What do hissing consonant sounds mean? Hissing consonants in Russian
In this article we will talk about consonant sounds, their quantity, types (soft, hard, voiceless and voiced) and other features and interesting facts.
There are 33 letters in the Russian language, of which 21 are consonants:
b - [b], c - [c], g - [g], d - [d], g - [g], j - [th], z - [z],
k - [k], l - [l], m - [m], n - [n], p - [p], p - [p], s - [s],
t - [t], f - [f], x - [x], c - [c], h - [h], w - [w], sch - [sch].
All named consonant letters represent 36 consonant sounds.
The Russian language also has 10 vowel letters and only 6 vowel sounds.
A total of 33 letters (10 vowels + 21 consonants + “ь” and “ъ”), denoting 42 sounds (6 vowels and 36 consonants), not all sounds of speech, but only the main ones.
The difference between the number of letters and sounds is due to the peculiarities of Russian writing, because, for example, hard and soft consonant sounds are indicated by one letter.
Consonant sounds are divided into:
- voiced and voiceless,
- hard and soft,
- paired and unpaired.
There are a total of 36 different combinations of consonants by pairing and unpairing, hard and soft, voiceless and voiced: voiceless - 16 (8 soft and 8 hard), voiced - 20 (10 soft and 10 hard).
Hard and soft consonants
Consonants are divided into hard and soft, this division is due to the difference in the position of the tongue when pronouncing them. When we pronounce soft consonants, then the middle back of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. We also note that in addition to the fact that consonants are divided into hard and soft, they can be paired and unpaired.
For example, the letter “k” can mean both a hard sound [k], for example, in the word cat, and soft sound[k`], for example, in the word - glasses. We get that the sounds [k] and [k’] form a pair of hardness and softness. For consonant sounds that have a pair of hardness and softness, the following rule applies:
- consonants A sound is hard if it is followed by consonants: a, o, u, s, e;
- and is soft if it is followed by vowels: e, e, i, yu, i.
In the Russian language there are letters in which the sound they denote can only be hard ([ш], [ж], [ц]), or only soft ([й], [ч`], [ш`]). Such sounds do not belong to paired sounds, but are unpaired.
Voiceless and voiced consonants
Consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless sounds. In this case, voiceless consonants are pronounced with the mouth practically covered and the vocal cords do not work when pronouncing them. Voiced consonants require more air, and the vocal cords work when pronouncing them. That is, voiced consonants consist of noise and voice, and voiceless consonants consist only of noise.
Lifehack for determining the deafness or voicedness of consonants for schoolchildren
To determine whether a sound you encounter is dull or voiced, and children often have difficulty with this, you should cover your ears with your hands and pronounce the sound. When pronouncing dull sounds, they will be heard somewhere in the distance, but when pronouncing voiced sounds, your ears will actually ring! This way you can determine what sound was encountered. Especially during phonetic analysis of words.
Some consonant sounds are similar both in their sound and also in the way they are pronounced. However, such sounds are pronounced with different tonality, that is, either dull or loud. Such sounds are combined in pairs and form a group of paired consonants. There are 6 such pairs in total, each of them has a voiceless and a voiced consonant sound. The remaining consonants are unpaired.
- paired consonants: b-p, v-f, g-k, d-t, z-s, zh-sh.
- unpaired consonants: l, m, n, r, y, c, x, h, shch.
Sonorant, noisy, hissing and whistling consonants
In the Russian language, sonorant, noisy, as well as hissing and whistling consonant sounds are also distinguished. We will give a definition of each of the named types of consonants, and also list which consonants belong to one or another type.
Sonorant consonants
Sonorant consonants - these are voiced unpaired consonants.
There are 9 sonorant sounds in total: [y’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’].
Noisy consonants
Noisy consonant sounds are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiceless noisy consonants include 16 sounds: [k], [k'], [p], [p'], [s], [s'], [t], [t'], [f], [f '], [x], [x'], [ts], [ch'], [sh], [sh'], and noisy voiced consonants include 11 sounds: [b], [b'], [ c], [v'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [h], [h'].
Hissing consonants
There are a total of 4 hissing consonant sounds in the Russian language: [zh], [ch’], [sh], [sch’]. They all resemble hissing to the ear, which is why they are called hissing consonants.
