Add to favorites

A) management of federal property. B) granting pardon

How to properly prepare for social studies:

Constant practice is required.
- Special attention pay attention to the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2019. The demo version from FIPI will help you understand the structure of the ticket and understand the requirements. will guide you on what topics you need to study.
- Prepared for the solution 10 training options with answers. They are developed by teachers based on demo version.
- The more tests are solved, the higher the preparedness will be, as the memorization mechanism is triggered. Don't be lazy to work on your mistakes. Decide online tests every week until you make mistakes. Registered users on the site can track statistics of solved tests.
Manage your time correctly to solve practice tests to get maximum quantity points.
- Tasks 1-3 and 10 are solved in 1-4 minutes;
- Tasks 4-9 and 11-28 are given from 2 to 8 minutes;
- Tasks 29 - 45 minutes.
Working with text

Converting points to grades

0-41 points - “unsatisfactory”;
42-54 points - “C”;
55-66 points – “good”;
67 points and above - “excellent”.

The minimum is 42, and the maximum is 100.

The Unified State Exam test in social studies consists of:

Part 1– of 20 problems, with a short answer in the form of a word, several words or numbers. Half of the tasks relate to basic level, the other part to increased. The first part is worth 35 primary points.
Part 2– of 9 problems, with a detailed answer. Tasks 21 and 22 are basic, and from 23 to 29 are of increased complexity and are worth 30 points. Look with a detailed answer in social studies.

Remember!

In 2019, the social studies exam will take 235 minutes (3 hours 55 minutes).
It is forbidden to take with you foreign objects (cheat sheets, smartphones, headphones, smart watches, etc.).
On the last day before the exam, review the material covered and review the solved options again.

We analyze tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Exam in social studies

Test tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Examination in social studies tests knowledge different topics. It was due to the expansion of such tasks that the Unified State Exam test in 2016. These tasks can test any sphere of social life and consist of several answers. The exact number of correct answers is not fixed. And this circumstance is another difficulty of these tasks.

Let's talk about the technology for completing tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 of the Unified State Exam in social studies. Each task is assessed with two primary points, which is not small. If you make 1 mistake, then 1 initial point is given. If you make more than 1 mistake, no points will be given.So, let’s look at a few of these tasks and give valuable recommendations.

This task refers us to, or rather to the types of culture that can be observed via the link. In this task you need to choose signs of popular culture.

Of course it will be here The correct answer is number 1: “The media presented the television series as a successful commercial project”

Since works of mass culture, as you well know, sell well... at least better than works of other types of culture. Well, where do you go more often, what do you pay for: for a movie in a cinema, or a concert of musical folk instruments? I think the answer is obvious!

Therefore, marking the answer number 2 is not an option!

Option 3 is also incorrect, since self-expression is the main goal in an elite culture. But answer 4 to this Unified State Exam assignment in social studies will be correct: the television series is designed for average consumer taste. After all, the taste of the average person, for whom mass culture is designed, is not very refined. What do the people need? Panem et circenses - bread and circuses! That is why Channel One constantly plays all sorts of shows - this is the social demand of the population!

The fifth option is focused on elite culture, not mass culture. If it is still not clear why, I recommend purchasing mine video course “Social studies: Unified State Exam for 100 points” , in which I explain everything clearly and hand-in-hand.

And the last correct option: number 6 “Understanding a television series does not require special preparation”. In fact, the everyday life of a city hospital can be understood without special preparation: we sometimes go there ourselves! 🙂 These everyday life in the television series are also extremely embellished... I wrote about the real everyday life of a city hospital)

Therefore, the correct options would be: 1,4,6

From the analysis of this task Unified State Exam in Social Studies it flows out my first recommendation: you need to know well the signs of certain phenomena, from different areas life of society!

Let's analyze one more task from options 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Exam in social studies:

This task is a little more difficult than the previous one. What's the difficulty? In understanding the task: you need to select the characteristics of the state as a central political institution. That is: how does the state differ from other institutions!

Having correctly understood the meaning of the task, we will choose the correct answers:

1 - has the highest concentration of power;

2 - establishes generally binding norms; (that is, makes laws)

5 - regulates the activities of citizens in a certain territory.

Other options may be typical for others social institutions, but we need to choose the characteristics that distinguish the state!

This is a kind of secret, and I am freely revealing it here... If you want to get acquainted with the topic in more detail, read my post, and about the article

From this assignment Unified State Exam in Social Studies This leads to my second recommendation: read the question carefully and understand what you are being asked about!

Let's look at the third difficult task of type 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Exam in social studies:

The task tests the topic of consciousness and activity. Requires you to choose the means of entering the university, that is, the means of activity. I have never openly discussed the topic of consciousness and activity. An analysis of the topic can be viewed in my video course on preparation for Unified State Exam in Social Studies .

