Shgn pump for the oil industry device. Information project for oil and gas industry workers and students of oil and gas educational institutions. Rules for arranging sucker rod strings and replacing rods in a string
ADB— aerated drilling fluid.
AHRP— abnormally high reservoir pressure.
ANPD— abnormally low reservoir pressure.
ACC- acoustic cement meter.
ATC- motor transport shop.
BGS- quick mix.
BKZ— lateral logging sounding.
BKPS- block cluster pumping stations.
BSV— drilling wastewater.
BPO- production service base. Auxiliary maintenance shops (repair, etc.)
BOO- drilling rig.
VGK— water-gas contact.
VZBT- Volgograd plant of drilling equipment.
HDM- screw downhole motor.
WRC- high-calcium solution.
VKG— internal gas-bearing contour.
VNKG— external contour of gas-bearing.
WPC— internal oil-bearing contour.
VNKN- the outer contour of the oil-bearing.
VIC- assembly shop.
VNK— oil-water contact.
ERW— impact of pneumatic explosion.
RRP- viscoplastic (Bingham) fluid.
GRP- water distribution point.
GGK— gamma gamma logging.
GGRP— deep-penetrating hydraulic fracturing.
GDI— hydrodynamic studies. Study of the state of the well.
GZhS- gas-liquid mixture.
GIV- hydraulic weight indicator.
GIS— geophysical survey of wells.
GZNU- group metering pumping unit. Same as GZU + DNS. Now they are moving away from this, only the old ones have survived.
GZU— group metering installation. Measurement of the flow rate of liquid coming from the mustache.
GC— gamma ray logging.
GKO- clay treatment.
GNO— deep pumping equipment. Equipment submerged into the well (pump, rods, tubing).
STS- main oil pumping station.
GSP- hydro-sandblasting perforation.
YPL— gas-flushing liquid.
GPZ- Gas Processing Plant.
GPS- head pumping station.
hydraulic fracturing— hydraulic fracturing.
fuel and lubricants- fuels and lubricants.
GSP- group collection point.
GTM— geological and technical measures. Measures to increase the productivity of wells.
GTN- geological and technological outfit.
GTU— geological and technological conditions.
GER- hydrophobic emulsion solution.
CSN- booster pumping station. The flow of oil from wells through the GZU along the mustache to the BPS for booster to the commodity park. It can only be boosted by liquid pumps or with partial processing (separation of water and oil).
DU- acceptable level.
ESG- unified gas supply system.
JBR- reinforced concrete tank.
ZSO- zone of sanitary protection.
ZCN- downhole centrifugal pump.
KVD— pressure recovery curve. Characteristics when the well is put into operation. Change in pressure in the annulus over time.
HLC is the level recovery curve. Characteristics when the well is put into operation. Change in the level in the annulus over time.
CIN— oil recovery factor.
KIP- control and measuring devices.
CMC- carboxymethyl cellulose.
KNS- cluster pumping station.
To- overhaul.
KO- acid treatment.
CRBC— cable rubber armored round.
cattle — . Repair after "flights of equipment", violations of the casing, costs an order of magnitude more expensive than the PRS.
KSSB— condensed sulfite-alcohol stillage.
KSSK- a complex of shells with a removable core receiver.
LBT- light-alloy drill pipes.
LBTM— light-alloy drill pipes of coupling connection.
LBTN— light-alloy drill pipes of nipple connection.
IGR- low clay solutions.
WMC- modified methylcellulose.
MNP- main oil pipeline.
MNPP— main oil product pipeline.
MCI- overhaul period.
MRS- the mechanism for arranging candles.
EOR- a method of increasing oil recovery.
NB- drilling pump.
NBT— three-piston drilling pump.
NGDU— oil and gas production department.
NGK— Neutron gamma-ray logging.
NKT- tubing. Pipes through which oil is pumped out at production wells, and water is pumped at injection wells.
NPP- oil pipeline.
NPS- oil pumping station.
OA- cleaning agents.
OBR— treated drilling fluid.
OGM- Department of the chief mechanic.
OGE- department of the chief power engineer.
OOS— environmental protection.
