The main characteristics of the perforator. Choosing the best perforator. Classification by engine location

During repairs, it is often necessary to drill holes in stone or concrete partitions or walls, and sometimes it is necessary to remove part of the wall or cut a rather large hole in it.

In good concrete, it is quite difficult to drill even a small hole to the desired depth, so for this they use not an ordinary drill, but an impact drill, and use a special drill for concrete. If they are coming, then you will have to resort to the help of a perforator.

Some mistakenly believe that tools such as an impact drill and a hammer drill are one and the same. This is fundamentally wrong, since these tools have a completely different principle of operation.

The rotary hammer has its own impact mechanism, while the effectiveness of an impact drill depends entirely on the power of its engine and the force with which the user can press on the tool during operation.

Working with a hammer drill, you can apply three times less force than when working with a drill. Using a drill is possible:

• drill holes in wood, metal, plastic;
• drill a brick (in shock mode);
• screw and self-tapping screws.

A hammer drill is a much more powerful tool, which also has a resource that is incomparable with the resource of the best impact drill. In addition to everything that a drill “can do”, a hammer drill can:

• drilling stone and reinforced concrete;
• chiseling with different chisels, with which you can make a hole in the wall or groove gutters for
• drive a rod;
• beat off tiles or concrete irregularities;
• produce ramming.

Classification of perforators

To classify this type of instrument, you can. For example, according to the field of application, all punchers are divided into:

1. Household.
2. Professional.

According to the way the engine of the device is located relative to the shock axis, the units can be divided into two types:

1. Horizontal - the axis of the electric motor is parallel to the shock axis of the device. Such perforators have an elongated shape and are convenient when working in narrow openings.
2. Vertical - the axis of the engine is perpendicular to the impact axis of the tool, and its shape resembles the letter L. A feature of these devices is good engine cooling.

Additional tool features

In order to make work as convenient and safe as possible, manufacturers supply their:

• Switch stopper - makes it possible not to keep your finger on the switch all the time, which facilitates work and relieves unnecessary stress from the hand.
• Anti-vibration system - dampens vibrations. This function is equipped with expensive instrument models.
• Depth gauge - allows you to determine when the hole reaches the required depth.
• Soft start - reduces the oscillation of the hammer immediately after it is turned on.
• Speed ​​mode switch - allows you to change the speed according to the task.
• Reverse function - helps to release the stuck drill.
• Drilling-chiseling switch - allows you to "on the go" change the operating mode of the tool.

Some models of rotary hammers are devoid of certain functions, so when buying, you need to pay special attention to this.

How to choose a tool when buying

When purchasing a device, be sure to check it “on the go”. Turn on the puncher and listen carefully - a good quality device works without amplifications and knocks.

Then the selected model must be connected to the network, and when it reaches maximum speed, turn it off. Pay attention to how the stop occurs - the speed should decrease smoothly, and not stop jerkily.
Ask the seller about the availability of service centers of the manufacturer in the city. Check the availability of warranties and the warranty period.

How to work with a perforator

In any instruction for the tool, it is enough to use it:

• Before installing or changing attachments, the tool must be unplugged from the mains.
• The shank of the nozzle must be lubricated with grease.
• The nozzle is inserted into the cartridge.
• The perforator is connected to the network, by pressing the trigger a start is made. The cartridge must rotate without impact.
• Drilling is carried out without pressure on the working tool - this can lead to the destruction of the drill.
• After each hole, the drill must be cleaned of dust and crumbs.
• The equipment of the tool must correspond to the type of work performed.
• It is necessary to ensure that the tool does not overheat - this will reduce its service life.
• It is recommended to use when working with thick rubber gloves - this will additionally protect the worker from vibration.
• Make sure the gearbox is always lubricated.

The hammer drill is an indispensable tool during home renovation or construction. With its help, various holes are made very easily in concrete, brick or stone surfaces. In order to correctly choose a tool for certain types of work, you first need to know what types of rotary hammers the industry offers.