Whistling consonants
Whistling consonant sounds [з] [з’] [с] [с’] [ц] are, in their pronunciation, front-lingual, fricative. When articulating hard sounds [z], [s] and [ts], the teeth are exposed, the tip of the tongue leans against the lower teeth, and the back of the tongue is slightly arched, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars. The air passes through, creating frictional noise.
When articulating soft sounds [s’] and [z `], the same thing happens, but the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate.
When pronouncing voiced sounds [з] and [з`], the vocal cords are closed and vibrate, but the palatal curtain is raised.
In the Russian language, not all speech sounds are designated, but only the main ones. The Russian language has 43 basic sounds - 6 vowels and 37 consonants, while the number of letters is 33. The number of basic vowels (10 letters, but 6 sounds) and consonants (21 letters, but 37 sounds) also does not match. The difference in the quantitative composition of basic sounds and letters is determined by the peculiarities of Russian writing. In Russian, a hard and soft sound is denoted by the same letter, but the sounds soft and hard are considered different, which is why there are more consonant sounds than the letters with which they are denoted.
Voiced and voiceless consonants
Consonant sounds are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiced ones consist of noise and voice, deaf ones consist only of noise.
Voiced consonant sounds: [b] [b"] [c] [v"] [d] [g"] [d] [d"] [z] [z"] [zh] [l] [l"] [ m] [m"] [n] [n"] [r] [r"] [th]
Voiceless consonants: [p] [p"] [f] [f"] [k] [k"] [t] [t"] [s] [s"] [w] [x] [x"] [ h"] [h"]
Paired and unpaired consonants
Many consonants form pairs of voiced and voiceless consonants:
Voiced [b] [b"] [c] [c"] [d] [g"] [d] [d"] [z] [z"] [g]
Voiceless [p] [p"] [f] [f"] [k] [k"] [t] [t"] [s] [s"] [w]
The following voiced and voiceless consonant sounds do not form pairs:
Voiced [l] [l"] [m] [m"] [n] [n"] [r] [r"] [th]
Voiceless [x] [x"] [ch"] [sch"]
Soft and hard consonants
Consonant sounds are also divided into hard and soft. They differ in the position of the tongue when pronounced. When pronouncing soft consonants, the middle back of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate.
Most consonants form pairs of hard and soft consonants:
Solid [b] [c] [d] [d] [h] [j] [l] [m] [n] [p] [r] [s] [t] [f] [x]
Soft [b"] [c"] [d"] [d"] [z"] [k"] [l"] [m"] [n"] [p"] [p"] [s"] [ t"] [f"] [x"]
The following hard and soft consonant sounds do not form pairs:
Solid [f] [w] [c]
Soft [h"] [sch"] [th"]
Sibilant consonants
The sounds [zh], [sh], [ch’], [sh’] are called hissing.
[g] [w] [h"] [sch"]
Whistling consonants
[z] [z"] [s] [s"] [ts]
Whistling sounds s-s, z-z, anterior lingual, fricative. When articulating solids the teeth are exposed, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the back of the tongue is slightly curved, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars, causing a groove to form in the middle. Air passes through this groove creating frictional noise.
When pronouncing soft s, s, the articulation is the same, but in addition the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate. When pronouncing sounds z-z, the ligaments are closed and vibrate. The velum is raised.
The Russian language has 21 consonants and 36 consonant sounds. Consonant letters and their corresponding consonant sounds:
b - [b], c - [c], g - [g], d - [d], g - [g], j - [th], z - [z], k - [k], l - [l], m - [m], n - [n], p - [p], p - [p], s - [s], t - [t], f - [f], x - [x ], c - [c], ch - [ch], sh - [sh], shch - [sch].
Consonant sounds are divided into voiced and voiceless, hard and soft. They are paired and unpaired. There are a total of 36 different combinations of consonants by pairing and unpairing, hard and soft, voiceless and voiced: voiceless - 16 (8 soft and 8 hard), voiced - 20 (10 soft and 10 hard).
Scheme 1. Consonants and consonant sounds of the Russian language.
Hard and soft consonants
Consonants are hard and soft. They are divided into paired and unpaired. Paired hard and paired soft consonants help us distinguish between words. Compare: horse [kon’] - kon [kon], bow [bow] - hatch [l’uk].
