Treaty of 1681. Russian-Turkish wars Bakhchisarai peace treaty (1681) (reference). See what the “Bakhchisaray World” is in other dictionaries

10. BAKCHISARAI FOUNTAIN. ESSAY BY ALEXANDER PUSHKIN. Third edition. St. Petersburg, in type. Dept. public education, 1830. (46 pages in the 8th page) “The Bakhchisarai Fountain”, an essay by A. S. Pushkin, was printed with the third embossing: the same format with short poems by the same author,

About the truce between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Concluded on January 3 (13) in Bakhchisarai. Completed the Russian-Turkish war of 1676-81 (see Russo-Turkish wars). Negotiations in Bakhchisarai began at the end of 1679. 26.8 (5.9).1680 Duma nobleman V. M. Tyapkin, clerk N. M. Zotov and S. Rakovich - representative of the hetman of Left Bank Ukraine I. S. Samoilovich were sent to the Crimea, they were joined by the boyar V. B. Sheremetev, who was in captivity . The Turkish side was represented by the Crimean Khan Murad-Girey. According to the Bakhchisarai Peace Treaty, a truce was established for 20 years; the border between the Russian state and the Ottoman Empire ran along the Dnieper River, the city of Kyiv and the surrounding area (including the cities of Vasilkov, Trypillya, Stayki, etc.) remained with Russia; both sides were forbidden to build fortresses in a strip of 10 versts from the Dnieper all the way to Zaporozhye; the Tatars received the right to roam and hunt in the steppes along the banks of the Dnieper and its tributaries, and the Cossacks and other Russian population- the right to fish on the Dnieper and its tributaries, salt extraction, hunting and free navigation to the Black Sea; prisoners were exchanged; the Crimean Khan took an obligation not to attack Russian lands. However, upon ratification, the Crimean Khan unilaterally excluded two articles from the treaty (on the freedom of Tatar migration and the rights of the Russian population; on the prohibition of providing assistance to the “tsarist enemies”, raising the issue of P. D. Doroshenko, etc.). Tyapkin and Zotov initially refused to accept the letters in this form, but then, under pressure from the Khan and the Turkish Sultan, they were forced to do so. To approve the Peace of Bakhchisaray by the Sultan in 1681, the okolnichy I.I. Chirkov, who died on the way, and the clerk P.B. Voznitsyn, who played a decisive role at this stage of the negotiations, were sent to Constantinople. In the final charter of the Turkish Sultan, issued to Voznitsyn on 4(14).5.1682, there was no clause on the citizenship of the Cossacks to the Russian Tsar; Russian subjects could go to trade in right side Dnieper only upon payment of the fee, permission was given for pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem. The main result of the Bakhchisarai Peace was the recognition by the Ottoman Empire of the reunification of Left Bank Ukraine and Kyiv with the surrounding area with the Russian state. In 1684, the Crimean Khan Selim Giray I confirmed the Peace of Bakhchisarai, and in 1685 the treaty was finally ratified by Sultan Mehmed IV.

Source: Complete collection laws Russian Empire. Meeting 1st. St. Petersburg, 1830. T. 2. No. 854, 863, 864, 896, 916; Article list of steward Vasily Tyapkin and clerk Nikita Zotov... Od., 1850.

Lit.: Smirnov N.A. Russia and Türkiye in the 16th-17th centuries // Uch. Western Moscow State University. 1946. Issue. 94. T. 2: XVII century; Solovyov S. M. History of Russia since ancient times // Solovyov S. M. Collection. essay M., 1991. Book. 7. T. 13; The Ottoman Empire and the countries of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe in the 17th century M., 2001. Part 2; Khodyreva G.V. Russian-Turkish negotiations of 1681-1682 on the ratification of the Bakhchisarai Peace Treaty // Domestic history. 2003. № 2.

Photo: Capture of Turkish and Tatar fortresses by Russian troops and Cossack regiments. Engraving by L. Tarasevich.

On January 23, 1681, the Peace of Bakhchisarai was signed between Russia, Turkey and the Crimean Khanate. He ended the long nine-year war in the Northern Black Sea region. The first attempts to stop the bloodshed were made by the Russian Empire in 1678. Then the nobleman Vasily Daudov went to Istanbul. He had to persuade the Turkish Sultan to put pressure on the dependent Ottoman Empire Crimean Khan and persuade him to begin peace negotiations with the Russian and Ukrainian Cossacks.