Although the purpose of these units is the same (drilling, drilling, chiselling), they differ in their functionality, which affects the scope of their application.

Cordless Hammers

Battery-powered devices (batteries) can be classified as household power tools.

A cordless hammer drill is convenient to use in places where there is no electricity, but it is worth knowing that the tool is designed for a short operating time. With it, you can only make a few holes in the wall. For work on hard materials, which imply a long operation of the device, it will not work.

The main advantages of the device on the battery:

• independence from the mains - can be used in the country, in the garage, during roofing, etc.;
• sufficient power;
• light weight;
• compact body;
• the presence of a reverse;
• it is possible to drill concrete (maximum diameter 10 mm);
• has a speed controller.

Disadvantages of the device on the battery:

• the operating time of the device is limited by the battery capacity;
• inconvenient for frequent use, since it takes time to charge the battery;
• when dropped, the battery fails;
• Difficulty purchasing a spare battery.

Network devices

This type of device is most in demand, both for home work and for professional use in the construction industry.

Due to the constant power supply from the mains, the units have good performance and high power. Network punchers are widely used in construction and repair work, they make it easy to ditch and drill walls, as well as punch openings in them.

Advantages:

• high performance;
• affordable price;
• most devices have three modes of operation (drilling, drilling + impact, impact without rotation of the cartridge);
• anti-vibration system;
• the ability to adjust the speed.

Flaws:

• the power cord restricts movement;
• with unstable voltage in the network, performance decreases;
• during long and frequent work, the chuck wears out, as a result of which the fixation of the drill weakens, and the chuck needs to be replaced.

Pneumatic rock drills

Air tool works from compressed air. For this reason, it can only work in tandem with a compressor.

This type of tool is used in places where, due to the risk of explosion, it is impossible to use power tools.

Often pneumatic units are used when working in damp rooms, for example, flooded with water.

Advantages:

• light weight;
• high spindle speed and high beats per minute;
• can be used in damp rooms and places with increased explosion hazard.

Flaws:

• a compressor is required for operation;
• hose length restricts movement;
• high cost of the unit.

Gasoline devices

Units that have a two-stroke gasoline engine as a drive have great power and high impact force.

Advantages:

• mobility due to independence from the compressor and the mains;
• one filling of the tank allows the unit to work for about 2 hours;
• swipe;
• three operating modes.

Flaws:

• high price;
• big weight;
• the impact force is not adjustable, which may cause unnecessary cracks in the treated surfaces;
• the need for a canister with additional fuel;
• material costs for the purchase of fuel;
• large dimensions.

Classification by engine location

In addition to the power source, devices can also differ in the location of the engine: they are pistol-type and barrel-type.

Pistol type apparatus

In these perforators, the engine is located horizontally, and the percussion mechanism (located in the barrel of the unit) is driven by "drunk" bearing, to which rotational motion is transmitted from the rotor.

If you look at the barrel puncher, you can see that the engine is installed in it at the bottom of the unit. The vertical electric drive makes it possible to use the crank mechanism (KShM) most effectively in order to engage the impact block.

The rotational movements of the engine rotor are transmitted to the crank, which, converting them into reciprocating movements, transfers them to the piston. The latter actuates the percussion mechanism located in the barrel of the apparatus.

Important characteristics of rotary hammers

In order not to overpay money for unnecessary power, or vice versa, not to get the desired result due to the low power of the device, it is necessary to study the main characteristics of the devices and what they affect.

Impact strength

This parameter indicates the force with which the equipment (drill or pick) will be immersed in the material being processed. Impact force is measured in joules (J). The value of this indicator depends work speed. In the professional field, many holes have to be drilled per day and large openings have to be made. Therefore, it is necessary that the device has an impact force of 4 to 17 J. A perforator with an impact force of 1-3 J will be enough for the house.

Power

The impact force directly depends on the power of the engine of the unit. Perforators are usually divided by power into 3 classes.

