliance with the rules can lead to very unpleasant consequences.

You also need to determine the number of shut-off valves, such elements must be installed on the supply to the washing machine, cold and hot water. If desired, they can be mounted on the water supply to the toilet, this is especially convenient in the event of a cistern breakdown, since repairs do not require shutting off the general water supply system.

Plumbing work: prices

With a complete replacement of all devices and pipes, it may take several days to complete. Many are interested in the cost of this service, it depends on several factors:

the complexity of the work and the time allotted for its implementation;
the number of installed devices, nodes and other basic elements;
type of plumbing.

For example, a shower complex with extensive functionality is more difficult to install than a standard cast-iron bath. Also, the cost increases with the use of additional services.

For plumbing work, prices may vary from different specialists and firms. On average, it will cost 1,700 rubles, and the installation of a standard mixer - 800 rubles. When choosing a company, it is worth focusing not only on the prices of the services provided, but also on the professionalism of the employees; it will also not be superfluous to study the reviews on specialized resources.

Location rules

After choosing the type of plumbing and purchasing it, you need to decide on the placement of all devices. At the same time, it is desirable to bring into the room and put at least a few elements in the intended place to make sure that they are conveniently located. Next, a plumbing layout is drawn up on a sheet of paper, while it is worth considering some features and rules:

sewerage outlets can be made in the form of a “tee” without a vertical part;
the main pipeline is placed above the floor surface, water outlets go from it through tees;
the location of the plumbing should provide easy access to the junctions of flexible hoses and pipelines;
sewer and should be as close as possible to each other so that they can be hidden behind a special box;
crossing pipes is highly undesirable; plumbing should also be connected as simply as possible;
piping does not have to be complicated, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of independent implementation.

materials

There are many different materials, they are selected depending on the complexity of installation and the type of installation.

The wiring of plumbing with polypropylene pipes is carried out using a special device called a soldering iron. It can be rented at a store that sells related products, or you can buy it. The first option is more rational if one-time use is necessary. Using the tool does not cause difficulties, the main thing is to be aware of strong heat and be careful when working. It is also worth reading the instructions. In some cases, an assistant may be required.

Plumbing installation requires the use of PVC fittings to connect and rotate pipes at the required angle. They are selected according to the size of the latter. When buying, it is worth taking a few spare elements, they may be required in case of uneven soldering.

Peculiarities

When using a soldering iron, the resulting joints become one-piece, and if there are any defects, a part of the pipeline must be cut off to eliminate them. Couplings are used to build up a pipe that has insufficient length.

One of the stages of work is the connection of special fittings to the end outlets, on the one hand a flexible hose is connected to them, and on the other a pipe is fixed.

Plumbing in a new building is done in two main ways:

Soldering pipes starts from the riser towards plumbing fixtures.
First, the plumbing element farthest from the riser is connected.

Concealed installation

If it is necessary to carry out independent work, the scheme should be simplified as much as possible. For example, plumbing runs along the floor, and a pipe is pulled to each device in wall structures in a perpendicular arrangement.

Propylene pipes are reliable, durable and easy to use, for their installation, as noted earlier, a heating tool is needed, it will provide a tight and high-quality connection.

The hidden type has become most widespread, due to the convenience of repair work and the preservation of the appearance of the room. First you need to make strobes in the floor and walls, while you need to make sure that the dimensions of the recesses and the materials used are consistent. The next step is to install a valve and a filter with a suitable level of cleaning. Do not forget about the water flow meter and the pressure sensor, the latter is of particular importance in the absence of a stable pressure and frequent excess of the established norms.

Connecting elements

The collector is a cylinder in which there are several outlets and one inlet, its main advantage is the simplification of connection to plumbing fixtures. After it, the required number of shut-off valves and adapters are installed. It also ensures even distribution of the liquid, which contributes to the same pressure at each point. The formed holes are hidden behind the plaster, on which the desired decorative coating is applied. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the cost of the system, since in addition to the manifolds themselves with valves, a large number of fittings and pipes are required.

Free access must be provided to the connections, it is necessary for periodic and repair of the water supply. After that, fittings and flexible hoses used as a connection to consumers are fixed on the elements connected to plumbing fixtures.

Sewerage

The need for a soldering iron does not arise when working with sewer pipes; to assemble them, it is enough to insert them into each other. With the help of fittings, you can simplify the task, and if shortcomings are identified, you can easily eliminate them by disassembling the system.

The layout of plumbing does not cause any particular difficulties and is carried out taking into account several rules:

pipe connections must be made in such a way that elements with a smaller size are inserted into fittings or pipes with a larger diameter;
the outlet to the sewer from the toilet should be within 110 mm, while for pipes coming from the washbasin, washing machine and shower, this parameter is 50 mm;
to the main riser pipes should go with a slight slope.

It is undesirable that the wiring of plumbing in a new building is complicated by various intersections, as they can lead to a “jam” when using two devices at the same time, it is also recommended to connect devices in series.

In some cases, it is difficult to clear the blockage through the drain hole, this task can be simplified even during the repair process by installing an additional tee fitting on the sewer pipe. Through its upper hole, which is closed with a special plug, you can quickly. It is worth remembering that if the plumbing wiring project involves a hidden type of installation, there should always be access to the connections for inspection and repair.

Rubber seals must be present at all joints, they will prevent leakage of drains and the appearance of an unpleasant odor. During installation, it is important to connect all the elements as tightly as possible. The organization of a permanent slope is carried out using special clamps that fix the necessary pipe sections on the walls. Among the main elements that must be installed are a shut-off valve and a coarse filter.