What part of the spectrum is called warm colors. How to determine the color temperature? (Warm and cold shades). mixed color temperature

Skin tone is, roughly speaking, its shade. Depending on your skin tone, either warm colors or cool colors suit you. In a warm undertone of the skin, yellowish, golden and peach shades predominate, and in a cold one - bluish, pink, purple. In addition to the typical warm and cold undertones, there are neutral, or rather, such skin tones when the warm-cold characteristic is weakly expressed and it is impossible to determine at first glance a warm or cold appearance. However, there is always a warm-cold characteristic in the appearance, and even if it is weakly expressed, then the right colors will make your appearance fresher and more harmonious.

To determine the skin tone, there are several tests based on your perception of colors, and this is their main difficulty, but still try to figure it out.
- Checking with a white sheet of paper. Bring a white sheet of paper to your face, next to a pure white color, warm skin will appear yellowish, and cold skin will appear pinkish, purple or reddish. The sheet should be plain, matte, without any texture or patterns.
- Look at the color of the veins on your wrist or in the crook of your elbow. If your skin has a warm undertone, then the veins will appear greenish, and if you have a cold undertone, then they will appear blue. A neutral undertone can either have a combination of both greenish and blue veins, or just a subtle bluish or turquoise hue. Often people with a neutral undertone notice that, for example, they have greenish veins on their wrists, and blue ones in the crook of their elbows.

This method is relatively good, only the veins are better to look at in places that rarely tan, as a tan can change the skin tone to a slightly warmer one.

- Determining skin tone with jewelry. This seems to be one of the most inaccurate methods, because, firstly, it is difficult to discard personal preferences and evaluate which jewelry suits more - gold or silver, and, secondly, gold and silver come in different shades, for example, rose gold or blackened silver. However, if you think that classic gold suits you better, then you have a warm undertone, if pure silver, then you have a cold one. Neutral undertones go with both silver and gold. - Determining undertones with the right make-up and clothing. It often happens that people intuitively choose what suits them best, so this method is not without meaning. If you have a warm skin tone, then you have a lot of warm-colored clothes in your wardrobe - beige, gold, orange, warm brown, yellowish green, and you also buy warm-colored lipstick, foundation or powder. In the case of a cold undertone in clothes and makeup, mostly cold shades. Your wardrobe may have shades both warm and cool, but you get the most compliments in those colors that suit you the most. Therefore, it is enough to observe the reaction of others, and then it may be easier to determine whether your appearance is cold or warm. If your undertone is almost neutral, then either most of the colors in clothing or makeup suit you, or, on the contrary, it seems to you that nothing suits you one hundred percent. - There is a theory that the whole appearance is always either warm or cold or neutral. It cannot be that the hair has a cold undertone, but the eyes and skin have a warm undertone, and so on. Therefore, if you are sure that your skin tone, hair or eyes, for example, have warm green eyes, then you can almost definitely say about the rest of your appearance that it is warm or neutral warm. Agree, this simplifies the definition of a subtone, but do not forget that this is only a theory, and there may be errors in it. - The most accurate method for determining skin tone is with the help of draperies, that is, by applying fabrics of various shades to the face. The fabric should be simple, matte, without patterns and shine, without texture. How to understand that the fabric of the chosen color suits you? Fabric of the wrong color will give a colored shadow on the face, especially if it is brought to the chin and cheeks, while the right color will be in harmony with the skin. The right color refreshes the complexion, makes it brighter, more expressive and younger, while the wrong color makes it heavier, emphasizes imperfections, gives an earthy color or makes the appearance pale or gloomy. At first it can be difficult to notice these subtleties, but with a little practice, understanding of suitable and inappropriate colors will come. It is important to perform this test without makeup and in daylight, otherwise it will be much more difficult to determine.

