Publicistic speeches of cultural figures. Oratory: examples of public speeches by famous people. ...and their opponents

The history of the world has already met dozens of specialists in oratory, whose speeches we still remember. The most recent geniuses of this art were Hitler, Khrushchev and other politicians who carried out propaganda performances. More often than not, it is politicians who provide an example of how to properly turn ordinary speech into something more, an element of history. You should know that writing texts for speeches brings money, because the topic of the speech can be any, including making money.

But it is not always the case. For example, the last “powerful” speech was given by Steve Jobs in 2005, and it was not a presentation of a new product. Through oratory, he encouraged Stanford University students to strive for their dreams and to look for opportunities in life's failures. Using speech techniques, Jobs touched on vital topics, winning over the audience, and the speech went down in history.

For some, this is a hobby, while others study elocution so that the presentation will receive the highest marks and be useful.

“Sometimes life hits you over the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved it. You need to find what you love. And this is as true for work as it is for relationships. Your work will fill most of your life, and the only way to be completely satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great things is to love what you do. If you haven't found your business yet, look for it. Do not stop. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know it when you find it. And like any good relationship, it gets better and better over the years. So search until you find it. Do not stop".

“Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't fall into the trap of dogma that tells you to live in other people's thoughts. Don't let the noise of other people's opinions drown out your inner voice. And most importantly: have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you really want to become. Everything else is secondary."“Stay hungry. Stay reckless."

If you analyze any speech of Steve Jobs, you will notice that it resembles a conversation - it is very understandable, natural and relaxed. Constant pauses, which are an integral part of speech, add emotionality to the text.

Despite the fact that this speech is considered one of the best delivered in modern times, some experts believe that Jobs lacks the correct gestures and body movements and the speech is not the limit of oratory. But we should not forget that for this person this was not an activity, rather it was a hobby and responsibilities as the owner of the company. By the way, the presentation of new technology always looked very exciting.

Where can you find this art?

Yes, almost everywhere, in everyday life we ​​are constantly surrounded by such moments. Sports, friendships or any other part of your life is filled with them. You may not always remember this, but if sport is a part of your life, then where do you look for motivation? That's right, in the words of athletes when they talk in public about their results. Sports, like business or war, require motivation.

What does oratory consist of?

If the topic of eloquence is a hobby for you, then you don’t need to delve too deeply into the intricacies, but you should know the main components of a good speech.

• Preparation. The key to a successful performance directly depends on your preparation for it. The clothes in which the performance will take place require careful selection.

It is important for a girl not to wear a lot of makeup and have a modest appearance. This will position the audience and will not distract attention.

It is important for men to look neat and ironed. Show success and confidence, otherwise the listener may simply not attach due importance to the words.

You need to pay attention to elements depending on your audience. After all, for businessmen, money and the high cost of style will be an important element. For schoolchildren or students, a simpler and more relaxed look is suitable.

• Introduction. You can start with a life story or an unusual phrase that should hook the listener. This technique is called a "hook". The Steve Jobs speech we talked about above had a hook in the form of a joke.

Always use pauses between main parts of speech. This helps you digest what was said and at the same time you can see people's reactions.

The art of oratory is based on the ability to draw images, but only the right images. It has to be something that can be specifically represented, and if it involves numbers, then it needs to be used on slides or translated into something that can be visually measured.

• Main part. Of course, there are no specific rules for the main part, but a couple of tips can be given. Break up your speech in a logical way so that it is clear where you transition into another part of the speech.

Don’t make your speech a monologue, otherwise the listeners will simply get bored and feel like guests. Ask rhetorical or direct questions, draw someone from the audience into a conversation, or call them on stage. Ask to do some task. Speak with energy.

• Conclusion. You can end your speech with a beautiful phrase or take a step back. There is no need to drag out the conclusion and say something else.

You can emphasize the main thing from the speech and begin to lower the tone at the end. Then everyone will understand that the performance is over. The art of concisely and clearly ending a speech requires mandatory practice.

• Personal examples and stories. Now it is difficult to surprise with some facts or insert into the text of the main part something completely new for the target audience.

Therefore, personal stories are on a par with pauses and images in the fundamentals of the art of successful speaking. Let's say if you are a businessman, then it would be good to tell how you made your first money. By telling a story from your life, you bring the viewer closer to you, giving you the opportunity to imagine themselves in your place. And if you write your speech correctly, then you can integrate key points into the story and convey the necessary information to the viewer.

Genre of speech

Oratory is divided into types and a person can delve into any genre. Here are the main directions of this art:

• scientific genre;
• political;
• judicial speech;
• church genre;
• other types of eloquence.

Money as the goal of oratory

Currently, trainings and seminars discussing the topic of how to make money have flooded the Internet. In fact, the Internet contributed to this. It opened up opportunities for earning money, and therefore for learning. After all, before, the main source of independent learning was the book.

An example of millionaires' speeches at universities or online seminars on the Internet - all this relates to business topics where the main goal is to make money. The purpose of these speeches is to motivate the listener, charge them with emotions and the desire to do something. All this is driven by the desire to have a lot of money and be independent. A good way to convert knowledge of oratory into money is to open a school for the practice and study of eloquence.

