Who determines the mode of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods. Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods by road transport, safety requirements. The emergency code must be indicated

The category of dangerous goods includes such goods that, due to their physical and chemical properties, can pose a danger to human life and health, cause serious environmental damage to the natural environment, and also cause damage or destruction of property.

It is no coincidence that such goods are called dangerous, therefore, all manipulations with them, in particular their transportation, are regulated by the relevant regulatory legal acts.

Legal framework for road transport of dangerous goods

To regulate the transportation of dangerous goods by road on the territory of the Russian Federation, there are rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road(POGAT rules), approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia on August 8, 1995 No. 73 and registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 18, 1995 No. 997.

In addition, there is another important document - European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, abbreviated as ADR (Road Transportation of Dangerous Goods) or ADR (Accord Dangereuses Route). This agreement was developed by the UN Economic Commission back in 1957 in Geneva in order to create common rules for the road transport of dangerous goods. Russia is among the countries that signed this document, therefore all requirements are valid on the territory of the Russian Federation.

There are also a number of regulatory legal acts affecting certain aspects of the transportation of dangerous types of cargo. However, their description is not specifically given here, so as not to make a bias in the legal direction.

Classification of dangerous goods

In accordance with the rules for the transportation of dangerous goods (hereinafter referred to as the POGAT rules), goods are divided into 9 classes according to the type of danger (according to the requirements of GOST 19433-88):

1 class: explosive materials (EM);
Grade 2- gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure;
3rd grade- flammable liquids (flammable liquids);
4th grade- flammable solids (LVS), spontaneously combustible substances (SV); substances that emit flammable gases when interacting with water;
5th grade- oxidizing agents (OC) and organic peroxides (OP);
6th grade- toxic substances (NS) and infectious substances (IV);
7th grade- radioactive materials (RM);
8th grade- caustic and (or) corrosive substances (EC);
Grade 9- other dangerous substances.

In addition, each class is divided into separate subclasses, categories and groups. During transportation, the class and subclass of hazard are indicated in the documents for the cargo: first the class number, then after the dot - the subclass number. Also, in accordance with ADR, each type of dangerous goods is assigned a four-digit number from list of UN numbers. Using this list, you can determine which hazard group number the transported substance has, its class and classification code, as well as the packaging group required for transportation and reflecting the degree of danger.

Classification code indicates the type of hazard, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the cargo being transported. The classification code may consist of letters and numbers that indicate the group of dangerous properties of the substance. Each class has its own designations.

For example, a common explosive gas - propane - belongs to the second class and the third hazard subclass, which is written as "2.3". Its number from the UN list is 1978 (UN1978), the classification code is 2F (group 2, F - flammable).

Particularly dangerous goods

Not all dangerous goods are equally dangerous: some are more dangerous, some are less. Obviously, according to the degree of danger, radioactive substances pose an increased danger compared, for example, with certain types of pesticides.

Based on this, dangerous goods that pose an increased danger are classified as "specially dangerous goods". A list of especially dangerous goods is given in Appendix 7.2 of the ADDR. Such types of goods are subject to special requirements for transportation, as well as a special procedure for issuing road documentation.

What applies to dangerous goods or when dangerous goods are considered non-dangerous

In order to find out if the substance being transported is a dangerous goods, you need to look at the UN list. It describes in detail which class and degree of danger the substance belongs to.

For example, propane is on this list, which means that it is a dangerous goods and, therefore, it must be transported under the rules for the transport of dangerous goods. However, in life there are situations when a person needs to transport a gas cylinder to his dacha in his car - is it really necessary to obtain a special permit, equip the car with the appropriate identification marks, etc.?

The rules of POGAT say that transportation limited quantity hazardous substances on one vehicle can be considered as transportation NON-HAZARDOUS cargo, i.e. POGAT rules do not apply in this case.

Under the term limited quantity means the amount of a substance that does not actually carry a great danger and does not fall under the rules for the transport of dangerous goods. This is spelled out in ADR, and for each type of substance its own quantity standards are defined, and for some they are not defined at all. This suggests that the substance is dangerous in any quantity (for example, radioactive uranium).

For example, for propane, the maximum amount of cargo that can be transported on one transport unit (one car with or without a trailer) without falling under the rules is 333 kg. This means that if the mass of propane is less than the specified norm, then the driver is not required to have an ADR permit for transportation.

However, it should not be forgotten that despite the fact that this amount of dangerous goods is not subject to the GOAT, it should not be transported properly. There are many regulations and rules that specify how and what should be transported correctly. For example, when transporting gas cylinders, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the safety rules described by the relevant regulations.

Procedure for the transport of dangerous goods

Issuance of permits for the transport of dangerous goods by road

Transportation of goods is carried out on the basis of special permits for the transport of dangerous goods. Such permits are called ADR or ADR permits. Permits are issued either by the territorial authority RosTransNadzora- if the route passes along roads of federal significance or through more than one subject of the Russian Federation, or by other bodies (an executive authority of a subject of the Russian Federation or a local government body) in other cases.

To obtain an ADR permit, the carrier fills out an application in the prescribed form, and also attaches a number of documents to it, including:

certificate of approval of the vehicle for the carriage of dangerous goods;
certificate of the driver's admission to the transportation of dangerous goods;
emergency and information cards of the hazard communication system;
transportation route.

AT emergency and informational the cards indicate the detailed dangerous properties of the transported cargo, as well as a list of measures necessary to eliminate the consequences in the event of an emergency.

The statement also indicates the persons responsible for the transportation and safety of the cargo.

Dangerous goods route

The ADR and the POGAT rules clearly state that the route of transportation of dangerous goods must pass outside densely populated areas, as well as outside objects of any value to mankind (reserves, historical sites, etc.) in order to avoid a large number of victims and property damage. If it is impossible to avoid passing through such places, then the route is chosen according to the principle of minimizing danger - it should run where a large crowd of people is not planned.

Also, the route indicates the time at which vehicles with dangerous goods can move, stopping places, speed limits on certain sections of the road, etc. An important role is also played by the weather conditions that will be at the time at which the transportation is planned.

If the transported cargo is especially dangerous, then in this case the route is coordinated with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Also, one cannot do without contacting the Ministry of Internal Affairs if the cargo is transported in difficult road conditions (mountain road, conditions of poor visibility, snowfall), and the cargo is transported in a convoy of more than three vehicles.

Route movement

Transportation of dangerous goods must be carried out according to the developed route - the speed limit, designated stops, etc. must be strictly observed.

In a vehicle carrying dangerous goods, there must be a person responsible for transportation (the person accompanying and responsible for the cargo), who knows the features and properties of the substance being transported and how to handle it in the event of an emergency.

When transporting especially dangerous goods, as well as cargo in a convoy of vehicles of more than 3 units, an escort vehicle equipped with an orange or yellow beacon must be in front of the vehicle. If necessary, a patrol car of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs can be allocated as an escort.

Requirements for vehicles carrying dangerous goods

A vehicle that is planned for the transport of hazardous substances must be appropriately equipped, otherwise it will not be possible to obtain a certificate of admission to the transport of dangerous goods.

Measures for the installation of special equipment include the installation of a yellow flashing beacon on the car, a reinforced fuel tank, a wheel chock, fire extinguishing systems, means of informing others about potential danger, etc. This allows you to maximally protect this car and others from the risk of an emergency, as well as prevent or reduce negative consequences if it does happen.

In order to tighten control to minimize the risk of accidents during the transportation of dangerous goods, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation issued Order No. 285 from 31.07.2012, which refers to the mandatory installation of satellite navigation systems on vehicles carrying dangerous goods GLONASS or GPS to control traffic along the established route. In addition to all this, the machines must be equipped tachographs- devices that "monitor" the observance of the time spent by the driver behind the wheel, as well as the system ABS (Antilock Brake System - anti-lock braking system) responsible for the behavior of the car during emergency braking.

Dangerous goods are substances and objects that, due to their inherent properties, pose a threat to human life and health, the state of the environment, the safety of buildings, structures, equipment and other material objects. These include: fuels, acids, pesticides, paints, aerosols, fire extinguishers, solvents, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, lithium batteries, etc.

In total, the UN list of hazardous substances includes about 3,500 items.

In principle, the fact that they carry a threat does not mean that this threat will necessarily come true: only if certain factors coincide, the transportation, as well as the loading / unloading of such substances, can lead to an explosion, fire, death of people and animals, radioactive or infection, toxic damage, environmental pollution, damage to technical devices, vehicles, buildings, structures, etc.

It is in order that these factors do not coincide and, therefore, that possible harm be avoided, the transportation of dangerous goods is carried out according to strict rules in compliance with all necessary measures and conditions.

Previously, the delivery of such goods within the Russian Federation was regulated by the Rules for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road (PRGAT). However, since the beginning of 2017, these rules have been abolished and the legislative framework has become European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), which Russia joined back in 1994 and which until then was "responsible" only for international communication.

What was it for? In order, firstly, to reduce the redundancy of legislative acts, and secondly, to improve the quality of transportation of dangerous goods: ADR, in contrast to DPOGAT, is systematically updated and adjusted, and the existence of only one regulatory document does not allow contradictions and confusion.

What do you need to know in order to carry out high-quality and safe transportation of dangerous goods?

The conditions and rules for the transportation of dangerous goods depend primarily on its name and what class it belongs to.

So, each hazardous substance or group of substances is assigned a special UN number (UN-identifier). These numbers, by the way, are assigned to substances by the experts of the United Nations Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods after all the necessary tests have been carried out to determine the main and additional danger of the goods.

By UN number in table "List of dangerous goods"(Appendix A to ADR) you can find out all the information related to the transportation of a particular substance / product: methods of marking and packaging, the procedure for placing danger signs on vehicles and containers, the choice of vehicle, provisions for transportation and handling operations, the degree and the type of hazard presented (…) and, not least, the class of the substance.

In accordance with ADR, 13 classes of dangerous goods are distinguished:

class 1: explosives and products;
class 2: gases;
class 3: flammable liquids;
class 4.1: flammable solids, self-reactive substances, solid desensitized explosives;
class 4.2: substances capable of spontaneous combustion;
class 4.3: Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases;
class 5.1: oxidizing agents;
class 5.2: organic peroxides;
class 6.1: toxic substances;
class 6.2: infectious substances;
class 7: radioactive materials;
class 8: corrosive substances;
class 9: other hazardous substances and articles.

