The most ancient languages that are still used today. The most ancient languages of our world. What about Russian?

(quote from the book "Revelation of the Prophetic Cat")

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBES DEPENDING ON THE VOWEL LETTER K.M. SYLLABARIA (from ancient times).

At first, attention was drawn to another interesting feature of the Cypro-Minoan syllabary. If we arrange the syllabic meanings of K.M. syllabary separately for each vowel in the order of alternation of letters adopted in modern dictionaries, for example, in Russian, then it is possible to obtain defining “legends” that characterize the functions of tribes united under one vowel letter.

“A” is a tribe of priests.

A-WA-ZA-KA-LA-MA-NA-PA-RA-SA-TA-YA-KSA

ABAZA/ABYZ “priest” - KALAM “feather” - ANA “mother/maternal” - PARASAT “understanding; intellect” - AYA “heavenly” - KSA 1. “virgin” 2. “bird” /or YA KSA “bird’s nest”, by the way, the Tajiks trace their origins from the “bird’s nest”/. “A” - the penitent form of the Turkic language is characteristic of Azerbaijanis. In Slavic languages, this feature is characteristic of the Bulgarian language. It can be assumed that they lived closely together during a certain period of antiquity.

“E” is a tribe of warriors (defenders).

E-VE-ZE-KE-LE-ME-NE-PE-RE-SE-TE-YE-XE

EB/ЁВ “enemy, foe” - HEDGEHOG “villain”; EVUZ “the most evil” - KELEMEN(E) “I will come” - PERE/BERU “give; give” - SETE/SHET “border, outskirts” - YE “house” - KSE(N) “fetters; shackles”, /possibly also meaning YY KESENE/kipch./ “funeral structure (house of the buried)”/.

“I” is a tribe of seamstresses (weavers) - virgins.

I-VI-KI-LI-MI-NI-PI-RI-SI-TI

IVY/IBA “modesty” - KILIM “carpet” - INI/INE “needle” - PIRI/PERI /tale/ “virgin maiden” - CITY/SIDK “loyalty, devotion”/ CHIT “chintz”/ SHIT “cotton seeds” ” (cf. the fairy tale “Maiden of the Cotton Seed”) / CHITA “Cheetah” (symbol of purity and devotion). Images of a cheetah are found on petroglyphs, ceramics, etc. “I” is the kayaking Turkic language of the Yakuts, Tatars, and Bashkirs. Among the Slavs - among the Ukrainians. Cheetah and leopard are the totem of the population of ancient Çatalhöyük, as well as the Polan (Bulon) tribe. The etymology of the name of the city of Chita is curious.

“U” is a tribe of healers.

U-KU-LU-MU-NU-PU-RU-SU-TU

UKULU/ YGILU /Kaz./ “to grind; rub”; UKALA (MOK)/uzb./ 1. “massage, massage; mash"; 2. “rub; rub”; 3. “grind, rub. rub” - MUNU/MOYIN “neck”/EMEN “oak” (cf. the name of the island DILMUN). EMEN = EAT “medicine for treatment” + EN “best” - PURU/BYR “bud (plant)”/PIR “elder; sage; spiritual mentor” - SUTU/SUT 1. “milk” 2. “milky sap of plants.”
“U” - a repentant Turkic language has yet to be found (the candidate is Uzbek). Among the Slavs it suits the Poles perfectly. Lech (Polyakh) - this is how Poles are often called, which in many European languages means “doctor”.

“O” - the tribe of hunters (worldly) - the mother tribe for all tribes.

