Two-pipe heating system of a private two-story wooden house. Variants of heating systems for a two-story private house. Schemes of one-pipe and two-pipe wiring

The arrangement of the heating system of a two-story private house requires a competent approach, since the main thing depends on this indicator, which any resident of a cottage requires - comfort. Today, air and electric heating systems are becoming more and more popular. But electric does not mean standard heaters or underfloor heating, but those that run on alternative energy sources such as solar panels.

Standard wiring diagram

Typically, such a scheme involves the use of pipes made of metal plastic - this is what they can tell in design and engineering bureaus. However, these pipes can be easily replaced with polypropylene or even copper pipes. Interestingly, today copper pipes have again become in demand.

The fact is that despite all their shortcomings, including high cost, they have a very significant advantage: the coolant circulating through copper pipes and radiators does not need to be replaced for many, many years. In fact, you can pour it once - and that's it, it's enough for a lifetime!

Standard wiring diagram for a heating system in a two-story house

Fittings, various shaped systems, connectors and other components are connected only depending on the angle of their inclination and relative position from each other. Such a wiring diagram usually requires the use of various valves: from ball valves to radiator valves (they are all straight).

After the calculation is made according to the scheme, the required number of radiators and their sections is also calculated. The latter are mounted on special brackets. Accordingly, the more sections there are, the more brackets (or other fittings that can replace them) will be needed.

You should not install more sections of radiators than necessary: this will increase energy consumption, and the effect will be minimal.

Top and bottom wiring

In a house where there is both a basement and an attic, one of two types of wiring can be used: top or bottom. Of course, that in almost any 2-storey house there will be both an attic and a basement.

Features of wiring, depending on their type:

At the top, the coolant will be supplied from the attic, getting into the distributor, and then going down the pipes;
At the bottom, the coolant, respectively, will be supplied from the basement, flowing down.

Of course, it seems logical that it is easiest to use the upper wiring, because in this case the pump will be of the lowest power, and the coolant itself will circulate much faster.

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring

However, it depends on which side you look at: the upper wiring will be irrelevant, for example, if an attic is installed in the house (living in the “embraces” of a heating boiler is another pleasure, it should be noted), and if a leak occurs, it will completely flood the whole house. Is it worth the risk?

It should be said right away that the coolant does not always mean water: now many owners of private houses also use antifreeze (this will not affect the choice of lower or upper wiring).

But in any case, there are 2 rules that apply regardless of the selected type:

Two-pipe and one-pipe heating system

The choice between a one-pipe and two-pipe heating system in the construction of houses was the most difficult decision for the owner. The systems differ significantly from each other, and each has one significant advantage and one of the same drawback.

For small houses, it is better to prefer a two-pipe heating system.

Scheme of the device of a single-pipe heating system

Brief description of the two types of heating systems:

Plastic pipes - the best option for a modern heating system

One-pipe, as you might guess, requires the use of only one centralized line (pipe), regardless of what type of heating is used: water boiler, stove, gas, steam, using an electric boiler or without it, and so on. But there is one problem: the already cooled coolant enters the same pipe with which it was supplied, op to the main riser. It turns out that the lowest radiators will be much colder than the first ones. Consequently, their heating area will also increase, which is good (this implies that such a heating system will require a much larger number of radiators, batteries);
Two-pipe requires complex technical conditions for its installation, but is more efficient. The cooled and hot water circulates through different highways, without touching in any way and without interfering with each other at all. It turns out that all batteries warm up evenly, and the heat does not just go away;
In general, single-pipe is cheap, but far from the most efficient; two-pipe - expensive and complex, but very effective. The dilemma will have to be solved directly by the owner of the building, there's nothing to be done about it.

Installation of the system when planning a warm floor

The main nuances that must be considered when planning the installation of a warm floor:

When installing a warm floor, it is necessary to take into account the type of subsequent finishing

It is very important to choose the right flooring. Highly! For example, if a screed is laid on top of a warm floor (and it is mandatory and will be in any case), and a 10-centimeter parquet is placed on top of the screed, then why is this warm floor needed at all if the efficiency of such a system is zero? All such points must be taken into account;
The underfloor heating pipeline is always and under any circumstances mounted exclusively in the screed of the floor itself. Then usually people ask themselves: what should be its thickness? But experts will be able to answer this question only if they have information about all the initial parameters of the house itself and the power required for the heating circuit;
Even if it is planned to install a warm floor on the ground floor only in some parts, thermal insulation will have to be carried out over the entire surface of the floor, otherwise the heat will go to the basement, thereby wasting energy virtually nowhere and lowering the efficiency of the entire system. Of course, this is provided that there are no living rooms in the basement or no animals are kept. For the second floor, this condition is optional;

By the way, any water supply scheme will work more efficiently if it has natural rather than forced circulation, which is extremely important. How different are heating systems?

For example, what will be the difference between the heating system of a one-story brick private house with polypropylene pipes (polypropylene pipes are now popular) and a two-story wooden house, which is heated by an electric boiler?

The difference will be significant, because here it will be necessary to determine how to properly connect the heating system (for each type of house - differently), is it possible to do it yourself, is it possible to connect devices with very high power in a private house?

The general scheme of the underfloor heating device in the house

In any case, the heating system in a one-story house will be a priori simpler from a technical point of view than in houses with two or more floors. And if we take huge houses, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich starts from 500 m², then everything is so complicated and completely confusing that it seems that even a nuclear physicist will not immediately figure out where to insert this or that fitting and with the help of which pumps water or some kind of other coolant.

Video

You can watch a video where experts talk about how to install a heating system in a two-story house and organize collector heating.

Installation of heating in a two-story house will require preliminary calculations, a preliminary selection of equipment and a wiring diagram.

The use of a particular scheme depends on the size of the house.

The project takes into account the living area and the layout of the interior.

Autonomous heating with natural water movement is a common scheme for a summer residence or a private house. The layout of pipes and the installation of appliances in a house with two floors is practically no different from the scheme of a one-story house.

Natural circulation system

When the temperature rises, liquids expand, but cannot be compressed under pressure like gases.

The heating system provides a device in which excess expanding liquid is placed - an expansion tank.

It will allow you to control the pressure of the coolant, preventing a critical level at which equipment will be destroyed.

Differences between open and closed systems in expansion tanks. The scheme with natural circulation involves the installation of an open expander.

Feature is the installation location. The height of the second floor will create the necessary pressure of the liquid column. Therefore, it is not necessary to take the expander to the attic.

Natural circulation indicates the absence of a circulation pump for heating systems in the design.

Heaters are connected by upper wiring, which will ensure uniform distribution of the coolant over the radiators (read here how to properly install radiators under the windowsill).

The direction of water movement is provided by the slope of the pipes, which are mounted at an angle of 5 degrees. Direct running pipes are located under the ceiling or window sills.

The advantages of this scheme for a two-story house are:

does not depend on electricity;
reliable;
simple operation;
no noise.

Do you know what the slope of the sewer pipe should be by 1 meter? About calculation methods for external and internal systems is written in a useful article.