(In the photo, the girl is trying on draperies of the Dark Autumn color type)

The classic colors for determining a cold or warm color type are warm coral and cold pink:

If coral suits you, then you have a warm undertone of the skin, if pink, then you have a cold one. It is often difficult to find fabrics in these particular colors, so you can check whether the color matches or not, just in the photo, although this may not be entirely accurate, since it is not always possible to correctly convey the skin tone in the photo. As usual, we will use a graphic editor and analyze a photo of a celebrity, for example, Allison Williams.

Just paint over the entire area around Allison's face with the appropriate colors - coral and pink. This test, of course, is best done with a photo without makeup.

Please note that with a coral background, the skin seems darker, the eyes become paler, and with a cold pink, on the contrary, the face looks fresh and brighter. Thus, it becomes clear that Allison Williams has a cold skin tone. And it was noticeable almost immediately, if you look how separate from her face warm golden earrings look.

Consider another example, Ellie Kemper:

The pink color is too cold and does not harmonize with the appearance of the actress at all, has absolutely nothing to do with her colors, makes the face more rough, while coral emphasizes warm shades and smooths out imperfections. It is immediately clear that Ellie Kemper has a warm skin tone.

Naturally, this method has disadvantages compared to the actual application of fabrics of various colors, since the reflections and shadows that this or that shade gives are much better seen live, however, if you practice color perception, a certain result can be obtained in a graphic editor.

So, we really hope that you managed to figure out the skin tone, or at least understand how it is determined and one step closer to the final goal - determining the color type. If you didn’t succeed the first time, it doesn’t matter, in the following articles, we will move on to a description of color types and a detailed analysis of each of them. Using descriptions of color types and approximately knowing the characteristics of your appearance, it is much easier to determine the color type, which is what we will do in the following articles. (The next article about the description of color types will be written in the near future)

The concepts of "warm" and "cold tones" are widely used in a wide variety of areas of life, and especially in art. Almost all books related to painting, fashion or interior design mention color shades. But the authors mainly dwell on the fact that the execution of a work of art in one tone or another. Since the concepts of warm and cold colors are widespread, they require more detailed and careful consideration.

Arnheim's theory

There is one theory created by R. Arnheim that explains warm and cold tones as a phenomenon. According to this theory, any shade can be both warm and cold. If any color deviates in the direction of another, then it may become different in terms of heat load than it was at the beginning. For example, yellow or red with a touch of blue will look cold, while yellow and blue with a hint of red will look warm. From this we can conclude: an initially warm color with an admixture of a cold shade will also become cold. But this theory is not undisputed. After all, you need to take into account the entire system where a particular color is located. Everyone can become warm or cold, depending on what admixture is added to it. In painting, the shade is considered more important than the color itself. After all, the original pure color always looks strictly and impartially.

Saturation and severity

Color "temperature" also depends on saturation. If the color has optimal saturation, then it will always look colder than a less saturated tone. Beauty, in which everything is observed with rigor, is characterized as cold. Architecture, where geometric proportion and clarity are clearly expressed, strict symmetry of form, is always called cold. And vice versa, if errors, fuzziness, deviations from rigor are noticeable in any work of art, then it is considered warmer, spiritualized, close to everything earthly.

Color purity

Considering warm and cold tones, one must also take into account the concept of color purity. There are some tones that are traditionally considered mixed, for example, yellow or orange. Therefore, it is necessary to learn to determine the main pure colors that other shades can form by mixing. The predominance of red or blue is an indication of the temperature of the mixed hue. If the color approaches red, it is considered warm, and if it approaches blue, it is considered cold. We can say with confidence that in painting the concept of warmth and coldness of color does not carry any meaning. It is important to divide the shades into “colder” or “warmer”.

Lightness and its effect on color temperature

First you need to determine what colors are black and white. It is believed that white denotes all colors at the same time, that is, it contains all existing shades. Balance and temperature neutrality are the main qualities of white. Interestingly, green is closest to white in its properties. The absence of color means black. It does not have its own color wave, where shades are indicated from light to dark.

dark cold

Dark cold tones always remind a person of the winter cold. These include green, blue, purple, lilac. These colors and some of their shades look cold if they are not too saturated. They also have a slightly ashy hue. The main thing in a cold color is the absence of a red tint, which is traditionally considered warm.