WOC- waiting for the cement to harden.
FROM— treatment of the bottomhole zone.
OTB- safety department.
OPRS— waiting for underground workover of the well. The state of the well in which it is transferred from the moment a malfunction is detected and shut down until the repair begins. Wells from the pilot well to the pilot well are selected by priority (usually - well flow rate).
OPS- pre-discharge sump.
ORZ(E)— equipment for separate injection (operation).
OTRS— waiting for the current workover of the well.
surfactant- surface-active substance.
PAA- polyacrylamide.
surfactant- surfactants.
PBR— polymer-bentonite solutions.
MPE— maximum allowable emission.
MPC- maximum permissible concentration.
PDS- maximum allowable discharge.
pancreas- washing liquid.
PZP— bottomhole formation zone.
PNP— enhanced oil recovery.
PNS— intermediate oil pumping station.
RPL— pseudoplastic (power-law) liquid.
PPR- planning and preventive work. Works on the prevention of faults in wells.
teaching staff- intermediate pumping station.
PPU- steam plant.
AT- rock cutting tool.
PRS- underground well repair. Repair of underground well equipment in case of malfunctions.
PRTSBO— rental and repair shop of drilling equipment.
PSD- design and estimate documentation.
RVS— vertical steel cylindrical tank.
RVSP- a vertical steel cylindrical tank with a pontoon.
RVSPK— vertical steel cylindrical tank with a floating roof.
RIR- repair and insulation works.
RITS— repair engineering and technical service.
RNPP- branched oil pipeline.
RPAP— electric bit feed regulator.
RTB— jet-turbine drilling.
RC- repair cycle.
SBT- steel drill pipes.
SBTN— steel drill pipes of nipple connection.
SG- a mixture of tars.
FROM TO— solar-distillate processing. Well treatment.
Maintenance and PR system— system of maintenance and scheduled repair of drilling equipment.
SQOL- liquid counter. Meters for liquid measurements directly on the wells to control measurements at the GZU.
SNA— static shear stress.
LNG- liquefied natural gas.
SPO- lowering and lifting operations.
PRS- sulfite-alcohol stillage.
SSC- a projectile with a removable core receiver.
T- Maintenance.
MSW- municipal solid waste.
TGHV— thermogas-chemical effect.
TDSH— torpedo with a detonating cord.
TC- backfill composition.
MSW— torpedo cumulative axial action.
THEN- Maintenance.
TP- commodity park. Place of collection and processing of oil (same as UKPN).
TP- technological process.
TRS— current workover of the well.
TEP— technical and economic indicators.
EEDN— group of Techniques and Technologies of Oil Production.
UBT— hot-rolled or shaped drill collars.
UBR— management of drilling operations.
ultrasound— ultrasonic flaw detection.
UKB— installation of core drilling.
UKPN— installation of complex oil treatment.
USP- precinct collection point.
UCG- weighted oil well cement.
USC- weighted slag cement.
USHR- carbon alkali reagent.
UPG— gas treatment plant.
UPNP— management of enhanced oil recovery.
UPTO and CO— management of production and technical support and equipment configuration.
UTT- management of technological transport.
USHGN— installation of a sucker rod pump.
ESP- installation of an electric centrifugal pump.
HKR- calcium chloride solution.
CA- cementing unit.
CDNG- oil and gas production shop. Fishing within the framework of NGDU.
CITS— central engineering and technical service.
CKPRS— workshop for overhaul and underground workover of wells. A workshop within the framework of the OGPD that performs workover and workover.
CKS— well casing shop.
TsNIPR— shop of research and production works. Workshop within the framework of NGDU.
CPPD— reservoir pressure maintenance shop.
CA- circulation system.
DSP- central collection point.
SHGN— sucker rod pump. With rocking chair, for low-rate wells.
SHPM- tire-pneumatic clutch.
SPCA- slag-sand cement of joint grinding.
ESU- electro-hydraulic shock.
ERA- electro-hydraulic repair unit.
ECP— electrochemical protection.
ESP- electric centrifugal pump. For high yield wells.
Rod downhole pumping units (SHSNU) are designed to lift reservoir fluid from a well to the surface.
