Calculation of the wall thickness of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks. Optimum wall thickness of expanded clay concrete blocks. Characteristics of expanded clay concrete blocks

In construction, expanded clay concrete blocks have proven themselves well. Good cost savings and quick installation are some of the advantages of this material. The information provided, which expanded clay blocks to use for load-bearing walls, is given based on low-rise construction of the private sector, with the condition of a properly laid foundation. Recommendations are subjective and based on personal experience.

The choice of expanded clay concrete blocks is based on several factors:

Building height;
Cover type;
Purpose of the building;
Climatic conditions of the external environment;
Laying method;
aesthetic perception.

For the construction of low-rise buildings, expanded clay concrete products are used, differing in the type of concrete:

Structural blocks;
Structural and heat-insulating blocks;
thermal insulation blocks.

The use of thermal insulation blocks in load-bearing walls is prohibited. For insulation purposes only.

There are technical aspects of the choice of expanded clay concrete products:

Compressive strength;
Frost resistance;
Average density;
Thermal conductivity;
Water absorption;
Color.

Mechanical strength of blocks

The mechanical strength of expanded clay concrete blocks determines how high a building can be built. The ceilings used in the building determine the compressive strength grade of the expanded clay concrete product. Compressive strength is a parameter showing how much pressure a block can withstand before destruction, measured in kilograms / cm2. The number after the letter M means the number of kilograms per 1 cm2.

The compressive strength of the product is classified by brand and class. Grades are denoted by the letter M, classes by the letter B: M5, M10, M15, M25, M35, M50, M75, M100, M150 (B10), M200 (B15), M250 (B20), M300 (B22.5), M350 (B25) ), M400 (B30), M450 (B35), M500 (B40).

The strength of the blocks from the manufacturer may immediately differ from the declared one. The compressive strength must be less than the parameters below.

During the warm season:

80% for products of brands 100 and below;
50% for products of brands 150 and above.

In the cold season, the actual strength may be:

90% for products of brands 100 and below;
70% for products of brands 150 and above.

Within 28 days, the block from the date of manufacture, the product must acquire the declared strength.

Expanded clay blocks for load-bearing walls of the M25 brand are not used at all. Blocks of the M35-M50 brand can be used in one-story buildings with wooden floors.

Frost resistance

Frost resistance is standardized for products used in the laying of load-bearing walls and fences. Frost resistance is the resistance of the block to freezing. It is frost resistance that determines the reliability and long-term operation of expanded clay concrete products. After the letter F, the number means the number of cycles of complete freezing and thawing, without sacrificing strength. According to frost resistance, products are divided into grades: F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200, F300, F400, F500.

For load-bearing walls, it is necessary to take products with a frost resistance grade of at least F50.

The average density is the weight of the product.

The required block density must not exceed D2000. After the letter D is the value of the mass in kilograms per cubic meter. That is, 1m3 of structural insulation blocks marked D600 will weigh 600 kg.

For example, the marking of expanded clay concrete products for load-bearing walls KBSL-50-M25-F35-D600 GOST is given. According to the above information, it is easy to decipher - expanded clay concrete wall front block 500 mm long, compressive strength 25 kg / cm2, frost resistance 35 cycles and a cubic meter weight of 600 kg.

The weight of the product depends on its design. Hollow products usually have a tensile strength of M35-M50.

The outer wall of the hollow block must be no thinner than 20 mm.

There are reinforced hollow products with a wall thickness of 40mm. Standard specifications M75-F50-D1050. They are recommended for load-bearing walls up to 3 floors.

In self-supporting walls with concrete floors for which high loads are planned, solid blocks with a brand of density D1100 - D1800, strength M100 - M500 and having high frost resistance from F50 are used.

Combined masonry is used to reduce the weight of the wall. For the front side, they take facing expanded clay concrete products with a tensile strength of M35, and as an ordinary solid block M100. As a result, we obtain not only a reduction in weight, but also a reduction in heat loss.