Class 1. Explosive substances and articles

explosives: solid or liquid substances (or mixtures of substances) that are capable of chemical reaction with the evolution of gases at such a temperature, such pressure and at such a rate that it causes damage to surrounding objects;
pyrotechnic substances: substances or mixtures of substances intended to produce an effect in the form of heat, light, sound, gas or smoke, or a combination thereof, as a result of self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions occurring without detonation;
explosive products: articles containing one or more explosive or pyrotechnic substances;
other substances and products not mentioned above, which are produced for the production of blasting or creating a pyrotechnic effect.

Substances of this class have six subclasses (1.1-1.6), the transportation of which is accompanied by the following danger signs - designations that must be placed on packaging, containers, tanks and vehicles carrying out transportation.

For subclasses 1.1-1.3

For subclass 1.4

For subclass 1.5

For subclass 1.6

The class of explosives and products includes: cartridges for weapons, blank cartridges, gunpowder, detonators, explosive charges, primers, fuses, mines, bombs, grenades, nitroglycerin, ammonium nitrate, distress signals, firecrackers, sparklers, etc.

To ensure the safety of the transportation of goods of the 1st class, special substances are added - phlegmatizers: wax, paper, water, polymers, alcohol, oils ... They make the explosive insensitive or less sensitive to heat, shock, shock, shock and friction and reduce the likelihood of an explosion.

At the same time, ammunition with poisonous substances (UN Nos. 0020 and 0021), as well as explosives that are excessively sensitive, are not allowed for carriage.

Class 2. Gases

Covers pure gases, mixtures of gases, mixtures of one or more gases with one or more other substances, and articles containing such substances.

Cargoes of this class are divided into:

compressed gas: when loaded for transport under pressure, at -50°C it is completely gaseous;
liquefied gas: loaded under pressure, becomes partially liquid at -50°C;
refrigerated liquefied gas: loaded under pressure, due to its low temperature it is partially liquid;
dissolved gas: loaded under pressure, dissolved in liquid solvent;
aerosol dispensers and small containers containing gas (gas cartridges);
other products containing pressurized gas;
non-pressurized gases subject to special requirements (gas samples);
pressure chemicals: liquids, pastes or powders under the pressure of a propellant that meets the definition of a compressed or liquefied gas, and mixtures of these substances;
adsorbed gas: when loaded for transport, adsorbed on a solid porous material, resulting in an internal pressure in the vessel of less than 101.3 kPa at 20°C or less than 300 kPa at 50°C.

This includes: compressed air, butane, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, petroleum gas, lighters, lighter refills, fire extinguishers, etc.

Gases are transported under the following hazard labels:

2.1. flammable gases

2.2. non-flammable non-toxic gases

2.3. toxic gases

However, it should be taken into account that it is impossible to transport:

refrigerated liquid hydrogen chloride (UN No. 2186);
nitrogen trioxide (UN No. 2421);
methyl nitrite (UN No. 2455).

Class 3 Flammable liquids

These include:

flammable liquids;
substances which at a temperature of 50°C have a pressure of not more than 300 kPa (3 bar) and at a temperature of 20°C are not completely gaseous;
substances that have a flash point not higher than 60°C;
liquid substances and solid substances in the molten state with a flash point above 60°C, which are offered for transport or transported in a hot state at a temperature equal to or greater than their flash point;
liquid desensitized explosives.

These are: acetone, benzene, camphor oil, carbon disulfide, adhesives, alcohol, liquid aromatic extracts, diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, paint, oil, rubber solution, medical tinctures, etc.

Flammable liquids are transported under the following danger signs:

substances easily oxidized with the formation of peroxides, if the content of peroxide in them in terms of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exceeds 0.3%;
chemically unstable substances, unless the necessary precautions have been taken to prevent the possibility of a dangerous decomposition or polymerization reaction.

Class 4.1. Flammable solids, self-reactive substances, solid desensitized explosives

Includes:

flammable solids and articles: powdery, granular and pasty substances that can easily catch fire on short-term contact with an ignition source (for example, a burning match), and also form toxic combustion products;
self-reactive solids or liquids: thermally unstable substances capable of undergoing violent exothermic decomposition even without the participation of oxygen (air);
solid desensitized explosives: substances that are wetted with water or alcohols or diluted with other substances to suppress their explosive properties;
substances like self-reactive substances;
polymerizable substances: Substances which, if not stabilized under normal conditions of transport, are capable of undergoing a violent exothermic reaction leading to the formation of larger molecules or the formation of polymers.

For example: aluminum powder, film and photographic film based on nitrocellulose, crude or refined naphthalene, sulfur, etc.

For the carriage of substances in this class, the following indication is used danger Sign

To ensure the safety of transportation of self-reactive substances, they are desensitized (reduced sensitivity) using special diluents, and in relation to polymerizing substances, the temperature regime is strictly monitored.

In this case, you cannot transport:

self-reactive substances type A;
phosphorus sulfides not free from white and yellow phosphorus;
solid sensitized explosives not listed on the dangerous goods list;
inorganic flammable substances in the molten state (exception - molten sulfur, UN No. 2448);
as well as substances for the transportation of which the necessary security measures have not been taken.

Class 4.2. Substances capable of spontaneous combustion

This class includes:

pyrophoric substances: substances, including mixtures and solutions (liquid or solid), which, even in small quantities, ignite on contact with air within five minutes;
self-heating substances and products: substances and articles, including mixtures and solutions, which, in contact with air without external energy supply, are capable of self-heating. They ignite only in large quantities (kilograms) and only after long periods of time (hours or days).

These are: charcoal, activated charcoal, wet cotton, fishmeal, paper treated with unsaturated oils, bagasse, spent iron oxide, etc.

In general, self-heating of a substance is a process in which heat is released as a result of a gradual reaction with oxygen (air). If the rate of heat production exceeds the rate of heat loss, the temperature of the substance rises, which can lead to ignition and combustion.

For the transport of goods of this class, the following danger label is applied

However, the following are not allowed for carriage:

tert-butyl hypochlorite (UN No. 3255);
oxidizing self-heating solids of UN No. 3127 (if they do not meet the requirements).

Class 4.3. Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Covers all substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases capable of forming explosive mixtures with air, as well as articles containing such substances.

In particular: alkali metal amides, aluminum carbide, uncoated aluminum powder, barium, calcium, cesium, lithium, magnesium powder, sodium, zinc dust, etc.

The transport of these substances must be carried out under the following danger signs:

However, substances of UN No. 3133 (Water-reactive oxidizing solids) will not be accepted for carriage unless they meet specified special requirements.

Class 5.1. Oxidizing agents

Substances that are not necessarily combustible in themselves, but can (usually by giving off oxygen) cause or support the combustion of other materials.

For example: a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid, an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorates, an aqueous solution of inorganic nitrates, a chemical oxygen generator, an emulsion of ammonium nitrate, etc.

A danger sign is used for their transportation.

However, you cannot transport:

unstabilized hydrogen peroxide or unstabilized aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution if they contain more than 60% hydrogen peroxide;
UN 3100 (oxidizing solid, self-heating), UN 3121 (oxidizing solid, water-reactive), UN 3137 (oxidizing, solid, flammable);
tetranitromethane containing combustible impurities;
solutions of perchloric acid containing by mass more than 72% acid, or mixtures of perchloric acid with any liquid other than water;
a solution of chloric acid containing more than 10% acid, or mixtures of chloric acid with any liquid other than water;
halogenated fluorine compounds, except: bromine pentafluoride (UN 1745), bromine trifluoride (UN 1746), iodine pentafluoride (UN 2495), chlorine trifluoride (UN 1749), chlorine pentafluoride (UN 2548, Class 2);
ammonium chlorate and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of chlorate with an ammonium salt;
ammonium chlorite and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of chlorite with an ammonium salt;
mixtures of hypochlorite with ammonium salt;
ammonium bromate and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of bromate with an ammonium salt;
ammonium permanganate and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of permanganate with an ammonium salt;
ammonium nitrate containing more than 0.2% combustible substances (including any organic substance calculated as carbon), unless it is a component of a class 1 substance or article;
ammonium nitrite and its aqueous solutions, as well as mixtures of inorganic nitrite with an ammonium salt;
mixtures of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite and ammonium salt.

In addition, all substances in this class are not accepted for carriage unless the necessary measures have been taken to prevent their dangerous decomposition or polymerization during carriage. To do this, in particular, it must be ensured that vessels and tanks do not contain substances capable of activating hazardous reactions.

Class 5.2. organic peroxides

Covers organic peroxides and organic peroxide formulations whose hazard is that they are prone to exothermic decomposition at normal or elevated temperatures. Decomposition may be initiated by heat, contact with impurities (acids, heavy metal compounds, amines), friction or shock and lead to the formation of harmful or flammable gases or vapours. At the same time, many organic peroxides burn intensely, and some, even with a short contact, lead to serious injury to the cornea of the eyes or corrode the skin.

Danger signs indicating the transport of organic peroxides

To ensure the safety of transport, they are desensitized by the addition of liquid or solid organic substances, solid inorganic substances or water. Desensitization is carried out in such a way that, in the event of leakage of organic peroxide, its concentration does not reach a dangerous level. Certain organic peroxides may only be transported under temperature controlled conditions.

However, type A organic peroxides are not allowed for transportation.

Class 6.1. Toxic Substances

These are substances that are known from experience or can be suspected from the results of experiments on animals that they can (in a single or short exposure and in relatively small quantities) cause harm to human health or cause death if they inhalation, absorption through the skin or ingestion.

Toxic substances include: arsenic, liquid toxic dye, liquid mercury compound, nicotine, nitrobenzene, solid phenol, liquid tear substances, gas tear candles, liquid toxic drugs, chloroform, soluble lead compound, etc.

The hazard sign warning of the transport of a toxic substance looks like this:

However, the following are not allowed for transportation:

anhydrous hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen cyanide in solution, unless it conforms to the descriptions of UN Nos. 1051, 1613, 1614 and 3294;
metal carbonyls with a flash point below 23°C, with the exception of nickel carbonyl (UN No. 1259) and iron pentacarbonyl (UN No. 1994);
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) at concentrations considered highly toxic;
symmetrical dichloromethyl ether (UN No. 2249);
preparations of phosphides without additives that inhibit the release of toxic flammable gases;
and chemically unstable substances, unless the necessary precautions have been taken to prevent the possibility of a dangerous decomposition or polymerization reaction under normal conditions of carriage.

Class 6.2. infectious substances

Are divided into:

infectious substances dangerous to humans;
infectious substances dangerous only for animals;
clinical waste;
biological preparations.