O-VO-ZO-KO-LO-MO-NO-PO-RO-SO-TO

Translation from Uzbek -
OV 1. “hunting, catching/hunter” 2. “object of hunting (game; beast)” -
- OZOK/OZUKA/OZIK 1. “food, provisions, provisions, edible supplies.”
/Wed. OVOZO/OVOZA “glory, fame” and MARA/MEREY, see “MA”/.
- OLOMON “crowd” (mass of people);
OILA “family, family” - OM “general, universal, affecting everyone”; OMMA “of the masses (people)” - SHE “mother/maternal”;
OLAM 1. “universe, world” 2. trans. “light, earth, peace” 3. “peace (certain circles of society)” - SHE is “mother/maternal”.
- PORO/STEAM “pair; two”, /cf. SING “one of the paired items”/; /PORA 1. “piece, part” 2. “shard”;
/BOYAR “to know” /cf. “poyarok” - fleece/.
- SOTO/SHODA “bundle (of homogeneous objects)”; SAUAT “letter”;
SAUYT “vessel” (PARSAUYT “double vessel” - see “RO”).
“O” - the final dialect of Turkic is characteristic of the south of Kazakhstan, Uzbeks and part of the Kyrgyz. In Slavic languages it is found in northern Russia.

These are the characteristics that differentiate tribes according to a certain type of activity. But the most important thing is that, as I said at the beginning of my work, these characteristics have been laid down since ancient times, and I can now prove this very simply.

Since the Upper Paleolithic era, in many ancient cultures known as the Willendorf-Kostenki block of cultures, figurines and images of the so-called are known. matrons (“mother goddesses”).
I believe that these images and figurines, for the most part, imply not just the image of an abstract “matron”, but the SINGLE FOREMORTHER of very SPECIFIC GREAT TRIBES (!).
The differentiation of these ancestral tribes occurs according to a similar pattern, already observed in K.M. syllabaries (division by vowel sounds).
Let's select the most indicative figurine in this regard -
Matrona from Kostenki [p.266, fig.102, Paleolithic USSR, 1984]. Let's pay attention to the plump belly with the navel-nose, breasts-eyes, reproductive organ-mouth and armpits-ears. On the back there is a butt in the shape of a heart and a kind of belt with a spine branching from it (in the shape of a tree).

Fig.1. Matrona from Kostenki. Fig.2. Vowel signs.

Compare consonance:
IStomach, IISodor, IISKEsmell.
KOLK arm, KOLTY Karmpit, KYLAK ear.
ORSHUR to multiply, ORІSpasture, pasture – this implies the feeding of the ancestor in the form of a horse. Wed. AThorse, ATAgrandfather.
YURAKheart – must correspond to ORFAspina (in Uzbek).
And only the “eyes-chest” pair is represented by the word “ANTA”, which implies twinning through the institution of antship. Two eyes - two circles are the symbol of weddings to this day!
To the left of the matron is a drawing from I.E. Gelb’s book “Experience in the Study of Writing.” It has already been mentioned in the work. The drawing in the book is given the title: “Writing proper names in the Uruk period” [p.72, fig.30]. Here there is a man sniffing a branch (IISKEU), and a ram from whose ear wax is collected (KYLAK), and a feeding goat (OPIS), and bird droppings in a nest (ANTA), and a domed burial structure with two snakes - a symbol of the Amazons ( UGUR = U-GUR “poison of the grave”). We remind you that in Chatal Huyuk the sacrificial knife, the handle of which was made of two snakes, had two holes in the form of an Argyn tamga.
Now we know that these drawings are not proper names. These are the initial vowels of the most ancient Turkic syllabary. They also fit our K.M. syllabary.
These signs from the writing of early Uruk are not the only ones of their kind. From ancient times to the Middle Ages, they lived in different cultures and in different styles: in Andronovo, Samuska, Krotovo, Volosovo, the Babashov burial ground in Central Asia, the Volga Bulgar burial ground...
There are cultures that place emphasis on one element, say “smell,” as in the Ghasul culture. Using these features, you can easily find out who lived where in ancient times, for example, Proto-Indian - these are the Belurgians, etc.
After all, the most important thing is to have clear guidelines, and now we have them.
And now I turn, finally, to the holy of holies of minoistics - the far less mysterious Phaistos Disc.
To enlarge the font, I will use 16 point, because... The translation of the Phaistos Disc should look clear.
TO BE CONTINUED...
© Izyashchev T.P., 2016
(from the book "Revelation of the Prophetic Cat", ISBN 978-601-06-3798-6
Certificate of state registration of rights to a copyright object No. 1952 dated September 19, 2016)