Not in last resort The Bakhchisarai peace was postponed over and over again due to the enormous distances that the ambassadors had to overcome. Complex trilateral diplomacy also had its effect. First, in 1679, the Turkish vizier Mehmed IV gave the go-ahead for peace. Only after this did the new Russian embassy go to Crimea to Murad Giray.

In the summer of 1680, clerk Nikita Zotov and steward Vasily Tyapkin arrived in Bakhchisarai. A serious obstacle to the settlement of relations between the warring countries was Ivan Samoilovich, the hetman of the Zaporozhye Army. Before leaving, Vasily Tyapkin had difficulty persuading him to agree to new borders along the Dnieper. After the Cossacks accepted the conditions, it became a matter of time to accept the Bakhchisarai Peace.

In December, a draft of the treaty was sent to Istanbul. The Turkish Sultan agreed on the terms and made it clear to the Crimean Khan that it was necessary to accept the Russian offer. According to the Bakhchisarai Peace, a 20-year truce began. The parties also agreed to exchange prisoners.

The agreement signed in Bakhchisarai also had serious political consequences. The Russian delegation tried for a long time to persuade the opposite side to finally transfer the Zaporozhye Sich to the Tsar. However, on this issue the Turks refused to make concessions. Thus, Russia had only Kyiv and its surrounding environs on the right bank of the Dnieper.

Now, after many years of war, the status of Right Bank Ukraine has become clear and definite. The Turks began active economic development of this region, although Russian ambassadors sought recognition of the region as a neutral zone. Tyapkin's exhortations were in vain. Ottoman fortresses and settlements began to appear on the Right Bank.

Soon after the signing of the important document, it became clear that the war between the restless neighbors had stopped for only a short time. At the end of 1681, Polish authorities informed the Russian Tsar that the Turkish Sultan was preparing for another attack on Austria. A new coalition began to take shape in Europe. It included all the Christian powers that neighbored the Ottoman Empire and were afraid of its incessant onslaught on the Old World.

Although Turkey managed to conquer Right Bank Ukraine, the policies of its local authorities led to the weakening of the Porte's position in this region. New order affected Christian residents immediately after the Peace of Bakhchisarai was signed. The terms of the treaty allowed the Sultan to begin a policy of Islamization in Right Bank Ukraine. The local population fled en masse from the rule of Turkey and its vassal Moldova. The excessive harshness with which the Ottomans tried to gain a foothold on the Right Bank played a cruel joke on them. Although at the end of the 17th century Türkiye reached the maximum of its territorial expansion, it was after the Peace of Bakhchisarai that its gradual decline began. The Ottoman dominant status in the Black Sea region was encroached upon by Russia, which was gaining strength.

Detailed solution to paragraph §1 on history for 8th grade students, authors N.M. Arsentiev, A.A. Danilov, I.V. Kurukin. 2016

• GDZ working History notebook for grade 8 can be found

Questions and tasks for working with the text of a paragraph

1. What countries and peoples were part of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 17th century? When and how did they come under Ottoman rule?

During this period, the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful countries in the world - a multinational, multilingual state, stretching from the southern borders of the Holy Roman Empire, the outskirts of Vienna, the Kingdom of Hungary and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the north, to Yemen and Eritrea in the south, from Algeria in the west, to Caspian Sea in the east. As a result of numerous conquests, most of South-Eastern Europe (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Albania), Western Asia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Syria, Western Arabia) and North Africa(Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt). At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire consisted of 32 provinces and numerous vassal states (Transylvania, Crimean Khanate, Hetmanate, etc.).

2. Why did Türkiye and Russia conclude the Bakhchisarai Peace?

Fearing the advance of Turkey and its Crimean Khanate, Russia tried to strengthen its position in Ukraine. In 1676, Russian troops captured Bohdan Khmelnytsky's former capital Chihyryn and forced Hetman Doroshenko to relinquish power. Considering Right Bank Ukraine his own, the Turkish Sultan sent a large army to liberate Chigirin, to which the Crimean cavalry was also added. Almost two years passed before the combined forces of the Turks and Crimeans managed to re-occupy the Cossack capital. However, during the fighting it was burned to the ground. Preparing a new campaign against Austria, the Turkish Sultan agreed to conclude a peace treaty with Russia, signed in Bakhchisarai in 1681.