Thermal conductivity of the material

Expanded clay products, for external walls, thermal conductivity is normalized. The thickness of the walls depends on the thermal conductivity of the material. Below is a part of the table for residential and domestic buildings and structures, without correction factors, on the basis of which you can calculate the depth of the wall from expanded clay concrete blocks yourself.

Normalized values of resistance to heat transfer of walls R m2? C/W

The full data of the table with correction factors and the calculation rules can be found in SNiP 23-02-2003.

Multiply the mathematical difference between the recommended indoor temperature and the average daily outdoor temperature during the heating period by the number of days of the official heating period. The result is rounded within the table.

Wall thickness:

Based on the data in the table, we multiply the resistance coefficient R by the thermal conductivity of the block. The result obtained is the depth of the wall.

For example, degree-day D for Krasnodar is 2380?2000, respectively, the heat transfer resistance is R -2.1. There is a claydite-concrete block M50-F50-D950, dimensions 380 × 190 × 188 with a thermal conductivity of 0.19-0.26 W / m.

The thermal conductivity of the expanded clay concrete block in the masonry increases, therefore, in the calculations, we take the maximum value.

Water absorption

Frost resistance is directly related to such a parameter as water absorption. The block can absorb from 10 to 50% of water from its own weight. Water crystallizing destroys the product. Usually, in the walls, expanded clay concrete blocks are plastered from the inside, and protected from the outside with facing material. Facial products have low moisture permeability. Therefore, there is no need to focus on water absorption parameters, the main criterion is frost resistance.

Color spectrum

Any color can be. It matters only when facing the building and depends on the aesthetic perception of the owner.

The criteria by which it is necessary to choose expanded clay concrete blocks for load-bearing walls are mechanical strength, frost resistance and weight. Thanks to modern heat-insulating materials, heat loss can be reduced not by increasing the thickness of the walls. Blocks with specifications from:

M35 to M100
F50 to F100
D 600 to D1400

It is advisable to use for load-bearing walls in low-rise private construction.

It is one of the varieties of concrete. Recently, this material has become increasingly used for various works: the construction of cottages, outbuildings, garages, etc. Also, expanded clay concrete is used to fill the frame of multi-storey buildings built of reinforced concrete. Expanded clay concrete is so popular that it is used in almost all countries of the world, or rather, already made blocks of expanded clay concrete are used.

Order expanded clay concrete blocks on favorable terms by calling us at:

or submit an application via .

Those who have not yet been able to appreciate all the advantages of expanded clay concrete are already beginning to celebrate them. Those who decide to start building a house from this material should carefully study the issue regarding the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks.

Let's see why this nuance is so important.

The dependence of the thickness on the type of masonry

The thickness of the wall erected with blocks of expanded clay concrete, first of all, depends on the choice of the type of masonry. In turn, each type depends on the weather and climate. It is also necessary to consider how much the building will be used. In capital construction, other building materials can also be used: brick, cinder blocks or foam blocks. The thickness of the walls of the future building will also depend on what kind of thermal insulation of the room will be needed. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the thermal conductivity and moisture-repellent characteristics of the material used.

Depending on which masonry option is chosen, the thickness of the walls will also be calculated. At the same time, both the internal and external layers of plaster, which are used to decorate the walls, are also considered.

Masonry options:

The first option: the supporting wall is built from blocks with a size of 390/190/200 mm. In this case, the blocks are laid with a thickness of 400 mm, without taking into account, at the same time, the inner layers of plaster.
The second option: the load-bearing wall is laid in blocks measuring 590 by 290 by 200 mm. In such a situation, the size of the wall should be 600 mm, and the resulting voids in the blocks are filled with insulation.
The third option: when using blocks of expanded clay concrete measuring 235 by 500 and 200mm, the resulting wall will be 500mm. In addition, layers of plaster are added to the calculations on both sides of the wall.

Influence of thermal conductivity

Scheme of a block of expanded clay concrete.