Precautions for handling propylene glycol antifreeze for heating systems are written on this page.

Such a system has disadvantages that negate the advantages:

complex installation (multi-level arrangement of pipes with a mandatory slope);
maximum heating area - 100 m2;
low efficiency;
the temperature difference between the direct and return pipes harms the boiler;
corrosion (a constant supply of air oxygen oxidizes metals);
maintaining a constant water level in the expander;
other types of coolant cannot be used;
heating wiring requires a lot of pipe products.

Some of the shortcomings are solved by installing a circulation pump with a bypass and a check valve (read here).

But it is more correct, when installing the heating of a two-story house, to choose a closed connection scheme.

Most often they use a single-pipe, two-pipe or collector version of the wiring. They can be self-assembled.

Single pipe connection

According to this connection scheme, a separate direct branch goes to each floor.

Shut-off valves are installed on each floor, which allows you to separately heat the floors.

After passing through the radiators, both branches are connected into one, which brings the cooled coolant to the boiler.

Each radiator is mounted with a bypass on the battery (written here) and shutoff valves.

This will allow you not to stop heating in cases requiring the replacement of individual radiators (read the rules for installing heating batteries in an apartment on this page).

The devices are equipped with Mayevsky cranes or valves for removing air pockets. Installation without outlet sections will lead to uneven heating of the premises.

In such cases, radiators of different capacities are installed. But installing a bypass is the most rational way.

The design of heating with a smaller number of shut-off valves will not allow separate heating of the floors.

The ability to block a branch or a separate device will allow you to effectively respond to malfunctions of heating devices.

IMPORTANT! Manufacturers indicate in the passports of devices the parameters obtained by calculation. This applies to internal volume and power. The water flow in the radiator, the power of which is 10 kW - 10 l / min.

Do you know how to drill a well for water yourself - a video shot during work is posted on the page hidden under the link. Watch and read this helpful article.

Which accumulator for water supply systems is better is written here.

On the page: https://ru-canalizator.com/vodosnabzhenie/avtonomnoe/zhelonka-chertezhi.html watch a video on how to make a bailer with your own hands.

Wiring with one pipe will save on materials, provide good heat transfer. According to this scheme, you can install the heating yourself (video on how to glue polypropylene pipes, see here).

Of the shortcomings note:

uneven distribution of the coolant,
the need for balancing.

Two-pipe circuit

Two-pipe connection will avoid the shortcomings of the bran system.

Heating, built according to a two-pipe scheme with forced circulation of the coolant, evenly distributes heat over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

Radiators are connected in parallel to each other. Each device is connected to the forward and reverse branches of the system.

An air vent and a shut-off valve (installation on a heating battery) are mounted on the radiators to supply the coolant, which will allow you to adjust the degree of heating of the device.

No check valves are installed on the return branch. The main drawback of the scheme is the consumption of materials. For installation, double the number of pipes is required.

Collector wiring

Heating with a collector is suitable for both a one-story house and a two-story house.

The installation of the collector circuit takes place on the condition that the circulation pump is correctly installed in the heating system.

Natural circulation will not be able to move the coolant.

Water is first supplied to the collector, which will distribute it to the heating devices.

Shutoff valves are installed at each outlet from the collector.

ATTENTION! The expense of materials and complex work pays off with precise control of heat output and ease of use.

Such a heating system has a number of undeniable advantages:

installation and dismantling of radiators during heating operation;
contours are independent of each other. This makes it possible to heat each room differently;
additional devices are connected to the heating, for example, underfloor heating;
pipes are hidden under the floor or in the walls, the collector is placed in a separate cabinet;
despite the complexity of installation, wiring can be done independently.

Horizontal two-pipe heating is based on the collector.

The comb is located in a special cabinet, the system elements are included.

During installation, pipes, fittings and fittings made of polypropylene are used.

Heating devices (polypropylene coils) are laid in the floor.

All links are connected independently. After installation in a private house, it is required to balance each circuit.

IMPORTANT! The machine must maintain the temperature of the coolant up to 55 degrees.

The considered heating schemes and connection options (how to calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator is written here) for a two-story house have been tested by many years of practice.

Each has advantages and disadvantages. In practice, mounting a collector connection with your own hands is easier than the rest.

A high-quality microclimate and uninterrupted operation of heating will be ensured by the installation of the system by specialists.

Look in the proposed video for a collector wiring diagram for heating in a two-story, private house.

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en-canalizer.com

Heating in a two-story house: upper and lower wiring, one-pipe and two-pipe system, installation features

Standard wiring diagram

The fact is that despite all their shortcomings, including high cost, they have a very significant advantage: the coolant circulating through copper pipes and radiators does not need to be replaced for many, many years. In fact, you can pour it once - and that's it, it's enough for a lifetime!

Standard wiring diagram for a heating system in a two-story house

You should not install more sections of radiators than necessary: this will increase energy consumption, and the effect will be minimal.

Top and bottom wiring

In a house where there is both a basement and an attic, one of two types of wiring can be used: top or bottom. Of course, that in almost any 2-storey house there will be both an attic and a basement.

Features of wiring, depending on their type:

At the top, the coolant will be supplied from the attic, getting into the distributor, and then going down the pipes;
At the bottom, the coolant, respectively, will be supplied from the basement, flowing down.

Of course, it seems logical that it is easiest to use the upper wiring, because in this case the pump will be of the lowest power, and the coolant itself will circulate much faster.
Scheme of a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring

It should be said right away that the coolant does not always mean water: now many owners of private houses also use antifreeze (this will not affect the choice of lower or upper wiring).

But in any case, there are 2 rules that apply regardless of the selected type:

Two-pipe and one-pipe heating system

For small houses, it is better to prefer a two-pipe heating system.

Scheme of the device of a single-pipe heating system

Brief description of the two types of heating systems:

Plastic pipes - the best option for a modern heating system

One-pipe, as you might guess, requires the use of only one centralized line (pipe), regardless of what type of heating is used: water boiler, stove, gas, steam, using an electric boiler or without it, and so on. But there is one problem: the already cooled coolant enters the same pipe with which it was supplied, op to the main riser. It turns out that the lowest radiators will be much colder than the first ones. Consequently, their heating area will also increase, which is good (this implies that such a heating system will require a much larger number of radiators, batteries);
Two-pipe requires complex technical conditions for its installation, but is more efficient. The cooled and hot water circulates through different highways, without touching in any way and without interfering with each other at all. It turns out that all batteries warm up evenly, and the heat does not just go away;
In general, single-pipe is cheap, but far from the most efficient; two-pipe - expensive and complex, but very effective. The dilemma will have to be solved directly by the owner of the building, there's nothing to be done about it.