Over 70% of the operating well stock is equipped with downhole pumps. With their help, about 30% of oil is produced in the country.
At present, SHSNU, as a rule, is used in wells with a flow rate of up to 30 ... 40 m 3 of fluid per day, less often up to 50 m 3 at average suspension depths of 1000 ... 1500 m. m 3 / day.
In some cases, pump suspension can be used to a depth of 3000 m.
The drive is designed to convert the engine energy into reciprocating motion of the sucker rod string.
Rod downhole pumping unit includes:
a) ground equipment - pumping unit (SK), wellhead equipment, control unit;
b) underground equipment - tubing (tubing), pumping rods (SHN), sucker rod pump (SHSN) and various protective devices that improve the operation of the installation in difficult conditions.
Rice. 1. Rod downhole pumping unit:
1 - foundation; 2 - frame; 3 - electric motor; 4 - cylinder; 5 - crank; b - cargo; 7 - connecting rod; 8 - cargo; 9 - rack; 10 - balancer; 11 - mechanism for fixing the head of the balancer; 12 - balancer head; 13 - rope suspension; 14 - polished rod;
15 - wellhead equipment; 16 - casing string; 17 - pumping and compressor pipes; 18 - column of rods; 19 - deep pump; 20 - gas anchor; 21 - polished rod seal; 22 - pipe coupling; 23 - rod coupling; 24 - deep pump cylinder; 25 - pump plunger; 26 - discharge valve; 27 - suction valve.
A pump cylinder is lowered into the well on the tubing string under the liquid level. Then, on the pump rods, a piston (plunger) is lowered into the tubing, which is installed in the pump cylinder. The plunger has one or two valves that open only upwards, called pop-up valves. The upper end of the rods is attached to the head of the rocker balancer. To direct fluid from the tubing to the oil pipeline and prevent its spill, a tee is installed at the wellhead and a stuffing box above it, through which the stuffing box is passed.
Upper stem, called a polished rod, is passed through the stuffing box and connected to the head of the balancer of the pumping unit using a rope suspension and a traverse.
plunger pump is driven by a pumping unit, where the rotational motion received from the engine using a gearbox, a crank mechanism and a balancer is converted into a reciprocating motion transmitted to the rod pump plunger through the rod string.
When the plunger moves up under it, the pressure decreases, and the liquid from the annular space through the open suction valve enters the pump cylinder.
When the plunger moves down the suction valve closes, and the discharge valve opens, and the liquid from the cylinder passes into the riser pipes. With continuous operation of the pump, the liquid level in the tubing rises, the liquid reaches the wellhead and overflows through the tee into the flow line.
Drives PO "Uraltransmash"
Conventional designation of drives on the example of PShGNT4-1.5-1400:
PShGN - drive of sucker rod pumps;
T - the reducer is installed on the pedestal;
1.5 - the maximum stroke length of the wellhead rod is 1.5 m;
1400 - the highest allowable torque on the driven shaft of the gearbox;
Lecture No. 2
Purpose, types, design and marking of borehole
Rod pumps.
Downhole rod pumps are designed for pumping liquid from oil wells with water cut up to 99%, temperature up to 130°С, hydrogen sulfide content not more than 50 mg/l, water salinity not more than 10 g/l.
Borehole pumps are of vertical single acting design with fixed cylinder, movable metal plunger and ball valves. Pumps are manufactured in the following types:
1) HB1 - plug-in with a lock at the top;
2) HB2 - plug-in with a lock at the bottom;
3) NN - non-inserted without catcher;
4) HH1 - non-inserted with a gripping rod;
5) HH2 - non-inserted with catcher
| Rice. 2. Non-inserted borehole pumps |
The HH1 pump consists of a cylinder, plunger, discharge and suction valves. In the upper part of the plunger there is a discharge valve and a rod with a sub for the rods.
A suction valve is freely suspended from the lower end of the plunger by means of a tip on the gripping rod. During operation, the valve is seated in the seat of the body. Hanging the suction valve from the plunger is necessary to drain the fluid from the tubing before lifting them, as well as to replace the valve without lifting the tubing. The presence of the gripping rod inside the plunger limits the length of its stroke, which in HH1 pumps does not exceed 0.9 m.