Judicial speech

Judicial speech as a genre came to us from ancient Greece. Due to population growth, politicians studied oratory, and judicial speech was of great importance at that time. A politician's fate could be decided by his ability to speak in public. In Greece, training in this skill took place and they paid a lot of money for it.

Since in the courts at that time everyone had to defend himself, citizens who had money paid logographers for the text, and judicial speech allowed them to avoid punishment.

A judicial speech, like any other, consisted of an introduction, a main part and a conclusion. The man thus tried to pity the judges and make them believe that his judicial speech was not fictitious.

Judicial practice in ancient times was the property of the people, and many people gathered at the trial, so it was problematic to speak without proper preparation.

Judicial speech as a genre takes place and develops in modern times and can bring money to professionals. All prosecutors and lawyers prepare the text of their speech in advance; this is what distinguishes a good lawyer. To make a judicial speech impress the judge and jury, rhetorical techniques are used.

Example of Lincoln's speech

In 1863, a few months after the bloody battle, Lincoln delivered the famous Gettysbury Address. There is no need to talk about oratory and the attitude towards professional rhetoric; there simply wouldn’t be enough room for techniques. But the text written by Lincoln made tears flow and touched the soul

The public speech lasted only about two minutes, but history will not forget these two minutes. As a result, this speech was carved on a monument at the Lincoln Memorial.

“Eighty-seven years have passed since our fathers founded on this continent a new nation, born of freedom, and dedicated to proving that all men are born equal.”

“We are now undergoing the great test of civil war, which will decide whether this nation, or any nation like it by birth or calling, is able to stand. We came together on the field where the great battle of this war raged. We have come to consecrate a part of this land - the last refuge of those who gave their lives for the life of this nation. And this in itself is quite appropriate and worthy.”

“But still it is not in our power to consecrate this field, to make it sacred, to spiritualize this land. Thanks to the deeds of the brave men, dead and alive, who fought here, this land is already sacred, and it is not in our humble power to add or subtract anything. What we say here will be only briefly noticed and soon forgotten, but what they did here will never be forgotten. Let us, the living, devote ourselves to the unfinished work that these warriors accomplished here. Let us dedicate ourselves here to the great work that lies ahead of us, and become even more determined to give ourselves to the purpose to which those who fell here gave themselves wholly and to the end. Let us solemnly swear that their deaths will not be in vain, that this God-protected nation will have its freedom restored, and that the government of the people, by the will of the people, for the people will not perish from the face of the earth.”

Historians say that Lincoln decided to write the text for his speech himself, taking as a basis the principle of equality from the Declaration of Independence and relying on the great figures of the past. According to eyewitnesses, the performance was so strong that it made the people believe that all the sacrifices were not in vain, and they were not fighting against other states, but were fighting for the freedom of the people and the future of their native state. Just one text allowed people to unite as a family to resist the enemy.

Example of Chaplin's text

Charlie Chaplin's speech test is called in Russian translation “How I fell in love with myself” and has become our history and the main speech of a person. He said it on his seventieth birthday.

True, there are rumors that in fact the example text could have been written by fans from Brazil. There is no clear evidence that this is the work of Charlie Chaplin, nor is there clear evidence of forgery.

Despite this, the speech on the topic of self-love turned out great and deserves attention - an example that can be used for your own purposes.

“As I began to love myself, I realized that sadness and suffering are only warning signs that I am living against my own truth. Today I know that it is called “BEING YOURSELF.”

When I fell in love with myself, I realized how much you can offend someone if you impose on him the fulfillment of my own desires, when the time has not yet come, and the person is not yet ready, and this person is myself. Today I call it “SELF-RESPECT”.

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped wanting a different life, and suddenly I saw that the life that surrounds me now provides me with every opportunity for growth. Today I call it “MATURITY”.

As I began to love myself, I realized that no matter what the circumstances, I am in the right place at the right time, and everything happens at exactly the right moment. I can always be calm. Now I call it “SELF CONFIDENCE.”

As I began to love myself, I stopped stealing my own time and dreaming about big future projects. Today I only do what brings me joy and makes me happy, what I love and what makes my heart smile. I do it the way I want and at my own pace. Today I call it SIMPLICITY.

When I fell in love with myself, I freed myself from everything that harms my health - food, people, things, situations. Everything that brought me down and took me away from my own path. Today I call it “SELF-LOVE.”

When I began to love myself, I stopped always being right. And that’s when I started making fewer and fewer mistakes. Today I realized that this is “HUMILITY”.

When I fell in love with myself, I stopped living in the past and worrying about the future. Today I live only in the present moment and call it “SATISFACTION”.

When I began to love myself, I realized that my mind could interfere with me, that it could even make me sick. But when I was able to connect him to my heart, he immediately became a valuable ally. Today I call this connection “WISDOM OF THE HEART.”

We no longer need to be afraid of disputes, confrontations, problems with ourselves and with other people. Even stars collide, and new worlds are born from their collisions.Today I know that this is “LIFE”.

Churchill's public speech (part)

Churchill was a master at writing speeches. A speech on a military topic in 1940 left no one indifferent and provides an example to follow.

“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We are facing a severe test. We face many long months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I answer: to wage war by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can bestow upon us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, the like of which has never been equaled in the dark and sorrowful record of human crimes.