Transported under danger sign

Live animals should not be used to transport an infectious substance unless the substance cannot be transported by other means or if such transport is approved by the competent authority.

Class 7. Radioactive materials

This class includes any material containing radionuclides in which the concentration of activity, as well as the total activity of the cargo, exceeds 0.002 microns per gram.

Radioactive materials, depending on the degree of danger, are transported under the following signs

For the safety of transportation, it is necessary, firstly, to comply with the restrictions on the amount of a substance allowed for transportation, and secondly, to use special insulating containers. Such packaging should prevent the penetration of a radioactive substance in a dangerous amount into the environment and reduce the intensity of ionizing radiation.

Class 8: Corrosive substances

These are substances which, by virtue of their chemical properties, attack epithelial tissue (skin or mucous membrane) on contact or which, if leaked or spilled, may cause damage or destruction to other goods or vehicles. In addition, the class "corrosive substances" includes substances that form a corrosive liquid only in the presence of water or corrosive vapors or suspensions - in the presence of natural air humidity.

For example: caustic alkaline liquid, bromine or bromine solution, fire extinguisher charging liquid, formic acid, phosphoric acid solution, sulfuric acid, bromoacetic acid solution, non-explosive smoke bombs, nitric acid, industrial mercury, etc.

Danger label for the transport of corrosive substances

Not allowed for transportation:

a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids (UN No. 1798);
chemically unstable mixtures of spent sulfuric acid;
chemically unstable nitrating acid mixtures or non-denitrated mixtures of residual sulfuric and nitric acids;
an aqueous solution of perchloric acid containing more than 72% pure acid by mass, or mixtures of perchloric acid with any liquid other than water.

Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

Covers those substances and articles which, during transport, present a hazard not listed in the description of the previous classes. They are divided into:

substances whose fine dust, if inhaled, may pose a health hazard;
substances and articles which, in case of fire
can release dioxins;
substances that emit flammable vapors; lithium batteries;
rescue equipment;
substances hazardous to the environment: liquid and solid environmental pollutants, genetically modified organisms and microorganisms;
liquid and solid substances at elevated temperatures;
other substances and articles presenting a danger during transportation, but not meeting the definitions of other classes.

These products include: solid carbon dioxide (dry ice), castor flour, flammable gas vehicle, battery powered vehicle, first aid kit, internal combustion engine, lithium-ion batteries, etc.

They are transported under the sign of danger

Not allowed for transportation:

uncleaned empty containers for appliances (such as transformers, condensers or hydraulic appliances) containing substances assigned to UN Nos. 2315, 3151, 3152 or 3432;
lithium batteries that do not meet the necessary safety requirements.

Table A "List of dangerous goods"

As already noted, this table contains about 3,500 names of unsafe substances, groups of substances and products that can harm people, animals, the environment, material objects, etc. Each of them has its own special transportation conditions and the necessary measures that must if not completely neutralize the threat, but at least minimize it as much as possible.

The measures and conditions relate to packaging and labeling, cargo compatibility, choice of vehicle, handling procedures, etc. Using the table is not difficult: you just need to know which UN code the substance or article corresponds to.

For example, you can define the conditions for transporting lighters (UN No. 1057).

This cargo belongs to the 2nd hazard class (“Gases”) and has a classification code 6F, which means: a flammable product containing a gas under pressure. For its transportation, the danger sign 2.1 “Flammable gases” (picture 6 or 7) is used.

Column 6 (“Special Provisions”) shows that for transportation:

lighters must be equipped with protection against accidental release of contents;
the liquid phase must not exceed 85% of the capacity of the vessel at 15°C;
vessels, including closures, must withstand an internal pressure twice that of LPG at 55°C;
valve mechanisms and igniters must be securely sealed, insulated with tape or otherwise secured, or so constructed as to prevent their operation or leakage of contents during transport;
lighters must contain no more than 10 g of liquefied petroleum gas;
used lighters, collected separately, need not be protected against accidental discharge during transport, provided that measures are taken to prevent a dangerous increase in pressure and the creation of a dangerous atmosphere;
leaking or severely deformed lighters should be transported in salvage containers, etc.

In addition, when transporting lighters, rigid outer packagings (cases) must be used which are designed, constructed and placed in such a way as to exclude the possibility of movement, accidental ignition of the device or accidental leakage of flammable gas.

However, lighters may be packed in an outer packaging together with other Class 2 goods, other classes (if joint packaging is permitted) and goods not subject to ADR, provided that they cannot react dangerously with each other.

Lighters belong to the 2nd transport category, which means that with a maximum total number of products of 333 kg (gross weight), their transportation is exempt from some ADR requirements (more on this below).

Restriction code D indicates that a vehicle carrying lighters is not allowed to pass through tunnels of categories D and E.

And for loading and unloading, the code CV9 applies: lighters must not be thrown or subjected to impacts, they must be stowed in such a way that they cannot tip over or fall. In addition, it is prohibited to use fuel-burning heaters at loading points and to enter the cargo compartment of closed vehicles carrying cargo with portable lighting devices.

And so - for each dangerous goods planned for transportation.

General requirements for the transport of dangerous goods

However, together with some special conditions specified for individual substances and products, general requirements apply when transporting dangerous goods.

First of all, the transportation of dangerous goods is possible if the vehicle is approved for their transportation, and the driver has undergone special ADR training.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that a driver with a continuous, at least three-year experience in driving vehicles of the corresponding category, can undergo training and obtain an ADR certificate.

ADR training, in turn, implies different levels:

basic (mandatory) course, after which it is possible to transport dangerous goods in packages (except for explosive and radioactive substances);
a specialized course on the transport of dangerous goods in tanks;
specialized course on transportation of substances and products of the 1st class;
a specialized course on the transport of radioactive materials (7th grade).

As for the admission of the vehicle, a special certificate (it is issued by the traffic police) is required only for vehicles classified by ADR as EX / II, EX / III, FL, OX, AT and MEMU (roughly speaking, those that carry explosives or substances in tanks), for the rest such approval is a diagnostic card confirming the fact of passing a technical inspection (trucks intended for the transport of dangerous goods must pass it every six months).

However, in the case of transportation of high-risk goods, in addition to the approval of the vehicle and the driver's ADR certificate, a special permit is also required. This rule applies to both international and domestic communications.

The list of dangerous goods can be found in Table 1.10.3.1.2 of ADR.

Rostransnadzor is responsible for issuing a special permit if the route of the vehicle must pass along federal highways or through the territory of two or more regions.

If on the roads of regional or intermunicipal significance, then permission should be applied to the regional executive authority. If on local roads - to the local government. If on a private road - to the owner of this road. And so on.

By the way, earlier it was necessary to coordinate the route of transportation of high-risk cargo with the traffic police, now the same body that is responsible for issuing permits is responsible for coordinating the route.

Having received the application, he either refuses to transport, or sends to the local executive authorities, through whose territory the transportation should be carried out, an application for approval of the route.

In the case of a positive response and no violations, a special permit is issued. Its maximum validity period is one year, and it can cover either one or several identical shipments of dangerous goods. The permit must contain the following information:

the name of the authority that issued the permit;
class, UN number, name and description of the dangerous goods;
established transportation route and traffic conditions on it;
name and location of the consignor and consignee;
information about the carrier: for a legal entity - name, organizational and legal form, legal address; for an individual - last name, first name, patronymic, place of residence, details of an identity document;
type, model, brand of the vehicle, state registration plate of the car, trailer or semi-trailer;
special permit number;
date of issue and validity of the permit.

To obtain a permit, along with the application (which describes the cargo, the route of its transportation, etc. information) it is necessary to present:

a copy of the vehicle registration certificate;
a document confirming the right to own the vehicle legally (if it is not the property of the carrier);
a copy of the certificate of approval of the vehicle for the carriage of dangerous goods;
a copy of the certificate of training for the driver of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods;
documents confirming the authority of the representative (if the application is submitted not by the carrier himself, but by his representative).

Requirements for the marking of containers and the designation of vehicles

First of all, as noted, the vehicle must be approved for the transport of dangerous goods. He receives such a certificate after a technical inspection designed to check the condition of the vehicle (trailer, container, tank, etc.) and its compliance with safety requirements. The permit is valid only for a year, after the expiration of the period it is necessary to undergo an inspection again.

What is important, vehicles carrying dangerous goods, in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 285 dated July 31, 2012, must be equipped with GLONASS or GLONASS / GPS satellite navigation systems.

During transportation, the vehicle must certainly be marked: so that it can immediately be understood that it is carrying dangerous goods, and determine what kind of cargo it is carrying and what kind of danger this cargo represents. For this, special orange plates are used, made of resistant and durable material that can withstand adverse atmospheric conditions, not burn out in a fire, being in it for at least 15 minutes, and keep the inscriptions placed on it.

Why such requirements? If, for example, an accident occurs with the vehicle during the journey (and the accompanying documents are lost), the rescuers who arrive will still be able to recognize the danger and take all necessary measures to neutralize it. After all, the cargo identification number (or UN number) is applied in the lower half of the plates, and the hazard code in the upper half. The hazard code, by the way, consists of two or three digits: the first indicates the main danger, the second (or second and third) - additional.

Number "2": release of gas as a result of pressure or chemical reaction.
Number "3": flammability of liquids (vapours) and gases or self-heating liquid.
Number "4": flammability of solids or a self-heating solid.
Number "5": oxidizing effect (burning intensification effect).
Number "6": toxicity or risk of infection.
Number "7": radioactivity.
Number "8": corrosivity.
Number "9": danger of spontaneous violent reaction.

If the figure is doubled, this indicates that the danger posed by the cargo is very high. If the code is preceded by the letter X, then the substance being transported is capable of reacting dangerously with water.

However, the exact designation of the danger is given for each UN number in the table "List of dangerous goods" and is deciphered in the 5th chapter of ADR.

In addition to plates, the vehicle must be equipped with a diamond-shaped information board with the symbol/number of the class or subclass of the cargo. However, it is not required if the danger sign placed on transported containers, tank containers and portable containers is clearly visible and distinguishable.

The outer packaging in which the cargo is packed also requires a special designation; it must be marked legibly and permanently:

an information plate indicating the UN number, and for the 1st, 2nd and 7th classes - the shipping name of the substance / product;
corresponding to the class or subclass hazard symbol;
additional marking for substances hazardous to the environment;

for combination packagings with inner packagings containing liquid, for single packagings with vents and for cryogenic receptacles intended for the carriage of refrigerated liquefied gases, arrows indicating the position of the goods and how to properly place them.