This post could be called “Slavs in the mirror of a vowel letter”, because by the vowel letter you can calculate where a particular Turkic people lived, with the main vowel letter in pronunciation. But this event will occur much later, according to my calculations in 5508 BC, when the ancestors of the Slavic peoples will create their own languages. Let me remind you that the post is talking about approximately 25 millennium BC.
© Izyashchev T.P., 2016

The development of language is reminiscent of biological evolution - it happens every minute, generation after generation, so it is difficult to determine where one language ends and another begins, developing from it. Thus we cannot say that one language is more ancient than another; they are all the same age as humanity. And yet, each of the languages described below has something special - something ancient - that sets them apart from the crowd.

Oldest of the Living

Hebrew

Hebrew has an interesting situation, since it almost fell out of use around 400 AD. and was used only in worship by Jews around the world. However, after the rise of Zionism in the XIV - XX centuries. Hebrew underwent a process of revival and became the official language of Israel. Although the modern version differs from the biblical version, Hebrew speakers fully understand everything written in the Old Testament and related books. Since the mother tongue of the first speakers of modern Hebrew was often Yiddish, modern Hebrew has much in common with this other Jewish language.

Tamil

Spoken by about 78 million people and the official language of India, Sri Lanka and Singapore, Tamil is the only ancient classical language that has survived into modern times. It belongs to the Dravidian family, which includes languages primarily spoken in the southern and eastern states of India. Researchers have found inscriptions in Tamil that date back to the third century BC, and it has been in continuous use since then. Unlike Sanskrit, another ancient Indian language that fell out of common use around 600 BC. and almost became used only for worship, Tamil continued to develop and is now the 20th most spoken language in the world.

Lithuanian

Most European languages belong to the Indo-European language family, but they began to separate from each other around 3500 BC. They developed into dozens of other languages, including German, gradually losing the features common to them all. However, one of these languages, which belongs to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family, more than the others, retains the features of a language that linguists call Proto-Indo-European (PIE), which they suggest was in use around 3500 BC. It is not known why, but Lithuanian has retained more PIE sounds and grammatical rules than its other linguistic counterparts, and therefore can be called one of the most ancient languages in the world.

Farsi

Have you ever heard of Farsi? Farsi is spoken today mainly in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. You may have heard, and, probably, in connection with this, your imagination draws a picture of a genie emerging from a bottle. In essence, it is the same language, just under different names. Farsi is a direct descendant of Old Persian, which was the language of the Persian Empire. Modern Persian emerged around 800 AD, and what distinguishes it from many modern languages is that it has changed relatively little since then. Today's Persian speakers can take, for example, a text written in 900 AD. and read it with even less difficulty than a native English speaker might read, say, Shakespeare.

Icelandic

Icelandic is another Indo-European language that belongs to the Scandinavian branch (for comparison, English also belongs to the Germanic languages, but to the West Germanic branch). Many Germanic languages have, over the course of their development, lost some of the features that their other Indo-European counterparts have, but Icelandic has developed much more conservatively and has retained many of these features. The reign of Denmark in the country from the 14th to the 20th century. also had little influence on Icelandic, so it has changed little since the Vikings brought it with them when they settled the area, and Icelandic speakers can easily read sagas written centuries ago.

Macedonian

The Slavic language group, which includes Russian, Czech and Croatian, among others, is relatively young. They began to separate from their common ancient ancestor, the Common Slavic (or Proto-Slavic) language, when Cyril and Methodius introduced language standards, creating what is today called Old Church Slavonic, and created an alphabet for it. In the 9th century, they contributed to the spread of this ancient language to the north along with the spread of Christianity among the Slavs. They came from a land slightly north of Greece, perhaps what is now Macedonia, and Macedonian (along with its closest relative) is the language closest to Old Church Slavonic.