In the HH2C pump, unlike the HH1 pump, the discharge valve is installed at the lower end of the plunger. To remove the suction valve without lifting the tubing, a catcher (bayonet lock) is used, which is attached to the discharge valve seat. The catcher has two curly grooves for engagement. A spindle (short stem) with two thickened studs is screwed into the suction valve cage. After the suction valve is seated in the body seat, by turning the rod string 1-2 turns counterclockwise, the spindle studs slide along the catcher grooves and the suction valve is disconnected from the plunger. The capture is carried out after the plunger is seated on the spindle when the rod string is rotated clockwise.
The NNBA pump allows forced withdrawal of fluid from wells through tubing, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the plunger.
This is achieved by its special design - the presence of an automatic coupler, including a coupler and gripper, and a drain device. The assembled pump without a coupler is lowered into the well on the tubing. Then a hitch with a measuring rod is lowered on the bars. The clutch pushes the spool of the drain device down and engages with the grip attached to the plunger, while the drain hole closes. When lifting the pump, raise the rod string. At the same time, the gripper pushes the spool up, opening the drain hole. After that, the hitch is separated from the grip and the column of rods rises freely.
Insertion pump cylinder(see Fig. 3) is lowered inside the pipes on the column of rods and mounted on them using a special locking connection. This allows the insertion pump to be changed without running in and out of pipes. But with the same diameters of the plungers, the plug-in pump requires the use of tubing of a larger diameter.
Downhole pumps of NV1S version are designed for pumping low-viscosity liquid from oil wells.
The pump consists of a composite cylinder on the lower end of which a double suction valve is screwed, and on the upper end - a plunger lock movably located inside the cylinder, on the threaded ends of which are screwed: a double discharge valve from below, and a plunger cage from above. To connect the plunger to the pump rod string, the pump is equipped with a rod screwed onto the plunger cage and secured with a lock nut. In the bore of the upper sub of the cylinder there is a stop, resting on which the plunger ensures the downhole pump is torn off the support.
Downhole pumps NV1B. These pumps, in terms of purpose, design, and operating principle, are similar to the pumps of the NV1S version and differ from them only in that the whole cylinders of the Central Bank version are used as a cylinder, which are characterized by increased strength, wear resistance and transportability compared to the cylinders of the TsS version.
Downhole pumps of the HB2 version have a field of application similar to that of the downhole pumps of the HB1 version, however, they can be lowered into wells to a greater depth.
| Rice. 3. Downhole pumps |
A stop nipple with a cone is screwed onto the suction valve. At the upper end of the cylinder there is a safety valve that prevents sand from settling in the cylinder when the pump is stopped.
A plunger with a pressure valve at the lower end and a plunger cage at the upper end is movably mounted inside the cylinder. To connect the pump plunger to the pump rod string, the pump is equipped with a rod screwed onto the plunger cage and locked with a lock nut.
A stop is located in the bore of the upper end of the cylinder.
The pump is lowered into the tubing string on the sucker rod string and fixed in the support by the lower part with the help of a thrust nipple with a cone. This fastening of the pump allows you to unload from pulsating loads.
This circumstance ensures its application at great depths of wells.
cylinders borehole pumps are produced in two versions:
® CB - one-piece (sleeveless), thick-walled;
® TsS - composite (sleeve).
The cylinder of the bush pump consists of a casing in which bushings are placed. The bushings are fixed in the casing with nuts.
The bushings are subjected to a variable internal hydraulic pressure caused by the pumped liquid column and a constant force resulting from the end compression of the working bushings. Bushings of all pumps with different internal diameters have the same length - 300 mm each.
The bushings of all pumps are made of three types: alloyed from steel grade 38HMYUA, steel from steel grades 45 and 40X, cast iron grades SCh26-48.
Alloy bushings are made only thin-walled, steel - thin-walled, with increased wall thickness and thick-walled, cast iron - thick-walled.
To increase the durability, the inner surface of the bushings is strengthened by physico-thermal methods: cast iron bushings are hardened by high-frequency currents, steel bushings are nitrided, cemented, nitrated. As a result of this treatment, the hardness of the surface layer is up to 80 HRc.