What documents should be accompanied by domestic transportation of dangerous goods?

First, the transport document- a bill of lading or waybill, where it is necessary to indicate the following information:

UN identification code (UN number);
shipping name, supplemented if necessary by the technical name;
number of the hazard label, which is given in the 5th column of the table "List of dangerous goods" (if several hazard numbers are indicated, then the ones following the first must be taken in brackets; if a model hazard label is not prescribed, write the number of the class to which the substance belongs / product);
packing group (you can simply use Roman numerals, or you can put the letter “GU” in front of the Roman numerals), if it is not indicated, you do not need to put down anything;
the number and description of packages, additionally you can name the UN shipping container code;
the total quantity of each dangerous goods bearing a separate UN number, the proper shipping name and, if assigned, the packing group;
if so, the tunnel restriction code.

For example: UN 1223, kerosene, 3, III (drums, 10 pieces, 2,000 kg), (D/E).

In addition, additional information may be indicated in the transport document: in accordance with which point the ADR is transported, the value of the control and emergency temperatures, the name or symbol of each radionuclide, etc. The need for additional entries depends on the class and name of the transported cargo and the requirements that presented to him (they are all listed in the text of ADR).

Secondly, the transportation of dangerous goods must be accompanied by written instructions: they are drawn up in case of an emergency and describe all the necessary measures that the driver must take if an accident occurs, etc. In addition to listing these measures, the instructions also provide general reminders on the dangers of each class of dangerous goods and how to protect yourself in each individual case. It also contains a list of personal and general protective equipment in the car.

Thirdly, a permit for the transport of dangerous goods (with an agreed route), a certificate of approval of the vehicle for the carriage of dangerous goods and an ADR certificate on the appropriate training of the driver carrying dangerous goods.

Depending on the type of cargo, you may also need a substance passport (or safety data sheet for chemical products) and certificates - fire, radiation control, etc.

And, of course, the mandatory package of documents includes: a technical passport, a technical coupon and a driver's license. In addition, the cargo itself may also be accompanied by an invoice.

By the way, if the transportation of dangerous goods is mixed and it includes movement by sea, then you will also need a container/vehicle loading certificate. The fact is that rolling along the waves affects the cargo so much that, being initially insufficiently secured and improperly placed, it risks being damaged and harming people, the ship, and the environment ... Therefore, all loading operations must be performed in strict accordance with existing rules and requirements established by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. It is this fact (correct loading and fastening) that confirms this certificate.

However, accurate loading and unloading operations and strict acceptance of cargo for shipment are important regardless of the type of transport used by the cargo.

"Pre-loading" operations

First of all, you need to make sure that the car that arrived for loading is approved for the transport of dangerous goods (and of this particular class and name), has no damage and meets all the necessary requirements. You also need to make sure that the driver can work with dangerous goods (ADR certificate) and has all the required transportation documents.

All this is the responsibility of the shipper. However, the driver must also be vigilant when accepting the cargo: check the quality of the packaging (does it have any damage, are there any signs of corrosion, contamination, etc.?), the presence of markings and danger signs on it, the correctness of filling out the documents and the compliance of the information, contained in them, with the one indicated on the container.

Naturally, the goods must be packed and prepared for transportation in compliance with all the rules. In this case, one should take into account the packing group assigned to a particular substance / product, depending on the degree of hazard presented. There are three packing groups:

packing group I: very dangerous goods;
packing group II: dangerous goods simply;
packing group III: slightly dangerous goods.

Loading and transportation of dangerous goods

Loading of dangerous goods is carried out in accordance with all the necessary requirements for each class and name of the substance / product and described in detail in the text of ADR.

At the same time, regardless of the type of dangerous goods, packages with it should in no case be thrown or subjected to blows, they must be properly secured, and if it is a question of transporting cargo in tanks, then when filling them, the so-called. "underfill" to prevent leakage and deformation of the container as a result of liquid expansion.

The engine of the vehicle during loading and unloading operations must be turned off (except when it is used to start pumps and other mechanisms by which loading / unloading is carried out).

Never smoke or eat near dangerous goods. It is also forbidden to use fuel heaters during loading.

If you plan to carry several different goods in one car, then before loading them, you need to make sure that their joint transportation is allowed. To do this, there is a special "Compatibility table for loading dangerous goods of different classes" (7.5.2.1), and for goods of the 1st class - "Compatibility table for loading dangerous goods of the 1st hazard class belonging to different groups compatibility» (7.5.2.2).

During transportation, the driver is prohibited from:

deviate from the established route: all changes in the route must be additionally agreed;
exceed the speed;
start off sharply and brake sharply: maneuvers should be smooth;
smoking in a vehicle or at a distance of less than 50 meters from the parking place;
overtake vehicles moving at a speed of more than 50 km/h;
transport unauthorized persons: only the one who accompanies the cargo, or the second driver, can be in the cabin;
tow a vehicle;
leave the car unless absolutely necessary, leave it in an unguarded parking lot.

When stopping or parking the vehicle, the driver must use the parking brake, and in case of a slope, use at least two wheel chocks.

In addition, vehicles carrying Class 1, 2, 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 7 dangerous goods cannot refuel at public gas stations. Refueling of the car must be carried out at a distance of at least 25 meters from the territory of the gas station.

The route itself should not pass through recreation areas, nature reserves and other protected areas, large settlements, near medical, educational, entertainment institutions and large industrial facilities. If, nevertheless, it is impossible to drive through a large settlement, then the movement of the vehicle is allowed, but with one condition: the path should not run near medical, educational, preschool, as well as cultural, educational and entertainment institutions.

However, all the nuances of the route were previously established and agreed upon by Rostransnadzor, the main thing, as already noted, is not to deviate from the prescribed.

An escort may also be assigned for the transport of dangerous goods. Typically, such a decision is made if high-risk goods are delivered (Table 1.10.3.1.2 "List of high-risk goods" ADR) or dangerous goods are transported by a convoy of vehicles consisting of five or more vehicles.

The decision - to appoint an escort or not - in each case is taken by Rostransnadzor when agreeing on the route and issuing permission to travel on roads. However, when a convoy of vehicles (five or more) moves, escort is always carried out.

In the event of an accident, the driver must follow the requirements set out in the written instructions issued to him by the shipper. These instructions list all the measures that must be taken in a particular case, describe the actions of the driver and crew, as well as whether he should try to eliminate the threat on his own, before the arrival of the rescue services.

However, one way or another, the driver must:

apply the brake system, turn off the engine, disconnect the battery and operate the main switch, if any;
inform the emergency services, providing them with as much detail as possible about the incident and the dangerous goods being transported;
put on a safety vest and put warning signs on the road;
get transport and accompanying documents from the car in order to save them and transfer them to emergency services;
keep strangers away from the accident site, if the danger is great, move as far as possible yourself.

If a car breaks down on the way and the driver cannot fix the problem on his own within two hours, he must call the transportation support vehicle and report his forced stop to the nearest territorial internal affairs body.

When the shipment has been delivered, the consignee must:

check the integrity of the package, the compliance of the amount of dangerous goods with the declared one, check the data indicated on the container with the information contained in the accompanying documents;
after unloading, clean the car body, container, tank from the remains of the cargo and disinfect them;
after unloading, cleaning and decontamination, remove markings and signs indicating the danger of the cargo from containers / tanks.

Do ADR rules always apply?

No not always. There are a number of exceptions where the carriage of dangerous goods is not subject to the requirements of ADR or is subject to only some of them.

The provisions of ADR do not apply at all.:

if dangerous goods are transported by individuals for their personal consumption or retail sale (provided that all necessary measures have been taken to prevent leakage of the dangerous substance);
when transporting machines or mechanisms containing dangerous goods in their internal or operational equipment;
if the transportation of dangerous goods is carried out by rescue services for the purpose of using them in emergency rescue operations;
for urgent transportation during emergencies carried out in order to save people or protect the environment;
for the carriage of gases contained in the fuel tanks or cylinders of the vehicle and intended to provide traction for the operation of any equipment (for example, refrigeration) used during the carriage;
for the carriage of gases contained in the equipment used for the operation of the vehicle (for example, in fire extinguishers), including spare parts (inflated tires);
for the carriage of gases contained in food products, including carbonated drinks;
for the transportation of gases contained in swords intended for sports;
for the carriage of fuel contained in the fuel tanks of the vehicle and intended to provide propulsion or to operate any equipment of the vehicle used during carriage.

In addition, the procedure for transportation, requirements for packaging, documentation, etc., the application of all the provisions of ADR or only part of them depends on the quantities in which the dangerous goods are transported.

Limited quantities

When dangerous goods are delivered in limited quantities, their transportation does not require obtaining a permit to travel on roads, coordinating the route, drawing up written instructions, special designation of vehicles, appropriate driver training (obtaining an ADR certificate) and allowing the vehicle to transport dangerous goods. The only thing is that it is necessary to have a special mark "Limited Quantities".

Of the documents accompanying the cargo, in addition to the waybill/waybill, only the container/vehicle loading certificate is mandatory. In addition, it is necessary to comply with general safety measures when loading and unloading and driving a car.

To find out how much of the transported cargo is considered limited, you need to check column 7a of the table "List of dangerous goods": there for each substance, article, group of substances the limit value for the inner packaging is indicated. In this case, it should be taken into account: the maximum gross mass of a combined packaging should not exceed 30 kg.

If the number “0” is in column 7a, the concessions do not apply to the transportation of this cargo: regardless of the quantity, its transportation must comply with all the requirements of ADR.

For example: aerosol cans (UN No. 1950) with a net mass of 200 ml (each) packed in cartons with a gross mass of 6 kg are subject to limited quantity exemptions. Since the amount of the substance per inner container (200 ml) does not exceed the limit value of 1 liter, and the gross weight of the container (6 kg) is an allowable number of 30 kg.

Exempt Quantities

Transportation of dangerous goods in exempt quantities does not require accompanying documentation (obtaining a permit, coordinating the route, preparing written instructions), special driver training (ADR certificate), the presence of a vehicle permit for the transport of dangerous goods, marking and danger signs on packaging, designation of vehicles funds. Exception - special sign "Excepted quantities".

The only requirements that must be met are:

the procedure for preparing employees for the flight;
classification procedure and criteria for assigning a packing group;
packaging requirements.

To find out which quantity for a consignment is exempt, you need to pay attention to column 7b of the table "List of dangerous goods": the code indicated there indicates whether a certain substance / article can be transported in exempt quantities and, if so, in which ones.

Thus, if a substance has the code E0, it is not subject to exempted quantity provisions at all. For codes E1-E5, the following values apply.