Installation of the system when planning a warm floor

The main nuances that must be considered when planning the installation of a warm floor:

When installing a warm floor, it is necessary to take into account the type of subsequent finishing

It is very important to choose the right flooring. Highly! For example, if a screed is laid on top of a warm floor (and it is mandatory and will be in any case), and a 10-centimeter parquet is placed on top of the screed, then why is this warm floor needed at all if the efficiency of such a system is zero? All such points must be taken into account;
The underfloor heating pipeline is always and under any circumstances mounted exclusively in the screed of the floor itself. Then usually people ask themselves: what should be its thickness? But experts will be able to answer this question only if they have information about all the initial parameters of the house itself and the power required for the heating circuit;
Even if it is planned to install a warm floor on the ground floor only in some parts, thermal insulation will have to be carried out over the entire surface of the floor, otherwise the heat will go to the basement, thereby wasting energy virtually nowhere and lowering the efficiency of the entire system. Of course, this is provided that there are no living rooms in the basement or no animals are kept. For the second floor, this condition is optional;

By the way, any water supply scheme will work more efficiently if it has natural rather than forced circulation, which is extremely important. How different are heating systems?

The difference will be significant, because here it will be necessary to determine how to properly connect the heating system (for each type of house - differently), is it possible to do it yourself, is it possible to connect devices with very high power in a private house?

The general scheme of the underfloor heating device in the house

Video

You can watch a video where experts talk about how to install a heating system in a two-story house and organize collector heating.

fastbuildings.com

Heating scheme for a two-story house - consider the features using an example

The design of the heating system in modern houses must be carried out at the stage of designing the house itself. So you can understand what materials and in what quantities you need. In addition, it will help to quickly find flaws and fix them. It is important to choose the best option for the heating system, evaluating your financial capabilities, as well as the availability of resources for maintaining the heating system (quantity and quality of fuel, climatic conditions, etc.). The most popular now is the option of water heating, it is best suited for multi-storey buildings. Also read about the heating system - "Leningradka".

Heating scheme for a two-story house

Standard wiring of heating elements in a 2-storey house

Sample wiring of heating elements

Consider the scheme of water heating of a standard building with two floors. It provides for manual temperature control in each individual room of the house. The system is installed in a standard way: using the horizontal placement of two pipes, in which the heating radiators are connected to the side.

For the heating system, it is better to use metal-plastic pipes, due to their strength and durability. But you can also use polypropylene pipes, which will also be a very effective solution. Metal-plastic pipes do not require special installation skills, moreover, there are almost no blockages or dirt sticking inside them. Polypropylene pipes can be assembled by yourself, they are light and reliable.

At the design stage of the system, the required number of corner, adjustable and connecting nodes of the system is calculated, the number and installation locations of taps and plugs are marked. The analysis of the required number of heating radiators and the number of sections in each of them is carried out, the amount of heat given off by the radiator will depend on this in the future. Mounting brackets are installed for each heating radiator, in the quantity determined by the dimensions of the radiator.

There is a designation on the diagram where it is necessary to install a heating boiler, an expansion tank, and a pump in the system. The heating boiler can run on various types of fuel, but the most popular are gas, solid fuel or electricity. In new houses and cottages, solid fuel is almost never used due to its low environmental friendliness.

If the heating boiler is small, then you can install it directly in one of the rooms of the house, in a storage room, for example, or in the owner's workshop. In this case, the boiler is hung on the wall so as not to waste space. It is not recommended to place the boiler in bedrooms or rooms such as a library or office. This is due to the fact that the boiler during operation can emit noise, albeit not loud. Large boilers must be placed in a separate room or even in a separate building.

An example of placing a tank in a house

Tank placement: bottom or top.

If your house has a basement and an attic, then you can make a heating system with a lower piping or a lower one at your discretion.

If the wiring is top, then the boiler is placed in the attic and from there hot water is supplied through the riser to all heating radiators.
If you chose the lower wiring, then the tank is installed in the basement and from there, with the help of a pump, the heated water diverges through the pipes.

Whichever option you choose, the expansion tank is always installed in the highest place in the house, that is, in the attic. With the heating boiler at the bottom wiring, it is connected by a riser.

Heating system with one or two pipes

The heating system with one pipe is a ring. Water from the boiler goes first to one floor, then returns to the tank through another. As a result, the temperature is higher on one floor, lower on the other. To compensate for this phenomenon, larger radiators are installed on the lower floors (where the water is usually not so hot) than on the upper ones. In addition, in a single pipe system, there is no way to turn off one specific heater. It is necessary to turn off the entire system.

Heating system sample

A two-pipe system is more difficult to install, but it has almost no drawbacks. In such a system, two pipes are provided: hot and cold. Entering the radiator, hot water cools down and pours into a cold pipe. In this case, you can block one of the radiators, this will not affect the operation of the others.

Video - heating a house with a boiler

Video - home heating scheme

Video - how to make a warm floor in the house

stroyvopros.net

Heating project for a two-story house: calculation and selection of materials

What can be the heating in a 2-storey house? How to dilute the coolant, what heating devices to use? How to calculate the thermal output of the boiler, and which boiler should be preferred? The article does not claim to be the ultimate truth: it will only state the author's point of view on these problems.

Construction does not end with the erection of walls. We have to think over the heating scheme.

Calculations

How is the water heating scheme of a private 2-storey house calculated?

As a base value of thermal power, 60 watts of heat per cubic meter of volume are taken.
100 watts of heat is added to each window in the outer wall, 200 watts to each door.
Depending on the climatic zone, a regional coefficient is selected:

So, the heating of a 2-storey house with a floor area of 70 meters, a ceiling height of 3 meters, 8 windows and 3 doors, located in Sevastopol, can be calculated as follows:

The volume of the room is (70*3)*2=420 m3.
The basic thermal power is 420*60=25200 watts.
Windows and doors will make their own adjustments: 25200+(8*100)+(3*200)=26600 watts.
The warm climate of the Crimea will reduce the power requirements: 26600 * 0.7 = 18620 watts.

Winter in Sevastopol is not severe.

Similarly, the power of radiators for individual rooms is calculated.

Nuance: do not forget about the area of \u200b\u200bpremises without heaters. If the hallway is heated by batteries in the adjacent room, this battery should be selected according to the total volume of both rooms.

How to convert kilowatts to the number of battery sections? It is enough to divide the rated power of the device by the power of one section, which is always indicated in the accompanying documentation. In its absence, you can focus on the following values:

Wiring

What should be the heating scheme of a 2-storey building - distributing the coolant and connecting heating devices? Here are the two most simple and affordable solutions.

Stand-up with top filling

The coolant rises from the boiler to the supply outlet, located in the attic, and returns to the return pipeline through risers with heating devices. The scheme is attractive, among other things, in that it allows organizing heating of a 2-storey house with natural circulation: with a floor area of up to 50 m2, it will work stably without a circulation pump.

Rack (vertical) scheme.

Double Leningradka

Even simpler and more fault-tolerant is Leningradka, or a barrack-type system. In the general case, it is a ring between the supply and return pipes of the boiler, in parallel to which radiators of the heating system are connected.

In relation to our situation, the heating scheme of a 2-storey building will include two rings. Three extra meters of filling on the second floor will not change the temperature of the radiators in any significant way; however, if you wish, you can be puzzled by balancing the rings by installing a choke that opens the lower ring.