Light cold

Light cold tones include pink, blue, light green. They are not saturated and not too bright. When looking at such a tone, there is a feeling of cold and the breath of winter. If there is more yellow in the color, then it will turn into a warm range of shades, and if blue - into a cold one.

How to determine what tone is right for a person?

To find out what color and its tone will suit a person, the main thing is to determine the shade of his skin. For someone, cold and contrasting winter colors will suit, for another - the bright colors of spring, the luminous warmth of summer. For yellowish skin with a golden hue, it is better to choose. A combination with cold colors can be unsuccessful, as the skin will take on a sickly yellow appearance. If the complexion has a slight grayish undertone and casts a little blue, then a person will always look to win by choosing cold tones. Against the background of warm shades, the skin will look faded and may even lose its healthy appearance. When determining suitable tones, a person must also take into account contrast. Some people do not like saturated and bright colors, because against their background the personality can simply be lost. In this case, it is necessary to dwell on gentle and calm colors. They will help emphasize the type of face and skin, make a person more noticeable and brighter.

Looking dignified and confident is easy

They will be an excellent choice for people who belong to the winter type. That is, for those who have fair skin, pronounced eyes and not faded hair. For example, cool shades of blue, red and green are suitable for people with a dark shade of hair. They emphasize the virtues and hide the flaws. The person will look memorable and will be able to stand out from the crowd.

Owners of light hair should focus on such cold tones as purple, blue, light red. They will become indispensable assistants if a person wants to look confident and beautiful. Such colors set off blond hair and enable a person to be bright and outstanding. People will pay attention not to a person's clothes, but to his face, which is very important, for example, when applying for a job. It is extremely important to determine your tone, which will help and emphasize dignity. To look great and always be on top is the desire of everyone. The main thing is to be able to use colors and their shades correctly.

You need to know that there is no clear definition of whether a given color is cold or warm. This is a subjective assessment of the beholder. Therefore, the same color can be assessed by some people as cold, and by others as warm. Fortunately, in most cases, people see colors in the same way, which allows us to agree on their warmth.

Warm colors are those containing some red. This is due to evolution, because. For centuries, the red color of a fire has been associated with warmth. Warm colors evoke a sense of intimacy and optimism in a person. Pure red can also cause aggression due to its association with a strong stimulus, which is the sight of blood.

In its turn, blue dominates in cold colors. This, of course, is associated with the coldness of water or ice.

Pure yellow is also usually thought of as warm, but adding a bit of blue is enough to make us think of it as a cool color.

Warm and cold tones in makeup

We notice every day that each of us has a different color scheme. The color of the skin, eyes, hair is unique and each person creates an exceptional, one-of-a-kind mixture of these colors.

Our skin, hair and eyes can also take on warm or cool tones. It would be nice to know your own color shade in order to choose the right colors for clothes, makeup, etc.

In well-chosen shades, our skin will look fresh and radiant, while poorly chosen ones will make the skin pale, stale and old.

The rule is that we look good in colors that are in harmony with our color type. That is, for example, if our skin, hair, eyes take on a cold shade, then we will look very good in cold shades. They emphasize beauty and create harmony with it.

If a woman with a cold color type is dressed, for example, in orange clothes, she will look pale, we will emphasize her shadows under her eyes, her mouth will seem slightly purple.

And if a person with a warm color type is dressed in cold colors, for example, blue, his skin will give out more yellowness, seem unhealthy and stale.

Example

Look at the photo. We see on him a blonde with a cold color type, with a well-chosen, very expressive make-up. Everything here is perfect: hair color, skin and eyes have a cold, almost bluish tint. Makeup repeats this color scheme:

And now let's change one element of her makeup: let's make her lip color warmer. They turned orange-brown. We immediately see that we don’t like something in this photo, as if these lips are from another song.