Basque

Basque is a real linguistic mystery. Its speakers are the Basque people, who live in Spain and France, but Basque itself has nothing in common with any of the Romance languages (which include Spanish), or, in fact, with any other language in the world. For several decades, linguists have tried to clarify its ancient linguistic connections, but none of the theories has been able to withstand criticism. The only certain fact is that it existed before the appearance of Romance languages in this territory - that is, before the Romans brought Latin to this land, which eventually developed into French and Spanish.

Finnish

Finnish was not used in writing until the 16th century, but it has a much deeper history. It belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family, which also includes Estonian, Hungarian and several languages that are used by national minorities in Siberia. Despite this, Finnish contains many loanwords that have been introduced into it from other language families over many centuries. In many cases, Finnish has preserved these loanwords in a form closer to the original than the languages from which they were borrowed. For example, the word aiti, meaning "mother", comes from Gothic - which, of course, is no longer used. Word kuningas(“king”) comes from the Old Germanic word * kuningaz– which no longer exists in any Germanic language.

Georgian

The Caucasus region is a real find for linguists. The main languages of the three South Caucasus countries: Armenia. Azerbaijan and Georgia belong to three completely different language families - Indo-European, Turkic and Kartvelian. – the most widespread among the Kartvelian languages, and is the only Caucasian language with an ancient literary tradition. Its melodic and unique alphabet is also quite ancient - it was adapted from Aramaic around the third century BC. Although it is not an isolated language in the same sense as Basque, there are only four Kartvelian languages in the world, all of them used by national minorities in Georgia, and none of them are related to any language in the world.

Irish Gaelic

Although Irish Gaelic is spoken as a first language by only a small majority of Irish people today, it has a deep history. It belongs to the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family. It existed on the islands that are today Great Britain and Ireland long before the Germanic tribes came to this territory. From Irish Gaelic developed Scots and Manx (which was formerly used on the Isle of Man), but what makes it included on this list is that it has the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe. While other European countries spoke their own languages but used Latin writing, the Irish used their own language for writing.

Ancient Sanskrit

A language is not only a set of words that allows people to understand each other, it contains the history, traditions and culture of the people who speak it. What secrets does the most ancient language in existence protect?

Finding out which language is the most ancient is not an easy task; who knows what happened there in ancient times, but scientists still have certain assumptions. According to written monuments that have survived to this day, the oldest of all those languages spoken to this day is Sanskrit.

Indo-European language family

Sanskrit belongs to the Indo-European language family, in particular to its Indo-Iranian branch. It is currently considered one of the 22 official languages of India, and its earliest monuments date back to the 2nd millennium BC. e. Sanskrit is not the language of any particular people, but the language of a particular culture, widespread among the social elite. It is used as a language of religious worship, the humanities, and also as a spoken language in a narrow circle.

He not only helped shape the most ancient languages of northern India, but also other language systems that ended up in the sphere of Buddhist or Sanskrit cultures. In addition, many artistic, philosophical, religious, scientific and legal works have been written in Sanskrit, which have influenced the culture of Central Asia and Southeast as well as Western Europe.

Another ancient language is Greek, which belongs to the most widespread Indo-European language family, constituting its separate branch. Its first monuments presumably date back to the 14th-12th centuries. BC e. The language has reached our time somewhat modified (historian linguists even distinguish 3 main periods in the history of the Greek language), which is mainly due to the incredible complexity of ancient Greek, so for thousands of years they have tried to simplify the language.

Greek

A wealth of literature was created in Greek for centuries; in the Roman Empire, every educated person was required to know Greek, and along with Latin, Greek became the source for the creation of many scientific and technical terms. It is currently the official language in Greece, as well as in the Greek part of the island of Crete. 15 million people consider it their native language, the majority of whom are Greek by nationality, although other peoples living in Greece also use it as their native language: Slavs, Gypsies, Albanians, Aromanians, etc. The number of people who speak Greek as a foreign language is is approximately 3-5 million people.