For understanding, let’s explain it “on the fingers”. If the consonant is in in different words means either soft or solid sound, then the sound belongs to pairs. For example, in the word cat the letter k denotes a hard sound [k], in the word whale the letter k denotes a soft sound [k’]. We get: [k] - [k’] form a pair according to hardness and softness. Sounds for different consonants cannot be classified as a pair, for example [v] and [k’] do not form a pair in terms of hardness-softness, but they do form a pair [v]-[v’]. If a consonant sound is always hard or always soft, then it belongs to unpaired consonants. For example, the sound [zh] is always hard. There are no words in the Russian language where it would be soft [zh’]. Since there is no pair [zh]-[zh’], it is classified as unpaired.
Voiced and voiceless consonants
Consonant sounds are voiced and unvoiced. Thanks to voiced and voiceless consonants, we distinguish words. Compare: ball - heat, count - goal, house - volume. Voiceless consonants are pronounced with the mouth almost closed; when pronouncing them, the vocal cords do not work. Voiced consonants require more air, the vocal cords work.
Some consonant sounds have a similar sound in the way they are pronounced, but are pronounced with different tonality - dull or voiced. Such sounds are combined in pairs and form a group of paired consonants. Accordingly, paired consonants are a pair of a voiceless and a voiced consonant.
- paired consonants: b-p, v-f, g-k, d-t, z-s, zh-sh.
- unpaired consonants: l, m, n, r, y, c, x, h, shch.
Sonorant, noisy and hissing consonants
Sonorants are voiced unpaired consonant sounds. There are 9 sonorant sounds: [y’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’].
Noisy consonant sounds are voiced and unvoiced:
- Noisy voiceless consonants (16): [k], [k"], [p], [p"], [s], [s"], [t], [t"], [f], [f "], [x], [x'], [ts], [h'], [w], [w'];
- Noisy voiced consonant sounds (11): [b], [b'], [v], [v'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [z ], [z'].
Hissing consonant sounds (4): [zh], [ch’], [sh], [sch’].
Paired and unpaired consonants
Consonant sounds (soft and hard, voiceless and voiced) are divided into paired and unpaired. The tables above show the division. Let's summarize everything with a diagram:
Scheme 2. Paired and unpaired consonant sounds. To be able to do phonetic analysis, in addition to consonant sounds, you need to know
Zh, Sh, Ch, Shch – hissing consonant sounds.Ж, Ш – hard consonant sounds.
Ch, Shch are soft consonant sounds.
ZHI – SHI - write with the letter I.
CHA – SCHA
And there are reeds on the river
Past the field, past the rye
Prickly hedgehogs walked by.
ma ka
n ran
lan ru
d 
and ly
shi shi
and 
And
PEERS
RUBBS
BABIES REEDS
HUTS
QUIET
CONES
LILY OF THE LILY
FRAGRANT
CAR
OVERCOAT
HUSBANDS
SIZHI
UZHI
LIVE
BE FRIENDS
CIRCLE
SWIFT
LIVE
SKIS
SNOWFLAKE
PREPOSITIONS- IN, ON, IN, WITH, FROM, ABOVE, UNDER, BY, TO, FROM, WITHOUT, TO, U, ABOUT, ABOUT, ABOUT, FOR.
Selective dictation.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write, correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
1. Compose and write down words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Selective dictation.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
What words are hidden here?
BAYWORO
WAKORO
COYABLO
DIYAGO
KASORO
KASOBA
KOMOLO
TAKAPUS
TALOP
She invited eight seagulls: She scrubbed the bottom with a brush,
Selective dictation.
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
LE JOY
P O D N O S
S K O V O R O D A
POT
MUG
B L Y D C E
Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy said that there is nothing sedimentary or crystalline in the Russian language; everything excites, breathes, lives. Such "liveness" of our native language, is the merit of the words included in it. But before you learn to use them, you need to learn the letters and sounds. They will be discussed in this article.
When learning a language with your child, you need to clearly make him understand the differences between oral and in writing. To do this, it is important to give him the concept of what a sound is and what a letter is.
Sounds are what we perceive with our ears. Our brain easily separates what relates to speech from other sounds and interprets them into images. We can write down the sounds of speech in letters, forming words from them.