The values are given: for solids - in grams, for liquids and gases - in milliliters.

Exemptions related to quantities carried in one transport unit

If the amount of hazardous substances/products does not exceed the value specified for the goods of each transport category, then their transportation does not require the placement of information plates and markings (on containers, tank-containers, portable tanks and vehicles), the preparation of written instructions and the admission of the vehicle. vehicles for the transport of dangerous goods.

To find out at what quantity the exemption is valid (and whether it is valid), you need to check column 15 of the table "List of dangerous goods", which indicates which transport category a particular dangerous substance or product belongs to, and then determine its maximum total quantity (section ADR 1.1.3.6.3).

Values are:

for products - gross weight in kilograms;

for solids, liquefied, refrigerated liquefied and dissolved gases - net weight in kilograms;

for liquids, the total amount of dangerous goods contained in liters;

for compressed, adsorbed gases and chemical products under pressure - the nominal water capacity of the vessels in liters.

It should be taken into account that for substances under UN No.:

081 (high explosive type A);
0082 (high explosive type B);
0084 (high explosive type D);
0241 (high explosive type E);
0331 (high explosive type B);
0332 (high explosive type E);
0482 (explosives of very low sensitivity);
1005 (anhydrous ammonia);
1017 (chlorine)

the maximum total quantity per transport unit is 50 kg.

Is it possible to transport hazardous substances and products as part of groupage cargo?

Yes, you can, but not all. In order to find out which cargoes can stand next to each other in the same body/container and whose proximity will not lead to a dangerous situation, it is necessary to consult the “Compatibility Table for Loading Dangerous Goods of Different Classes” (7.5.2.1) and the “Compatibility Table when loading dangerous goods of the 1st hazard class belonging to different compatibility groups” (7.5.2.2).

In addition, groupage transport of dangerous goods may also be subject to exemptions related to quantities carried in one transport unit. The only thing is that it is necessary to accurately calculate the sum of the quantity of all substances and products, which should not exceed 1,000 conventional units.

For example, you need to transport:

ten 40-liter compressed oxygen cylinders (UN No. 1072),
five 40 liter compressed nitrogen bottles (UN No. 1066).

First of all, we look at the compatibility table to see if these substances can “ride” together. Since they all belong to the 2nd class, their joint transportation is not prohibited.

Next, we find out the transport category: the goods belong to the 3rd transport category, the maximum total quantity for them is 1,000, which means that individually each of the listed goods does not contradict the requirements for seizure: 150 kg of liquid oxygen, 400 liters of compressed oxygen and 200 liters compressed nitrogen in cylinders - each of these numbers is less than 1,000.

But this is separately, but together? We add up the quantities of each cargo - and we get a total value of 750 (150 + 400 + 200). And this is also less than 1,000! That is, corresponding concessions apply to this transportation.

However, when transporting goods of different transport categories together, you must always remember one nuance: you cannot simply add up the numbers indicating the quantities in which each cargo is transported.

For cargo:

1st transport category, we multiply the amount of substance / products by 50;
1st transport category under UN Nos. 0081, 0082, 0084, 0241, 0331, 0332, 0482, 1005, 1017 - by 20;
2nd transport category - by 3;
3rd transport category, we leave the amount of substance/products unchanged.

After we add the numbers obtained: the amount calculated in this way should also not exceed the value of 1,000 conventional units.

For example, you need to transport:

one refrigerated liquid oxygen drum (UN No. 1073) with a net weight of 150 kg,
one chlorine drum (UN No. 1017) with a net weight of 50 kg,
one drum containing calcium carbide (UN No. 1402, packing group II) with a net weight of 40 kg.

Again, we check the compatibility table: cooled liquid oxygen and chlorine belong to the 2nd class, calcium carbide - to class 4.3. We look at the intersection of the corresponding column and line - everything is fine, transportation is allowed.

After that, we determine the transport categories of these goods:

cooled liquid oxygen belongs to the 3rd category, which means that we leave its amount unchanged - 150;
chlorine is a substance of the 1st transport category, but it is an exception, and therefore we multiply its amount not by 50, but by 20 and we get 1,000 (50 × 20);
calcium carbide belongs to the 2nd transport category: multiply 40 by 3 - the final number is 120.

We add up: 150 + 1,000 + 120 = 1,270. This means that exemptions do not apply to this transportation.

So, what is required in order to efficiently carry out the transportation of dangerous goods and prevent its harmful effects on people, animals, the environment, buildings, structures, equipment, etc.?

The main thing is to know the shipping name of the substance/article and its UN number. By this number, it is easy to determine the class of cargo, its transport category, packing group, the danger it represents, requirements for packaging, loading / unloading, transportation, vehicle selection and designation, compatibility with other dangerous goods, etc.

In addition, in order to determine whether any exemptions and exemptions apply in a given case or not, it is necessary to know the exact amount of goods offered for transportation (both total and per inner and outer packaging).

The rules for the transport of dangerous goods by road were developed in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 23, 1994 N 372 and determine the basic conditions for the transport of hazardous substances by road, general requirements for ensuring safety during their transportation, regulate the relationship, rights and obligations of participants in the transport of hazardous cargo.

1. General Provisions

1.1. These Rules establish on the territory of the Russian Federation the procedure for the transportation of dangerous goods by road along the streets of cities and towns, public roads, as well as departmental and private roads that are not closed to public use, regardless of the ownership of dangerous goods and vehicles carrying these goods, and are obligatory for all organizations, as well as individual entrepreneurs.
1.2. The Rules do not apply to: - technological movement of dangerous goods by road within the territory of organizations where they are produced, processed, stored, used or destroyed, if such movements are carried out without access to public roads, as well as the streets of cities and towns , departmental roads allowing the movement of public vehicles; - transportation of certain types of dangerous goods by vehicles belonging to the armed forces, state security and internal affairs bodies; - transportation of a limited number of hazardous substances in one vehicle, the transportation of which can be considered as the transportation of non-dangerous goods.

The limited quantity of dangerous goods is defined in the requirements for the safe transport of a particular type of dangerous goods. When determining it, it is possible to use the requirements of the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).

1.3. International transportation of dangerous goods, including export-import and transit transportation of dangerous goods through the territory of the Russian Federation, is carried out in compliance with the rules and regulations established by international conventions and intergovernmental agreements to which the Russian Federation is a party. When carrying out international transport of hazardous wastes, it is recommended to be guided by the requirements of the "Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal" dated March 22, 1989.
1.4. For the purposes of these Rules, dangerous goods include any substances, materials, products, industrial and other wastes that, due to their inherent properties and characteristics, may, during their transportation, pose a threat to human life and health, harm the environment, cause damage to or destruction of property. The list of dangerous goods transported by road is given in Appendix No. 7.4. (not given)
1.5. Dangerous goods according to the requirements of GOST 19433-88 "Dangerous goods. Classification and marking" and ADR are divided into the following classes:

explosive materials (EM);
gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure;
flammable liquids (flammable liquids);
flammable solids (LVS), spontaneously combustible substances (SV); substances that emit flammable gases when interacting with water;
oxidizing agents (OC) and organic peroxides (OP);
poisonous substances (NS) and infectious substances (IV);
radioactive materials (RM);
caustic and (or) corrosive substances (EC);
other dangerous substances.

Dangerous goods of each class, in accordance with their physical and chemical properties, types and degree of danger during transportation, are divided into subclasses, categories and groups in accordance with GOST 19433-88, are given in Appendix 7.1.
1.6. Dangerous goods requiring special precautions during transportation include substances and materials with physical and chemical properties of a high degree of danger according to GOST 19433-88, hereinafter referred to as "especially dangerous goods" (Appendix 7.2). Transportation of "especially dangerous goods" is carried out in accordance with these "Rules" and in compliance with special safety requirements approved in the manner prescribed by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 23, 1994 N 372.