One of the most ancient languages is Chinese, which also has the oldest written language that is still used in our time. The oldest written evidence indicating the existence of the language dates back to the 14th-11th centuries. BC e. , this is proof that the language system was already formed during the Shang-Yin period. Chinese is a member of the Sino-Tibetan language family and is currently the language with the largest number of speakers, with approximately 1.3 billion speakers. It is recognized as the official language of three countries: China, Singapore and Taiwan, and one of the official languages of the UN.

Evidence confirming the antiquity of Sanskrit

For the written expression of the Chinese language, a hieroglyphic system of notations is used, which differs from the alphabetic one in that each character, hieroglyph, has its own (not only phonetic) meaning. It is not possible to determine the exact number of hieroglyphs; in order to read newspapers and magazines, you need to know at least 3000 hieroglyphs. It's no surprise that Chinese, like several other ancient languages, is officially recognized as the most difficult language in the world.

The approximate age of a language can only be determined from monuments that have survived to the present day. Evidence confirming the antiquity of Sanskrit was found only in the 20th century. Perhaps new evidence will appear soon?

How exactly the various languages spoken by different peoples of the world today appeared is still unknown. Scientists, including linguists, anthropologists, and other specialists, build various schemes, talk about language families and groups, and the influence of cultures. But there is still no answer. In this regard, we recall a fairly well-known story about an Egyptian pharaoh named Psammetichus.

This worthy ruler wanted to find out which language is the oldest in the world. He decided to conduct an experiment: on his orders, two newborn children were given to be raised by goatherds. The teachers were forbidden to talk to the children and began to wait for the results.

After some time, the children said the first word and it sounded like this: “bekos.” The pharaoh's nimble subjects checked which language had this word. It turned out that the word meant “bread” in Phrygian. The experiment was considered successful, and Phrygian was considered the oldest language.

It is difficult to say how much authenticity there is in this story, but it is known quite widely. You can read about the Phrygian language in specialized literature (links at the end of the article), and we suggest getting acquainted in more detail with other equally ancient languages.

Sumerian and Akkadian languages

Often, when talking about the ancient kingdoms and cultures of Sumer and Akkad, they are combined into one Sumerian-Akkadian kingdom with one culture. Geographically, these ancient kingdoms were located in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates. Historically, in this region, one state replaced another in a very short period of time by historical standards.

The Sumerian language was spoken in the territory of Southern Mesopotamia for a very, very long time: from the 4th to the 3rd millennium BC. The writing of the Sumerians has reached us and therefore linguists were able to quite fully describe this ancient language. Sumerian is a written language, the form of writing is cuneiform.

The Sumerian language was discovered in the 19th century. It was then that it was deciphered; the term “Sumerian language” was introduced into science by Julius Oppert. This language also has a self-name, which when translated sounds like “noble language” or “native language”. The family ties between Sumerian and other languages have not yet been established. One of the features of this language is the absence of a category of time.

Around 2000 B.C. Sumerian replaced Akkadian in colloquial speech. This language was spoken by three peoples: Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians. The writing was recorded using Sumerian cuneiform. Akkadian belongs to the Semitic group of languages. The oldest known monument in Akkadian dates back to the 25th century BC. The most famous monument in the Akkadian language is the ancient epic "The Tale of Gilgamesh".

Eblaite language is the second most ancient language of the Semitic group after Akkda. It was widespread in 3 thousand BC. in the west of the territory of modern Syria. Approximately 5 thousand clay tablets have survived to this day, which were found in 1974 - 1976 during excavations of the ancient city of Ebla. The first person to decipher and translate the tablets was Giovanni Pettinato.