All right, let's take pity on the model and fix the rest of the makeup. Let's add yellow shades that will make the eye makeup warmer, as well as apricot color on the cheeks:

Better? Well, a little, but not quite yet. This is because the model represents the cold type of beauty, and her makeup is in warm colors.

With the help of Photoshop, this can be easily corrected, so we will add warm shades to the color of her hair and skin and as a result we get the final effect.

This makeup is in harmony with the beauty type of the model, all in warm colors.

How to determine your color type?

It's not easy, but if you do, you'll have a very easy shopping guide and a great chance of making a good choice every time.

To do this, you need to spend a minute of your time, take a large mirror, multi-colored fabric (shawls, clothes, shawls, large sheets of paper, etc.). The help of a friend is greatly appreciated! It is also important to choose the right light. Daylight is best, but not direct sunlight. Artificial light is not suitable, because. it's too yellow. The background is also important - it should be as neutral as possible, preferably gray. Intense background color will interfere with the correct perception of colors.

The technique is based on applying different colors to the face and checking which ones will look better and which ones will look worse. As a rule, two shades will be enough for us, for example, orange and blue, but it would be nice to test whether we would be better in light or dark colors.

The test should be performed without makeup and without sunburn. If your hair is dyed, shade it with a neutral color, such as a gray scarf. When you choose the colors that you look best in, take a closer look at them: do warm or cold tones predominate?

There are also people who have a mixed color type and they will be fine in all shades.

If you don't have the time or desire to use the above technique, there's an easier way: take a closer look at your closet. What color is your favorite clothes? What color is the one you bought but rather reluctant to wear? This will give you a good clue as to your skin tone.

Now that you already know what color type you are, you can choose the right cosmetics, hair dye, clothes, and even the color of the room if you want to look good in it.

Remember that a warm color against a cold background (or vice versa) is very contrasting, so you can use this if you want to draw attention to yourself. You can, for example, pick up an orange belt for a gray dress, if, of course, you are happy with your waist.

However, in makeup, the use of contrasting colors should be carefully considered and to be sure, look in the mirror several times. It is safer to emphasize your advantages with a more intense color or gloss than with a contrasting paint..

Remember also about decorations! This is a very common mistake. Yellow gold, amber have very warm shades. A woman with a cold undertone in yellow accessories looks very pale. Choose, rather, silver or white gold.

You should know that our skin changes color when tanned. The vast majority of tanned people look good in warm colors. And here cold color types have an advantage, because. usually look good in both cold and warm colors. Therefore, even if you have a cold type, you can wear a yellow dress on vacation.

See also a useful video tutorial on how to determine your color type:

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Earlier, long before the creation of this site, after completing express courses for makeup artists, I helped those who wished to determine the color type and choose makeup. Faced with the fact that a good half of the girls do not distinguish between the warmth of shades, color nuances. They don't feel colors. This, of course, surprised me, so I decided to create a simple plate at my leisure to clarify the subtleties of the color palette a little.

Here is a general plate, I determined the colors in it rather conditionally. On top I placed a ruler from white to black for comparison.

In short, all shades containing nuances of yellow, golden hues are warm.

All shades containing blue (cyan) and silver nuances are cold.

To determine the warmth of a hue, you need to compare it with white. It usually becomes visible. My pictures are on a white background, so you can see everything perfectly.

I especially want to note the fact that any color of the chromatic circle (in my case, a square) can be represented either in a cold or in a warm shade. For example, despite the fact that yellow is the first indicator of warmth, it can also be cold.

For example, yellow-lemon.

The reverse situation is the same - blue or blue, with a drop of yellow added to it, until it turns into green, may seem warm.

In the diagram below, we can see an example of how green and red shades can be stretched into a ribbon from cold to warm.

Now about the main thing. How to determine which color type you belong to?

I thought for a long time whether another article on color types was needed, there are a million of them, but I realized that everything that is on the Internet is a hundred-year-old idea of ​​typing transcribed from some ancient Talmuds, so I wrote my vision.