This is our policy. What is our goal, you ask? I can answer in one word: victory - victory at any cost, victory despite all the horrors; victory, no matter how long and thorny the path to it may be; without victory we will not survive. It is necessary to understand: the British Empire will not be able to survive - everything for which it existed will perish, everything that humanity has defended for centuries, what it has strived for for centuries, and what it will strive for will perish. However, I accept my responsibilities with energy and hope. I am sure that people will not let our cause die.

Now I feel the right to demand help from everyone, and I say: “Let’s go forward together, combining our forces.”

Churchill was able to write this text using the art of eloquence. What made this text historic was its directness and honesty of expression.

A month after the speech, England's ally was defeated and captured by the Germans; he wrote another text on this topic and delivered it. Parts of his speech should be found and read, this is a good example if you want to write a speech or your goal is to give a class presentation.

Sports, friendship, family, hobbies - these are topics on which you can write professional texts and use public speaking. Examples or parts of oratorical texts can be found on the Internet or seen on television. This should be done if you want to write a text that is good for reading and speaking. A book about public speaking will also contribute to learning, reading specialized literature has improved my ability to conduct a dialogue correctly, thanks to which friendships with people have become stronger, and a recent hobby has begun to pay dividends.

We bring to the attention of readers the full text of Yu. Kokov’s speech, distributed on Wednesday evening by the press service of the head and government of the KBR.

Our meeting is one of the first events within the framework of the Year of Culture that has begun in the country.

It should be a year of turning to the rich heritage of our peoples and modern cultural achievements. Not only cultural and artistic figures, teachers, journalists, museum and library employees, but also political parties, public organizations, in a word, the whole society are called upon to participate in this work.
I hope that in such a professional, caring audience today we will be able to give an objective assessment of the current state of our culture, impartially and frankly discuss the accumulated problems, and outline tasks for the future.
Culture is a multifaceted phenomenon: theater and cinema, painting and literature, folk art. We must consider the problems of all cultural genres in the broadest, most capacious meaning: from high art, creativity to the culture of everyday life and relationships between people.
An important role in the implementation of this task belongs to theaters, which have always played the role of real centers of education and public life. And today it is very important not only to revive, but also to develop, to fully support interest in the theater, to create conditions so that not only Nalsk residents, but also rural residents can see talented theatrical productions. We need serious, high-quality productions for children and teenagers that will teach them to think, empathize, and believe in the power of good. It is necessary to educate the new generation of theatergoers with good artistic taste, the ability to understand and appreciate theatrical and dramatic art.
Much remains to be done to strengthen the material and technical base of theatrical art. First of all, the Musical Theater should be put into operation in the near future. Along with this facility, it is necessary to complete the reconstruction of the buildings of the Nalchik Kursaal and the Kabardian Drama Theater named after. A. Shogentsukov, as well as to work out options for completing the construction of the Palace of Theatres.

Our common goal is to attract special public attention to high-quality literature, to create an environment in the republic in which knowledge of literary classics and modern literature would become the rules of good manners

Today in this hall there are representatives of such an important creative sphere as literature. It is in the book that people find answers to their questions. In our republic, one of the most numerous and authoritative writers' organizations in the region and in the country has long been formed. In the recent past, our writers and poets created brilliant works that were admired not only in the republic and in Russia, but throughout the world.

Our common goal is to attract special public attention to high-quality literature, to create an environment in the republic in which knowledge of literary classics and modern literature would become the rules of good manners.
It is necessary to instill an interest in reading and good literature from an early age, so that young readers know not only the classics, but also recognize modern authors and new heroes.
And, of course, it is important to concentrate efforts on solving problems in the literary sphere. This is the creation of conditions for the creativity of writers and the revival of the traditions of literary criticism, ensuring balanced publishing work and the active use of library capabilities.

As for our artists, the Ministry of Culture, together with the Union of Artists of the Republic, should delve deeper into the current problems of artists, help and stimulate the creative process in their desire to create bright, highly artistic, relevant and diverse works of art.

We expect that the Ministry of Culture, in close cooperation with the Union of Composers, will be able to develop and implement a set of measures to ensure the worthy development of the musical art of Kabardino-Balkaria

It is difficult to overestimate the role and importance of musical art in the spiritual life of the people. We have a wonderful galaxy of composers, musicians and performers. Recent years have brought fame to more than a dozen new bright names in the field of modern music. But at the same time, it is important to remember the need to preserve and enhance everything valuable in musical culture created by our peoples in the previous period. We must be able to pass on folk music and folk song to future generations as an invaluable gift from our ancestors, while at the same time entering the modern world of musical art without losing our individuality.
We expect that the Ministry of Culture, in close cooperation with the Union of Composers, will be able to develop and implement a set of measures to ensure the worthy development of the musical art of Kabardino-Balkaria.
I cannot help but dwell on the activities of professional groups and, above all, our dance ensembles.
I want to emphasize that national dances have been and remain the property and pride of the republic, and we will do everything necessary to support our state professional dance ensembles.

Everything necessary must be done to create appropriate conditions for libraries and those who work in them

Special mention should be made about libraries. The most important function of the library network is to provide the population with free access to textbooks, periodicals and, most importantly, fiction. I think it’s clear how important this is for all segments of the population, especially in educating children. To ensure the full and effective functioning of the library system, it is necessary to solve a number of problems that have accumulated here. This means repairing and equipping buildings and premises, and most importantly, replenishing book stocks, ensuring their safety, and introducing modern information technologies. We must do everything necessary to create proper conditions for both libraries and those who work in them.
The above applies equally to museums and museum workers. Our museums have unique exhibits. But to ensure their safety and hold exhibitions here, a number of issues related to strengthening and updating the material base, repairing buildings and premises, and ensuring the safety of museum collections will have to be resolved.