The letter is graphic symbol alphabet, thanks to which we can display on paper what we hear by ear. But here lies a very big difficulty for the child. After all, the number of sounds and letters that reproduce them on paper in different words may differ in one direction or the other.
How many letters and sounds are there in the Russian language and alphabet and their relationship
IMPORTANT: We hear sounds and can make them with our speech apparatus. We can see and write letters! Sounds exist in all languages. Even in those where there is no written language.
In a word like "chair" letters correspond to sounds. But, in the word "sun", the letter "L" not pronounced. Letters are also not pronounced "Kommersant" And "b". They only slightly change the pronunciation of the words in which they are used.
There is also such a “school” word as "Compass". In which instead of sound [AND] sound is pronounced [s].
There are still a lot of words in the Russian language that are pronounced differently from how they are written in letters. Therefore, it is very important for a child to learn to correctly understand this difference.
Alphabet
Language is the main invention of mankind. Moreover, for every nation that has created its own language, it is distinguished by the characteristics peculiar to this people. At a certain stage in the development of a community that uses one or another people, there is a need to record speech sounds combined into words and sentences. This is how writing appeared, and at the same time the alphabet. That is, a set of all the letters used in writing, standing in strict order.
The alphabet of the Russian language contains 33 letters and looks like this:
The alphabet is the basis of any language that everyone who studies it needs to know. Is it possible to learn to speak without knowing the alphabet? Certainly. But, in addition to the ability to express your thoughts, you need to learn to write and read. And this is impossible to do without knowing the alphabet.
Today, children have a lot of different aids for learning the alphabet. You can buy special flash cards, magnets, and a small primer that your child can take with him on walks or trips.
In our computerized era, electronic gadgets can also be called upon to help in learning the alphabet. Type letters in text apps and name the sounds that teach them. You can use your imagination and use graphic editors, change fonts and add fills. Create own alphabet, which will be interesting to the child. Then learning will go faster and more efficiently.
INTERESTING: Teachers have come up with a very interesting and exciting way to learn the alphabet. Dedicate everyone new day in your family one of the letters of the alphabet. Of course, we shouldn’t forget about the rest. Bake letter-shaped buns, make letters from plasticine with your child, draw them, assemble them from counting sticks. Be sure to tell about the letter the day is dedicated to and give examples of its use.
Vowel sounds and letters
Introducing your child to the alphabet is a very exciting activity. But this is only one of the first steps in mastering the language. To continue studying its elementary units, you need to learn how to divide them according to their characteristics.
Those letters that are pronounced drawlingly are called vowels.
- There are 10 vowels in Russian “A”, “E”, “Y”, “I”, “O”, “U”, “Y”, “E”, “Yu”, “I”
- 6 vowel sounds [a], [o], [y], [e], [i], [s]. Usually vowel sounds in school curriculum should be highlighted in red.
We have already clarified the difference between elementary particles language.
Letters I, Yo, Yu, E - iotized. They involve one or two sounds.
From this table, this difference can be seen again:
INTERESTING: By the way, about the letter “Y”. Today it is mistakenly believed that Karamzin introduced it into our alphabet. But that's not true. This was done by the director of the St. Petersburg Academy, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, on November 18, 1783 at a meeting on the occasion of the creation of the first explanatory dictionary in Russia. She suggested changing the letters “IO” to one “E”.
Stressed and unstressed vowel sounds
- Stressed vowel sound pronounced with great force and does not undergo changes.
For example: sn e g, st ý l, shk A f
- Unstressed vowel sound pronounced with little force and undergoes changes.
For example: To ABOUT rzina (heard instead of ABOUT, sound A), m E dva d (In the first unstressed vowel sound instead E, can be heard AND), pl E cho (vowel sound AND is heard instead E).
IMPORTANT: Stress is not placed in words with one syllable and in words with a letter Yo.
Vowels Yotated letters Ya, Yu, E, Yo soften the consonant sound in front of them and create one sound: e → [e] or [i], е → [o], yu → [u], i → [a ].
For example:
- At the beginning of the word: hedgehog [y’ozhik]
- In the middle of a word: shelter [pri y’ut]
- At the end of the word: gun [roug y'o]
Hard and soft vowels have a direct effect on consonants. For example, a consonant "P", maybe as solid (in the word "plastic bag"), and soft (in the word "cookie").