1. Light apparatus have a small power, on average up to 0.8 kW. They weigh about 4 kg and can develop an impact force of up to 3 J.
2. Medium perforators have a power of 0.8 to 0.9 kW, weigh up to 8 kg, develop an impact force of up to 9 J.
3. Heavy aggregates- these are devices with a power of 1.2 kW and above. They have a weight of more than 8 kg, and an impact energy of more than 17 J.

Impact frequency

The performance of the tool also depends on the frequency of impacts. Even when the impact force of the unit is high, with a low frequency of impacts, work with such a tool will be slow. Therefore, this indicator is very important for the professional use of a rotary hammer, and should be about 5000 beats per minute. At the same time, a home appliance can have 3-4 thousand beats per minute.

Rotational speed

This figure is much higher for household punchers. This is explained by the fact that at home the device will more often be used as a drill. Therefore, for household devices, a rotation speed in the range of 1500-2300 rpm is available. For professional equipment, the spindle speed is in the range of 750-1100 rpm, since priority is given to the impact functions of the devices.

Operating modes

Most units have 3 modes of operation.

1. Hit. In this mode, the equipment performs only translational movements, as in the case of a jackhammer. There are no circular spindle movements.
2. drilling. The machine spindle rotates. This mode allows you to use the unit as a drill, as well as for drilling with diamond core bits.
3. Drilling + impact. This mode combines 2 functions. It is usually used for drilling holes in hard materials using special drill bits.

You should be aware that there are models of punchers that have only 1 or 2 modes. Therefore, we choose a device with three modes: with its help, you can solve more problems.

Chuck type and drill diameter

In perforators, it is customary to use SDS cartridges. The abbreviation SDS is translated from German as "insert, turn, fasten." Clamping chucks are divided into 5 types:

Additional options

The characteristics that have been described above are key. And in order to choose the right punch, you need to pay attention to them. But there are also additional options that should be considered when buying a device, as they can significantly increase the convenience of work.

1. The presence of a reverse. This option is optional, but recommended. With its help, the drill is more easily pulled out of deep holes. To do this, it is enough to turn on the reverse rotation of the machine spindle.
2. Jamming protection. This feature is very important if you have opted for a high power unit. When the tool is jammed in the material being processed, a special clutch can prevent injury to the master and burnout of the motor windings.
3. Speed ​​shifter. With it, it is possible to regulate not only the speed of rotation of the spindle, but also the frequency of impact.
4. Smooth start avoids jerking the tool when starting.
5. Speed ​​stabilization system. This function keeps the spindle speed at the same level, regardless of the load on the tool.
6. Stop button for switch allows you to fix the start button in the working position, and further holding it with your finger is not required.
7. Anti-vibration system essential for a professional instrument. Thanks to it, the master will feel much less vibration, which, as you know, affects not only muscle fatigue, but also human health in general.
8. Emphasis allowing you to control the drilling depth.
9. The presence of a dust collector. A hammer drill with a dust collector allows the master to more comfortably carry out the work of drilling walls, since this operation generates a lot of dust. Nozzles have a branch pipe for connecting a vacuum cleaner to them, and can have a different design.

The best manufacturing companies

The number of perforator manufacturers is steadily increasing every year. But self-respecting professional craftsmen prefer a tool that has been tested in practice for years and has good reviews from owners. The review below includes the most popular manufacturers of devices in 2016-2017.

First of all, if you are confused about which hammer drill is better to buy, decide for what use you want to purchase a tool: for domestic or professional use. Usually, household tool does not withstand heavy loads and is designed for short-term operation, no more than 25 minutes. After that, the engine should be allowed to cool down for about 30 minutes. In addition, household devices should not work more than 4 hours (in total) per day. At the same time, a very powerful tool is not needed for home use.

Professional construction puncher can be used to perform large volumes of work, including as a jackhammer, since the unit is able to withstand large and hours-long loads. There are several ways to distinguish a professional hammer drill from a household one:

• price - household power tools are much cheaper than professional ones;
• a pro-class device is distinguished by high power and considerable weight;
• professional units have increased impact force, which increases their productivity.