But we will automatically determine the correct answers in this task:

2 — classes in an art studio;

3 - study of mathematics;

5 — experience in creating your own works.

All these funds will help Ivan enter the university for his chosen specialty, and since it has been chosen, answer number 6 will be incorrect, like the rest.

In future articles we will continue to analyze difficult tasks. Moreover, I will make short video tutorials for Part B, so don’t miss it either!

Also, don’t forget to solve this task yourself Unified State Exam in Social Studies:

Answers can and should be written in the comments!

Suicide, suicide (from Latin sui caedere - to kill oneself) is the deliberate taking of one’s life, independent and voluntary.

In fact, we are forced to consider suicide and all its manifestations, both from the point of view of atheists and from the point of view of people who believe in God.

All suicides are divided into two main groups:
1.True. – parasuicide
With true cases of suicide, everything is clear. true suicide is, as a rule, a well-planned event, the goal of which is to take one’s own life at any cost, regardless of the opinions and reactions of relatives, friends, etc. A person calmly decides to commit suicide and commits it for one reason or another . This may be a feeling of guilt for involvement in someone’s death, involvement in theft; it was customary for captains of merchant ships to remain on the bridge of a sinking ship, because in the event of his death, the family would not have to compensate the costs to the shipowner. There are cases of suicide on a dare and much more.

2. Demonstrative. – pseudosuicide.

Pseudo-suicide is considered demonstrative because it is not so much an attempt to commit suicide as a kind of protest, as if a cry for help, despair and a desire for other people to pay attention to this despair. (And let everyone know that I can do this and everyone will be ashamed)

This happens more to the youngest people. There can be a great many reasons for such demonstrative suicides.

; It could be a total grievance the world around us for the fact that the young man cannot achieve the goals he has set for himself. For example, in the army there were quite frequent cases of suicide due to the fact that girls refused to wait for a soldier to return from service and married other men. Unable to survive such betrayal, some soldiers, having access to weapons, committed suicide. It is clear that life does not end with this betrayal and you need to build your life further, but at the moment of passion, the suicide does not think so. He is experiencing severe emotional shock. The thought that now the whole life will consist of such emotional experiences pushes a person to a rash act. Not everyone can force themselves to think at such a moment.

; A person may feel despair because he is unable to assert himself in society, and everyone around him humiliates him. Daily experiences can lead him to a state of passion (strong emotional experience) due to which he decides to commit suicide. To save yourself from shame and prove others wrong.

Both atheists and believers agree that good attitude people to each other, people's love protects them from such a phenomenon as suicide. When a person knows that no matter what happens, he will return home. To a place where he is loved and expected, and where he will be at peace. There he will rest from problems and prepare for a new difficult day.
There are cases when people wait for such a return home for years. If they are somewhere very far away. The memory of that love of your loved ones helps you survive anything. Therefore, you need to love each other and appreciate what you have.

The suicide statistics are very alarming. All over the world is dying huge amount people who decided to die.

Among them, the vast majority are young people.

As age increases, the number of suicides decreases. And only a small surge in suicides occurs among older people.

According to WHO, every 40 seconds someone on Earth dies deliberately, committing suicide.

Among people aged 15 to 29, death from suicide is the second most common cause of death. In first place is death from all external factors. Accidents, transport disasters, death at work....

Statistics also show that of all the people who commit suicide, 80% of all cases occur in men, and 20% in women. However, women are 4 times more likely than men to attempt suicide.
That is, the same thing happens when women and men attempt suicide. Only men die 4 times more often.

Every year, about one million people in the world die due to suicide, from 10 to 20 million make attempts.”

“Russia has the highest suicide rate among teenagers in Europe. Every year, 1,500 children commit suicide and another 4,000 attempt suicide. According to UNICEF, 45% of Russian girls and 27% of Russian boys have seriously considered suicide at least once in their lives.” Pavel Astakhov,

The Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights says:
The state keeps it secret exact quantity suicides. Some are recorded as accidents. If we don't address the roots of this problem, we will lose an entire generation.

Unlike adults, children are not yet able to actively fight depression. Any influence from strangers that could cause heartache a child, may cause him to think about suicide. That is why you need to be especially lenient when dealing with children. Although it is in childhood that human character is formed, its strength and ability to withstand life problems. You cannot deprive a child of difficulties, but you also cannot humiliate him.

Orthodox Christians say the most common reason for suicide is despair. Among supporters of Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism), despair has always been considered a sin and was prohibited. We sympathized with people who faced various trials and tried to help them overcome despair.