Modification of Leningrad for two floors.

Connecting radiators

Radiators of small length (up to 6-7 sections) are connected quite traditionally - both eyeliners are located on one side.

But with a longer length, one of two alternative schemes is used:

Diagonal - when the supply and return are connected to the right and left, to the lower and upper threads.
From bottom to bottom - when two lower threads are used for connection.

In both cases, it is more convenient to use non-through plugs, but Americans - quick-release connections with a union nut.

Diagonal connection made by American women.

materials

What is the best way to build heating with your own hands? Let's go through its main elements.

Boiler

If your home is gasified, the best option in terms of heating costs is a gas boiler. Desirable - condensation: the use of the full heat of combustion of gas (including the energy that is taken from the combustion products during their condensation) increases its efficiency by 9-11%.

Safety

In a closed system, the so-called safety group is responsible for it - an automatic air vent, a safety valve and a pressure gauge. In addition to them, the circuit is equipped with an expansion tank, which compensates for the increase in the volume of the coolant during expansion. Its volume is taken approximately equal to 1/10 of the total amount of coolant.

Useful: the volume of coolant in a balanced system is usually taken to be 15 liters per 1 kWh of boiler power.

In an open system (most often the gravity heating system of a 2-storey building is made open), the functions of all the devices listed above are assigned to an open expansion tank. It is mounted under the ceiling of the second floor or in the attic. Fillings are laid with a constant slope, so that the air from them is displaced by the coolant into the tank.

Open expansion tank.

Heating appliances

If you are using a heating scheme for a 2-storey house with a solid fuel boiler, cast-iron sectional radiators or registers are preferable. Their significant mass and large internal volume mean that after the fuel burns out, the circuit will cool rather slowly.

In all other cases, the best choice is aluminum sectional radiators.

What is the instructions for?

They have excellent heat dissipation.
Their appearance will fit into the most sophisticated design of the living room.
Finally, the price - from 280 rubles per section - will not seem ruinous to the most economical homeowner.

Pipes

The typical temperature range for autonomous heating is 50-75C at a pressure of not more than 2.5 atmospheres.

Reinforced polypropylene. Reinforcement will significantly reduce the thermal expansion of the material.

The wiring in the photo is made of polypropylene.

Cross-linked polyethylene.
Metal-plastic. Better - with press fittings: compression fittings are very sensitive to the quality of calibration and, with the slightest violation of technology, after a few months they begin to flow through the joints.

Conclusion

Page 2

A significant part of residential and utility rooms is heated centrally, despite the variety of other options. First of all, heating schemes for multi-storey buildings are relevant in the construction of entire microdistricts and small settlements. One boiler house is capable of providing heat to a large number of objects.

The photo shows an apartment building with central heating.

Benefits of Centralized Networks

A distinctive feature of such systems is the location of boiler equipment in a separate building. The coolant is delivered through pipelines that are laid directly along the street to each facility.

Such networks are not arranged with their own hands, since the amount of work being done is very large.

Any heating scheme for a multi-storey building is well thought out by specialists, so serious failures rarely occur.
The operation of such systems is usually carried out on fuel, the price of which is low.
A centralized heating network, as a rule, is serviced by special services, which means that there is no need for performance monitoring.
With this option, it is not necessary to place the boiler within the dwelling, which saves space.

An example of the location of the main elements.

Note! As for the minuses, they include the functioning of the system according to a certain schedule and the inability to individually adjust the temperature regime.

Approximate system structure

Centralized heating in terms of device practically does not differ from autonomous systems. However, the cross section of pipelines in this case is much larger, and the equipment installed in the boiler room is much more complicated.

Demonstrated equipment in the boiler room.

Large and small boiler houses, as well as special thermal power plants, act as a source of heating. In the first case, the coolant acquires a given temperature directly during the combustion of the fuel. In another embodiment, heat is provided by steam. In addition, thermal power plants are capable of generating electricity.
With the help of a network of pipelines, the coolant is transported to the facilities. The diameter of the input and output elements usually reaches 1000 mm. As for laying, it can be done both on the ground and underground.
Heating equipment provides an opportunity to transfer heat to the premises. The main appliances are radiators and heating convectors. They are installed in heated rooms.

The thermal track is above ground.

Reference! One thermal power plant (CHP) allows you to replace several small boilers, in connection with this, construction costs are reduced.

It also frees up a lot of space.

Basic classification methods

Any scheme of the heating system of a multi-storey building can belong to one category or another. Classification of centralized systems can be carried out according to several criteria. You can learn more about them by reading the information below.

Depending on the type of coolant

Liquid networks are most widely used for heating multi-storey buildings. They allow you to deliver the coolant over long distances without a sharp deterioration in quality characteristics.
Steam systems are used much less often, but still occur. They allow the laying of heating pipes with a smaller diameter. This option is mainly used where water vapor is required.

An example of a steam boiler for heating houses.

Based on connection method

Independent networks involve heating the coolant in a special heat exchanger.
Dependent systems involve providing heat directly through pipeline branches.

More about the device

To heat an apartment building centrally, it must be connected to a thermal route that runs from a CHP or boiler house. For this, inlet valves for thermal units are made in the main pipeline.

A simple diagram of an elevator station.

Immediately after the locking elements, mud collectors are installed, which are necessary for the precipitation of salts and metal oxides. Thanks to these devices, you can extend the operating period.

Directly in the house circuit, tie-ins for hot water are made. After them, the main unit should be located - the heating elevator.

System wiring

Usually, the heating scheme in an apartment building assumes the presence of one supply pipe with a lower or upper filling. It can diverge into a certain number of branches that are sent to the building from the basement or attic.

With the lower wiring, pairs of risers are combined using special jumpers located in the attic or top floor. An air vent must be installed at the top point.

A single pipe layout is shown.

The heating system with top filling implies the installation of an expansion tank with an air vent on the technical floor. The valves serve to cut off each riser from the common network.

The correct slope during the installation of pipelines makes it possible, when opening the air vents, to ensure the discharge of the coolant.

The branch with the top bottling has some features.

The temperature of the heating devices decreases with the advancement of the coolant down, so it will be lower on the lower floors. You can compensate for heat losses by installing additional sections of radiators.
Starting the system is quite simple, because for normal operation you only need to open special valves, as well as air vents for a certain time.
Draining the coolant from the risers is somewhat complicated, since it is necessary to first overlap on the technical floor. Only then does the reset open.

Important! The heating system of multi-storey buildings is adjusted by changing the diameter of the elevator nozzle.

That is, when its size changes, the heating level increases or decreases.

Optimization process

When the coolant is delivered from the source to the heating devices, rather large heat losses occur, so certain measures must be taken to maintain the temperature regime.

In fact, there are only two ways out of this situation.

This is how the thermal insulation of heating pipelines is arranged.

Installing equipment with higher efficiency improves the performance of the system.
Additional thermal insulation of pipelines can significantly reduce heat loss.