Perforator for home

Tools for home use are devices of light and medium level, in terms of weight and power. If you occasionally need to use this tool for concrete or chiselling brickwork, it is recommended to purchase a pistol-type device that has the following parameters and design features:

• engine power should be in the range from 0.6 to 0.9 kW;
• impact force - from 1.2 to 3 J;
• the device must have 3 modes of operation;
• impact speed can reach 5000 beats / min;
• there must be an adjustment of the spindle speed;
• spindle speed should be 1100 rpm and above;
• the presence of a clutch that prevents jamming is welcome;
• the device must have a keyless chuck and be sold with a replaceable chuck;
• it is necessary to have a button for fixing the trigger;
• comfortable handle that can be easily rotated to any position;
• the presence of a reverse (the ability to turn on the reverse rotation of the spindle).

Hammer drill for work

A professional rotary hammer, both horizontal and vertical, must be able to work within the ranges listed below (these are generalized parameters within which pro-class tools work):

• the impact speed should be from 1000 to 5000 beats / min .;
• spindle speed from 750 to 1100 rpm;
• impact force from 8 to 17.5 J;
• power consumption from 1250 to 1500 W;
• weight from 6.9 to 10 kg;
• maximum drilling diameter in concrete from 45 to 80 mm;

Also, the device for professional use must be equipped with anti-vibration protection and anti-jamming.

– this means operating the power tool as efficiently as possible on the construction site. Ultimately, it depends on this knowledge how accurately in its parameters it will correspond to certain operating conditions, how long and reliably it will serve its owner.

But before moving on to the design features, let's consider the principle of operation and the range of practical applications of the hammer drill as one of the most popular builder's tools today.

Perforator and its purpose

This electric construction tool is a fairly powerful drilling device, different from the traditional electric drill and more modern impact drill.

The rotary hammer differs from the first, except for the function of rotating the drill, by the presence of a longitudinal-axial movement of the nozzle. Reciprocating motion is also present in the operation of an impact drill. But in the scheme of its work, this possibility is achieved by the interaction of two toothed ratchets, while the impact action of the perforator is ensured by the use of a special pneumatic or electromagnetic mechanism.

Due to this, the specified power tool with its working body acts on the surface to be treated with greater force than an impact drill. In addition, drill ratchets clinging to each other cannot impart a sufficiently large amplitude of longitudinal movement to the drill, which, for its part, distinguishes a standard hammer drill.

This feature determines the scope of its practical application.

The perforator is designed for drilling holes in especially hard materials (brick, natural stone, concrete).

And he does it much more efficiently, better and faster than the same impact drill.

Modern models are distinguished by their versatility. This is facilitated by the presence in them of the ability to work in 3 modes. A jackhammer mode is added to the normal drilling mode (like a drill) and drilling with simultaneous impacts. The presence of this mode allows you to use the device for grooving grooves in plaster, in lightweight concrete and other relatively soft building materials.

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The main types of punchers

All known today power tools are divided into household and professional.

The second most important division of perforators is according to the type of drive applied to their design:

1. Network power drills. They work only from the local electrical network. For this reason, their operation is limited by the presence of a stationary outlet in the immediate vicinity of the place of work.
2. Cordless power drills. They can be powered both from the local power supply and from the built-in battery. This feature makes them convenient for facade and other work away from the fixed network. However, they can be equipped with lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride batteries.
3. Pneumatic perforators. They are used in cases where work is carried out in difficult conditions, in particular, at the risk of an explosion, electric shock to a person, short circuit due to an abundance of water, etc.
4. Petrol hammers. Such systems are used in conditions of large and continuous loads away from sources of electricity (for example, during large-scale road works).

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Features of the design of the perforator

The impact impulse of a power tool directed at the surface to be treated is created by either an electromagnetic or pneumatic unit. When using an electromagnetic mechanism, the longitudinal movement of the core is provided by two induction coils.

If we are talking about a tool with pneumatics, then in this case the impact is made by a piston moving inside the cylinder due to the sufficient compression created in it. As a result, the striker hits the end face of the working nozzle, which, simultaneously with drilling, gradually destroys the structure of the material being processed.