Consonants and letters
Consonant letters are called such because they contain consonant sounds. There are 36 consonant sounds in the Russian language:
An apostrophe marks soft sounds.
And 21 consonants:
Consonant letters and sounds, soft and hard: table
Consonants, like vowels, can be either hard or soft. For example, in the word "River", beech "R" soft, but in a word "Hand"– hard. In general, several factors influence the softness and hardness of sounds in a word. For example, the location of a sound in a word. The sounds are softened by iota vowels ( "E", "Yo", "Yu" And "I") and diphthongs that come after consonants. For example:
- "White"
- "Love"
- "Friday"
The letter also softens sounds "AND", and its antipode "Y", on the contrary, makes the sound hard. The presence of a soft sign at the end of a word plays an important role:
- "Flax" And "laziness"
A soft sign can soften the sound, even if it is inside a word:
- "Skates"
Voiceless and voiced consonants in Russian: table
Consonants can be voiced or unvoiced. Voiced sounds are obtained with the participation of the voice in the formation of sound. Whereas in the formation of a dull sound, the voice practically does not play its creative role.
Voiced consonants are formed when an air stream passes through the oral cavity and vibrates vocal cords. Thanks to this, consonants such as:
To make it easy to remember voiceless consonants, remember the expression: STYOPKA DO YOU WANT CHEEK? - FI!
If you delete all the vowels from this expression, only voiceless consonants will remain.
Paired and unpaired hard and soft consonants: table
In terms of hardness and softness, most sounds form pairs:
Paired and unpaired voiced and voiceless consonants: table
In the Russian language, it is customary to distinguish pairs of voiceless-voiced consonants:
The remaining consonants are unpaired:
Sometimes there is “forced” deafness or sonority of a consonant sound. This occurs due to the position of the sound in the word. A frequent example of such a forced state is the words: pond [rod] And booth [booth].
Sonorous- voiced unpaired consonant sounds. There are only 9 of them: [th’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’]
Noisy consonant sounds - there are voiced and voiceless:
- Noisy voiceless consonants(16): [k], [k'], [p], [p'], [s], [s'], [t], [t'], [f], [f'], [ x], [x'], [ts], [h'], [w], [w'];
- Noisy voiced consonants(11): [b], [b'], [c], [c'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [z], [z '].
Summary table of commonly used soft and hard letters and sounds in the Russian language:
Sibilant consonants
Consonants "AND", "SH", "H" And "SCH" called sizzling. These letters add some zest to our language. At the same time, they make it very difficult. Even while learning these letters, the child should know the rules:
- "ZHI" — "SHI" write from "AND"
- "CHA" — "SHA" with a letter "A"
- "CHU" — "SHU" with a letter "U"
Letters "AND" And "H" are voiced, and the remaining two ( "SH" And "SCH") deaf. Important feature These sounds are something that cannot be pronounced without opening the mouth. Compare their pronunciation with the pronunciation "M" or "N". To pronounce sibilant consonants, there must be a gap between the lips through which air will escape, creating an acoustic accompaniment for these sounds.
The letter “and short” denotes the consonant sound th
Letter "Y" or "And short" found in almost all Slavic alphabets, as well as in those non-Slavic alphabets that use the Cyrillic alphabet. In the Russian alphabet this letter occupies 11th place. It was formed from the vowel "AND" and a voiced consonant "J".
It is interesting that in the 18th century, when the civil script was introduced (as opposed to the church script), all superscript characters disappeared from it. And the letter "Y" an important part of her was missing. At the same time, the sound denoted by this letter “did not suffer” from such reforms. Return "Y" writing succeeded under Peter I. However, it was not returned to the alphabet. This was done only in the 20th century.
Today, more and more philologists attribute sound "Y" to sonorant consonants. That is, those sounds that are located between vowels and consonants, but still relate to a consonant. In addition, it is always considered soft.
Which letters have multiple sounds?
Letters and sounds tape for elementary school
Various manuals help very well in learning the Russian language. One of these benefits is "Summer of Letters". It helps to understand the difference between letters, quickly develop reading skills in children and facilitate phonetic analysis of words.
At least at first glance "Ribbon of Letters" carries a minimum of information, this is far from true. This manual can be used not only at school, but also at home. Parents can independently teach their child literacy using this tool.