About the main cons

Any centralized system works according to a certain schedule, so during operation you have to adapt to it. In addition, it is impossible to independently adjust the temperature regime.
The cost of boiler equipment and pipelines is quite high, which means that with poor-quality work, huge amounts of money can be spent.
Work on the installation of centralized heating is very time-consuming, therefore, in the event of an emergency, it will take quite a bit of time to fully or partially restore the system.
Periodic pressure drops in the centralized network can reduce the heating efficiency to some extent.

As a conclusion

Above, an instruction was presented that considers the installation of heating systems in multi-storey buildings, so that apartment owners can evaluate the scale of the centralized network and its effectiveness. If necessary, an autonomous branch can always be created that will maintain the desired temperature in the living room. More information on this topic can be found by watching a special video.

Page 3

Heating of any private house must be done not only correctly, but also in full accordance with the technical conditions of the facility. In this article, we will consider how the heating system of a country house can be organized, and in which case it is best to apply this or that scheme.

Let's start with a key point.

Photo of the heating scheme

Which boiler to choose

Let's break down the features of each solution in the comparison table below.

Boiler type:	Variant features:
Gas	If a main line with this energy carrier is connected to the house, then there is nothing to think about - you need to buy and install a gas heater. If the house is small (up to 150 sq. Meters), then a wall-mounted device is suitable, and if it is a three-story cottage, then it is better to buy a floor version.
Electric	In principle, this is not a very profitable option financially. However, if there is no gas, then there is nowhere to go. Boilers of this type are heating elements and induction. The price of the first products is attractive, however, they do not last very long. Induction, although they are more expensive, they serve not 5-7 years, but about 20.
Solar and solid fuel appliances	They differ in autonomy and the ability to work on fuel like firewood, cones, sawdust, straw, etc. And liquid-fuel units operate either from diesel fuel or from waste oil. The option is pretty good if there is no gas, and there are power outages.

Note! The heating scheme in the house may provide for the joint operation of two boilers at the same time - electric and, for example, solid fuel.

A solid fuel device can be used as a safety net - that is, it turns on at the moment when electricity fails.

Example of a system with simultaneous operation of two different boilers

We figured out the boilers, now let's decide on the equally important elements of the system.

Which pipes and radiators to choose

Heating schemes for a country house usually provide for two pipe options:

Steel lines. They are good because they transfer heat around the entire perimeter of the house, and they are bad because they are difficult to assemble with your own hands, since you need to use a welding machine. In addition, products are afraid of corrosion.

Steel pipes

Plastic pipes. They are easy to install and have no problematic connections. When welding metal, the seams can rust, but the soldered plastic becomes in a sense monolithic, without any risk of leakage.

Main line made of plastic

Note! Plastic heating of a country house - it is quite possible to do it yourself, since no special skills are needed.

In addition, the installation of a plastic highway is quite inexpensive, despite the fact that the result is really durable.

So it turns out that plastic pipes and a gas boiler are the best options. In addition, a gas heater can be purchased not ordinary, but double-circuit for hot water supply.

As for radiators, it is better to use such products for a private house:

Modern cast iron heaters

Tip: with natural circulation, a home heating scheme involves the use of steel or plastic pipes of large diameter. When implementing the first option, the heat is distributed evenly around the perimeter of the premises, and in the second case, the coolant comes to the radiators as hot as possible.

Steel panel radiators. This is the optimal solution for forced heating. The batteries have a good level of heat exchange and contain a small amount of water, due to which the boiler has to heat very little coolant.

Steel appliances

As for bimetallic batteries, it is not advisable to use them for private houses, since the bimetal is designed to work in high pressure lines or where there are strong pressure drops.

However, of course, if this is a heating scheme for a 3-storey building, and even with an underground level, then bimetal is probably worth using. If you plan a large power head.

So, now we will consider specific home heating schemes - we will analyze the options for organizing heating.

Overview of system build options

First of all, the heating scheme of a three-story house and any other is divided into two types:

With natural circulation. This is when the movement of water occurs naturally, without the use of electric pumps - due to a change in the density of the coolant.

The principle of the system with natural circulation

With forced circulation. Here, electric pumps are already used to move the liquid. As you understand, complete autonomy of work in this case is impossible.

forced circulation

Now with regard to the differences depending on the method of piping.

Single pipe system

In such a line, the coolant bypasses all the radiators in series, that is, in turn, and then returns to the boiler. It turns out that colder liquid enters each subsequent battery than each previous radiator.

It looks like a single-pipe heating line

In principle, it is believed that such a home heating scheme is the most feasible with your own hands, since you have to install a minimum of pipes and connections.

However, the disadvantages are obvious - each subsequent heater in the common chain will be less and less hot. The option is suitable for situations with a small initial budget.

Two-pipe line

The bottom line here is that two parallel pipes are connected to each battery - supply and return. That is, two lines are laid along the perimeter of the room - and lines depart from each of them to different sides of the radiator.

The principle of two-pipe circulation

The advantage of this approach is the ability to control the power flow into each individual battery. It is also possible to completely block each heater. In the previous case, it would have been impossible to do this, because the coolant supply to each subsequent device would have stopped.

This type of system is very good, but it will require more pipes and fittings (due to the installation of taps and the creation of additional "turns").

Collector line

The collector circuit of the heating system of a country house - with your own hands is more complicated than all the previous options.

The point is that a special “comb” adapter is installed at the outlet of the boiler, from which a separate pair of supply and return pipes is connected to each radiator.

Here, of course, there is a very large consumption of pipes, but a system of this type is quite convenient to use, since all adjustment is carried out in one place. The best option is to install it in large houses with many rooms and warm floors.

Collector

Important! For a uniform flow of fluid relative to each heater, such a system must be balanced before starting by adjusting the taps on the adapter.

In principle, this completes our review, and now we can summarize.

Conclusion

We have figured out what the heating and hot water supply scheme of a country house consists of, and also examined the principle by which this or that type of heating functions.

We hope that now you will be able to design a truly efficient and profitable heating for your home. If the information seemed not enough, then also watch the video at the end of this article.

Page 4

Water heating is the most efficient and economical home heating system. Various water heating schemes have been developed, and we want to consider their characteristics, advantages and features of operation in a private house.

Heating of the house with natural circulation of the coolant.

Heating with liquid heat carrier

General information

Pipes and radiator batteries are a sure sign of water heating.

The main indicator of the comfort of any housing is the air temperature in it, since a person can live only in a narrowly defined temperature range. However, in the continental latitudes of the northern hemisphere of our planet, the climate is far from this range, and people are forced to use artificial heat sources.

Previously, such a source was an open fire in a cave or a hut, then the fire moved to the furnace located in the house. However, with the growth of the population, the issue of a shortage of firewood and other types of fuel became more and more acute, and a person faced the problem of increasing the efficiency of heating.

The first types of heating were imperfect.

Important! This is how the idea of using a coolant appeared - a substance that plays the role of an intermediary in the transfer of heat from the flame to the air in the house.