Before starting any construction work, you need to calculate the thermal conductivity coefficient, since it is of great importance for the durability of the structure. The resulting coefficient is necessary to calculate the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Thermal conductivity is a characteristic of a material that indicates the ability to transfer heat from warm to cold objects.

In calculations, this characteristic of the material is shown through a certain coefficient, which takes into account the parameters of the objects between which heat exchange occurs, as well as the time and amount of heat. From the coefficient, you can find out how much heat can be transferred in one hour from one object to another, while the size of the objects is 1m2 (area) by 1m2 (thickness).

Different characteristics affect the thermal conductivity of a material in different ways. These characteristics include: size, composition, type and presence of voids in the material. Thermal conductivity is also influenced by air temperature and humidity. For example, porous materials have low thermal conductivity.

During the construction of each particular house, its own thickness of future walls is measured. It may vary depending on the purpose of the building. For the construction of a residential building, the thickness of the walls must be exactly 64 cm, which is prescribed in special norms and rules for construction work. But, some think differently, and I make a load-bearing wall only 39cm thick. In fact, such calculations are suitable only if for a summer house, garage or country cottage.

Wall thickness calculation example

The calculation must be made very accurately. It is necessary to take into account the best thickness of walls erected from expanded clay concrete material. In order to make an accurate calculation, you need to use a special formula.

To do this, you need to know only two quantities: the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer.

The first value is denoted by the symbol "λ" and the second by "Rreg". The value of the drag coefficient is influenced by such a factor as the weather conditions of the area where construction work will be carried out. This coefficient can be determined according to building rules and regulations.

The thickness of the future wall is indicated by the icon "δ". And the formula for its calculation will look like this:

δ = Rreg x λ

For example, you can calculate the required wall thickness for the construction of a building in Moscow or the Moscow region. The heat transfer resistance coefficient for this area has already been calculated and is approximately 3-3.1. The thickness of the block itself can be any, for example, take 0.19 W. After calculating the above formula, we get the following:

δ \u003d 3 x 0.19 \u003d 0.57 m.

That is, the thickness of the walls should be 57 cm.

Most experienced builders advise building walls with a thickness of 40 to 60 cm, provided that the building is located in the central regions of Russia.

Thus, by calculating a simple formula, it is possible to build walls that will ensure not only the safety of the structure, but also its strength and durability. By performing such a simple action, you can build a truly strong and reliable home.

Expanded clay blocks are used for the construction of various outbuildings and one-story, two- or three-story houses. This building material is laid in the same way as a brick. Expanded clay blocks can be used not only for the construction of walls, but also for partitions.

Foreman's advice: during construction, blocks of expanded clay concrete must be turned upside down so that the mortar does not get into them.

Technical characteristics of expanded clay concrete

The density of this building material can be different: from 500 to 1800 kg/m3.

Strength can vary according to classes B3.5-B40, and can also be characterized by the grades of cement used in their production. The frost resistance class of expanded clay concrete blocks varies from F25 to F300.

This building material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, low weight, durability and complete environmental safety. With an excess of moisture in the room, expanded clay concrete blocks absorb its excess, which allows you to maintain an optimal level of humidity.

The sizes of expanded clay concrete blocks from different manufacturers may vary. Standard sizes are 400x100x200 and 200x100x200, but deviations in dimensions can reach 50 mm.

Foreman's advice: before buying expanded clay blocks for construction, you should carefully weigh all this material.

Wall thickness

To determine the thickness of the walls that your building should have, you need to multiply a special indicator by the thermal conductivity coefficient. The indicator that needs to be taken for calculation depends on the climatic conditions in the area where the building will be built, and the type of building itself.

The simplest wall is obtained from expanded clay blocks, the width of which is 190 mm. On the outside, it will need to be covered with plaster, and on the inside - insulated. Thus, you can build a garage or warehouse, but not a living space. When building a two- or three-story house, the wall thickness must be at least 400 mm. In the central regions of Russia, the wall thickness of a residential building made of expanded clay concrete blocks should be 400-600 mm, and the density of the building material should be more than 1000 kg / m3.