The Elamite language existed around the same time as Sumerian and, like Sumerian, has no established genetic connections with other languages. They spoke this language from about 3 to 1 thousand BC. in the ancient kingdom of Elam, whose capital was the city of Susa. Today this is the southwest of Iran, the provinces of Khuzestan and Lurestan. Gradually, the Elamite language was replaced by Persian and eventually lost. The history of this language is divided into Old Elamite, Middle Elamite, New Elamite and Achaemenid periods.

Hurrian and Hutt languages

Which language group the Hurrians belong to has not yet been established. This people lived in northern Mesopotamia, in the south of the Armenian Highlands and adjacent areas. Scientists believe that the language of the ancient state of Urartu was closest to Hurrian, and the modern languages of the North Caucasus are distantly related to it. The latter is not supported by everyone. The Hurrians used Akkadian cuneiform and some of its variants for writing. This ancient language has at least 6 dialects - a very impressive characteristic. The first grammar of the Hurrian language was compiled by Ephraim Avigdor Speiser in 1941.

Hattic is one of the least studied ancient languages: very few sources have survived. This language was spoken by the ancient population of the northeastern part of Asia Minor inside the bend of the Galis River (modern Kyzyl-Yrmak). In the 20th century, the idea was expressed that Hattic is related to the Western Caucasian languages.

Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
Languages of the world. Ancient relict languages of Western Asia.
Free electronic encyclopedia Wikipedia, section "Phrygian language".
Kaneva I.T. Sumerian language.
Lipin L.A. Akkadian language.
Kaplan G.H. An outline of the grammar of the Akkadian language.
Free electronic encyclopedia Wikipedia, section "Elam".
Free electronic encyclopedia Wikipedia, section "Elamite language".
"The Epic of Gilgamesh."
Ivanov V.V. Hittite and Hurrian literature.
Ivanov V.V. Hurrian and Hutt etymologies

What was the first language on our planet? Unfortunately, today scientists cannot answer this question. Sometimes you can hear the variants “Sumerian” (the Sumerians lived on the territory of modern Iraq, there are written sources from 3000 BC), “Egyptian”, “Phrygian” (younger than Sumerian by a couple of millennia).

But linguists believe that the language macrofamilies that exist today arose 15-17 thousand years ago, and this is already much earlier than the 3rd millennium BC.

Scientists who adhere to the theory of monogenesis believe that all languages originated from one language, the proto-world language, that is, some language was the first on Earth. Although it is also possible for a situation in which different language groups arose independently.

It should be especially noted that a proto-world language is not necessarily the very first language in the world, it is “just” the language from which all others descended.

Protolanguage and monogenesis: how to find the first language?

There are some roots that can be traced in many languages, for example, dad, mom, big brother (aka, kaka), leaf (leaf, petal). Let’s say the existence of the words “dad” and “mom” (link to a page with dad and mom in different languages) can be explained by the fact that the consonants “m” and “p” are the first sounds of children’s speech, that is, words seem to be natural for baby talk. But it’s difficult to attribute the word “leaf” to children’s speech, and this root can be found in language families very far from each other. And he is not alone; there are many such common roots. Linguists explain this by saying that such words have a common source - perhaps we are talking about the first language of the world?

In addition, human languages are similar in their internal structure: they all have consonants and vowels, there is a subject, a predicate and an object. Linguists consider it unlikely that such an identical structure could have originated in different places completely independently.

As we have already said, linguistic macrofamilies known to science date back approximately 15-17 thousand years. Perhaps, to bring these families together, 2-3 more “floors” are needed, but linguists, in particular Sergei Starostin, who is deeply interested in the problems of monogenesis, believes that it is unlikely that the proto-language could be older than 40-50 thousand years, otherwise global etymology.

It is very likely that human language originated in Central Africa. As proof of this, a number of others cite the fact that in Africa there is a group of Khoisan languages (link to Khoisan). They differ from all others by the presence of clicking consonants, clicks. Linguists believe that it is much easier for kliks to be lost in the process of language development than to be acquired, so the Khoisan languages may turn out to be one of the first - or related to the first language.