The machining of bushings consists of grinding and honing. The main requirements for machining are a high class of accuracy and cleanliness of the inner surface, as well as the perpendicularity of the ends to the axis of the bushings.
Macrogeometric deviations of the inner diameter of the sleeve should be no more than 0.03 mm. The flatness of the end surfaces must provide a uniform continuous spot on the paint of at least 2/3 of the bushing wall thickness.
Seamless cylinders are a long steel pipe, the inner surface of which is working. In this case, the pipe plays the role of both the cylinder and the casing at the same time. Such a design is devoid of such disadvantages as leakage between the ends of the working bushings, curvature of the cylinder axis. This increases the rigidity of the pump and makes it possible to use a large-diameter plunger with the same outer diameter compared to a sleeve pump.
Plunger the deep pump is a steel pipe with an internal thread at the ends. For all pumps, the plunger length is constant and is 1200 mm. They are made of steel 45, 40X or 38HMYUA. According to the method of sealing the gap between the cylinder and the plunger, a distinction is made between fully metal and rubber-lined plungers. In a pair of metal plunger - cylinder, the seal is created by a normalized gap of great length, in rubberized ones - due to cuffs or rings made of elastomer or plastic.
Currently, plungers are used (Fig. 4):
a) with a smooth surface;
b) with annular grooves;
c) with a helical groove;
d) with annular grooves, a cylindrical bore and a beveled end in the upper part (“sand breeze”);
e) collar plungers;
e) rubberized plungers.
a - smooth (version G); b - with annular grooves (version K); c - with a helical groove (version B); g - type "sand shave" (version P); d - cuff, rubberized plunger; 1 - plunger body; 2 - self-sealing rubber ring; 3 - swelling rubber rings.
Sucker rods
Pump rods are designed to transfer reciprocating motion to the pump plunger (Fig. 5). They are made mainly of alloyed steels of round section with a diameter of 16, 19, 22, 25 mm, a length of 8000 mm and shortened - 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000 and 3000 mm for both normal and corrosive operating conditions.
Rice. 5 - Sucker rod
Rod code - ШН-22 means: pump rod with a diameter of 22 mm. Steel grade - steel 40, 20N2M, 30KhMA, 15NZMA and 15Kh2NMF with a yield strength of 320 to 630 MPa. Sucker rods are used in the form of columns made up of individual rods connected by couplings.
Rod couplings are produced: connecting type MSH (Fig. 6) - for connecting rods of the same size and transfer type MSHP - for connecting rods of different diameters.
To connect the rods, couplings are used - MSH16, MSH19, MSH22, MSH25; the figure means the diameter of the connected rod along the body (mm). Ocher Machine-Building Plant JSC manufactures pump rods from uniaxially oriented fiberglass with a tensile strength of at least 800 MPa. The ends (nipples) of the rods are made of steel. Rod diameters 19, 22, 25 mm, length 8000 - 11000 mm.
Rice. 6 – Sucker rod coupling:
a - execution I; b – execution II
Advantages: 3-fold weight reduction of the rods, reduction of energy consumption by 18-20%, increased corrosion resistance with a high content of hydrogen sulfide, etc. Continuous rods "Korod" are used.
Oil production with rod pumps is the most common method of artificially lifting oil, which is explained by their simplicity, efficiency and reliability. At least two thirds of the existing production wells are operated by SRP units.
Concrete pumps have the following advantages over other mechanized methods of oil production:
have a high efficiency;
· carrying out repairs is possible directly at the fields;
· different drives can be used for prime movers;
· SRP units can be used in complicated operating conditions - in sand-producing wells, in the presence of paraffin in the produced oil, with a high GOR, when pumping out a corrosive liquid.