- a very common material that is widely used in the construction of not only houses, but also non-residential buildings. Walls built from high-quality expanded clay concrete blocks retain their performance for 50-75 years.

Today, there are few countries left where wall blocks made of expanded clay concrete are not used in construction. But even where this technology has not yet received great popularity, attention is increasingly paid to its merits.

Those who want to build using this material have to be interested in such a parameter as the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Only by determining its values, you can achieve the maximum effect in terms of heat and sound insulation. Otherwise, the quality of the walls will be ensured by the physical properties of the building material, which is not afraid of corrosion, damage by rodents and insects, or fungus.

Thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete blocks as a factor affecting wall thickness

Taking into account the calculation of the optimal thickness, it should be borne in mind that this material is warm enough. Empirically found that it reduces heat loss by 75%. This allows you not to make the walls of buildings too thick.

The basis of the heat and sound insulation qualities of expanded clay concrete blocks is the structure of expanded clay - a light and fairly strong porous material obtained by special firing of clay (shale).

The degree of thermal conductivity, respectively, and the thickness of the wall of blocks directly depend on the concentration and size of expanded clay granules in the solution, which also includes cement, sand and water.

What is thermal conductivity as a physical property? This term refers to the ability of a material to transfer heat.

The volume and rate of heat transfer from heated bodies to colder ones is calculated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which establishes the quantitative indicators of heat passing through a body in 1 hour, which has a base area of 1 sq. m and a thickness of 1 m. In this case, the temperature difference between two opposite surfaces of the object must be at least 1 ° C.

In accordance with the concentration of insulation, concretes from which blocks for walls are made are divided into structural, structural and heat-insulating and heat-insulating.

They have the following characteristics:

Structural. It is used for the construction of load-bearing supports and structures of buildings of various types. It has a density up to 1800 kg/m 3 . Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.55 W / (m * ⁰ С).
Structural and thermal insulation. It is used in the manufacture of single-layer prefabricated panels. Density - 700-800 kg / m 3. Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.22-0.44 W / (m * ⁰ С).
Heat insulating. It is used as a heater in various mounting structures. It has a density up to 600 kg/m 3 . Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.11-0.19 W / (m * ⁰ С).

In addition, the larger the aggregate granules in the solution, the lower the thermal conductivity of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Accordingly, this factor also affects the thickness of the stone.

Thus, the use of expanded clay concrete blocks gives builders the opportunity to erect buildings quickly enough and with a significantly lower load on the foundation. But in order to achieve the optimal temperature regime in the interior of the house, for example, in central Russia, it is necessary to lay out walls of expanded clay concrete blocks so that their thickness is at least 64-65 cm.

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Popular sizes of standard expanded clay concrete blocks

Modern manufacturers of building materials have mastered a large number of different types of expanded clay blocks. But the most popular in construction today are products with dimensions of 390x190x90 mm and 390x190x188 mm.

Most often they are used in the construction of residential and industrial premises, as well as many civil engineering projects. With their help, both load-bearing walls and interior partitions are built.

The simplest calculation shows that in terms of its dimensions, one block with this porous aggregate is equal to the volume of approximately 6-7 ordinary clay bricks. Given these parameters, we can say that the use of expanded clay concrete blocks not only speeds up the entire process, but also allows builders to save on masonry cement mortar, the consumption of which in this case is noticeably reduced.

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Wall thickness: calculation example depending on the operating conditions of the building

To make an accurate calculation of the most optimal thickness of a wall erected from expanded clay concrete blocks, it is necessary to use a completely simple mathematical operation in one step.

But for this, builders-masons should know two values: the coefficient of thermal conductivity already mentioned above, which is indicated by the symbol "λ" in the calculation formula, and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer, which is directly dependent on the type of structure being built and on the weather and climatic conditions of that area where the building will be used in the future. This value is indicated in the formula "R reg" and is determined according to the consolidated standards in SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings".

