Church of the Life-Giving Trinity at the former Cherkasy almshouse

This decision was made at a meeting of the Interdepartmental Commission on the provision of subsidies from the budget of the city of Moscow, in which the Chairman of the Financial and Economic Administration of the Russian Federation took part Orthodox Church Metropolitan Mark of Ryazan and Mikhailovsky.

To date, documents have already been submitted to obtain a permit to carry out work. Once all the paperwork is properly completed, the contractor will go to the site.

Restorationobject cultural heritage “Complex of almshouses on the Petersburg highway” of the Imperial Humane Society, XIX - early. XX centuries, arch. N.I. Finisov, N.A. Voskresensky, I.P. Mashkov - The building of the almshouse of the book. N.A. Cherkasova with Temple in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity, 1858, architect. N.I. Finisov, 1888, architect. N.A. Voskresensky, 1898, architect. I.P. Mashkov" at the address: Leningradsky Prospekt, 16, building 1., started back in 2015.

Then work was carried out to waterproof the foundations of the temple and open the pits. The fact is that there was water in the basement of the temple for many years. But thanks to the Subsidy Program, this issue was finally resolved.

This year, 2016, is planned following works: restoration of white stone and brick plinth; covering pits; restoration of white stone and brick under-roof cornices; repair and restoration of the roof, drums; installation of drainage and lightning protection systems.

Parish history

In 1853, the hero's widow Patriotic War 1812 of Nikolai Cherkassky, Nadezhda Cherkasskaya (an ancient family of Cherkassky-Bekovichs) purchased with her own funds country house from the imperial architect Osip Bove. And then she asked for a written blessing from Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow for the construction, according to the approved estimate, of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity and with it an almshouse for elderly single and poor women.

The stone church and almshouse were erected in 1856. The temple is subordinate to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, so the parish was cared for by the monks of the monastery. The “nuns” of the almshouse were at full content and had the opportunity to visit the temple.

After the death of the widow Cherkasskaya, who was buried in the church with her husband, the rich merchant Nikolai Spiridonov took over the almshouse for his full support. He donated his own funds to maintain the almshouse. Under him, the number of those in need increased. In addition, a vocational school for girls from poor families was established here. The almshouse began to be called the Spiridonievsky shelter for incurable patients.

After the merchant Spiridonov died, he was buried in the basement of the altar part of the temple. And the patron’s widow took charge of the parish. And in 1888, at her own expense, she erected a chapel in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (architect N. A. Voskresensky). The consecration of the chapel took place on October 15, 1888. Instead of wooden buildings, the benefactor approved three two-story brick almshouse buildings in the pseudo-Russian style (architect Mashkov). Construction was completed at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1893 wooden porch The church was replaced by a stone porch with a belfry (architect P.P. Zykov-son). At the beginning of the 20th century, the temple gained independence. Since 1908, the almshouse was guided in its management by the Imperial Humane Society Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna.

After the revolution, the authorities began to close home churches, but services in the Trinity Church were still allowed for some time. The parishioners tried to prove that the church was not a house church, since it was “located in a building completely separate from the Lenin-Krupskaya almshouse.” The inhabitants of the almshouse also sent a letter to the Butyrsky Council of Deputies asking not to close the temple. Nevertheless, on October 18, 1921, the temple was sealed. In 1923 it was finally closed, the almshouse was abolished, and the nuns were expelled. The rector of the church and confessor of the almshouse, Archpriest John Milovidov, together with his family, were repressed. The premises were given to the Krupskaya Mother and Child Home. Then Lesgaft’s laboratory was located here. The domes of the church were dismantled and the window casings were lost. Since 1950, the buildings of the church and the almshouse housed the district children's clinic, the reception department of the Children's Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 12 of the Central Administrative District of Moscow.

In the early 2000s, after many appeals from believers, the premises of the temple were returned to the Orthodox Church. The first restoration work was carried out with great difficulty. Since 2003, worship services have resumed. From the same time temple complex became a “newly identified object of cultural heritage of Moscow”: “the building of the almshouse of Princess N.A. Cherkasskaya with the Temple in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity, 1857, architect N.I. Finisov, 1888, architect N.A. Voznesensky, 1889, architect I.P. Mashkov."

Even side.
Next to the tobacco factory of the Gabai merchants, which I wrote about in the last part, there was a plot(1041) merchant Eliseev Grigory Grigorievich, owner of the famous store on Tverskaya Street. in Moscow. This magnificent dacha stood on his property.