2. Organization of transportation

2.1. Licensing of transportation of dangerous goods Licensing of transportation of dangerous goods is carried out in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation on licensing.
2.2. Permit system for international transportation of dangerous goods
2.2.1. International transportation through the territory of the Russian Federation of dangerous goods of the 1st and 6th hazard classes, other classes named in Appendix N 7.16 of these Rules, as well as dangerous goods, regardless of the hazard class, transported in tanks, removable containers - tanks, batteries of general vessels with a capacity of more than 1000 liters are carried out under special permits issued by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. (clause 2.2.1 as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated 10/14/1999 N 77)
2.2.2. The certificate of admission of the vehicle to the transportation of dangerous goods is issued by the departments of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of registration of the vehicle after the technical inspection of the vehicle.
2.3. Permit system for the transportation of "especially dangerous goods"
2.3.1. When transporting "especially dangerous goods" by road (see clause 1.6 of these Rules), the consignor (consignee) must obtain permission for transportation from the internal affairs authorities at his location.
2.3.2. To obtain a permit for the transportation of "especially dangerous goods", the consignor (consignee) submits an application to the internal affairs bodies at the place of acceptance of the cargo for transportation, indicating in it the name of the dangerous cargo, the number of items and substances, the route of transportation, the persons responsible for the transportation, and (or) persons guarding the cargo along the way. The application shall be accompanied by the following documents: emergency hazard information system card (Appendix 7.5); transportation route developed by a motor transport organization and agreed with the consignor (consignee) (Appendix 7.11); certificate of approval of the vehicle for the carriage of dangerous goods (Appendix 7.13).
2.3.3. A note on the permission to transport "especially dangerous goods" is made on the form of the transportation route (in the upper right corner), indicating the period of validity of the permit. The permit is issued for one or more identical shipments, as well as for a consignment of goods transported along an established route, for a period not exceeding 6 months.
2.3.4. In accordance with the current legislation, permission for the transportation of nuclear materials and radioactive substances is issued by the Gosatomnadzor of Russia.
2.3.5. Transportation of "especially dangerous goods" is allowed with proper protection and must be accompanied by a specially responsible person - a representative of the consignor (consignee), who knows the properties of dangerous goods and knows how to handle them. The need for specialists to accompany other dangerous goods that are not classified as "especially dangerous goods" is determined by the consignor (consignee). Accompanying persons and persons of paramilitary guards are allocated by the consignor (consignee). In cases where, under a contract for the carriage of goods by road, the escort of dangerous goods is assigned to the driver of the car, the latter must be instructed by the consignor (consignee) before sending the goods according to the rules for handling and transporting it.
2.4. Registration of transportations Transportation of dangerous goods by road is carried out on the basis of a contract of carriage concluded in accordance with applicable law.
2.5. Staff training
2.5.1. The heads of motor transport organizations are responsible for the selection of persons to escort dangerous goods and their instruction.
2.5.2. The duties of the person responsible for escorting the cargo during transportation include:
- escorting and ensuring the protection of cargo from the place of departure to the place of destination;
- briefing of security guards and car drivers;
- external examination (checking the correctness of the packaging and labeling of the cargo) and acceptance of dangerous goods at the places of receipt of the cargo;
- monitoring the loading and securing of cargo;
- observance of safety rules during the movement and parking of cars;
- organization of personal security measures for the personnel carrying out the transportation and public security;
- delivery of goods upon arrival at the destination.
2.6. Selection and coordination of the transportation route
2.6.1. The development of the route for the transportation of dangerous goods is carried out by the transport organization that performs this transportation.
2.6.2. The chosen route is subject to obligatory coordination with the departments of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the following cases: when transporting "especially dangerous goods"; when transporting dangerous goods carried out in difficult road conditions (along mountainous terrain, in difficult meteorological conditions (ice, snowfall), in conditions of insufficient visibility (fog, etc.)); when transported by a convoy of more than 3 vehicles traveling from the place of departure to the place of destination.
2.6.3. When developing a transportation route, a motor transport organization should be guided by the following basic requirements: important large industrial facilities should not be located near the transportation route; the transportation route should not pass through recreation areas, architectural, natural reserves and other specially protected areas; on the route of transportation, parking places for vehicles and refueling should be provided.
2.6.4. The transportation route should not pass through large settlements. If it is necessary to transport dangerous goods inside large settlements, traffic routes should not pass near entertainment, cultural, educational, educational, preschool and medical institutions.
2.6.5. To coordinate the route of transportation of dangerous goods, the transport organization is obliged to submit the following documents to the territorial divisions of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at least 10 days before the start of transportation:
- developed route of transportation according to the established form in 3 copies. (Appendix 7.11);
- certificate of approval of the vehicle for the transport of dangerous goods;
- for "especially dangerous goods" in addition - a special instruction for the transportation of dangerous goods, submitted by the consignor (consignee), and a permit for the transportation of goods issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the location of the consignor (consignee).
2.6.6. Transportation routes are coordinated with the divisions of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in the served territory of which there are motor transport organizations carrying out the transportation of dangerous goods or in which vehicles carrying dangerous goods are temporarily registered: when passing the route within the same district, city - with the division of the State traffic inspectorate of the internal affairs of the given district, city; when passing the route within one subject of the Russian Federation - with the units of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, the Department of Internal Affairs of this subject of the Russian Federation; when passing the route along the roads of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation - with the subdivision of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, the Internal Affairs Directorate of the relevant constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
2.6.7. The route of transportation coordinated with the traffic police departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is valid for the period specified in the permit. In cases where such a period is not specified (except for the cases specified in clause 2.6.2), dangerous goods may be transported along the agreed route within 6 months from the date of agreement.
2.6.8. In the event of circumstances requiring a change in the agreed route, the motor transport organization is obliged to agree on a new route developed by it for the transportation of dangerous goods in those divisions of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia where the initial route was coordinated. In this case, the transport organization notifies the relevant units of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia located along the route about the timing of the transportation and all unforeseen changes that have arisen along the route of the dangerous goods.
2.6.9. The first copy of the agreed route of transportation is stored in the GAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the second - in the transport organization, the third - is located during the transportation of goods with the responsible person, and in his absence - with the driver.
2.7. Acceptance of dangerous goods for transportation
2.7.1. Acceptance of dangerous goods for transportation and their delivery to the consignee is carried out by weight, and packed - by the number of packages.
2.7.2. Acceptance of dangerous goods for transportation is carried out by a motor transport organization upon presentation by the consignor of a substance safety data sheet in accordance with GOST R 50587-93. "Safety data sheet of a substance (material). Basic provisions. Information on ensuring safety during production, use, storage, transportation, disposal."
2.7.3. When accepting dangerous goods for transportation, the driver must check for the presence of a special marking on the container, which is carried out in accordance with GOST 19433-88 and ADR. The location of the transport hazard marking on the loading unit is given in Appendix 7.9 (not shown).
2.8. Organization of the hazard information system
2.8.1. The Hazard Information System (HIS) includes the following main elements: Vehicle Identification Information Tables (Annex 7.4) (not shown); an emergency card to determine measures to eliminate accidents or incidents and their consequences (Appendix 7.5);
information card for decoding the code of emergency measures indicated on the information table (Appendix 7.6); special coloring and inscriptions on vehicles.
2.8.2. The organization of the CIO in accordance with the requirements of these Rules is assigned to motor transport organizations that carry out the transportation of dangerous goods, and consignors (consignees). Practical measures to ensure the SIS are carried out by motor transport organizations together with consignors (consignees). Information tables of the SIS are produced by organizations - manufacturers of dangerous goods and are submitted to motor transport organizations for installation in front and behind the vehicle on special devices (clause 4.1.11). Information tables for the designation of vehicles must be made according to the dimensions indicated in the figure - Appendix 7.4 of these Rules, and in compliance with the following requirements: the general background of the table is white; background graph "KEM" and "UN N" orange; the frame of the table, the division lines of the graph, numbers and letters of the text are made in black; the name of the column (KEM, UN N) and the inscription in the hazard label "Corrosive" are made in white; the frame of the danger sign is applied with a black line with a thickness of at least 5 mm at a distance of 5 mm from the edges of the sign; the thickness of the letters in the columns "KEM" and "UN N" is 15 mm, and on the danger sign is not less than 3 mm; the frame and dividing lines of the table are applied with a thickness of 15 mm; writing an alphanumeric emergency code is done in any order of letters and numbers. The emergency card of the hazard information system is filled in by the organization - the manufacturer of dangerous goods in a single form (Appendix 7.5) and is attached in addition to the waybill. The emergency card must be kept by the driver of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods. In the case of escort of dangerous goods by a responsible person - a representative of the consignor (consignee) (see clause 2.3.5) - the emergency card must be with him. The information card of the SIO (Appendix 7.6) is made of thick paper measuring 130 mm by 60 mm. On the front side of the card there is a decoding of information tables, and on the reverse side there are examples of danger signs in accordance with GOST 19433-88 (not shown). The numbers indicate the code of emergency measures (EEC) in case of fire and leakage, as well as information on the consequences of substances entering the wastewater. The letters indicate the code of emergency measures (KEM) for the protection of people. The choice of letters is made according to the initial letters of the most characteristic words of the code used: D - a BREATHING apparatus and protective gloves are required; P - breathing apparatus and protective gloves are required, only in case of FIRE; K - a complete protective set of clothing and breathing apparatus is required; E - EVACUATION of people is necessary.
2.8.3. In the event of an incident during the transportation of dangerous goods, measures to eliminate the incident and its consequences are carried out in accordance with the instructions given in the emergency card, or the code of emergency measures according to the SIS information table.
2.8.4. Full identification of the transported dangerous goods is carried out according to the numbering according to the UN list, available in the information table and emergency card of the hazard information system, as well as in the application (one-time order) for the transportation of this cargo.
2.8.5. Bodies of vehicles, tank trucks, trailers and semi-trailers - tanks, permanently engaged in the transportation of dangerous goods, must be painted in the identification colors established for these goods and have the appropriate inscriptions: when transporting methanol, the vehicle (tank) is painted orange with a black stripe and orange inscription on the side "Methanol - poison!"; when transporting ammonia - any color of the vehicle and the signature "Ammonia water. Flammable"; when transporting substances that emit flammable gases when interacting with water, the vehicle is painted blue and the inscription "Flammable" is applied; when transporting spontaneously combustible substances, the lower part of the vehicle (tank) is painted red, the upper part is white and the black inscription "Flammable" is applied; when transporting flammable substances, the vehicle (tank) is painted orange and the inscription "Flammable" is applied; when transporting substances that support combustion, the vehicle (tank) is painted yellow and a double inscription "Flammable" is applied; "Corrosive substance" when transporting caustic substances, the vehicle (tank) is painted yellow with a black stripe along the side, on which the inscription "Corrosive substance" is applied in yellow.
2.8.6. The height of letters and inscriptions applied to vehicles carrying dangerous goods must be at least 150 mm, black, except as specified in paragraph 2.8.5.
2.9. Carrying out loading and unloading operations
2.9.1. Control over the loading and unloading operations of dangerous goods on vehicles is carried out by a responsible person - a representative of the consignor (consignee) accompanying the cargo.
2.9.2. Loading of the vehicle is allowed until its full load capacity is used. When transporting "especially dangerous goods", the vehicle is loaded in the amount and in the manner specified in special instructions developed by manufacturers.
2.9.3. Loading, unloading and fastening of dangerous goods on the vehicle is carried out by the forces and means of the consignor (consignee) in compliance with all precautions, avoiding shocks, shocks, excessive pressure on the container using mechanisms and tools that do not give sparks during operation.
2.9.4. Loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods are carried out with the vehicle engine turned off, and the driver must be outside the established loading and unloading area, if it is specified in the shipper's instructions, with the exception of cases when the activation of the lifting or draining mechanisms installed on the vehicle is provided with the engine running.
2.9.5. Loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods must be carried out at specially equipped posts. In this case, loading and unloading of no more than one vehicle can be carried out.
2.9.6. The presence of unauthorized persons at the posts designated for loading and unloading dangerous goods is not allowed.
2.9.7. It is prohibited to carry out loading and unloading operations with explosive and flammable goods during a thunderstorm.
2.9.8. Loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods, carried out manually, must be carried out in compliance with all personal safety measures of the personnel involved in these works.
2.9.9. The use of load-handling devices for loading and unloading mechanisms that create a risk of damage to the container and arbitrary fall of the load is not allowed.
2.9.10. The movement of drums with dangerous goods in the process of loading and unloading operations and the performance of warehouse work can only be carried out on specially arranged linings, ladders and floorings.
2.9.11. Bottles with dangerous goods, packed in accordance with GOST 26319-84 "Dangerous goods supplied for export. Packaging" in boxes, baskets, drums or crates, provided that the gaps are filled with an inert cushioning material, when performing loading and unloading operations, must be moved on special carts . In the case of packing bottles in baskets, carrying them by the handles is allowed only after a preliminary check of the strength of the handles and the bottom of the basket. Do not carry bottles on your back, shoulder or in front of you.
2.9.12. Places (posts) for loading, unloading and reloading dangerous goods, as well as parking lots are selected so that they are no closer than 125 meters from residential and industrial buildings, cargo warehouses and no closer than 50 meters from main roads.
2.9.13. In case of ice, the territory of the loading and unloading posts of dangerous goods should be sprinkled with sand.
2.9.14. Refueling of vehicles loaded with combustible or explosive goods at a public gas station or a PA filling station is carried out at a specially equipped site located at a distance of at least 25 m from the territory of the gas station, with oil products received at the gas station in metal canisters (clause 12.19 of the "Rules for the technical operation of stationary and mobile filling stations", approved by the RSFSR Goskomnefteprodukt on April 15, 1981).
2.10. Vehicle traffic
2.10.1. The speed limit for the movement of vehicles when transporting dangerous goods is set by the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, taking into account specific road conditions when agreeing on the route of transportation. If coordination of the route with the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is not required, then the speed is set in accordance with the Rules of the Road and should ensure traffic safety and safety of the cargo. If a speed limit is established, a sign indicating the permissible speed must be installed on the vehicle in accordance with the Rules of the Road.
2.10.2. When transporting dangerous goods in a convoy of vehicles, the following requirements must be observed: when driving on a flat road, the distance between adjacent vehicles must be at least 50 m; in mountainous conditions - during ascents and descents - at least 300 m; when visibility is less than 300 m (fog, rain, snowfall, etc.), the transport of certain dangerous goods may be prohibited. This must be stated in the safety conditions for the transport of dangerous goods. The person responsible for the transportation from among the representatives of the consignor - consignee (senior in the column) must be in the cab of the first car, and in the last car with the load there must be one of the representatives (divisions) of the guard allocated by the consignor - consignee, if security is provided for this transportation.
2.10.3. When transporting "especially dangerous goods" parking for rest of drivers in populated areas is prohibited. Parking is allowed in specially designated areas located no closer than 200 meters from residential buildings and crowded places. When stopping or parking the vehicle, the parking brake must be turned on, and a wheel chock is additionally installed on the slope. The order of stops and parking (including in the case of an overnight stay) of vehicles carrying dangerous goods is indicated in the conditions of safe transportation.
2.10.4. The driving range of vehicles carrying dangerous goods, without refueling en route, must be at least 500 km. In the case of transportation of dangerous goods over a distance of 500 km or more, the car must be equipped with a spare fuel tank and refueled from a mobile gas station (gas station), the installation of an additional fuel tank must be coordinated with the traffic police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of registration of the vehicle, which is noted in the registration document. Refueling is carried out in places designated for parking.
2.10.5. Transportation of "especially dangerous goods" is carried out with an escort vehicle equipped with an orange and yellow flashing beacon. If necessary, such vehicles can be accompanied by a patrol car of the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The allocation of an escort car is mandatory for the transportation of "especially dangerous goods" carried out by a convoy of vehicles. Specifically, in each case, the need for allocation and type of escort for the transportation of "especially dangerous goods" are determined by the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia when agreeing on the route.
2.10.6. The escort vehicle must move ahead of the convoy of vehicles with dangerous goods. At the same time, in relation to the vehicle moving behind it, the escort vehicle must move in a ledge on the left side so that its width dimension protrudes beyond the dimension of the escorted vehicles.
2.10.7. The escort vehicle is equipped with a flashing yellow beacon, the inclusion of which is an additional means of information to warn other road users, but does not give the right of priority. On escort vehicles and vehicles transporting dangerous goods, even in the daytime, dipped beam headlights must be switched on.
2.10.8. The order of movement of escort vehicles and ways of informing other road users about the carriage of dangerous goods are indicated by the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the section "Special traffic conditions" of the route approval form (Appendix 7.12).
2.10.9. When transporting "especially dangerous goods" in a convoy consisting of 5 or more vehicles, it must have a reserve empty vehicle adapted for the transportation of this type of cargo. The reserve vehicle must follow at the end of the convoy.
2.10.10. The procedure for escorting a convoy by patrol cars of the GAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia when passing the transportation route through the territory of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation is determined by the body of the GAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, with which the route of movement has been agreed.
2.11. Joint transportation of dangerous goods of various classes and dangerous goods with general cargo
2.11.1. The combined transport of different classes of dangerous goods on the same vehicle (in the same container) is permitted only within the limits of the permissible compatibility rules (given in the table of Appendix 7.14).
2.11.2. Joint transportation of dangerous goods with general cargo on one vehicle (in one container) is carried out in accordance with the requirements set forth in Appendix 7.14.
2.12. Transportation, cleaning and repair of empty containers
2.12.1. Transportation of empty containers not cleaned after transportation of dangerous goods is carried out in the same manner as the transportation of this dangerous goods, in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.
2.12.2. In the bill of lading for the transportation of empty containers, a mark is made in red, which dangerous goods were previously in the transported container.
2.12.3. Cleaning of empty containers is carried out by the forces and means of the consignor (consignee) in compliance with safety measures and personal protection.
2.12.4. The transportation of the container after its complete cleaning is carried out on a general basis, as a non-dangerous cargo, while the consignor (consignee) makes a red mark in the consignment note "Container cleared".
2.12.5. Works on repair of tanks and containers used for the transportation of dangerous goods are carried out only after the analysis of the air environment for the content of previously transported substances (cargoes).
2.13. Elimination of the consequences of accidents or incidents
2.13.1. Organizations - consignors (consignees) develop emergency action plans with delivery to the driver (accompanying) for each transportation, allocate emergency teams for practical work to eliminate the consequences of accidents or incidents and organize appropriate training with them.
2.13.2. The emergency action plan to eliminate the consequences of accidents or incidents establishes the procedure for notification, arrival, actions of the emergency team and other service personnel, a list of the necessary property and tools and the technology for their use in the process of eliminating the consequences of accidents and incidents.
2.13.3. If it is necessary to carry out repair work to eliminate malfunctions of containers with dangerous goods, they are carried out by an emergency team at a site (room) specially designated for this purpose, the location of which is determined in the plan of measures to eliminate the consequences of accidents or incidents.