3. Can the struggle of European countries with the Ottoman Empire be called religious wars? Explain your opinion.

The war with the Ottoman Empire was perceived as religious. In 1684, for the final expulsion of the Turks from Europe, the Holy League was created on the initiative of Pope Innocent XI. The league included the Holy Roman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Venetian Republic. The main task of the league was to inflict military defeats on the Turks not only in the Balkans, but also in the Northern Black Sea region, as well as in the sea.

In addition to military clashes, religious wars involve ideological struggle. Fighting against the Ottomans were accompanied by an information war in the European press. For example, European newspapers distributed forged letters from the Sultan to the rulers of Europe, full of threats and insults. Another type of propaganda materials were fake omens and prophecies that “reliably testified” to the imminent fall of the Ottoman Empire. There were serious contradictions in the “Christian camp” on foreign policy and religious issues. Catholic France and Protestant states did not want to participate in the Holy League; the league could not solve its problems without the participation of Orthodox Russia.

4. Describe the position taken by the Crimean Khanate in the conflict between the Holy League and Turkey.

The Crimean Khanate, as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, was obliged to pursue a foreign policy hostile to the Moscow state, but the Crimean khans often acted on the Russian side during the wars between Moscow and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, not wanting excessive strengthening of either side. In the second half of the 17th century, a conflict flared up between the Polish government and the Ukrainian Cossacks, who by that time represented a serious military force. Hetman Khmelnitsky tried to enlist the support of Crimea in the fight against the Poles, but the Tatars showed themselves to be very unreliable allies, maneuvering between warring parties. On April 27, 1670, a peace treaty was signed between the Muscovite kingdom and the Crimean Khanate, in which the khan, with reservations, recognized the inclusion of Left Bank Ukraine into Russia. Crimea was supposed to help the Cossacks in the war with Poland, and the Cossacks, in turn, were supposed to help the khan free himself from dependence on Turkey. However, things did not come to an alliance. the project remained unfulfilled.

5. Formulate the main principles foreign policy France in the second half of the 17th century. Why was it initially successful and then followed by failures?

In the second half of the 17th century, France became the leading power in Europe, and even in the world, replacing Spain in this place. France becomes the most populous. the most extensive state in terms of territory, has a huge standing army (up to 200 thousand soldiers), a rich treasury. Such power, such opportunities determined the principles of foreign policy: “state interest”; "political balance"; protection of “natural boundaries”; the laws of war and peace; freedom of the seas; inviolability of an international treaty. State interest - the state is above all and all means are good to strengthen it. Predominantly Catholic France attacked Catholic Spain and enjoyed the support of Protestant countries (the War of spanish inheritance). Natural boundaries mean you need to capture what you can then hold. It was believed that France should return to the borders of Charlemagne's empire (the war against Holland). Taking advantage of the fact that Austria could not provide assistance to Spain, France fought wars for the Spanish Netherlands and border lands in Germany. Initially, she succeeded, but after the defeat of Turkey and the victories of the united Anglo-Dutch fleet at sea. France could not find allies, and she had to fight wars along the entire perimeter of her borders.

6. Which states fought for control of the Baltic Sea in the 17th century? What alliances were formed during this struggle?

In the 17th century Sweden, Russia, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Denmark fought for control of the Baltic Sea. By the beginning of the 18th century. The Swedes controlled almost the entire Baltic coast. Russia did not forget about the need to return previously lost exits to the Baltic Sea. The Saxon elector Augustus II sought to become king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and gain control of Estland and Livonia. Danish interests were focused on the Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp, which was controlled by Sweden. In September 1699, an agreement was concluded between Saxony and Denmark, and in November of the same year - between Saxony and Russia. However, the conclusion of these agreements and the formation of the Northern Alliance did not mean a strong military alliance between them. Sweden also took steps to seek allies in a possible war, concluding alliance treaties with England and Holland. In support of her strong ground army was the Anglo-Dutch fleet, which was at that time the strongest in the world.

Working with the map

1. Show on a map the territories captured by the Ottoman Turks in Europe. Which countries were dependent on the Ottoman Empire?

As a result of numerous conquests, most of South-Eastern Europe (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Albania) and numerous vassal states (Transylvania, Crimean Khanate, Hetmanate, etc.) were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.