Grigory Grigorievich acquired this plot on Petersburgsky between 1897 and 1901, because in the directory “All Moscow” for 1897 he is not yet mentioned, but in the same directory for 1901 he is already listed as the owner of the site. The Elisevs themselves lived in St. Petersburg and did not use the dacha, so I will not write about the Elisevs here; so much has been written about them, anyone who needs to can easily find articles and books about this family. And we’ll talk about those whom Eliseev allowed to live here.
Grigory Grigorievich Eliseev was the owner of the Gavrilovsky stud farm, which was located in the Ekaterinoslav province of the Bakhmut district near the station. Druzhkovka (now Donetsk region). The chief manager of this Eliseev stud farm was V.V. Longinov. , with whom Grigory Grigorievich was friends. The Longinov family did not have their own home in Moscow, so Eliseev allowed them to live at his dacha.
Longinov Vitaly Vasilievich- active state councilor, nobleman, retired cornet of the hussar regiment, horse breeder.

Vitaly Vasilyevich lived in this house with his family until his death in 1910. Whether anyone else lived at this dacha later is unknown, but the plot belonged to Eliseev until 1917, in 1901 this house was listed at No. 24, and after the change house numbering in the early 1910s, under No. 26.


House No. 14. A residential building on the site of Eliseev's dacha was built according to individual project architect N.D. Colley in 1926, this is one of his first works. The avant-garde style building has a “P” plan with a courdonier sandwiched between the wings.


Colley Nikolay Dzhemsovich(1894-1966) - a famous Soviet architect, a descendant of Russified Scots (hence his exotic patronymic, usually replaced by the familiar Yakovlevich). He was born into the family of a merchant of the 1st guild and public figure Yakov (James) Andreevich Colley, director of mining enterprises, member of the Moscow City Duma and hereditary honorary citizen.

He studied from 1912 to 1922, first at MUZHVZ, then at VKHUTEMAS. He worked under the leadership of Shchusev, Zheltovsky, the Vesnin brothers and others. He supervised the construction of the famous Tsentrosoyuz building on Myasnitskaya Street, participated in the design of the Chistye Prudy, Park Kultury metro stations, etc. Completed projects for the Izvestia plant, the TASS building, the Bolshoi Stone Bridge, etc.
The residential building of the New Moscow cooperative is the first housing cooperative in the city; it was built during the NEP years, with money from the Nepmans, and they were the original residents of the house.

In 1937-38 NEPmen began to be densified, turning most of the apartments into communal apartments.

In 1954, the house was built on 1-3 floors according to the design of N.N. Selivanov.


Behind the buildings of house No. 14, in the depths, a wooden house has been preserved.


Eliseev's dacha was demolished, but this inconspicuous little house, built by no one knows when or by whom, continues to stand.

House No. 16 c1 and c2 . You can judge what a section of the St. Petersburg highway looked like at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century from the surviving buildings of the Cherkassy almshouse. And although you can get to her site through the gate next to this wooden house, we will enter the almshouse through the main gate, standing along Leningradsky Prospekt.

Previously, the dacha of the famous architect was located on this site Osip Ivanovich Bove.

Bove O.I. (1784-1834) became famous for many remarkable buildings, one of them, the Triumphal Arch, stood nearby, on Tverskaya Zastava Square.
After the death of Osip Ivanovich, his widow in 1856 sold the plot to the widow of Prince Cherkassky N.N. - hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Nadezhda Alekseevna, who subsequently set up an almshouse in a wooden house “for females of all ranks.” The almshouse was run by the Imperial Humane Society.
Exact year The foundations of the almshouse are unknown, so now, in connection with an economic dispute about the ownership of the buildings on this site, an opinion has emerged that originally Prince. Cherkasskaya built a temple at her house, i.e. it was a house church, and only later the house and church became an almshouse...
In 1958, the architect Finisov N.I. To wooden house The stone Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was built. The temple was subordinate to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. In 1888, the chapel of St. Nicholas was added to the temple (architect. Voskresensky N.A.).


In 1893, the wooden porch of the church was replaced by a stone porch with a belfry, which was demolished during Soviet times. It is visible on old surviving drawings (architect P. P. Zykov).

Entrance to the crypt of the temple, where the burials of the princes of Cherkassy and the merchant Spiridonov are located.

In 1898, according to the design of the architect I.P. Mashkov, a brick building with many small decorative details in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century. At the same time, he reconstructed and expanded the temple, adding a stone building of an almshouse to it.