Troubleshooting containers with dangerous goods on the territory of a motor transport organization or a cargo station is not allowed.

2.13.4. In the event of a traffic accident, the person responsible for the transportation of dangerous goods directs the actions of the driver and security guards (if any), informs the traffic police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and, if necessary, calls an emergency team.
2.13.5. The emergency team that arrived at the scene of an accident or incident, during the liquidation of its consequences, must take all the precautions and personal protection listed in the CIO emergency card (Appendix 7.5).
2.13.6. The actions of the emergency team at the scene of an accident or incident include: detection and removal of damaged containers or spilled dangerous goods; providing first aid to victims; ensuring, if necessary, the evacuation of drivers and personnel serving this transportation; decontamination, disinfection; disposal of overalls and personal protective equipment; notification of the consignor and consignee of the accidents or incidents that have occurred.

3. The relationship of motor transport organizations with the clientele

3.1. Obligations of the consignor and consignee
3.1.1. The consignor of dangerous goods, if there is an agreement, submits an application for transportation to the transport organization, and in the absence of an agreement, a one-time order for transportation.
3.1.2. When accepting an application by a motor transport organization, the consignor must submit a bill of lading (4 copies) and an emergency hazard information system card (Appendix 7.5), which is filled in according to the manufacturer of hazardous substances.

1 copy the bill of lading remains with the consignor. 2 copies - transferred to the consignee. 3 copies - rented to a transport organization.

For "especially dangerous goods", a special instruction is additionally provided, developed by the manufacturer.
3.1.3. When preparing dangerous goods for transportation, the consignor is obliged to: check the integrity and serviceability of the container (packaging), the presence of markings and seals, as well as the compliance of the equipment and technical equipment of the loading and unloading area with the requirements of these Rules.
3.1.4. For each vehicle (column of vehicles), the consignor is obliged to submit a safety data sheet of the substance (material) in accordance with GOST R 50587-93.
3.1.5. When performing loading (unloading) operations by means of the consignor (consignee), it is necessary to comply with the safety instructions approved in the established manner and these Rules.
3.1.6. If it is necessary to transport various classes of dangerous goods together with general-purpose goods, their loading and securing in the car body must be carried out taking into account the requirements of clause 2.7 of these Rules (Appendix 7.14).
3.1.7. After the unloading of dangerous goods is completed, the consignee must clean the car body (container) from the remains of this cargo and, if necessary, degas, decontaminate or disinfect the vehicle (container).
3.2. Responsibilities of transport organizations
3.2.1. Drivers and other employees of motor transport organizations directly involved in the design, preparation and maintenance of the transportation of dangerous goods must comply with the requirements of these Rules.
3.2.2. When transporting dangerous goods, the motor transport organization is obliged to carry out additional equipment and equipping of vehicles in accordance with the requirements of these Rules, as well as organize special training or instruction for service personnel involved in work with dangerous goods, and provide them with personal protective equipment. Drivers of vehicles, in addition, are provided with information cards of the CIO in accordance with clause 2.8.2 of these Rules.
3.2.3. In the event of an accident or incident during transportation, the primary elimination of their consequences before the arrival of the emergency team and special services is carried out by the driver and the accompanying responsible person in accordance with the requirements of special training or briefing conducted by the consignor (consignee).

4. Technical support of transportation

General provisions
4.1. Vehicle Requirements
4.1.1. Dangerous goods must be transported only by special and (or) vehicles specially adapted for this purpose, which must be manufactured in accordance with the current regulatory documents (technical assignment, technical conditions for manufacturing, testing and acceptance) for complete special vehicles and technical documentation for the re-equipment (re-equipment) of vehicles used in the national economy. At the same time, the mentioned documents must take into account the following requirements for vehicles for the transport of dangerous goods.
4.1.2. Vehicles systematically used for the transport of explosive and flammable substances must be equipped with a muffler exhaust pipe with its removal to the side in front of the radiator with an inclination. If the location of the engine does not allow such conversion, then it is permissible to bring the exhaust pipe to the right side

Keywords: dangerous goods, transportation of dangerous goods, especially dangerous goods, dangerous goods classification, dangerous goods transport regulations, transportation of dangerous goods by road, shipping documents

Dangerous cargo in road transport is, first of all, flammable, poisonous or even radioactive baggage in a car, transported for a specific purpose and in certain quantities. The carriage of dangerous goods is regulated by law. The main of these laws is called " European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road" (ADR). Drivers most often become interested in the rules for the transportation of such dangerous goods when it is necessary to transport gasoline or diesel fuel (diesel fuel) in the trunk.