Museums located in districts require more careful attention. Their role and significance are determined not only by the value and number of exhibits, but also by the uniqueness and originality of materials and documents on the history of our peoples. And our duty with you is to preserve them, not to lose this priceless heritage.

The effectiveness of the entire cultural system as a whole largely depends on the level of organization of the work of club institutions.

An important role in the moral improvement of society, in introducing the population, and especially youth, to national culture and professional art, and in organizing cultural leisure, belongs to club institutions.
At the same time, the level of work of most of them cannot satisfy us. The activities of many cultural centers, especially in villages, are limited to one-time events dedicated to holidays or showing films. The effectiveness of the entire cultural system as a whole largely depends on the level of organization of the work of club institutions. We must do everything necessary to ensure that club institutions function at the level of the requirements of the time, the demands and interests of the population and become genuine centers of culture in the localities. It is necessary to revive their work, ensure effective and rational use, and actively introduce new forms and methods of work of these institutions.

A culture that closes in on itself has no future

The most important task remains the preservation of the unique ethnic cultures of the indigenous peoples of the republic, as a natural environment for the existence and development of ethnic groups. Without native languages, without national culture, people of any nationality - Russians, Kabardians, Balkars - would lose a huge part of their personality and soul. Therefore, our duty is to do everything possible in order not to lose even a small part of our spiritual heritage, to ensure equality in the development of languages ​​and national cultures.
At the same time, a culture that withdraws into itself has no future. Our peoples have always been distinguished by their readiness to perceive other different cultures. And it is very important that the republic has ample opportunities for this. We are talking about our existing national cultural centers. Today we have 18 of them. These are the Ossetian “Nykhas”, the Azerbaijani “Azeri”, the Armenian “Akhbyur”, the Tatar “Tugan Tel”, the Belarusian “Syabry”, the Polish “Druzhba”, the Ukrainian “Dnipro”, the Greek “Elada”, the Turkish Meskhetian “Vatan”, Dagestan “Dagestan”, Estonian “Kodumaa”, Georgian “Rioni”, Terek-Malkinsky Cossack Society and Terek-Malkinsky District of the Terek Cossack Army, Jewish “Tavushi”, Society of Russian History and Culture “Veche”, Balkar “ Alan" and Kabardian "Adyge Khase".
Each national cultural center is unique in its own way, because it represents the original national culture of its people. Together they enrich the cultural life of Kabardino-Balkaria with the diversity and diversity of languages, traditions, folklore and folk art. And what I would like to especially note is that all national and cultural centers, without exception, take a balanced, constructive position in assessing the development of the socio-political situation in the republic, sharing successes and failures, joys and sorrows with the titular peoples. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and gratitude to them for such involvement, for their loyalty and devotion to our common small homeland.
We are doing and will do everything necessary to ensure that every representative of non-indigenous residents of Kabardino-Balkaria always and in everything feels comfortable and cozy at home, having an equal opportunity for full self-realization in education and science, culture and art, in public life and in the public sphere.

In accordance with the May 2012 decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin this year plans to increase the average salary of cultural workers to 13,420 rubles, and by 2018 it should double

The key link that determines success in any business, including the development of culture, is the human factor. The entire personnel corps - from club and library workers to famous cultural and artistic figures, from auxiliary stage workers to recognized masters, singers and dance masters - should become a reliable basis and the main driving force of culture.
It is important to more effectively use the capabilities of the republic’s educational institutions and, above all, the North Caucasus Institute of Arts in training highly professional personnel. It is necessary to improve the practice of selecting and supporting young talents.
It’s no secret that wages for cultural workers today are lower than in a number of other industries. In accordance with the May 2012 decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin this year plans to increase the average salary of cultural workers to 13,420 rubles, and by 2018 it should double.
The implementation of large and responsible tasks in the field of culture, of course, should be the focus of attention of the Government, authorities and local authorities. But still, the main role here belongs to the Ministry of Culture, which should become the headquarters, organizer and coordinator of the efforts of authorities, interested ministries and departments, and public organizations.
Without joint daily efforts, we cannot build that spiritual and cultural space, outside of which our full development is unthinkable. Therefore, I urge everyone to work together with interest in the name of a worthy future for the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria.”

Regional intelligence – festival “Politics around us”

Section “Russian language”

Ministry of Education of the Saratov Region

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school in the village of Pervomaisky"

Sports reporting as a genre of journalism

11th grade student

Municipal educational institution "Secondary school p. Pervomaisky"

Saratov region, Dergachevsky district

p. Pervomaisky, st. Molodezhnaya, 22, apt. 1

Scientific adviser:

Shukhrina Valentina Mikhailovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

Municipal educational institution "Secondary school p. Pervomaisky"

Saratov region, Dergachevsky district,

Content

page Introduction ……………………………………………………... 2 1Features of sports reporting ………………………….. ………. 4

2 The image of a sports report commentator

2.1. Vadim Svyatoslavovich Sinyavsky - the founder of sports reporting ……………………………………………………………………. 5

2.2. Nikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov is an example of creating acting in sports journalism.................................................... .................................... 6

2.3. Modern TV commentators……………………………………… 6

3. Analysis of speech style in modern sports reporting…………… 8

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 13

List of references……………………………………………………… 14

Application (presentation)

Introduction

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that recently more and more people have shown interest in sports. The achievements of our athletes allow Russian citizens to be proud of their country. Sports reporting attracts a lot of attention. The commentator helps people who do not understand the details of sports rules understand why a particular team won or lost, or why a player was given a fine.