Mashkov Ivan Pavlovich - architect, restorer, urban planner, researcher of ancient Russian architecture, professor of architecture. The son of a peasant blacksmith from the Lipetsk district was born either Sokolov or Evdokimov. Reference data is contradictory. And our hero had a different middle name from birth - “Mikhailovich”. However, in adolescence he was adopted by a local merchant, after which he appeared to the world as I.P. Mashkov.

View from the end of the building.


The central part of the almshouse.

Nearby, according to the design of the same Mashkov, in the same style, another building was built in 1901, funds for which in the amount of three hundred thousand rubles were donated, according to one source, by the merchant’s wife, p.p.gr. Vera Bogdanovna Spiridonova, according to others, her husband is a merchant, p.p.gr. Nikolay Spiridonov, in In any case, the building was built at the expense of the Spiridonovs.
The caption under the photo is erroneous; in fact, this is the building of the Spiridonievskaya almshouse.


A women's craft school and workshop were opened in this building.
In Soviet times, a residential building was attached closely to the facade of this building, and it itself was built on with another floor. Modern look buildings.

After the revolution, in the early 1920s, the temple was closed and the almshouses were disbanded.

In 1922, there was a Mother and Child Home there, which bore the name of Lenina-Krupskaya, and since 1928 - an outpatient clinic named after P.F. Lesgafta.

During Soviet times, various medical institutions were also located in the building of the church and almshouse.

When I was a child, building No. 1 housed the children’s hospital where I was hospitalized. I remember a huge room with high ceilings, many beds and a nurse's table in the middle. Here they are, my 3 windows on the far left on the 1st floor in the mezzanine.


Until the early 2000s, the building housed a children's clinic, and in the altar of the temple there was an X-ray office. Now the temple building and the 2nd building have been transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church, there is a struggle for the rest of the clinic premises, anyone interested can read it.
The wonderful ancient fence of this site has been preserved to this day on the side of the avenue.

House No. 18 . The residential building was built in 1956 according to the design of the architect N.N. Selivanov. In those years he was the tallest on the avenue.


The building was built for employees of the USSR Prosecutor General's Office. The façade of the house is decorated with half-columns and bas-reliefs.


The side wings of the building are decorated with a beautiful balustrade with flowerpots.

Continuation.

The almshouse was built at the expense of Princess Nadezhda Cherkasskaya (the widow of the hero of the war of 1812, Prince Nikolai Cherkassky). In the first third of the 19th century. in these places there were holiday villages and pasture fields. Princess Cherkasskaya bought the dacha of Peter Bove, built a house with a stone foundation, and next to the house was the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. The temple was subordinate to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, it was cared for by the Lavra brethren, and regular services were held here. An almshouse was also set up at the temple, where a number of elderly women, either sick or destitute, were cared for. They were fully supported and had the opportunity to visit the temple. At first there were about 15 people living as dependents. After the death of the princess, the successful merchant Nikolai Spiridonov took full ownership of the almshouse. He donated his own funds for the maintenance of the almshouse, and under him the number of people receiving care increased. In addition, a vocational school was also established here for girls from poor families, where they were taught how to work. (material from an interview with the rector of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity of the Patriarchal Metochion, Father Alexander (Antipov)).

In 1923, the church was closed, the priest, Archpriest John Milovidov, was repressed, and the almshouse was disbanded. Already under Soviet rule, the building was occupied by a district health center for some time, and then it housed a clinic. Currently, the temple has been transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

In 1853, the widow of the hero of the war of 1812, Nikolai Cherkassky, Nadezhda Cherkasskaya (an ancient family of the Cherkasskys - Bekovichs) purchased a country dacha from the imperial architect Osip Bove with her own funds. I asked for a written blessing from the first Member of the Holy Synod, Metropolitan of Moscow St. Philaret (Drozdov), in order to build, according to the approved estimate, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity and with it an almshouse for elderly women of non-property status. Women were fully supported and had the opportunity to visit the temple. At first there were about 15 people living as dependents. In 1856, a stone Temple was built, and with it an almshouse. The temple was subordinated to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and was cared for by the Lavra brethren. After the death of the widow N. Cherkasskaya, who was buried with her husband in the church, the successful merchant Nikolai Spiridonov took over the almshouse for his full support. He donated his own funds for the maintenance of the almshouse, and under him the number of people receiving care increased. In addition, a vocational school was established here for girls from poor families, where they were taught how to work. The almshouse began to be called the Spiridonievsky shelter for incurable patients. After the death of the merchant Spiridonov, who was buried in the basement of the altar part of the Temple, his widow erected in 1888, with her own funds, a chapel in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (architect N. A. Voskresensky). The consecration of the chapel took place on October 15, 1888. Instead of wooden buildings, she erected three two-story brick almshouse buildings in the pseudo-Russian style (architect Mashkov); construction was completed at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1893, the wooden porch of the church was replaced by a stone porch with a belfry (architect P.P. Zykov-son). At the beginning of the 20th century, the temple gained independence. Since 1908, the Almshouse was guided in its management by the Imperial philanthropic care for the poor society (Grand Prince St. Elizabeth Feodorovna, abbess of the Marfo-Mariinsky monastery).