Currently, rotary hammers with two types of electric motor arrangement are in operation: horizontal and vertical. The first type is mainly used in light household appliances, the second - in medium and heavy (professional) tools.

Devices with a horizontal engine due to this scheme, as a rule, are more compact, more convenient when drilling in hard-to-reach places. However, this arrangement has a number of significant drawbacks. In particular, longitudinally mounted motors experience an increased shock load during operation, and also cool somewhat worse and slower than vertical motors.

Accordingly, these shortcomings are deprived of rotary hammers with a vertical layout of the electric motor. At the same time, such a scheme provides a sufficiently large amplitude of movement of the “piston-firing” pair. This happens due to the use of a special crank mechanism in the tool, which increases the piston stroke. As a result, rotary hammers with a vertical electric motor endure intensive use better than models with a horizontal motor.

The shock pulse mechanism is the most important unit of any rotary hammer. The effectiveness and reliability of the entire perforating device ultimately depends on its efficiency and reliability.

As mentioned above, perforators, according to the principle of shock impulse formation, are divided into electromechanical and electropneumatic. At the same time, pneumatic tools make up the vast majority of products in use today.

Electro-pneumatic tools have gained such popularity by the fact that they develop significant energy of the shock impulse at the minimum rated power of the electric motor. Pneumatic impact is provided either by a “drunk” (oscillating) bearing scheme (light and partially medium perforators), or a crank mechanism (medium and heavy devices).

Two types of anti-vibration system are used in modern rotary hammers: active and passive. The first option is used exclusively in models with a powerful power unit, the second - in "weaker" models. The basis of this system is a counterweight with a shock-absorbing spring, which takes on the recoil energy.

The transmission of rotation from the electric motor to the working cartridge is provided by a gearbox. At the same time, it activates the impact mechanism. The gearbox is an interconnected system of gears of various configurations and is characterized by a certain gear ratio. This number is changed by the electronic regulator.

The case of the device can be either metal or plastic. But most often, in its manufacture, metal is combined with impact-resistant plastic.

Thus, the perforator is a rather complex device, the scheme of which is optimally “tailored” to specific functional tasks for processing especially hard building materials.

A perforator is a power tool used in the dismantling of building structures made of brick and concrete, as well as in especially durable materials. With it, you can easily remove old tiles from the surface, punch an opening in the wall, make a groove in it for cable laying, and even tighten an ordinary screw.

The most famous representative of this type of tool, the Bosch rotary hammer, is equipped with a powerful pneumatic percussion mechanism, which significantly increases the productivity of the device and is equipped with a number of features that increase its ease of use.

Briefly about the history of the brand

The history of the BOCH brand began in 1886 in Germany. It was then that engineer Robert Bosch opened the country's first electrical workshop. Under this brand, in early 1932, the world's first electric rotary hammer was released. In the spring of 1961, the company's engineers patented a new pneumatic principle of operation of this tool. At the end of 1946, the company produces the first, and in 1984, the Bosch rotary hammer, powered by a battery.

Today the concern is one of the world leaders in the production of quality goods that make life easier for people. The company consists of 300 enterprises and more than 13,000 service centers located in 140 countries. The range of its products includes, in addition to a variety of power tools, also high-quality household and garden equipment, as well as batteries and saws.

General scheme of the BOCH perforator device

The design of German brand rotary hammers is represented by a complex, but absolutely thought-out system, all the components of which affect the efficiency and productivity of the tool.

1. Cartridge.

2. Impact mechanism.

3. Safety clutch.

4. Electric motor.

5. Cable entry.

Let's consider the main parts and elements that the Bosch puncher is equipped with in more detail.

Keyless chuck SDS

The device is used to fasten the working attachments to the unit, prevents them from turning and ensures easy replacement. BOCH rotary hammers are equipped with two types of cartridges:

• SDS max. For bits with a shank diameter of 18 mm. The cartridge is characterized by the presence of 5 grooves (3 open - for insertion; 2 closed - for fixation) and is suitable for fastening a drill with a working diameter of more than 25 mm.
• SDS plus. For attaching bits with a shank diameter of 10 mm. The device is distinguished by the presence of 4 grooves (2 open and 2 closed). These cartridges are equipped with light models of perforators, the drills of which can drill holes up to 25 mm.