Sit by the window in daylight (not at sunset or in bright sunshine, cloudy weather is ideal, day) with a mirror, a sheet of white paper and fabric (paper) in four shades, which are indicated in the center of the following scheme - soft pink, fuchsia, peach and orange. Surely, these shades should be found at home.

First, we apply white paper (or cloth) to the face and carefully compare. What does leather look like on paper? Is it icteric and contrasts with the sheet, or is it bluish on the contrary and the paper emphasizes this even more? Take a close look at the hair, especially if it is not dyed. Do they have a golden sheen or is the pigment based on ash? Look at the eyes. Warm or cold tone prevails in them?

One of the colors should suit you. This means that the skin will appear fresher, nasolabial folds and wrinkles will be less noticeable, the look will become brighter and fresher. We compare all four options. You will definitely notice which of the four shades adorns you. Based on this, you can draw the first conclusions about your type of appearance.

If it is still difficult to decide, use the large blocks in the diagram. Along the edges, I made, in my opinion, the most "iconic" shades of types. Check them out, which group suits you best? (do not like or pleasing to the eye, and which makes your appearance more advantageous)

For reference: pure white does not go in spring, white and black in autumn, warm yellow and orange usually do not go in winter, deep warm shades do not go in summer - brown, brick, green, orange.

Our appearance is very diverse, there are a lot of color types, it is impossible to drive them into the framework of four types, there are many more of them, there are many transitional options. Nevertheless, the main thing can be determined, further delve into the topic.

It is worth noting that in any case, with the help of the modern beauty industry, the color type can be changed, especially in depth (from winter to summer and vice versa, or from autumn to spring and vice versa). Transitional girls can also jump from type to type, changing the warmth of their appearance. Also, all types are divided by contrast, each contrast has its own color nuances. I will definitely talk about this in the future.

Hope it was helpful.

As mentioned earlier, colors have three characteristics - one of the pair.
warm-cold
soft - bright
light - saturated

Today we will focus on the distinction warm and cold colors

First, let's deal with chromatic flowers

For clarity, look again at the color wheel:

As you remember, all chromatic colors can be made up of three primary colors - red , yellow and blue .

Red and yellow psychologically perceived by us as warm colors because they are associated with fire and the sun.

Blue psychologically perceived by us as a cold color, because it is associated with water and ice.

Accordingly, those colors in which red and yellow predominate are considered warm (Orange , red , yellow), the same ones in which blue color predominates ( blue , blue, lilac), are considered cold .

Those colors that contain an equal amount of warm and cold colors ( green= yellow+blue, violet= blue+red) are usually considered neutral.

Now back to the fact that all secondary and tertiary colors are made up of two chromatic colors in different proportions (adding a third produces a gray tint, but we won't go into that for now). The color that prevails usually determines color, tone (overtone).
However, in coloring, another color, which is part of the shade, is also important. This color is called semitone (undertone) . Midtones make colors within the same hue "warm" and "cold" . For example, warm red and cold red. Cold semitones - blue. Warm undertones - yellow and red. Orange has no cold undertones - it is the only absolutely warm color.

Here are examples of warm and cold shades of the same color:

The first column is warm halftones, the second is cold halftones.

Usually, when talking about a combination of colors, they combine colors with the same halftone. In the theory of color types, cold and warm colors mean just colors with cold and warm undertones.

General rules for combining colors depending on the halftone:
Colors with the same halftone blend well. Colors with different tones do not blend well, however, in clothes they can sometimes be combined in small quantities to create accents.

Compare:
1 picture - cold purple (semitone blue) + cold green (semitone blue) - harmoniously
2 picture - cold purple (semitone blue)+ warm green (semitone yellow) - disharmony

In nature, colors with one semitone are usually combined.

Cold halftones : cool blue, light blue, cool bright red, burgundy, cool green, light gray.

Warm undertones : warm yellow, yellow-orange, clay red, warm green, olive, marsh

Now, as regards achromatic colors :

Pure black, white and grey are considered cold colors - they harmonize well with them.

Medium gray can sometimes act as a neutral color, due to the fact that it is a combination of two opposite colors.