The problem is that gases do not conduct heat well, and if you have a large house, you will have to heat the stove for a very long time to warm up remote rooms, while it will be too hot near the firebox, and cold in remote rooms. Therefore, the main task was to supply heat with minimal losses to each room.

A red-hot furnace is not only dangerous, but also inefficient.

At this stage, it is possible to formulate the basic requirements for the coolant:

High thermal conductivity. Necessary for the fastest heating of the coolant;
High heat capacity. This parameter determines the ability of a substance to store thermal energy. It is obvious that the more heat is stored and transferred by the intermediary, the more efficiently the system works;
High mobility. The substance must have such properties that it can be transported indoors without the use of complex technologies;
Availability. The coolant should be inexpensive and available in different regions, since in the event of an accident it will need to be urgently replaced in order to avoid freezing at home;
Safety. The agent substance must not pose a danger to humans and the environment, contain flammable, toxic, explosive or chemically aggressive compounds and substances.

The solution to the problem was in our hands.

Important! The most suitable substance for all the above parameters turned out to be ordinary water, which has the highest heat capacity among liquids, is able to move through pipes and channels under the influence of gravity or pressure, is safe and incredibly widespread.

Thus, the task was concretized: it is necessary to create a scheme in which water will move along a strictly defined route from the furnace furnace to the heating devices.

The principle of operation of the system with a liquid heat carrier.

Important! To put it simply, we need two heat exchangers and a pipe through which water will circulate between them. We install one heat exchanger in the furnace, where the liquid will heat up, and the second in the room, where the coolant will give off the stored energy to the air.

Heating boilers

A boiler is a device for generating heat from burning fuel.

If the source of thermal energy is fuel, then the means of obtaining it is the boiler. This is the heart of any heating system with coolant. The efficiency of all heating depends on the reliability of this device, and in the conditions of Russian winters this is one of the conditions for survival, so the first task is to choose a boiler.

Firewood is one of the most widely used types of fuel in Russia.

The most important criterion here is the availability and cost of the fuel on which the unit will operate.

There are such types of boilers depending on the fuel used:

Solid fuel or wood burning boilers. Firewood, coal, coke, peat, pellets, briquettes and other types of combustible biomass are used;
Gas. Use main, compressed or liquefied natural gas;
Diesel heating boilers. Liquid petroleum products are used: diesel fuel, diesel fuel, various oils, gasoline, kerosene, etc.;
Electrical. Water is heated using a heating element or by the electrode method.

Setting up a modern gas boiler.

If we talk about efficiency in terms of the cost of one kilowatt-hour of heat, as well as the availability and prevalence of fuel, then the undoubted favorites are gas and wood-burning units, the former being the most preferable.

Pictured is a diesel engine.

Important! If your house is connected to the GTS, then you should buy a gas boiler, if the mains are not connected, then you should choose a wood-burning option. Electricity and diesel are too expensive for the average consumer.

Types of systems

With natural circulation

The presence of an open expansion tank at the top indicates natural circulation.

The heating scheme with natural water circulation is the simplest and cheapest, but also the most inefficient system. With a small size of the house and heating areas, this is a completely working option, the construction of which does not require serious calculations and complex installation work.

The principle of operation of such a system is simple: the boiler is installed at the lowest point of the room, preferably in the basement. Water fills the pipeline, which consists of a supply pipe going up from the boiler, then the pipe gradually lowers and passes through all the rooms, and finally returns to the firebox heat exchanger.

Natural circulation system.

When the burner is turned on, the water begins to heat up, expands and rises up the pipe due to the density difference between the hot and cold liquid. Since the circuit is closed, the cold mass of the coolant is displaced into the heat exchanger, and the liquid begins to circulate in the system in a circle, transferring heat from the flame to the radiators.

Expansion tank of open type.

To compensate for the expansion and increase in the total volume of water in the pipes, an expansion tank is installed at the top point. It can be open, since the pressure in the pipes does not matter.

Important! It is necessary to know and take into account the rules for selecting pipe diameters and angles from the slope. It is believed that a slope of 5 mm per linear meter of pipe is enough, a clone is made in the direction of water movement.

Pipe angles and diameters.

For servicing small village houses, such a scheme is quite acceptable. It does not require calculations and is carried out according to the standard “like everyone else” scheme, since the sizes and architecture of houses do not have any special differences. Moreover, the design is relatively easy to assemble with your own hands and requires a minimum of materials.

With forced circulation

The presence of a pump tells us about forced circulation.

A more perfect and efficient heating system is a scheme with forced circulation of the coolant. This solution allows you to speed up the movement of water through the pipes and deliver the still hot liquid to remote areas. The forced movement of water is carried out by a pump built into the pipeline.

Heating device with forced circulation.

Thanks to precisely calculated driving speed, work efficiency is increased, fuel consumption is reduced and indoor comfort is increased. To create complex, branched and multi-circuit systems, forced circulation is necessary.

The construction of such a design will require more serious hydraulic calculations, the selection and installation of a circulation pump, the installation of protection, a closed hydraulic accumulator, pressure gauges and safety valves. At the same time, there are no special requirements for the slope of the pipes.

Pump piping.

Important! During operation, the circulation pump does not create all the pressure that is present in the system. The fact is that the circuit is closed, and the water in it rotates like a wheel, and the pump overcomes only hydraulic resistance and friction, so the energy it consumes does not affect the cost of heating.

Instructions for connecting the pump.

From the calculations it became known that the use of a circulation pump increases the efficiency of work by 25 - 30%. In addition, for the normal maintenance of multi-storey buildings, multi-circuit and collector circuits, the use of forced circulation is necessary. Almost all modern systems use this principle.

Radiator wiring

The type of piping is important.

Another important difference between water heating systems is the type of piping from the boiler to the radiators.

There are three main types of such wiring:

One-pipe scheme. This is the simplest and cheapest model when the heating batteries are connected in series to one pipe. Water enters the first radiator through the supply pipe, passes it and enters the same pipe from which it enters the next device, cooling down as it moves;
Double tube model. A more complex, but also more efficient design, in which the batteries are connected with the input to the supply pipe, and the output to the return pipe, and there is no other communication between these pipes. Parallel connection allows you to evenly warm up all appliances, which increases efficiency and comfort;
Collector-beam connection involves the supply of coolant to the supply distribution manifold, from where pipes diverge to the inlet of each radiator. From the outlets, the pipes return to the return manifold, and from there water enters the boiler. This approach allows you to organize multi-circuit systems of underfloor heating and large houses with many rooms.

Single pipe water supply.

Single-pipe supply organization is suitable for small houses with natural circulation, or for separate rooms - summer kitchens, workshops, saunas, etc.

The two-pipe scheme is considered more efficient due to the uniform heating of the devices, the ability to adjust the temperature in individual rooms, and more precise control of automation. It is suitable for any type of building and is used most often.

Two-pipe feed model.

Collector wiring is the most efficient and advanced, but its price is significantly higher due to the larger number of pipes, the need for additional equipment, fittings, as well as due to complex installation and calculation.