Thus, the thickness of the wall under construction from expanded clay concrete blocks, marked with the sign "δ", is calculated by the following formula:

δ = Rreg x λ.

For example, you can calculate the thickness that the expanded clay concrete walls of buildings under construction in the capital of the Russian Federation should have. Based on the fact that R reg for Moscow and the Moscow region is officially set at 3-3.1, the value we are looking for for a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks with a thermal conductivity coefficient, for example, 0.19 W / (m * ⁰ С), will be equal to :

δ \u003d 3 x 0.19 \u003d 0.57 m.

As mentioned earlier, the scope of application of masonry elements made from this material also depends on the density of the building material in question. So, the SNiP 23-02-2003 already mentioned here determines that when using blocks with a density of 500 kg / m 3 in the process of creating insulation units for door and window openings, attics and basements, the walls of these structures should be at least 0.18 m thick subject to the obligatory finishing of the main wall with facing ceramic bricks. If, for example, blocks with a density of 900 kg / m 3 are used for the installation of the same nodes, then the minimum thickness should be 0.38 m.

So, experts recommend that when building objects in the central regions of Russia, if we are talking about single-layer expanded clay concrete walls, focus on their thickness in the range from 40 to 60 cm. At the same time, it is necessary that the density of hollow (with through and airtight voids) blocks be about 700 -1000 kg / m 3, while for solid (monolithic) blocks, the specified parameter should be more than 1000 kg / m 3.

Thus, knowing the parameters of expanded clay concrete elements, it is possible to build a house with walls of such a thickness that would ideally ensure the durability, safety and comfort of the home.

The construction of walls from blocks based on expanded clay concrete is characterized by a number of advantages, among which are:

high strength indicators;
powerful thermal insulation properties;
simplicity and perfect quality of finishing, etc.

Laying technology using jute tape, which is placed in the space between the inner and outer strip of mortar, guarantees the prevention of the appearance of "cold bridges". Popular material is used in almost all countries, no matter what climate zone they are in.

Blocks of the Aleksinsky plant for walls with a thickness of 0.4 and 0.6 m

It is possible to squeeze out the maximum of advantages from the use of expanded clay concrete blocks with the correct determination of the thickness of the walls. Sometimes construction features require the use of supporting walls in masonry, in addition to blocks based on expanded clay concrete, bricks and other types of blocks. You need to know exactly what the thermal insulation characteristics of the walls of the object should be.

The most common are two solutions: supporting walls from blocks based on expanded clay concrete are built with a thickness of 0.4 or 0.6 m (without internal plaster and external finishing).

A thickness of 0.4 meters can be achieved using expanded clay concrete blocks measuring 390:190:188 mm solid (M75 F50 D1300) and hollow 2 (M25 F35 D800), 4 (M35 F35 D900) and 8-slot (M35 F35 D900) type.

When creating walls with a thickness of 0.6 meters, 6-slot hollow claydite-concrete blocks of the format 300x390x188 or 600x390x188 mm should be used. When constructing partitions, blocks of the M75 D1300 brand of 120x390x188 format or hollow PCC 80 and 90 mm thick - 390x90 (80) x188 can be used.

Everything that is required to solve construction problems is present in the assortment of expanded clay concrete blocks of the Aleksinsky plant.

About the nuances of choosing a thickness

The relevant standards indicate the thickness of the walls to be followed in a particular region of the country. In the Central District of the Russian Federation, for the walls of residential buildings, it is recommended with a certain margin of thickness of 64 cm, for other buildings - 0.4 m. A parameter above 0.6 m is somewhat overestimated against the calculated data. A simple formula takes into account the values of 2 coefficients:

thermal conductivity "λ";
heat transfer resistance "Rreg".

The thickness of the supporting walls δ = Rreg (3.0-3.1 in the Central District of the Russian Federation) x λ (0.19) = 0.57 m. By adhering to this standard in the capital and nearby regions, you can build a guaranteed reliable, safe building with a long service life .