Rod pumps also have disadvantages. The main disadvantages include:
limitation on the depth of pump descent (the deeper, the higher the probability of rod breakage);
Low pump flow
restriction on the inclination of the wellbore and the intensity of its curvature (not applicable in inclined and horizontal wells, as well as in highly deviated vertical ones)
A deep-well rod pump in its simplest form (see figure on the right) consists of a plunger moving up and down a well-fitting cylinder. The plunger is equipped with a check valve that allows fluid to flow upwards but not downwards. The non-return valve, also called a poppet valve, in modern pumps is usually a ball-and-seat valve. The second suction valve is a ball valve located at the bottom of the cylinder and also allows liquid to flow upwards but not downwards.
Rod pump refers to a positive displacement pump, the operation of which is provided by the reciprocating movement of the plunger with the help of a ground drive through a connecting body (rod string). The top bar is called polished stem, it passes through the stuffing box at the wellhead and is connected to the balance head of the pumping unit using a traverse and a flexible rope suspension.
The main units of the USHGN drive (pumping unit): frame, stand in the form of a truncated tetrahedral pyramid, 6 balancer with a swivel head, a traverse with connecting rods hinged to the balance bar, a gearbox with cranks and counterweights, are equipped with a set of interchangeable pulleys to change the number of swings. For quick change and tension of belts, the electric motor is mounted on a rotary slide.
Automated group metering units (AGZU)
AGZU - Automated Group Measuring Unit- metering unit for automatic determination of oil well flow rates.
Automated group metering units are used in the following areas: pressure systems for collecting oil well products and automated control systems for oil production technological processes.
The installation consists of two blocks: technological and instrumental. The technological block contains:
measuring separator (separation tank);
· PSM multi-way switch of wells;
liquid counter;
flow regulator;
hydraulic drive;
shutoff valves;
Hydraulic drive unit
The hardware block contains:
· Control block;
indication block;
· power unit.
Principle of operation. The production of wells through pipelines connected to the unit enters the switch of wells of the multi-way PSM. With the help of the PSM switch, the production of one of the wells is sent to the separator, and the production of the remaining wells is sent to the common pipeline. The separator separates the gas from the liquid. The released gas enters the common pipeline (through the gas flow sensor), and the liquid accumulates in the lower separator tank. With the help of a flow regulator and a damper connected to a float level gauge, a cyclic passage of the accumulated liquid through the meter at constant rates is ensured, which ensures well flow rate measurement in a wide range. Well switching is controlled by the control unit according to the established program or by the operator.
Excursions
June 27, 2015 we, under the leadership of Ziganshin S.S. went to Almetyevsk for a training drilling rig. There were competitions between several drilling crews.
July 6, 2015 we went to the lab OOO Bashneft-Petrotest. They are engaged in analyzing oil for composition, density and other parameters. Natalya Viktorovna told us about this in detail. We were also told about the main environmental problems in the oil and gas industry and their solutions.
July 7, 2015 we went to bush No. 1262 NGDU "Tuymazyneft", which is located in the 25th microdistrict (not far from the hydrogen sulfide clinic). There we were met by the operator of the 5th category Trontov A.V. He, together with our leader Ziganshin S.S. told about the device and principle of operation of the SRP, about the main responsibilities of the operator.
| Trontov A.V. and Ziganshin S.S. explain the principle of operation of the SRP |
July 9, 2015 we were in the Production Department "Arrangement and maintenance of fields" Targin Mechanoservice (Oktyabrsky shop), located at st. Severnaya 2. Director Khalikov Azat Venerovich met us there. This company is engaged in the repair of oilfield devices (drill pumps, such as a multiphase pump, SRP, ESP, etc.). The enterprise carries out repairs both on site and in its workshop.
The tour was led by a mechanic, a recently graduated student, Mikhail.
The tour was led by drilling foreman Valiullin Aidar Faritovich. There we were told about the process of drilling a well, supplying water to the well to clean it from drill cuttings.
This is where our tour ended.
Conclusion
During the training practice, we went on excursions led by Ziganshin S.S. He told us a lot and in detail about the work of drillers, the principles of operation of mud pumps, sucker rod pumps, automated group metering units, and safety rules at the drilling rig. During the practice, we learned a lot of new things not only about the principles of operation of certain installations, but also about the hard work of an oilman.