The work examines the traditions and features of sports reporting, examples of the best football reporting and the continuation of these traditions in the activities of modern television commentators. In addition, a study was conducted on the style of sports reporting. The study of speech style within the framework of sports reporting helped to clarify what makes sports reporting rich, expressive and attractive to the audience that perceives it.

Object research is television sports reporting as a genre of journalism.

Subject research are sports reports by D. Guberniev.

Target This work consists of considering the features of sports reporting from the point of view of linguistics, which implies solving a number of specifictasks:

Description of sports reporting as a genre, analysis of the features of this type of speech;

Analysis of the image of a commentator, ways of expressing thoughts in sports reporting.

Work structure is determined by the objectives and includes three chapters: a description of a sports report, an analysis of the stylistic and compositional features of a sports report, and a consideration of specific examples. The main findings are summarized in the conclusion.

Practical value This work is that the results of the study can be used in Russian language lessons, and the children’s knowledge in the field of sports journalism will also expand.

Mainhypothesis This study is that the entertaining form of presenting information about a sporting event determines the structure of a sports report, as well as the journalist’s choice of stylistic means of influencing the reader.

Chapter 1 Features of sports reporting

Reporting from a sports competition is the leading genre of modern journalism, which has the richest traditions in domestic television and radio broadcasting, glorified by the names of remarkable masters of sports journalism, such as V. Sinyavsky, N. Ozerov, V. Maslachenko.

Translated from Latin, the word “reportare” means “to convey”, “to report”. In the 19th century, materials began to appear on newspaper pages about the progress of court hearings and meetings of various societies, which began to be called reports.

The essence of sports reporting is a description of what is happening directly at the scene of the event. The commentator should be able to supplement the story about what is happening with other relevant information. If we talk, for example, about football - the most rated sport - then what is happening on the playing field provides an excellent opportunity for a varied and meaningful combination of two main elements of reporting - description and additional information. It is not enough for listeners to know which half of the field the ball is on at the moment, who passed it to whom, and where such and such a midfielder is running. You can tell how many people are in the stadium, what the weather conditions are, tell what place the teams occupy in the standings and how the result of the match will be affected in the future. At the same time, reporting is not a string of statistical data, not a means of demonstrating the sports erudition of a commentator. The journalist is obliged to give the audience the opportunity to empathize with all the moments of the match.

During a report, a sports commentator has no right to demonstrate his own likes and dislikes. He must remember that among the listeners there are adherents of both teams, and those and other athletes. Even if you have to talk about international competitions, when almost the entire audience is worried about their national team, you should remain objective in assessing performances. In sports reporting, sometimes the atmosphere of the competition says as much as the most qualified commentary. When the roar of the stands is more expressive than words, the commentator must pause. The sharp whistle of the referee, the indignation of the fans, the tense silence on the sports ground - all these are additional means of expressiveness that cannot be neglected.

The problem of language and style is nowhere more acute than in sports reporting. The overly emotional language of fans is not suitable for a sports commentator. At the same time, the abuse of specific sports jargon is dangerous.

Chapter 2 The image of a commentator in sports reporting

During the Soviet years, television featured sports enthusiasts from a variety of professions. But the quality that united them was the love of sports, competition, and wrestling. The traditions of the Soviet school of sports reporting included a general culture, goodwill, good Russian language, imagery, the ability to create intrigue, and convey the nature of sports wrestling. The founder of the genre wasVadim Sinyavsky (190601972). Famous TV commentator Georgy Sarkisyants recalled: “He talked about football matches on the radio so entertainingly that listeners could not do anything else.” One of the main rules of Vadim Sinyavsky, for example, was never to suppress the listener or viewer with his categorical statements.The first football report on television was conducted by Vadim Sinyavsky in 1951. Sinyavsky did not become as popular a television commentator as he had always been on the radio, but the vast majority of famous Soviet television commentators called him their teacher. At Sinyavsky’s request, composer Matvey Blanter wrote “Football March,” to the sounds of which all football matches in the USSR began for many years.

The most famous voice for fans was the voiceNikolai Ozerov , who came to television in 1950. Tennis player, Honored Master of Sports, actor of the Moscow Art Theater Nikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov (1922-1997) broadcast the most prestigious international sports competitions for 38 years. According to the recollections of his contemporaries, his reports were charged with positive energy, he always helped novice commentators, and did not refuse to help people in a variety of situations. Ozerov himself was a good player, and his linguistic style was an example of a culture of speech.

Nina Alekseevna Eremina (b. 1933) first appeared in the sports edition of the Vremya program on March 14, 1974. Before that, she had already worked as a commentator for 13 years - since 1961 she had been reporting on basketball, volleyball and handball on the radio. Eremina recalled that she was not trained to work on television, but to work on radio she was taught for four years: they taught breathing, diction, taught her to pay attention to stress, the construction of a phrase, etc. According to her, she learned diction from Vadim Sinyavsky, artistry - from Nikolai Ozerov.