It cannot be said that this was universal, but everyone treated other people’s troubles with understanding. Suicide was condemned by people because it is believed that a suicide not only succumbs to despair, but by killing himself does not leave himself time for repentance. That's why Orthodox Church does not perform a funeral service for suicides, does not serve a memorial service for them, and does not pray for the repose of their souls during services. In pre-revolutionary Russia, suicides were buried behind the cemetery fence.

The Church refuses to commemorate suicides not because it does not mourn their fate or does not sympathize with the grief of their loved ones. She does not do this for the same reason that she does not pray for the unbaptized. That is, a person who killed himself turned away from God.

Life is given to a person by God, only He has the right to decide when it will end - and it doesn’t matter how pleasant life is to a person. From the point of view of a Christian, Muslim, Jew, earthly life is a path of trials that must be accepted with humility. If a person withstands life's trials, then he improves spiritually.

If a person voluntarily renounces life and the trials it brings, the person puts his will above the will of God, thereby demonstrating a worldview that is absolutely inconsistent with the Christian faith.

According to faith, God sends a person not only trials, but also punishments if the person deserves them. They are sometimes difficult to distinguish from each other. God's trials force a person to react to them in some way. Strong people endure them and become even stronger. Weak people fall first into despondency and then into despair. If a person cannot stand it, he can become a suicide.

It is believed that God sends a person such tests that he is able to withstand. For strong people, difficult tests, easier tests for the weak.

However, Christians have several days a year when it is customary in church to remember suicides. This is done because all people, according to the Christian faith, are created in the image and likeness of God.

It should be noted that various pagan cults encouraged suicide, especially ritual suicide. For example, suicide, like sacrificing oneself to an idol. Human sacrifice among the pagans could surprise few people, but personal sacrifice of oneself was considered the most powerful. This was the case among Japanese Shintoists, and among the Mayan Indians, and among many other peoples.

According to various sources, in Japan, after the signing of the surrender in 1945, from 35 to 200 thousand Japanese men committed suicide by committing “harakiri” or “sepuku”. According to statistics, more than 200 thousand civilians died from the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in this war.

About 1000 Jews on Mount Masada in the 1st century AD. e. preferred suicide to Roman slavery.

Today there are online suicide clubs that encourage people to commit suicide in groups. However, all this is always associated with the appropriation of money from suicides. The names of sects and Internet clubs are not advertised for obvious reasons.

There is an opinion that people who profess reincarnation are more prone to suicide. That is, the transmigration of souls after death into other bodies. Let's not refute anything. Let each person profess those ideas that he considers correct, but any attempt to disrupt the process life path cannot help but bring conflict into life itself. No matter how much we strive to turn the page of our life, it must be finished reading.

Nowadays, instead of such a concept as despair, another is used. This is: lack of motivation. This concept was born among atheists who reject the existence of the human soul, which means that all psychophysical processes in a person are represented as material.

Motivation - from the Latin “movere” - a person’s ability to actively satisfy his needs. Psychophysical process.

REASONS FOR LOSS OF MOTIVATION:

1. Lack of confidence and action plan. Success Diary. In order for a person to gain self-confidence, he is encouraged to keep a diary in which he will record only his successes. It is believed that re-reading this diary will complement the motivational component of a person.
2. Lack of focus or purpose. Lack of meaning in activity and life. Fear of an unknown future. List of goals. It is proposed to create such a list so that a person has something to strive for. Creating motivation.
3. Lack of an action plan. There are no goals, no action plan and no incentive for further action. To achieve your goals you need an action plan. Creating such a plan is strengthening a person’s motivation.

It is believed that if a person does not have success, goals and an action plan in life, then he tends to commit suicide. There's no point in living anymore. All this resembles despair, but unlike despair, lack of motivation is not considered a shameful sin. There is no shame at all if a person decides to commit suicide. It even creates a certain romantic aura around the suicide.

In addition, although the lack of motivation is recognized as a psychophysical process, the essence of the problem is still reduced to the material problems of a person. Everything is viewed as if it is material failures that lead a person to tragedy. There is no talk of any spiritual problem.

If a person is mentally ill, there is no mention of the person’s lack of motivation. Only his mental illness is considered here. However, believers are also lenient towards suicides who are mentally ill. For example, a priest can recognize a suicide as such a sick person and perform all the necessary rituals on him during his burial.