2. Find on the map the territories that were subjected to particularly heavy raids Crimean Tatars.

The primitive cattle-breeding economy could not provide the population with the products necessary to support life. Tatar campaigns and raids ravaged Podolia, Bukovina, Bratslav region, Volyn. During these military campaigns they reached Lviv, Kyiv and Krakow. The troops of the Crimean Khan began to ravage the outskirts of Tula, Serpukhov, Kashira and other Russian cities. In 1635-1654. A system of border fortifications was erected - the Belgorod defensive line. A continuous rampart with a palisade began in Akhtyrka (near Kharkov) and through Belgorod, Kozlov and Tambov reached Simbirsk on the Volga, covering Russian lands. Therefore, the intensity of Crimean raids on Russia decreased noticeably.

3. Based on the map, explain why Russia was able to begin a decisive fight against the Crimean-Ottoman threat only after the annexation of Left Bank Ukraine.

Russia was able to begin a decisive fight against the Crimean-Ottoman threat only after the annexation of Left Bank Ukraine, having received the necessary strongholds.

4. Show the Baltic states on the map. What lands in the Baltic states did Russia lose at the beginning of the 17th century? Who did these lands go to?

At the beginning of the 17th century. as a result Polish-Swedish intervention and the Russian-Polish War, Russia lost land along the Gulf of Finland (that is, it was cut off from the Baltic Sea). The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took possession of the northern part of Latvia (north of the Daugava River) and Southern Estonia, which was occupied by Russian troops during the Livonian War. This entire territory formed a special province called the Duchy of Zadvina. In 1581, Riga also came under Polish rule. To the south of the Daugava, the Duchy of Kurzeme and Zemgale (Courland), dependent on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was formed, which became a hereditary fief to the last master of the Livonian Order, Gotthard Ketler. A special territory was formed by the Courland bishopric, from which the autonomous Pilten region was subsequently formed, subordinate directly to the Polish king. Northern Estonia was captured by Sweden. The islands of Saaremaa and Muhu, captured by Denmark during the Livonian War, remained in their possession until 1645, when they passed to Sweden as a result of the war.

We think, compare, reflect

1. With additional sources collect information about the conflict European countries with the Ottoman Empire in the 16th–17th centuries. Write a short essay on this topic.

Strong military and bureaucratic structures were weakened by anarchy during the reign of weak-willed sultans. The Turks gradually fell behind the Europeans in military affairs. The innovation, accompanied by powerful expansion, was the beginning of the suppression of the growing conservatism of believers and intellectuals. But despite these difficulties, the Ottoman Empire continued to be a major expansionist power until it was defeated at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, ending the Turkish advance in Europe.

The opening of new sea routes to Asia allowed Europeans to escape the monopoly of the Ottoman Empire. The discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by the Portuguese in 1488 began a series of Ottoman-Portuguese wars in the Indian Ocean that continued throughout the 16th century. From an economic point of view, the enormous influx of silver to the Spaniards, who were exporting it from the New World, caused a sharp depreciation of the Ottoman Empire's currency and rampant inflation.

Under Ivan the Terrible, the Muscovite kingdom captured the Volga region and fortified itself on the coast of the Caspian Sea. In 1571, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray, with the support of the Ottoman Empire, burned Moscow. But in 1572, the Crimean Tatars were defeated in the Battle of Molodi. The Crimean Khanate continued to raid Rus' during the later Tatar-Mongol raids on Russian lands, and Eastern Europe continued to be under the influence of the Crimean Tatars until the end of the 17th century.

In 1571, the troops of the Holy League defeated the Turks in naval battle at Lepanto. This event was a symbolic blow to the reputation of the invincible Ottoman Empire. The Turks lost a lot of people, the losses of the fleet were much lower. The power of the Ottoman fleet was quickly restored, and in 1573 the Porte persuaded Venice to sign a peace treaty. Thanks to this, the Turks gained a foothold in North Africa.

The Habsburgs created the Military Krajina, which defended the Habsburg Monarchy from the Turks. The weakening of the Ottoman Empire's personnel policy in the war with Habsburg Austria caused the former to lack armaments in the Thirteen Years' War. This contributed to low discipline in the army and open disobedience to command. By 1600, the empire's population had reached 30,000,000, and land shortages put even more pressure on the Porte. With the assistance of the Köprülü viziers, the Turks regained Transylvania, captured Crete in 1669 and Podolia in 1676.

In May 1683, a huge Turkish army under the command of Kara Mustafa Pasha laid siege to Vienna. The Turks hesitated the last assault and were defeated in the Battle of Vienna in September of the same year by the troops of the Habsburgs, Germans and Poles. Defeat in the battle forced the Turks to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz with the Holy League on January 26, 1699, ending the Great Turkish War. The Turks ceded many territories to the League. From 1695, the Ottomans waged a counter-offensive in Hungary, which ended in a crushing defeat at the Battle of Zenta on September 11, 1697.