So, ADR regulate the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, and also have an exhaustive list of substances that can be classified as dangerous. This list includes, among other things, gasoline, kerosene and almost all other flammable substances.

At the same time, ADR allows the transportation of these hazardous substances to private individuals for personal use and for resale, but with a limited quantity and only in a certain container.

The provisions of ADR do not apply:

to the carriage of dangerous goods by private persons when these goods are packaged for retail sale and intended for their personal consumption, domestic use, leisure or sport, provided that steps are taken to prevent any leakage of the contents under normal conditions of carriage. When such goods are flammable liquids carried in refillable receptacles filled by or for a private person, the total quantity shall not exceed 60 liters per vessel and 240 liters per transport unit.

That is, dangerous goods in the form of the same gasoline or diesel fuel, for example, we can transport in a volume of no more than 240 liters in total (this is a little more than one barrel) and bottled in vessels of no more than 60 liters each.

There are also requirements for vessels - they must not allow liquid to leak out, therefore plastic cans are not suitable here. Gas stations, however, sell canisters made of special plastic that is not corroded by fuel.

What is the penalty for transporting dangerous goods?

For violation of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, we will face a fine under Article 12.21.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses in the amount of 2 to 2.5 thousand rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 months to six months if we are private individuals, and even more if we are officials or legal .

12.21.2 Administrative Code:

1. Transportation of dangerous goods by a driver who does not have a certificate of training for drivers of vehicles carrying dangerous goods, a certificate of approval of the vehicle for the transport of dangerous goods, a special permit or an emergency card of the hazard information system provided for by the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, as well as the transport of dangerous goods cargo on a vehicle that is not designed to meet the requirements of the Dangerous Goods Regulations or lacks elements of a hazard information system or equipment or means used to deal with the consequences of an accident involving the transport of dangerous goods, or non-compliance with the conditions for the carriage of dangerous goods, provided for by these rules, entails the imposition of an administrative a fine on the driver in the amount of two thousand to two thousand five hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of four to six months; for officials responsible for transportation - from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; for legal entities - from four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand roubles.

What substances are classified as dangerous goods?

Let's list the most common of them, which most often need to be transported! All substances have their own specific hazard class. First, we give a list of such classes, and then common substances and the hazard class assigned to them.

Class 1 - Explosive substances and articles
Class 2 - Gases
Class 3 - Flammable Substances
Class 4.1 - Flammable solids, self-reactive and solid explosives
Class 4.2 - Substances capable of spontaneous combustion
Class 4.3 - Substances which emit flammable gases when exposed to water
Class 5.1 - Oxidizing substances
Class 5.2 - Organic peroxides
Class 6.1 - Toxic substances
Class 6.2 - Infectious substances
Class 7 - Radioactive substances
Class 8 - Corrosive substances
Class 9 - Other dangerous substances and articles

Hazardous Substances

Substance or article	Class danger
ammo for weapons (including blanks) and ammunition	1
Gunpowder and detonators	1
bombs	1
Illumination rockets	1
firecrackers, sound and light distress signals	1
ammonium nitrate	1
Acetylene	2
Compressed air (including liquid)	2
Ammonia	2
Argon	2
Butane	2
Carbon dioxide	2
Chlorine	2
Cyanogen	2
Cyclopropane	2
Ether	2
Ethane	2
Fire extinguishers with compressed or liquefied gas	2
Helium	2
Hydrogen	2
hydrogen sulfide	2
methylamine	2
Lighters or lighter refills	2
Nitrogen compressed	2
Oxygen compressed or liquid	2
Propylene	2
Refrigerant gas	2
Acetone	3
Benzene	3
Camphor oil	3
Almost any adhesive	3
Aromatic liquid extracts	3
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)	3
ethyl acetate	3
Fusel oil	3
Diesel fuel	3
Heating oil	3
gas oil	3
Petrol	3
Gasoline	3
Petrol	3
Nitroglycerin and its solutions	3
Hexane	3
Ink	3
Kerosene	3
methanol	3
Nitromethane	3
Paints (including enamels, dyes, varnish, varnish, solvent)	3
Perfumes containing flammable substances	3
Oil	3
coniferous oil	3
Resin oil	3
Medical tincture	3
Turpentine	3
Liquid antiseptics for wood	3
powdered aluminum	4.1
Matches	4.1
Naphthalene	4.1
Rubber	4.1
Activated carbon	4.2
alkaloids	6.1
Mercury and its acetates and many other derivatives	6.1
Any alkalis	8
Perchloric acid	8
Sulphuric acid	8
Acetic acid	8
Phosphoric acid	8
sulfurous acid	8
Aviation fuel	3
Pesticides	5.2

A complete list of hazardous substances for transportation can be found at

dangerous goods according to the classification of GOST 19433 - 88 includes explosive materials, gases in various states, solid and self-igniting combustible substances, oxidizing agents and peroxides. If the container volume of transported dangerous substances is more than 1000 liters, it is necessary to have a special permit and a traffic police certificate, a route form with a permit mark, an indication of the validity period and the number of batches. The cargo is accompanied by a representative who knows its properties and has the appropriate training.

Route for the transportation of dangerous goods should not pass near large industrial enterprises, cultural facilities and recreation areas, educational and medical institutions, large settlements. Vehicles constantly transporting dangerous goods are provided with appropriate signs, inscriptions and special coloring.

Containers with compressed gases are fixed in cars on special racks trimmed with felt. Safety valves are provided on the cylinders. In summer, additional sun protection is required. Gasoline and other fuels and lubricants are transported exclusively in hermetically sealed metal containers, or in special trailers.

In warehouses, cylinders with gases, combustible and flammable substances are transported in or out of vehicles by two-wheeled carts or stretchers. Lifting of containers is allowed in containers. When placing barrels with and GJ, be careful, avoiding shocks and shocks, installing them strictly vertically with lids placed at the top. When transporting GZH in glass and ceramic containers, special stretchers equipped with sides or trolleys are used.

When transporting flammable and combustible liquids, equipment is equipped with spark arresters and fire extinguishers. Cylinders with liquefied gases are moved without touching the valve with hands and cloth stained with fats and oils. Unloading is done without falling cylinders and caps, eliminating the possibility of impacts.

Loading and unloading operations are carried out, excluding shocks, shocks, high pressure, without the use of sparking equipment, on the vehicle, the engine of which is turned off, in the absence of the driver and unauthorized persons. Mechanisms for load gripping should not damage the container, allow the load to fall. Containers with dangerous goods are moved along the decks and ladders. The bottles are placed in drums, crates, boxes filled with a special areactive material, they are moved in trolleys or baskets with reinforced handles.

The movement of the vehicle must ensure safe conditions of transportation, so drivers observe the appropriate speed, distance, stopping movement under dangerous meteorological conditions. In some cases, a convoy of vehicles carrying dangerous goods is followed by traffic police cars or escorts. If the column consists of more than 5 vehicles, the presence of an empty reserve vehicle is mandatory.

Barrels with explosives are transported in a horizontal position, orienting them longitudinally in the vehicle, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19747 - 74. In winter, liquid nitroesters are transported on vehicles with insulated bodies. Boxes with gunpowder and shells are placed with a distance of 0.5 m between them and tightly reinforced. Can't be taken Chemical compounds or mixtures thereof capable of producing an explosion under the influence of external influences.

">explosives at a distance of less than 0.3 km from Uncontrolled burning outside a special hearth, causing material damage.

">fire or 80 m from oil "torches". When transporting a vehicle with dangerous goods on a ferry, there should not be other vehicles.

Transportation by pipelines

Transportation through pipelines made of glass, plastic and ceramics is allowed if there is a theoretical and practical justification. Pipelines are equipped with gas-tight valves and diaphragms made of fireproof materials (their location is indicated on the wiring diagram). During the transportation of freezing combustible liquids, additional heating of the system is carried out, thermal insulation is checked. In places of possible stagnation of liquids and gases, gas analyzers are installed to determine the critical level of their concentration.

For transportation by squeezing, flammable and combustible liquids with temperatures above 20 C are used inert gas or compressed air (if it exceeds 45 C). Vegetable oils and animal fats are transported in a similar way if they are heated to 70°C or less. When pumping liquids of these classes with pumps, they ensure the constant operation of supply and exhaust ventilation systems. Control of the composition of the air environment allows real-time monitoring of the concentration of gases and flammable liquids.

Acetylene pipelines are mounted with an optimal section according to the regulations, the gas flow rate must comply with the standards in order to avoid detonation. If it is necessary to use more acetylene, additional branches are installed, without increasing the load on the existing ones. Installed on acetylene pipelines flame arresters and protective bursting discs, they are regularly cleaned of deposits, the condition of thermal insulation is monitored and immediately cleaned of flammable liquids.

Combustible solids are transported by pneumatic and gravity pipes, conveyors, aspiration lines equipped with automatic dampers, bucket elevators and other pneumatic transport devices. In the event of a fire in them, the aspiration and ventilation systems are immediately turned off. To prevent fire and accidents, a system of automatic blocking of electric motors is installed when the air supply stops, in order to avoid the accumulation and ignition of dust. Belt skidding is unacceptable, the conveyor is immediately stopped.

Rail transportation

Drain and fill systems and ways of transporting flammable liquids must be grounded, they provide for the possibility of draining liquids. All sites are provided with a flat, hard surface. The locations of loading and unloading devices should not be in the path of movement of heat and electric locomotives. All sorting operations with tanks are carried out outside these points.

When supplying to the place of discharge - loading of tanks by steam locomotives, a cover of one four-axle or two two-axle wagons (platforms) is provided. Drivers are forbidden to open the firebox and force it, use various types of open fire and siphon. If transportation is carried out by diesel locomotives, cover is not needed.

Tankers move smoothly, braking is carried out with wooden linings or materials that do not spark. All metal products for shearing and rolling are not used. During the unloading and loading on the overpass, shunting actions are not carried out, other tanks are not fed to its free path. Before draining - filling, check the serviceability of all devices, grounding systems, valves, valves, tightness of hoses and pipes, tanks. Forbidden use metal hoses and equipment when draining and pouring liquids with a vapor flash point of 45 ° C or less.

Filling is carried out with the tip lowered to the bottom of the tank. If a malfunction of the lower drain device is established, pumping is carried out through the upper one, by pumping out. When pouring, liquid level limiters are used. During a thunderstorm, loading and unloading operations are not performed. On the loading and unloading equipment, install primary funds or stationary systems firefighting.

Fulfillment of all the above conditions is mandatory throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, with the exception of technical approvals at industrial facilities with appropriate approval.