In the 2000s, the main commentators on Channel One were Viktor Gusev, Andrei Golovanov, Konstantin Vybornov, Vladimir Gendlin (also works for NTV). The channel tries not to attract former athletes, since athletes, according to the heads of the Sports Broadcasting Directorate, often do not have correct, competent speech.

Dmitry Viktorovich Guberniev born in 1974 in the Moscow region. He graduated from the pedagogical faculty of the Russian Academy of Physical Culture and the Institute for Advanced Training of Radio and Television Workers. Master of Sports in rowing. Since 1997 - sports commentator for TVC. Since 2000 - sports commentator and presenter of the Rossiya television company. Comments on cyclical sports - biathlon, cross-country skiing, rowing, swimming. Guberniev’s fans appreciate his optimism, emotional charge, brightness, charisma, ability to improvise and create interesting speech patterns, as well as patriotism and devotion to “our” athletes.

The owner of extraordinary height and a thunderous voice, Dmitry Guberniev is very emotional. He calls himself a “sick commentator.” He likes to tell details about athletes, and sometimes does this to the point of annoying athletes and fans. He loves sports jargon and professionalism - he is convinced that they decorate a report. When you have to comment on an unfamiliar sport, you attract experts, specialized literature and the Internet. At the same time, I am sure that different sports have different reporting cultures. For example, it is impossible to comment on the restless biathlon in the same style as elite tennis or “phlegmatic” billiards.

Vladimir Alexandrovich Gomelsky born in 1953 in Leningrad, in a family of basketball players. Has higher economic and higher sports education. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences. Since 1989 he has been collaborating with television. He commentates on basketball, as well as key world-class sporting events, including the Olympic Games. In particular,“commented on the Beijing blanket under which Elena Isinbayeva was hiding before the jump” . Author of books about basketball.

He believes that a good commentator should always know the answer to the question of what is happening on the court, and most importantly, why. Commenting, Vladimir Gomelsky, according to him, usually imagined that he was doing this for friends, but suddenly he discovered that young people were also watching his reports. Since then, in his reports, he not only analyzes and explains what is happening to experienced fans, but also promotes and educates young viewers, and in this he sees his commentator’s mission - to talk about the rules, about famous athletes in the past, to show newcomers the beauty of basketball.

Vasily Vyacheslavovich Utkin born in 1972 in Moscow. Father is a physicist, mother is a doctor. Has a higher pedagogical education. Since 1994 - sports journalist. Since 1996 - football commentator . I also had to comment on tennis, rowing and cross-country skiing. Host of the “Football Club” program, which existed on NTV since 1994 with short breaks, and since 2005 “moved” to NTV-Plus, and which Utkin left from July 2010 to April 2011.

Chapter 3 Analysis of speech style in modern sports reporting

In a sports radio report (as opposed to a TV report), you have to give a broader and at the same time more lively commentary, since listeners cannot see what is happening on the field. Perhaps that is why the speech of commentators and correspondents is more extensive and colorful. Let us note that any report - television and radio - is characterized by a newspaper-journalistic, and often colloquial, everyday style. For a more emotional impact on the audience, commentators often turn to irony as a subtle mockery:

“How the midfielder of the Russian national team managed to miss the goal from 10 meters, only he knows”, “Oh, the German misses... it’s time to order a memorial service for the German coach”; “Well, that’s it, now even the GRAD system won’t help Bjorndalen” (D. Guberniev. Biathlon World Championship. Broadcast by TV channel “Sport.”).

In modern football television coverage, repetitions of various types and inversion as figures of expressive speech are frequent: “My fathers, that’s why Yanker was needed, why this Yanker was needed!” (V.N. Maslachenko. World Championship, game “Russia” - “Tunisia”, 06/05/2002).

For expressiveness of speech in modern sports topics, football vocabulary is sometimes used in a figurative meaning: “Valery Gazzaev’s hattrick. After victories in the UEFA Cup and the Russian Cup, the army team won the championship" (Pryakhin, 2005: 2)..

In the report, both emotionality, vivid epithets, and one’s own assessment of the event are appropriate. Often, while searching for the desired epithet, a commentator finds something completely unusual that can make a TV viewer smile. This happens not only because of the rich imagination of the commentator, but also because of the extreme conditions in which these words are selected.

The fact of excessive saturation of the Russian speech of sports journalists with words of foreign origin deserves special attention. And if in different years of the twentieth century. Attempts (successful and not so successful) were made to replace borrowed words with native Russian analogues, but in recent years this idea was abandoned, and our TV viewer has already become accustomed to foreign specialized vocabulary, moreover, he himself tries to use it in everyday life.

The speech of sports journalists on various TV channels today is full of terms copied from the English language. For example, in broadcasts you can often hear words such as forward, goalkeeper, offside, conner, linesman, insider, which are recorded in dictionaries and have been actively used for several decades. In sports terminology, borrowed words are actually quite actively used, despite the fact that there are similar words in the Russian language. When reporting, to make the speech more beautiful and easier to understand, it is necessary to use as many synonyms as possible. The journalist faces a difficult choice: either each sentence will contain a set of identical words, or he will use foreign or borrowed words.