Impact mechanism

Each Bosch rotary hammer is equipped with a powerful impact mechanism that works on the principle of a pneumatic system.

As a result of the reciprocating movements that the piston (2) performs, receiving an impulse from the swinging, or, as it is also called, “drunk” bearing (1), compression is created that encourages the damper-ram (3) to move with the striker attached to it -drummer (4).

It should be noted that this entire system is driven by the engine gear (5). The result of the operation of the mechanism is the blows that the striker inflicts on the end part of the nozzle (drill or blade). In some professional models, the "drunk" bearing of the unit is replaced by a crank mechanism.

Safety clutch

A long "Bosch" is a rather rare phenomenon, since the device of its mechanics includes a protective clutch that stops the rotation of the gears of the tool when the drill is jammed in the hole. The presence of such a mechanism not only avoids damage to the unit itself, but also ensures the safety of the user working with it.

electric motor

All German-made tools are equipped with high-quality electric motors, different in size and power consumption (from 400 to 1500 W). From this diagram of Bosch rotary hammers, it can be seen that the engine has a horizontal arrangement. It should be noted that in most powerful professional models it is located vertically.

cable entry

All rotary hammers of the German company are equipped with a swivel cable entry, which prevents chafing of the electric wire and increases the comfort of working with the device, increasing its mobility. The structure of this unit allows you to turn the tool at the right angle, penetrating into the most inaccessible places of the building structure.

Reducer

Many units are equipped with a two-speed gearbox, which allows you to increase the shaft speed without reducing the performance of the device. If you decide to purchase a tool for the home, then you will be advised by the Bosch company puncher. The price of this unit, however, will be significantly higher than that of its gearless counterparts.

Perforator characteristics

The Bosch rotary hammer, like any representative of this type of power tool, has three main characteristics that determine its performance:

• Spindle speed- determines the speed of rotation of the working tool. This indicator affects the efficiency of the unit in the drilling mode and can range from 600 to 2000 rpm. depending on the drill model. Note that powerful professional devices have a lower rotation speed of the working mechanism, since the diameter of their equipment is much higher than that of a household tool.
• impact energy- depends on the engine power, the mass of the striker and the length of its stroke. It is the main characteristic that determines the performance of the unit, and ranges from 1.2 J for "amateur" models, to 14.2 J - the impact force that the most powerful "Bosch" puncher has. The price of such a professional device, however, exceeds 48,000 rubles.
• Impact frequency- is determined by the number of strikes of the striker on the end of the working nozzle for a period of time equal to one minute. The speed of drilling holes depends on this characteristic, and together with the impact energy, it determines the performance of the perforator. For various models, this figure can vary from 1100 to 5500 beats / min.

German brand equipment is distinguished by the selection of the optimal ratio of all these parameters, which makes it truly reliable and high quality.

Tool operating modes

A clear advantage that the Bosch puncher has is its ability to work in various modes:

Aggregate classification

So, we noted that the models of BOCH rotary hammers have differences in the power of electric motors, spindle speed, as well as the frequency and strength of impacts. This allows you to divide all aggregates into the following types:

Depending on the power source, BOCH rotary hammers are divided into electric, powered by a 220 W household power supply, and rechargeable, powered by a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery. Devices of this type are indispensable when working in places remote from power sources, or in de-energized rooms.

Additional functions of aggregates

Regardless of the type and brand, most models of this German technology are equipped with a set of features that increase the performance and ease of use of devices. Almost all units are equipped with:

Thanks to the various capabilities of the devices, any user - from a professional builder to a simple home craftsman - will be able to choose the Bosch rotary hammer that suits his needs. Reviews about this tool are only positive and speak of its versatility, efficiency and consistently high quality.