Collector-beam wiring.

Important! Today, the most common are two-pipe and mixed wiring, which can be combined with underfloor heating collectors.

Conclusion

Water heating is the only truly cost-effective heat supply system. At the same time, one must understand that equipment and organization schemes are constantly being improved, and comparing fashionable alternative systems with old types of water heating is absurd and unconvincing. The video will help you better understand this issue.

The heating system of a one-story building does not raise any special questions even among inexperienced, little versed people in this industry. Most imagine how it can be equipped, and therefore only clarify some details that are incomprehensible to themselves. But the heating scheme of a 2-storey private house is more difficult not only to implement, but also simply to understand.

If you have a two-story own house or a country cottage, you want to equip the heating system with your own hands, but do not know where to start, our article will help you solve all the problems that arise.

Variety of options

The main feature is that it is necessary to ensure the rise of the coolant to the second floor, that is, to the height specified by the building project. How to solve this issue - we'll talk in this section.

To begin with, let's decide what kind of equipment and components are required:

boiler;
pipes and batteries;
stop valves;
temperature controllers, other additional measuring devices, control sensors.

The operation of the entire system directly depends on the quality of the components used - so do not skimp on them! Modern, reliable equipment will not only provide you with the microclimate you need, but will also help you avoid emergency situations.

Now let's move on to a variety of schemes used in the arrangement of a heat supply system in two-story buildings.

Proven types of heating schemes

There are several time-tested and many people designs:

with bottom wiring;
with top wiring;
1-pipe system;
2-pipe system;
depending on the type of circulation used - forced or natural;
depending on the position of the risers - traditional, vertical or horizontal (very rare)

Most often there is a scheme that provides for the forced movement of the coolant. It is more efficient, allows you to ensure uniform heating of the entire house. But in addition, you will need to install a special pressure pump and an expansion tank. The boiler can be virtually anything - both gas and solid fuel, and so on.

Which scheme is better?

Most often, it is customary to use a two-pipe scheme, which is characterized by:

universality;
reliability;
economy.

For example, when using a single-pipe option, it will not be possible to ensure the adjustment of the heating level of individual batteries, because in this case all radiators used are connected in series and when the coolant supply to one of them is cut off, all subsequent ones will also receive less heat.

In a two-pipe scheme, each battery involves connecting two separate pipes:

for supplying the coolant;
to take him away.

This also allows for the installation of a control valve on each battery, which will make it possible to control the temperature in any room of your house, and not be tied to the entire building.

The collector type definitely deserves attention - it is more expensive in its arrangement, and therefore not so popular, but it has its positive qualities. Among them is the hidden location of all pipes, which has a positive effect on the interior. The design features are as follows:

the boiler is placed on the first floor;
expansion tank - on the top;
pipes run under the floor, under the ceiling or under the window sills.

Also, a valve can be installed on each battery to control the temperature level in individual rooms.

From the above description, an intermediate conclusion can be drawn - the best option would be to install either a two-pipe or a collector circuit. The first is cheaper, the second is more expensive, but wins from an aesthetic point of view!

On the video - do-it-yourself installation of a two-pipe heating system

Choosing pipelines

The choice of equipment is an important point. Which boiler to use is an individual matter, it all depends on your preferences and financial capabilities. If you are not afraid of heating bills, you can leave gas, and if you want to save money, choose solid fuel or the so-called hybrid, which can run on different types of fuel (gas-electricity, solid fuel-electricity, electricity-liquid fuel, etc. ). You will learn more about hybrid boilers in the article.

A hybrid boiler is an order of magnitude more expensive than a mono-fuel boiler, but in the end it is a real opportunity to always be in a warm house and save on one of the fuels.

If the question of choosing a boiler is individual and we cannot give specific advice, then everything is wrong with pipes for wiring. We are ready to help you with this. So, when choosing pipes, it is important to remember that not only the reliability and durability of the system, but also the rate of heating the room depends on their material.

If you want to achieve a high level of heat transfer, copper pipes are recommended, which, by the way, perfectly resist corrosion, can withstand even high pressure;

A budget option that is common today is metal-plastic models, which, however, are also characterized by high quality and heat dissipation.

Do not forget about the presence of an expansion tank - this is an obligatory element of the circuit that contributes to the safety of the heating system!

You also need to remember that various deposits are not collected inside the metal-plastic models, “congestion” is not formed. Even after a long period of time, your system will work as efficiently as possible!

All other types of pipes are recognized as inefficient, quickly losing their reliability and are not able to provide high-quality space heating for many years.

What else needs to be remembered?

Be sure to take into account all the little things and details. After all, it is necessary to create not only an efficient, but also a durable heating system that will work for at least 25-50 years without requiring major repairs and replacements. It is better to “invest” once, spend a large amount, but enjoy the warmth in the house for the rest of your life!

Moreover, a properly selected scheme, a responsibly made heating system will allow:

create an ideal microclimate in the house even in severe frosts;
qualitatively warm up each separate room;
control the temperature in each room;
reduce the cost of purchasing fuel, energy carriers, because their consumption will be less.

And in general, the absence of any problems in the functioning of the heating system will allow you to avoid unnecessary, unplanned costs.

Radiator heating scheme on video

We have given you the main, most popular options for creating heating in a two-story private house. Such methods will be relevant for country cottages. The drawings presented in the article will allow you to better understand the principles of arranging the system - we are sure that our information will be useful to you and will allow you to avoid unnecessary expenses.

We will talk about how another radiator circuit can be connected to the boiler, say, the circuit of the second floor of the building, and we will also consider how to connect the floor heating circuit.

Radiator circuit connection

After the boiler, the two circuits are separated using collectors on the supply and return, and the radiator circuits of the first and second floors are connected to the collectors.

Do not forget to install shut-off valves directly in the collectors themselves.

Since we have two radiator circuits on the first and second floors, these valves can be used to balance without problems.

Usually you have to press the second floor. Let's take a closer look at what scheme to apply there.

Suppose there is an attic in the house, and heating needs to be carried out there, while only two or four radiators can be connected. In this case, it makes no sense to build the Tichelman scheme, it is enough to supply and return from the first floor and use the usual two-pipe system.

As a result, two small contours were obtained. With this connection, everything will work fine. But if there is a full-fledged second floor and a lot of radiators located around the entire perimeter of the floor, then in this case it is worth connecting the radiators according to the Tichelman scheme.

We get the same connection scheme as on the first floor.

The entire coolant moves in one direction - both supply and return. In this case, it is not necessary to balance on the radiators themselves.

All radiators heat the same at 100% of their power.

How to connect underfloor heating to the system

The warm floor is connected by a separate third circuit, and the collector will have to be installed already on three outputs.

Even for tying a warm floor, you will need a collector, a separate circulation pump and a mixing unit. As a result, we got such a scheme for connecting three separate circuits.

If the house is large enough, the ground floor has an area of more than 100 m², it is likely that the built-in circulation pump in the boiler will not cope and will not provide normal circulation for the entire heating system.