As in texts of other styles, the use of cliches in teletexts is extremely undesirable. Often, instead of sports terminology, the viewer hears commonly used analogues, which are also unacceptable. Examples include expressions that are so common today as “leather sphere” (ball), “got Victoria.” Along with stylistically neutral terms, colloquial terms and slang are also used: upper corner of the goal (neutral) - nine (colloquial); major league (neutral) - tower (slang); yellow card (neutral) - mustard plaster (slang); field (neutral) - clearing (colloquial) and vegetable garden (poor quality field, slang). It would seem that their use in large quantities and in those places where they can be replaced with neutral expressions is extremely undesirable, since in this case the journalist’s speech takes on a colloquially familiar coloring. However, if the commentator wants to add expressiveness to the text or uses colloquial words as synonyms for frequently used neutral terms, then the appearance of such words and expressions can even be considered justified.

In order to perceive the text on the screen, the brevity of the phrase is appropriate. So, on the 14-16th word, the ability to perceive a message without tension may be impaired, and attention weakens.

Let's analyze the speech of Dmitry Guberniev

Constantly interested in his creative activity, his skill as a speaker, I came across unusual, sometimes contradictory, judgments about commentator Dmitry Guberniev on the Internet. On the one hand, they say about him that he is not just “a good commentator, he is a person who brings a small piece of his soul into each of his reports,” “Guberniev knows how to captivate the listener (and viewer). It’s always nice to see a person who is fluent in speech, capable of experimenting and making jokes...”, “D. Guberniev is smart!” On the other hand, there are also such judgments: “However, the way D. Guberniev squeals from time to time does not make me happy either,” “Guberniev personally scares me with his constant seething, seething, aimless and meaningless energy.” To understand the contradictory attitude towards the commentator, I decided to investigate Guberniev's reports from a linguistic point of view. While collecting video recordings of Guberniev’s reports, I paid attention to the peculiarities of his speech: the use of colloquial expressions and words.

In my work, I conduct targeted observation of the live speech of sports commentator D. Guberniev in live reports of the Biathlon World Cup in Austria, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Italy, recording colloquial phrases and individual words in order to analyze them from a linguistic point of view.

“Colloquial speech is used in cases where there is unpreparedness of the speech act, ease of the speech act and direct participation of the speakers in the speech act.”

It should be noted that in Guberniev’s speech there are “drawls” in speech, such as “uh”, “um-mm”. However, this forces the viewer to focus visual attention, to unite in a single experience with the commentator.

As observations have shown, Dmitry Guberniev can be recognized by his intonation: rhythmic alternation of stressed and unstressed segments of speech (correct articulation, clarity of pronunciation).

It should be noted that a report is a public, expressive speech, rich in words from different layers of vocabulary. For example, there are words of military vocabulary in Guberniev’s comments: “attacks” (“overtakes”), “occupies” (“captures”). In this case, the use of such words is justified: they have become the norm in sports reporting, emotionally denoting climactic moments. Colloquial expressions take on an expressive tone: “the Germans got stuck” (slow), “she ate the Maharani” (overtook), “that’s what they’re doing” (do), they make the viewers stop their gaze and see a decline in the development of the action. Synonyms for the word “well done” are the following phrases and words: “Well done, well done, Yaroshenko”, “Katya is a good fellow”, the phraseological unit “breathing down your neck” is a synonym for “catching up”. Conveying the optimism of the pursuit race, the communicator uses the expression “almost immediately, without swinging” (“ahead”). In the colloquial expressive speech of Dmitry Guberniev, participles and gerunds almost never occur. The tense forms of the verb are used freely, and non-prefixed verbs are changed to prefixed ones: the commentator’s intention to involve the TV viewer-fan in the duration of the moment: “The Germans lay down” (cf.: “lay down”), intonation saturates the expression with slight irony and intrigue. The use of diminutive suffixes in nouns: “Katenka; girls" conveys to the viewer and listener a feeling of trust, empathy, and a certain closeness to the athletes (in character, in spirit).

While working on this topic, I decided to find out how passionate my classmates and acquaintances are about sports. I conducted a survey among school students and adults about which commentators they knew. As a result, I found out that on the eve of the Winter Olympics in Sochi, interest in sports competitions has increased. Everyone noted that they were looking forward to the opening of the games. Among sports commentators, the most famous are D. Guberniev and V. Gomelsky. Only 10% and 5% of students and 50% of adults know N. Ozerova and N. Eremina.

Conclusion

Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed that the entertaining form of presenting information about a sporting event determines the structure of a sports report, as well as the journalist’s choice of stylistic means of influencing the reader.

Studying the television reports of sports commentators, including the report of Dmitry Guberniev, determining the role of colloquial words and expressions in the unity of sports information, I made the following conclusions:

Words and expressions of colloquial style are used by a commentator without special training and express the emotional mood of sports competitions;

The speech intentions of the commentator allow the use of words and expressions of different styles depending on the setting and communication situation.

Speech actions in the use of colloquial vocabulary are aimed at establishing contact with television viewers

Colloquial speech, unlike other varieties of the Russian language, is not subject to any special rules, therefore it is widespread among cultural speakers of the Russian language.

List of used literature

Boykova N. G. Report // Modern newspaper journalism: Problems of style. - L.: Publishing House of Leningrad University, 1987.