3. Make a detailed plan on the topic: “Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: from centuries-old enmity to union.” Draw conclusions.

1. Livonian War 1558-1583. Creation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1.1. Invasion of Russian troops into Livonia (1558). Capture of Narva, Dorpat, Polotsk by Russian troops.

1.2. Union of Lublin (1569). Unification of Lithuania and Poland.

1.3. The unsuccessful siege of Revel by Russian troops (1577), the capture of Polotsk by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth troops and the siege of Pskov.

1.4. Peace of Yam-Zapolsky (1582): Russia’s loss of all its conquests.

2. The uprisings of Kosinsky and Nalivaiko: the formation of the Ukrainian Cossacks as an important political force.

3. " Time of Troubles» in Russia and Russian-Polish war(1609–1618)

3.1. Help from Polish magnates to False Dmitry I and False Dmitry II.

3.2. Vyborg Treaty (1609) on the union of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with the Kingdom of Sweden, the capture of Moscow and the captivity of V. Shuisky.

3.3. Second people's militia and liberation of Moscow (1612)

3.4. Deulin truce (1618), the Smolensk, Starodub and Chernigov lands were transferred to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

4. Uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky (1648–1654)

5. Pereyaslav Rada and the Russian-Polish War (1654–1667). Russia's annexation of Left Bank Ukraine and Kyiv, official recognition of the return of Smolensk and Bryansk under the Truce of Andrusovo (1667)

6. “Eternal Peace” (1682): an opportunity for the unification of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against Tatar-Turkish aggression and the basis of the alliance in the Northern War (1700−1721)

Conclusion: thus, the relationship between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia was part of the system international relations in Europe in the 16th–17th centuries. They were complicated by mutual territorial and dynastic claims, and the struggle for influence in the Baltic states and Ukraine. The rapprochement of the two states was facilitated by the need for a joint struggle against Sweden and the Ottoman Empire.

4. What were the main objectives of Russian foreign policy at the end of the 17th century? Prepare the answer to this question in the form of a note from the envoy of one of the countries Western Europe, arrived from Moscow.

Truly, no matter in government requires such prudence as the choice of persons appointed to embassy to foreign sovereigns or peoples. Those sent to foreign states can be compared to veins located in the bowels of the earth, the purpose of which is to convey, in accordance with the layers through which they pass, to their homeland juices that are healing or harmful to its composition. That is why his sacred Tsar Majesty, with his merciful eye, with his innate royal complacency, measured the strength of those who expressed a desire to take on this honorable burden. Finally, his sacred Tsar's Majesty decided to elect the most remarkable Mr. Christopher Ignatius, the noble Mr. Guarient-Ralle, the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of the Ugric Cavalier, the actual court-military adviser to his Tsar's Majesty. Indeed, there could not have been a better choice. This diplomat, based on many years of experience, thoroughly knows the world, and his mind is refined by practice in government affairs. Great value What also gives this man in the eyes of the emperor is that he knows very well the morals and spirit of the Moscow people, because Gvarient had previously been at the Caesar's embassy in Muscovy.

His Royal Majesty, having received the ambassador, told him that it would not be bad to take Russian ships into the Baltic Sea, but first of all, one should provide for oneself regarding the port, otherwise the entire fleet could become a playground for the winds or the prey of enemies. Taking into account the reliable information provided about the shortcomings suffered by the people, the Tsar's Majesty wishes to provide a special favor to the coastal cities with his benefaction and lay a solid foundation for trade. The ambassador also received notification of the happy successes that crowned Russian army, about the noble victory over the Tatars. Undoubtedly, this victory will help protect the southern borders from the Ottoman Empire.

ended the wars of the 1670s. Russia with Turkey and the Crimean Khanate. Aug 26 1680 Russians were sent to Crimea. ambassadors: resident in Poland V. M. Tyapkin, clerk N. M. Zotov and Ukrainian. clerk S. Rakovich, the Crimea was ordered to achieve recognition of the rights of Rus. states to Kyiv and Zaporozhye. The agreement was concluded in Bakhchisarai on January 13. Its main conditions: truce for 20 years; the border between Russia and Turkey passes along the Dnieper; for 20 years, both sides cannot build and restore fortifications between the Bug and the Dnieper, populate these lands, or accept defectors; the Tatars received the right to roam and hunt in the steppes along the banks of the Dnieper and near other rivers, and the Cossacks and other Russians. population - the right to fish in the Dnieper and its tributaries, salt extraction, hunting and free navigation along the Dnieper to the Black Sea; Kyiv, Vasilkov, Trypillya, the towns of Dedovshchina and Radomyshl remained with Russia. Türkiye recognized the reunification of Left Bank Ukraine and Kyiv with Russia, and the Zaporozhye Cossacks as its subjects.