Then you have to replace the boiler piping. See how best to do it. To do this, you need distribution manifolds for supply and return. At the beginning, we connect the underfloor heating circuit with our mixing unit to the collector.

Then a second circulation pump is installed on the collector, to which we install a collector for two outputs at the supply.

We also put it back.

We connect the circuits of the first and second floors to these collectors.

Thus, we connected two radiator circuits to a separate circulation pump. Next, we connect them to the boiler. It turns out this scheme:

It turned out three circulation pumps - two on the distribution manifold and one in the boiler. There may be conflict between them. They can interfere with the normal operation of the system, so it is worth installing a bypass between the boiler and the distribution manifold.

Due to the built-in bypass, a zero pressure difference between supply and return is obtained. Do not forget to install gate valves on the manifolds to balance the system and additional automatic air vents on the manifolds themselves.

If the area of the second floor is also more than 100 m², then it is better to connect the second floor to a separate circulation pump.

If before that a bypass was installed between the boiler and the distribution manifold, it is better to put a small hydraulic arrow.

We connect everything back to the boiler, put ball valves with union nuts and return filters, as well as an automatic air vent on the hydraulic arrow itself.

In some cases, an automatic air vent must also be installed on the circuits themselves after the distribution manifold. If your pipes immediately go up after the distribution manifold, you can not install an air vent, but if the pipes immediately go down, it is better to put automatic air vents on the supply and return lines.

You can install them using ordinary tees.

Do not forget about the drain valve on the hydraulic gun. Thus, with this scheme with a hydraulic arrow, all pumps operate independently of each other. For example, in early autumn, only the underfloor heating circuit can be turned on, the rest of the circuits will be turned off. Then, in addition, you can turn on the radiator circuit of the first floor. A thermostat can be additionally installed in the second floor radiator circuit pump, and the pump will automatically turn on and off depending on the set temperature.

In this scheme, a wall-mounted boiler is used, but sometimes you have to install a floor boiler.

Connection option for this circuit with a floor boiler

Typically, floor-standing boilers are single-circuit, for heating only, without a hot water circuit. These boilers additionally have to be equipped with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.

In 90% of cases, an indirect storage boiler for hot water has to be installed to the floor boiler.

In this case, a hydraulic arrow and a distribution manifold with separate pumps are needed.

It can be added that some kind of backup boiler can be connected to the finished circuit. There are quite a number of such schemes.

Many engineering companies already offer ready-made solutions, they can also find some suitable scheme for themselves.

All rights to the video belong to: Marat Ishmuratov

4 351

It is extremely necessary for the construction of a house to have an accurate solution for the heating system, since it is associated with the comfort of residents when it is cold. The heating scheme is obliged to make heating the building of problems. This is due both to the exact selection and to the correct installation work.

The following must be available: a boiler for heating, a collector, a pipeline and a heating unit. Water in such a system circulates with the help of. Gas, kerosene, firewood, coal are used to warm up the boiler. This is also possible when using electricity or other alternatives.

Heating scheme with forced circulation

They are connected using soldering at high temperatures using solder that contains silver. Optionally, you can hide the pipes in the walls, which will be quite beautiful and convenient. The disadvantage of such pipes will be their considerable cost, but this disadvantage is the only one. Such pipes are very reliable and recommended. If properly installed, they can last for generations of residents. There will be no need to replace or repair pipes. This type of pipe is of high quality and quite reliable.

They have their advantages - they are convenient for installation, which even an installer without a specialized education can do, which will provide significant financial savings. In polymer pipes, there is no sedimentation inside, which means that these pipes will not clog very quickly and will be resistant to corrosive processes. The installation of such pipes occurs when using threaded or press-type connections without the use of welding. The disadvantage is a rather high rate of thermal expansion. This may cause a leak.

When, you need to think about the type of pipes that are most suitable for this building, taking into account alternative and emergency heating. It goes without saying that many factors have a material basis. But the best solution would be not to save on the heating system. This factor will affect living conditions in winter and whether residents will be able to enjoy living in comfort and warmth.

The advice of professionals is to choose copper piping. Such a pipeline will be able to serve for a long time and reliably for its owners for a couple of generations. The price of such a pipeline will be higher, but the reliability will also be higher.

In buildings with two floors, the following schemes for heating distribution are most often used: collector, two-pipe and one-pipe.

Using the scheme is quite difficult to carry out adjustment. This is due to the fact that it is not possible to shut off one of the radiators, provided that all other heating devices are in operation. For this reason, when hot water is transferred from one radiator to another, it loses more and more temperature.

Single pipe wiring diagram

The wiring diagram is best suited for houses with two floors.

Two-pipe wiring diagram

Due to the fact that each heating device has two pipes. Hot water flows through one. Cooled water flows through the second. Another difference between this system and a single-pipe system is a different procedure for connecting heating devices. Professionals advise installing a regulating tank in front of all radiators.

For normal circulation in the building, the distance between the center of the boiler and the highest point of the supply line is sufficient. Under such conditions, it is possible to install an expansion tank on the floor above, and not in the attic. The supply pipe is laid at the bottom of the window sill or under the ceiling.

If a two-pipe type scheme with a natural circulation condition is used, this requires additional heating of all heating.

For this reason, additional installation with a circulation pump is recommended. This will give tangible time savings when turning on a similar system, like a heating model for a house with two floors. Under such conditions, heat will be more evenly distributed in the building.

In addition to installing batteries, in a house with two floors and when using a boiler with a built-in circulation pump, it is possible to install a “warm floor” system. It is also possible to connect a towel dryer on two floors at once.

Heating scheme with underfloor heating

When working on installation, it will be best to use or collector. This system is the most convenient and it is possible to adjust the temperature in all rooms. For all heating devices, two pipes are laid: return and direct. Collectors are mounted on all floors. It is important that they are in the closet, which is intended for this. All the shut-off valves are located in the same cabinet.

Provides the ability to implement a heating scheme with a hidden type of pipes. Installation is quite simple. For this reason, it can be produced even by an employee in the absence of professional skills.

Water-type heating can be carried out on one floor, and even at the same time on all. The boiler is recommended for installation only on the lower floor. On the second floor it is already possible to mount an expansion tank.

It is desirable that the pipes through which hot water flows are laid from below the window sill or under the ceiling. These will be the most vulnerable points for cold air. It will be important to install a separate tap for adjustment on all batteries.

When choosing a heating model, you will also need to make the right decision. Related to this is the extent to which it will be convenient for residents in frosty weather, the service life of the entire system and the frequency of the requirement for repair or replacement of pipes and other factors. If the choice turns out to be wrong, with plans for quick financial savings, it may be that there will be a constant need for repairs, replacements, hiring builders. This, in turn, will bring in cash. For this reason, there can be no question of financial savings.

The best solution would be to install high quality pipes, radiators and everything else at the very beginning. It is possible that at the moment all this will be more expensive, but at the same time there will be a long period of work and as a result it will be more economical in the future. A properly designed heating system for a two-story home using sustainable, good quality materials can last for generations.

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