After October Revolution The authorities began to close home churches, but services in the Trinity Church were still allowed for some time. In order to prevent the closure of the temple, the parishioners tried to prove that the church was not a house church, since it was “located in a building completely separate from the Lenina-Krupskaya almshouse.” The inhabitants of the almshouse also sent a letter to the Butyrsky Council of Deputies asking not to close the temple. However, on October 18, 1921, the temple was sealed. In 1923, the temple was finally closed, the almshouse was abolished, and its inhabitants were expelled. The rector of the church and confessor of the almshouse, Archpriest John Milovidov, together with his family, were repressed. The premises were given to the Mother and Child Home. Krupskaya. Then Lesgaft’s laboratory was located here. The domes of the church were dismantled and the window casings were lost. Paintings from the early 20th century, as well as burials, have been preserved. Since 1950, the buildings of the church and the almshouse housed the district children's clinic, the reception department of the Children's Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 12 of the UZ of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow.

In the early 2000s, after many appeals, the premises of the temple, occupied by a children's clinic, were transferred to the Orthodox Church. Restoration work was carried out with great difficulty, and services resumed in 2003. Since that time, the temple complex has been a newly identified object of cultural heritage of Moscow - the building of the almshouse of Princess N.A. Cherkasskaya with the Temple in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity, 1857, architect N.I. Finisov, 1888, architect N.A. Voznesensky, 1889 ., architect I.P. Mashkov. Architectural pseudo-Russian or Russian-Byzantine style(Historical Museum, Chernigov Monastery of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, etc.). The church partially preserves paintings from the early 20th century, as well as burials in ground floor under the altar.

http://holy-trinity.ru/history.html

In 1858, at the expense of Prince Cherkassky, a temple was built at the Cherkasy and Spiridonov almshouses (architect N.I. Finisov). In 1888, the southern chapel of St. Nicholas was built according to the design of architect N.A. Voskresensky. In 1921, the church was closed and the almshouse was transformed into a Mother and Child Home. In subsequent years, there was a clinic and allergy center of the Children's Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 12 here. In February 2000, the building was transferred to the Church. The Moscow Center of the International Commonwealth of Orthodox Youth "Syndesmos" was created at the temple.

From the book "GOLDEN-HEADED MOSCOW". Monasteries, temples, shrines. Guide. Moscow UKINO "Spiritual Transfiguration" 2007

The historical name is “Church of the Life-Giving Trinity at the almshouse named after. book N.A. Cherkasskaya.”
In the first third of the 19th century. in these places there were holiday villages and pasture fields.

In 1856, Princess Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Cherkasskaya (the widow of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Prince Nikolai Cherkassky) bought the dacha of the architect Osip Bove.

On this site, an almshouse with a stone foundation was built, and at the almshouse, with the blessing of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was built (1858, architect N.I. Finisov. 1886, architect N.A. . Voskresensky).

The temple was subordinated to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, it was cared for by the Lavra brethren, and regular services were held here.

The almshouse set up at the temple looked after a number of elderly women - either sick or destitute. They were fully supported and had the opportunity to visit the temple. At first there were about 15 people living as dependents.

After the death of Princess Cherkasy, N.N. became the trustee of the almshouse. Danilov. And after his death in 1893 - S.A. Stepanov, under whom the old almshouse building was rebuilt and a new one was built large body at the expense of the widow Vera Bogdanovna Spiridonova (1901, architect I.P. Mashkov). At her request, the department was to bear the name of her late husband, Alexander Semenovich Spiridonov. In addition, at the same time, a vocational school for girls from poor families was established at the almshouse, where they were taught sewing.

In 1921, the church was closed, the rector, Archpriest John Milovidov, and his family were repressed, and the almshouse was disbanded. Already at Soviet power The building was occupied for some time by the District Health Department, and then it housed a clinic.

The temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 2003-4. Under the altar in the ground floor there is a necropolis in which the benefactors of the temple are buried.