List of used literature and materials
1) Development of natural gas fields: Textbook for universities. 2011;
2) Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “safety rules. Safety rules in the oil and gas industry. PB 08-624-03, Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, 2015;
3) Instructions for drilling directional wells from well pads at oil fields in Western Siberia. RD 39-0148070-6.027-86;
4) Kontorovich A.E., Nesterov I.I., Salmanov F.K., et al. Geology of oil and gas in Western Siberia. -M.: Nedra. - 2010. - 680 p.;
5) Fundamentals of well drilling technology, textbook, Dmitriev A.Yu.;
6) Driller's Handbook, Yu.V. Vadetsky, 2008, Moscow, Publishing Center "Academy";
7) Internet source, http://gazovikoil.ru/index.php?id=253, accessed August 4, 2015;
8) Internet source, http://vseonefti.ru/upstream/shtangovyi-nasos.html, accessed August 4, 2015.
Call for practice (letter of guarantee).
Director of the branch of FGBOU VPO
"UGNTU" in Oktyabrsky
Professor V.Sh. Mukhametshin
Dear Vyacheslav Sharifullovich, the oil company OJSC Surgutneftegaz guarantees the internship of a 2nd year student Lev Sergeevich Gerasimov in the specialty "Operation and maintenance of oil and gas production facilities" for a period from June 29 to August 1. The company guarantees paid practice, as well as accommodation in a hostel.
General Director of the enterprise: (full name)
(Signature)
Summary
Gerasimov Lev Sergeevich
Place of residence (registration): Russian Federation, Republic of Bashkortostan,
Belebeevsky district, Priyutovo settlement, st. Sverdlova, house 13, apt. 32
1. Types of SRP, description, decoding of standard sizes, design features, technical characteristics, determination of the performance of SRP. Rod pumps (hereinafter - pumps) are a single-acting vertical design with ball valves, a fixed cylinder and a metal plunger. Designed for pumping out from oil wells liquid having the following parameters: temperature - no more than 130 0 C, water cut - no more than 99% by volume, viscosity - no more than 0.3 Pa * s, water salinity - up to 10 g / l, water content mechanical impurities - up to 1.3 g / l, the volume content of free gas at the pump intake - no more than 10%, hydrogen sulfide - no more than 200 mg / l and the concentration of hydrogen ions - pH = 4 - 8. There are separate types of pumps made to order , with operating parameters higher than typical, for example, pumps with a chrome-plated inner cylinder coating.
According to TU 26-16-06-86, rod pumps of the following types are manufactured:
HB1 - plug-in with a lock at the top,
HB2 - plug-in with a lock at the bottom,
NN - non-inserted (pipe) with a knock-off valve,
HH2 - non-inserted with catcher.
NV1B-32-30-15-2 is a sucker rod pump with the following characteristics:
Plug-in with a lock at the top,
One-piece thick-walled cylinder,
Nominal plunger diameter – 32mm,
Plunger stroke - 3000m,
Landing group - 2.
2. The main reasons for the failures of USP.
Bar break
Leaks through leaks in tubing couplings, which are constantly subjected to variable loads
- decrease in the useful stroke of the plunger in comparison with the descent of the suspension point of the rod due to elastic deformations
pump rods
Leaks between the cylinder and the plunger, which depend on the degree of wear of the pump and the presence of abrasive
impurities in the pumped liquid
Leaks in the pump valves due to their slow closing and opening and mainly due to their wear and
corrosion
- high sand content of pumped liquid (sand, getting into the deep pump, leads to wear and tear
pairs of friction "cylinder-plunger", valves, in some cases causes jamming of the plunger in the cylinder and
breakage of rods. In addition, an excessive amount of sand in the production leads to the deposition of part of it at the bottom of the wells, the formation of sand plugs, and a decrease in productivity. Various filters are applied
screwed to the pump foot valve., sand anchors. In the sand anchor, the liquid changes direction by 180", the sand separates and accumulates in a special pocket at the bottom of the anchor.
When filling the pocket with sand, the anchor is removed to the surface and cleaned. The condition for the effective operation of a sand anchor is the existence of an ascending fluid flow velocity lower than the sand particle settling velocity.