View value Bakhchisarai Peace Treaty 1681 in other dictionaries

Treaty 1- agreement
contract
condition
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Treaty 2— pact
agreement
convention
treatise
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Peaceful- peace-loving
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Agreement- agreements, pl. agreements, agreements, and (colloquially) agreements, pl. contracts, agreements, m. Agreement, condition concluded between two or more persons; mutual obligation.........
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Peaceful- etc. see reconcile, and peace.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Peaceful- peaceful, peaceful; peaceful, peaceful, peaceful. 1. Not prone to hostility, quarrel, peaceful, loving peace and harmony. character. Peaceful neighbors. . people. disposition ? Based on consent.........
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Agreement M.— 1. An agreement (usually written) establishing mutual obligations between states, institutions, and individuals. // Agreement between an institution, an enterprise........
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Peaceful Adj.— 1. Correlative in meaning. with noun: world (2*) associated with it. 2. Peculiar to the world (2*1), characteristic of it. // Full of agreement and friendliness. // Flowing in the environment........
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Agreement- -A; m.; (colloquial) AGREEMENT, -a; pl. contracts; m. Written or oral agreement, a condition of mutual obligations. D. for the supply of timber. D. about friendship and mutual assistance. Peaceful........
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Accession Agreement— An agreement in which the Crimean state accedes to an agreement previously concluded between other states.
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Social Contract— - a theory that states that legitimate power arises from the voluntary agreement of free and virtuous people.
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A Contract With Yourself- (SELF-CONTRACT). A written agreement specifying the behavior to be changed and its consequences in the self-management program. (J. Frager, J. Fadyman, p. 705)
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Federative Treaty of the Russian Federation— - the generalized name of three important documents of a constitutional nature that define the foundations of the federal structure of Russia, signed by the plenipotentiaries......
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Copyright Agreement- an agreement between the author of a work, invention and publishers, performers, users of copyrighted works, which establishes the conditions of use........
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Author's Order Agreement — -
civil contract under which
the author undertakes to create the work in accordance with the terms
agreements and
pass it on
to the customer. Customer........
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Agency Agreement — -
a civil contract under which one party (
agent) undertakes to
principal) legal........
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Agency Agreement (agency)— Regulated by Chapter 52 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. By agent
one party to the contract (
agent) undertakes to
make remuneration on behalf of the other party (
principal).........
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Accessory Agreement— See Accessory Agreement
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Accessory Agreement (obligation)- subordinate, additional
an agreement attached to another, main agreement (obligation).
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Basel Treaty— BASLE CONCORDATSee. BASEL AGREEMENT. Agreement prepared by the Cooke Committee and approved by the governors of the world's largest central banks in December........
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Peaceful- -th, -oe; -ren, -rna, -rno.
1. Loving peace, harmony, not prone to hostility or quarrels. M. man. M. character. // Filled with friendly agreement; not hostile, not hostile.........
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Free Agreement- Recognized as gratuitous
an agreement under which one party undertakes to provide something to the other party without receiving payment or other consideration from it. Agreement.........
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Bodmer Treaty— - a document confirming the pledge of the ship and cargo as security for a loan urgently necessary to complete the transportation if it is impossible to use other methods of obtaining money.
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Marriage Agreement (contract) — -
agreement between parties
marriage, or agreement between spouses defining
property rights and
responsibilities of spouses in marriage and (or) in case of its dissolution........
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Foreign Trade Agreement — -
basic
commercial
foreign trade document
transactions indicating an agreement reached between the parties. Subject V.d. May be
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Foreign Trade Agreement,- contract
basic
commercial
foreign trade document
transactions indicating an agreement reached between the parties. Subject V.d. Maybe........
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Paid Agreement— An agreement under which a party must receive payment or other consideration for
the performance of one’s duties is subject to compensation. The agreement is assumed........
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Warranty Agreement- Cm.
Warranty agreement
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General Agreement- - economic
an agreement between organizations of a general, universal nature.
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