It just so happens that suicide manifests itself in the most unexpected forms. For example:
1. Self-sacrifice. Atheists usually call self-sacrifice altruistic suicide. Altruism is a person’s desire to selflessly help everyone. In fact, altruism is considered the antipode of egoism. Altruistic suicide refers to a person’s willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of other people. At the same time, atheists classify a person’s self-sacrifice as suicide. For religious people, self-sacrifice is not considered suicide. On the contrary, it is welcomed in every possible way, although only as a necessary measure. Jesus Christ said: “Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends.” It is generally accepted among believers that a person who sacrifices his life for the sake of other people is not only not a suicide, but a hero.
2. Today in Europe the phenomenon of euthanasia has become widespread. Euthanasia is the voluntary death of a hopelessly ill person with the help of doctors. Today, up to 800 thousand people die this way each year. Here the opinions of atheists are divided into supporters and opponents. Someone believes that the murder of a suffering, hopelessly ill person is justified and, in a moral sense, the doctor who helped such a patient die can be justified. Proponents of euthanasia even justify monetary rewards for such killings. This is difficult to condemn, but by allowing very sick people to be killed at will, society begins to consider the possibility of killing any person at their request. Naturally for money and even demonstratively. Namely: there are already known cases when relatives of the person being killed are invited to the process of euthanasia (murder). There are even cases where people refused euthanasia at the very last moment, (they just want to live) infuriating the assembled relatives. Fortunately, not all atheists welcome euthanasia. The majority still believes that one must fight for a person’s life to the end. The human right to life is enshrined in the Constitutions of all countries of the world. Orthodox Christians are categorically against euthanasia. Euthanasia is considered murder and no mercy is seen here.
3. Hidden suicide. Behavior that does not usually lead to immediate death, but is dangerous and/or shortens life (drinking, smoking, abstaining from medical care in case of serious illnesses, deliberate disregard for traffic rules or safety precautions, extreme sports without proper training and equipment, disregard for danger during combat operations), despite the fact that the perpetrator understands its danger, but is indifferent to the possible risk, is called self-destructive behavior.

Protective (anti-suicidal) factors
Strong family and social connections reduce the likelihood of suicide Having children, especially for women, and pregnancy are strong risk reduction factors. Religious Beliefs and, in particular, participation in religious activities, hyper-responsibility, presence creative plans, as well as fear of physical suffering, often reduce the likelihood of committing an act of suicide. The support of family and friends plays a significant role; understanding your family responsibilities; full employment; the presence of psychological coping skills (for example, the ability to cope with loss, loss or humiliation), mental agility and the presence of optimism.

Reasons for suicide:
1. Problems in personal life, unsuccessful love, family conflicts:
2. death or loss of a loved one;
3. loneliness, lack of attention and care from others;
4. failures at work, in school;
5. monetary losses;
6. changing the usual pattern of life;
7. serious illness or disfiguring defect;
8. severe depression (according to WHO reports, up to 15% of depressions end in suicide;
9. Incitement to suicide;
10. targeted harassment, slander, threats, humiliation;
11. rape, physical abuse, beatings.
12. Saturation with life, tiredness of life, lack of purpose and interest in life;
13. Religious fanaticism, ritual suicide;
14. Forced suicide (by court verdict, under the threat of painful death or reprisals against close relatives;) fear of punishment
15. Self-condemnation for an unseemly act;
16. Suicide to preserve honor (for example, hara-kiri);
17. Copycat suicide (after similar deaths famous personalities or literary characters;
Risk factors
Approximately half of suicidal people have made at least one suicide attempt before, and after such an attempt, 1 in 100 people commit suicide within a year, which means a hundredfold increase in the risk of suicide.
Social factors:
society’s attitude towards suicides (conciliatory, encouraging, permissive, prohibitive);
socio-economic and political instability (increasing unemployment, crime, disasters, etc.);
increased migration flows;
ethnic and cultural characteristics of society ( high level religiosity, the presence of strong tribal ties, traditions of a “big family”, etc.).
Those who have never been married are most likely to commit suicide. Next in order of decreasing risk are those who are widowed, divorced, and married without children. Living alone also increases your risk. Increases the risk of suicide and family turmoil.

Maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences increase suicidality in adulthood, at least through intervening factors closely associated with childhood adverse experiences, such as alcohol and drug abuse and depression. The risk of suicide is increased in persons who experienced cruelty and violence in childhood; in persons whose parents died when they were no more than 11 years old, or divorced each other; in persons whose upbringing was neglected in childhood.

We have touched upon only a small part of the information about such a phenomenon as suicide. The purpose of this conversation is to present suicide in its true light. The fact is that the death of a person is a sacrament and this is really so. A person sometimes romanticizes committing suicide and accepts death as a release from difficulties. But is it really that simple? Life is no less a mystery than death. But death ends life and these two sacraments cannot be interchanged. It seems to me that many people who entertain the idea of suicide do not think deep down about the inevitability of death. They think that death does not exclude life.