Kaida L.G. Stylistic resources of modern sports reporting // Sports in the mirror of journalism: about the skill of a sports journalist / Comp. G. Ya. Solganik. - M.: Mysl, 1989.

Maidanova L. M., Duskaeva L. R. Genres of journalistic style. Report // Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. M. N. Kozhina. - M.: Flinta: Science, 2003.

Cherepakhov M. S. Report // Newspaper genres. - M.: Politizdat, 1971.

Shibaeva L.V. Genres in the theory and practice of journalism. - M., 2000.

Shmeleva T.V. Model of speech genre // Genres of speech. - Saratov, 1997.

peoples/state/correspondent/utkin/interview1.html

skisport/doc/read. php? id=215 - official website of the magazine "Skiing"

bbs. nashalife/showthread. php? s=&postid=293097 -forum fans

The ability to speak beautifully is always valuable, and public speeches by famous politicians can change the world. But not all of them are remembered for their significance. Often famous people make unforgivable or quite funny blunders, and sometimes their speeches have a truly soporific effect. But the most striking performances remain forever in history.

Fidel Castro's records

Exactly 53 years ago, Cuban leader Fidel Castro made history and set a Guinness Book record for being the politician who gave the longest speech at the UN. The prime ministers gathered at the XV session of the United Nations General Assembly were forced to listen to him for a full 4 hours and 29 minutes. After which restrictions were introduced into the regulations.

But this is far from Fidel’s only long and fiery speech. At the third congress of the Communist Party in Havana in 1986, he held the hall, according to some testimonies, for 7 hours and 10 minutes, according to others - as much as 27 hours. And in 2005, when rumors began to circulate that Castro had Parkinson's disease, he spoke for five hours to students and teachers at the University of Havana. All this time, the 79-year-old Comandante spoke while standing and never faltered. Moreover, he asserted at the same time: “I have never felt better than now.”

Dreams of Martin Luther King...

On August 28, 1963, African-American preacher Martin Luther King delivered his famous “I have a dream” speech. A fighter for the rights of blacks in the United States spoke of a future in which people will be equal regardless of skin color. About 300 thousand Americans listened to him that day.

I dream that one day, on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveholders will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood, as Martin Luther King envisioned the future.

This speech went down in history and is still considered one of the best masterpieces of oratory. And in 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize “for his work in favor of equal rights for blacks.”

...and their opponents

If Martin Luther King was quite brief in expressing his dream, then its opponents spent much more time convincing people. Thus, in 1957, US Senator Strom Thurmond spent 24 hours and 18 minutes preventing the granting of voting rights to the black population of the United States. The regulations did not prohibit such long speeches, which the politician took full advantage of. But his idea was in vain - the law was nevertheless adopted.

The Pope's last word...

At the beginning of 2013, Pope Benedict XVI abdicated the throne. The 85-year-old pontiff explained this decision by saying that he did not have enough strength. February 27 in the Vatican, the head of the Roman Catholic Church addressed the parishioners for the last time. About 200 thousand people gathered to listen to Benedict XVI's speech.

I do not renounce the cross, I remain in the bosom of the church. I will no longer be the first person of the church, but I will remain here, in the city of St. Peter. The path I have taken is very difficult, but also very happy. I will continue this path with prayer, devoting myself to the Lord, and this I will always do,” the farewell words of the Pope that day received a lot of applause and went down in history forever.

...and Boris Yeltsin

"I'm tired. “I’m leaving” - these words of Russian President Boris Yeltsin became popular. This is how he began his farewell speech. On New Year's Eve, December 31, 1999, in a traditional address to the people, he announced that he was leaving his post. This came as a shock to most people and even to politicians. After all, he planned his speech secretly. And even his wife found out about the resignation only on the morning of December 31, when Boris Yeltsin was getting ready to record his address.

By the way, Yeltsin also had the shortest inaugural speech; he delivered it on August 9, 1996. The appeal contained only 33 words. The performance was shortened due to the fact that Boris Nikolaevich was not feeling well at the time.

Horror films by Paul Hellier...

The speech that former Canadian Defense Minister Paul Hellier gave at the Civil Hearings on Declassification conference in the spring of 2013 in Washington was a bombshell. The politician said that aliens really exist. True, Hellier also said at a symposium at the University of Toronto on September 25, 2005 that “UFOs are as real as planes flying above our heads.” And yet, speaking at a hearing in front of a respectable audience, replete with details and loud statements, became a YouTube super hit. After all, the politician is absolutely convinced of the presence of alien intelligence. In addition, he told how many types of aliens have visited our planet, and also stated that “there are living aliens living on Earth at the present time.” And yet two of them work for the US government.

Perhaps the most imaginative and vivid are the speeches of former Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. The ardent opponent of the United States was remembered by many after his speech at the UN General Assembly on September 20, 2006, where he called the American president the devil. We were talking about George W. Bush, who spoke the day before. At the same time, Chavez, standing on the podium, even crossed himself.

The devil came here yesterday. Yes, he was here yesterday. Right here. And today it still smells of sulfur,” said the Venezuelan President. This 7-minute performance by Chavez caused different feelings among politicians, but the applause in the hall was loud.

By the way

The longest speech in the world belongs to the French official Louis Colet. He spoke without a break for 124 hours. This fact is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records.