Salt deposits on the IVNKT pump units;
Asphalten-resin-paraffin deposits in tubing and sucker rods;
Strong curvature of wells
Corrosion of oilfield equipment.
High Viscosity and High Waxy Oils
Topic 7
Scheme of a rod well pumping unit.
2. Pumping units.
Wellhead equipment.
Pump rods (ShN).
Rod borehole pumps ShSN.
Symbols of borehole rod pumps.
7. Design of borehole pumps.
8. Castle support.
pump performance.
Safety rules for the operation of wells with rod pumps.
Scheme of a rod well pumping unit
The cessation or absence of flowing led to the use of other methods of lifting oil to the surface, for example, by means of sucker-rod pumps. Most wells are currently equipped with these pumps. The flow rate of wells is from tens of kilograms per day to several tons. Pumps are lowered to a depth of several tens of meters to 3000 m, sometimes up to 3200 - 3400 m.
SHSNU includes:
a) ground equipment - pumping unit (SK), wellhead equipment, control unit;
b) underground equipment - tubing (tubing), pumping rods (SHN), sucker rod pump (SHSN) and various protective devices that improve the operation of the installation in difficult conditions.
Rod deep pumping unit (Figure 7.1) consists of a borehole pump 2 plug-in or non-plug type, sucker rods 4 , tubing 3 suspended on a faceplate or in a pipe hanger 8 wellhead fittings, stuffing box seal 6 , stuffing box 7 , rocking machine 9 , foundation 10 and tee 5 . A protective device in the form of a gas or sand filter is installed at the well pump intake. 1 .
Rice. 7.1. Scheme of a rod pumping unit
1 - shank; 2 - downhole pump; 3 - tubing; 4 – sucker rods; 5 - wellhead fittings; 6 - wellhead gland; 7 - polished rod; 8 - rope suspension; 9 - rack; 10 - foundation.
2. Pumping units
The pumping unit (Figure 7.2) is an individual drive of the borehole pump.
Figure 7.2 - Pumping unit type SKD
1 - wellhead rod suspension; 2 - balancer with support; 3 - rack; 4 - connecting rod; 5 - crank; 6 - reducer; 7 - driven pulley; 8 - belt; 9 - electric motor; 10 - drive pulley; 11 - fencing; 12 - rotary plate; 13 - frame; 14 - counterweight; 15 - traverse; 16 - brake; 17 - rope suspension.
The main components of the pumping unit are a frame, a rack in the form of a truncated tetrahedral pyramid, a balance beam with a swivel head, a traverse with connecting rods hinged to the balance beam, a gearbox with cranks and counterweights. The SC is completed with a set of interchangeable pulleys for changing the number of swings, i.e. the regulation is discrete.
For quick change and tension of belts, the electric motor is mounted on a swivel sled.
The pumping unit is mounted on a frame mounted on a reinforced concrete base (foundation). The fixation of the balancer in the required (uppermost) position of the head is carried out with the help of a brake drum (pulley). The head of the balancer is hinged or swivel for unimpeded passage of tripping and downhole equipment during underground well workover. Since the head of the balance bar moves along an arc, there is a flexible rope suspension for its articulation with the wellhead rod and rods. 17 . It allows you to adjust the fit of the plunger in the pump cylinder to prevent the plunger from hitting the suction valve or the plunger leaving the cylinder, as well as to install a dynamograph to study the operation of the equipment.
The amplitude of movement of the head of the balancer (stroke length of the wellhead rod - 7) is regulated by changing the place of articulation of the crank by the connecting rod relative to the axis of rotation (relocation of the crank pin to another hole). For one double stroke of the balancer, the load on the SC is uneven. To balance the work of the pumping unit, weights (counterweights) are placed on the balancer, crank or on the balancer and crank. Then the balancing is called, respectively, balancing, crank (rotor) or combined.
The control unit provides control of the SC electric motor in emergency situations (breakage of rods, breakdown of the gearbox, pump, pipeline break, etc.), as well as self-starting of the SC after a power outage.
For a long time, our industry produced pumping units of standard sizes SK. Currently, according to OST 26-16-08-87, six standard sizes of pumping units of the SKD type are produced, the main characteristics are given in table 4.
